2024屆湖南省“一起考”大聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期模擬考試英語試題（四）（解析版）

第1頁/共1頁2024屆高三“一起考”大聯(lián)考(模擬四)英語(時量：120分鐘滿分：150分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthemantryingonprobably?A.Shoes. B.AT-shirt. C.Awalkingstick.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Howdoyoufeel?M:Great!It’slikewalkingonair.AndtheygowithmyT-shirtreallywell.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhatdoesthewomansayaboutCultureExpress?A.Sheoftenmissesit. B.Shethinksitfunny. C.Shelikesitverymuch.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:DoyouliketheshowCultureExpressonChannel4?M:Notreally,butIthinkthehostisfunny.W:Well,Ican’tmissitforanything.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inashop. B.Inanoffice. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning,Miss.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:I’mapplyingforajob.It’sadvertisedinyesterday’spaper.M:Haveyoubroughtyourresumewithyou?W:Yes,hereyouare.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howlongdidittakethemantofinishhispaper?A.Notmorethanhalfanhour.B.Lessthananhourandahalf.C.Morethananhourandahalf.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Howmuchtimedidyouhaveforwritingthepaper?M:Weweregiventhreehours,butIfinisheditinlessthanhalfthetime.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.HecanmakeitonSaturday.B.Moviesarenothiscupoftea.C.Therearemusiclessonsfortheevening.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:WillyougotothecinemathisSaturday,Bob?M:I’mafraidIcan’t.I’llhavemymusiclessonsthen.W:Ididn’tmeaninthemorningorafternoon.Imeantintheevening.M:Oh,that’squiteadifferentthing.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whydoesthemanfeelsurprised?A.Thewomanrefusedtoleave.B.Thewomandisagreeswithhim.C.Thewomanhasfoundanewjob.7.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherdepartment?A.There’stoomuchpressure.B.Peopledon’ttrusteachother.C.Therearesomeseriousproblems.【答案】6.C7.C【解析】【原文】M:Maggie,what’sgoingon?Lindajusttoldmethatyou’releavingus.W:Yes,Ireallyfeelbadaboutit.ButIjustgotareallygoodoffer.M:Well,Ididn’tknowyouweregoingtolookforanewjob.W:Well,justbetweenyouandme.Ithinkwehavesomerealproblemsinthisdepartment.Don’tgetmewrong.Ithasnothingtodowithyou,Frank.Everybodysaysyouareanexcellentmanager.M:Problems,whatproblems?Dowehavetimetotalkaboutit?聽下面一段長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodothisweekend?A.Gotothebeach. B.Climbamountain. C.Goforabicycle-ride.9.WhatdoweknowaboutPaulandMary?A.Theydidsomeridingyesterday.B.Theymightbethespeakers’friends.C.They’vedecidedtojointhespeakers.【答案】8.B9.B【解析】【原文】M:Whatdoyouwanttodothisweekend?W:Oh,Idon’tknow.Maybegotothebeachifit’sniceweather.M:ButwedidthatlastweekendLet’sdosomethingdifferent.W:Hum...Hey,Iknowwhat!Whydon’tweclimbMt.Tai?M:Greatidea!I’vealwayswantedtodothat!W:PaulandMarytalkedaboutabicyclerideyesterday,buttheyhaven’tmadethefinaldecision.Maybewecouldpersuadethemtojoinus.M:Wonderful!I’llgivethemacallrightnow.聽下面一段長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.SignupforaPEclass.B.Interviewthemaninthegym.C.Takesomeexercisetokeepfit.11.Whatsportdoesthewomandislikedoing?A.Jogging. B.Running. C.Weight-lifting.12.Howoftendoesthemanadvisethewomantoworkoutatfirst?A.Twiceaweek. B.Threetimesaweek. C.Fourtimesaweek.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheiseagertostarttheclass.B.Sheoftenworksoutinthegym.C.Shehasdonesomeexerciserecently.【答案】10.C11.A12.A13.A【解析】【原文】W:Hello,mynameisJaneandI’dliketoknowsomethingaboutgettingfit.M:Hi,Jane.Whattypeofexercisedoyouenjoydoing?W:Ilikedoingphysicalexercise,butIhatejogging.Idon’tminddoingsomeweight-lifting,though.M:Great!Howoftencanyouworkout?W:Twiceorthreetimesaweekwouldbegood.M:Whydon’twegetstartedwithaphysicalexerciseclasstwiceaweek?W:Soundsfinetome.M:You’llneedtostartslowlyandbuildupgraduallytothreeorfourtimesaweek.W:HowdoIsignupfortheclasses?M:Youneedtojointhegymandthenyoucanchoosewhichclassfitsyourtimetablebest.W:Great!Ican’twaittogetstarted.Thanksforyouradvice.M:Noproblem.I’llseeyouinthephysicalexerciseclasses!聽下面一段長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.Whatkindofbusinessdidthemanstart?A.Agrocerystore. B.Asmallrestaurant. C.Anicecreamshop.15.HowmanyemployeesatmostarethereinasmallbusinessintheUS?A.300. B.400. C.500.16.Whydidthemanopenhisbusinessinthesuburbs?A.Toavoidcompeting. B.Toearnmoremoney. C.Toattractmorecustomers.17.Howdidthemangetthemoneytostarthisbusiness?A.Bysavingmoneybyhimself.B.Bygettingaloanfromabank.C.Byborrowingmoneyfromanorganization.【答案】14.B15.C16.A17.A【解析】【原文】M:Mysmallbusinessisopeningtomorrow.Itisasmallrestaurantinthesuburbs.W:Areallsmallbusinessesrestaurants?M:No,asmallbusinesscanbeanythingfromagrocerystoretoalawyer’soffice.Itisdefinedmainlybyhowmanypeopleareemployed.IntheUnitedStates,ifyouhavelessthan500employees,youareconsideredasmallbusiness.W:Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofowningasmallbusiness?M:Ihaveacloserrelationshipwithmycustomersanditcostslesstostartup.Butthereisahigherriskoffailureiftheownerdoesnotpreparewisely.Also,biggerbusinesseshavedestroyedalotofsmallbusinesses.Thatiswhymyrestaurantisinthesuburbs,tostayawayfromthebiggerbusinesses.W:Wheredidyougetthemoneytostartyourrestaurant?M:Ihavebeensavingmymoneyforfiveyearstostartit.Youcanalsogetmoneyfromaprivateorganizationoraloanfromabank.W:IthinkIwouldliketoopenanicecreamshop.M:Youshould!Havingasmallbusinessofyourownisveryrewarding!聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】18.Whatcanwelearnfromthenews?A.Novillagerwaskilled.B.15houseswerebadlydamaged.C.Over200peopleweremadehomeless.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthefarmer?A.Hiswifewasmissing.B.Hishousewasdestroyed.C.Oneofhischildrenwaskilled.20.Whatdidthewomandowhenshesawherhouseshaking?A.Shetriedtotakesomethingout.B.Sherushedoutwithherchildren.C.Shetoldherhusbandnottoleave.【答案】18.C19.B20.B【解析】【原文】Backtothenews.LastFridayastormhittwovillagesdestroyingfourteenhouses.Sevenothersweresobadlydamagedthattheirownershadtoleavethem,andfifteenothershadbrokenwindows.Onepersonwaskilled,andninewerebadlyinjuredandtakentothehospital.Anumberofotherpeoplegotsmallinjuries.Altogetherovertwohundredwerelefthomelessasaresultofthestorm.Afarmersaidthestormbeganearlyinthemorningandlastedoveranhour.Hewasinthekitchenwithhiswifeandhischildrenwhentheyheardaloudnoise.Afewminuteslatertheirhousefelldownontopofthem.Theymanagedtoclimboutbutthenhesawthatoneofhischildrenwasmissing.Hewentbackinsideandfoundhimsafebutveryfrightened.Awomansaidthatherhusbandhadjustleftforworkwhenshenoticedthatherhousewasshaking.Sherushedoutsideimmediatelywithherchildren.Therewasnotimeforhertotakeanything.Afewminuteslater,theroofcamedown.Soldierswenttotheareatohelpthepeopleintrouble.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWhoWasE.B.White?Today，mostpeoplerememberE.B.Whiteasthebelovedchildren’sbookauthorwhogaveusCharloue’sWebandStuantLittle，butdidyouknowthatmostofhiscareerwasspentwritingforfamousmagazineslikeTheNewYorker?Hislifelongdreamofwritingachildren’sbookaboutamousewouldtakeyearstogetpublished.Afewyearslater，Whitewouldpublishyetanotherchildren’sbookinspiredbyapighehadraised.WhoWasJohnnyCash?JohnnyCashwasfamousasacountrymusiclegendandaniconofAmericansongwriting.Duetohiswiderangeofmusicaltalent，JohnnyCashhasbeeninductedintotheCountry，RockandRoll，Rockabilly，andGospelHallsofFame.Healsowon11Grammysand9CountryMusicAssociationAwards.WhoWasCharlesSchulz?CharlesSchulzloveddrawingfromthetimehewasayoungchild，andashegrewolder，heturnedthispassionintoasuccessfulcareer.Hisearlydoodles(涂鴉)ofhisnaughtydogandofashyboyinspiredtwoofhismostfamiliarandbelovedcharacters，CharlieBrownandSnoopy.WhoWasLeviStrauss?Asayoungworking-classGermanimmigrant，LeviStrausslefthisfamily’sdrygoodsbusinessinNewYorkCitytojourneyoutwestfortheCaliforiaGoldRush.OnlyLeviwasn’tlookingforgold—hewantedtoprovidetheminerswithstrongclothestowear.Hissolution?Bluejeans—whichhavebecomeoneofthemostbelovedandfashionableclothingitemsintheworld.21.WhatdidE.B.Whitedoinmostofhiscareer?A.Hewrotechildren’sbooks. B.Hewroteformagazines.C.Hepublishedbooks. D.Heraisedapig.22.Whosechildhoodhobbycontributedtohisadultsuccess?A.E.B.White. B.E.B.White.C.CharlesSchulz. D.LeviStrauss.23.WhatdidLeviStraussgotoCaliforniafor?A.Lookingforgold. B.Makingafortune.C.Makingclothesforminers. D.Runningdrygoodsbusiness.【答案】21.B22.C23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。本文簡要介紹了四位著名人物。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個小標題下的“butdidyouknowthatmostofhiscareerwasspentwritingforfamousmagazineslikeTheNewYorker?(但你知道他的大部分職業(yè)生涯都是為《紐約客》等著名雜志撰稿嗎?)”可知，E.B.White大部分職業(yè)生涯都在為雜志撰稿。故選B?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個小標題下的“CharlesSchulzloveddrawingfromthetimehewasayoungchild，andashegrewolder，heturnedthispassionintoasuccessfulcareer.(查爾斯·舒爾茨從小就喜歡畫畫，隨著年齡的增長，他把這種熱情轉(zhuǎn)化為成功的事業(yè)。)”可知，CharlesSchulz小時候的愛好促成了長大后的事業(yè)成功。故選C。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四個小標題下的“OnlyLeviwasn’tlookingforgold—hewantedtoprovidetheminerswithstrongclothestowear.(只是利瓦伊不是在找金子——他想給礦工們提供結(jié)實的衣服穿。)”可知，只有Levi不是為了淘金，而是為了給礦工提供耐穿的衣服。因此可知，他去加利福尼亞是為了給曠工做衣服。故選C。BTexan81-year-oldgoodfriendsEllieHambyandSandyHazeliptouredtheworldin80daysprovingthatadventuredoesn’thaveanagelimit.Theirfirststopwasalocationchallengingevenmanyexperiencedtravelers:theAntarctic.GettingtothesouthernmostcontinentfirstrequiredcrossingtheDrakePassage,thewatersbetweenthesoutherntipofSouthAmericaandtheAntarctic’sSouthShetlandIslands.“Foralmosttwodays,wewererockingandrolling,slippingandslidingthroughtheDrakePassageandwewereholdingonfordearlife,“Hambysaid.Thevoyage,however,fadedfromtheirmindastheysetfootonthegroundoftheAntarctic,fascinatedbythebreathtakingbeautyofpenguins,icebergsandglaciers.Sincethatfirstventure,thepairhavevisited18countriesacrossallsevencontinents.Anddespitethechallengesinternationaltravelpresented,thegoodfriendssaidtheyhadfinishedtheirtripwithoutanyargument.Thoughthey’rebothindependentandstubborn,theyrespecteachother’sfeelings.Andwhattheyrememberthemostarethepeoplethattheymet.“Wemetsomeofthemostwonderful,kindest,friendliestpeople.Wejusthavefriendsnowallovertheworldthatwelovedearly,”Hambysaid.Thetwosharedacrucialpieceofadvicefortravelersworryingaboutthelanguagebarrierontheirownadventures.”Youknow,peopleoftenaskusaboutit,”saidHamby.”Wetellthemthere’soneuniversallanguage,andthat’sthesmile.WefounditworkedwondersbecausewewereoftenawarethatEnglishwasnotalwaysspokenandthatthesmilecouldcoveralllanguages.”Theyalsoencouragedotherolderpeoplenottoletageholdthemback.Asidefromsomeminorchangesinplans,theiragedidn’taffecttheiritinerary(旅程)abroad.Theysaidtheyfeltconfidentthatiftheywereinjuredduringtheirtrip,theirchildrenwouldhavebeenatpeaceknowingthattheyweredoingwhattheyabsolutelywanted.AndHazelipdescribed81astheperfectagetoembarkonatrip.”Gettingolderdoesgiveusalittlebitofwisdomofmakingdecisions,”shesaid.24.WhatmightthepairthinkoftheirtriptotheAntaretic?A.Briefbutexciting. B.Toughbutworthwhile.C.Interestingbutfruitless. D.Unpleasantbutmemorable.25.Whatisthehighlightofthepair’sadventuresforthemselves?A.Meetingnicepeoplealongtheway.B.Experiencingmanychallengingactivities.C.Learningaboutdifferentculturesfromtravelers.D.Avoidingconflictsdespitetheirstubbornnature.26.Whathelpedthepaircommunicatewithpeopleduringtheadventure?A.English. B.Thesmile.C.Crucialadvice. D.Universalgestures.27.Whatcanweinferaboutthepairfromthelastparagraph?A.TheyfelldownwhenridingabikeinBali.B.Theyregrettednotexploringtheworldearlier.C.Theirchildrenunderstoodandsupportedthem.D.Theirwisdomsavedthemlotsoftimeduringtheirtrip.【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。來自得克薩斯州的兩位81歲的好友EllieHamby和SandyHazelip周游世界八十天。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的““Foralmosttwodays，wewererockingandrolling，slippingandslidingthroughtheDrakePassageandwewereholdingonfordearlife，”Hambysaid.Thevoyage，however，fadedfromtheirmindastheysetfootonthegroundoftheAntarctic，fascinatedbythebreathtakingbeautyofpenguins，icebergsandglaciers.(Hamby說:“在差不多兩天的時間里，我們在德雷克海峽里搖晃著，打滑著，我們拼命地堅持著。”然而，當他們踏上南極的土地，被企鵝、冰山和冰川的驚人美景所吸引時，這次航行就從他們的腦海中淡去了。)”可知，ElieHamby和SandyHazelip前往南極洲的旅程非常艱辛，但見到南極洲的風(fēng)光后她們又覺得很值得。故選B。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Andwhattheyrememberthemostarethepeoplethattheymet.“Wemetsomeofthemostwonderful,kindest,friendliestpeople.Wejusthavefriendsnowallovertheworldthatwelovedearly,”Hambysaid.(他們記得最深刻的是他們遇到的人。“我們遇到了一些最優(yōu)秀、最善良、最友好的人。我們現(xiàn)在在世界各地都有我們深愛的朋友。”)"可知。這兩個人旅行的亮點是沿途遇到一些善良的人。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Wetellthemthere’soneuniversallanguage,andthat’sthesmile.WefounditworkedwondersbecausewewereoftenawarethatEnglishwasnotalwaysspokenandthatthesmilecouldcoveralllanguages.(我們告訴他們世界上有一種通用語言，那就是微笑。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這很有效，因為我們經(jīng)常意識到英語并不總是被說的，而微笑可以涵蓋所有的語言。)”可知，Hammby推薦通用語言“微笑”，因此推斷“微笑”有助于她們與人的交流。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theysaidtheyfeltconfidentthatiftheywereinjuredduringtheirtrip,theirchildrenwouldhavebeenatpeaceknowingthattheyweredoingwhattheyabsolutelywanted.(他們說，他們有信心，如果他們在旅行中受傷，他們的孩子會知道他們在做他們絕對想做的事情。)”可推斷，EllieHamby和SandyHazelip的孩子們是理解并支持她們的。CTheFederalCommunicationsCommissionoftheUSrecentlyissuedthefirst-everfineforspacejunk,againsttheDishNetwork.Thesatellitetelevisioncompanyfailedtoproperlydealwithoneofitssatellites,leavingitatalowerorbitthanitpromisedwhensecuringitslicense.Somespacejunkwasdiscardedduringmissions—maybeanastronautdroppedhisluckypenny,orreleasedaninstrument’scameracoverafteritwasnolongerneeded.Otherjunk,however,istheresultofcollisions:Eventhatluckypenny,travelingat15timesthespeedofabullet,cancausehugedamage—endingasatellite’smissionor,worse,breakingthatsatelliteintopieces.That’sobviouslybadnewsforsatellites.Thesolutionisn’ttodemandthelaunchoffewersatellites;thesebringrealbenefitstopeopleontheEarth.Andwhiletrafficmanagementiscertainlynecessary,piecesofgarbagearenevergoingtobeabletofolloweventhemostsensiblerulesoftheorbitalroad.Thatmeanstwothingsneedtohappen:Peopleneedtostoplittering,andtheyneedtotakeoutsometrash.Theprofessionals,unsurprisingly,havemorecarefullyconsiderednamesfortheseprocesses—mitigation(減輕)andremediation(補救).Anytimeacompanywantstoputasatelliteinthesky,itshouldhaveaclearplanfortheinstrument’sendoflife.Forobjectsinveryhighgeostationaryorbit(地球同步軌道),thisusuallyinvolvessendingtheitemtotheout-of-the-way“graveyard”orbit.Forobjectslowerdown,ittendsinsteadtoinvolvemovingthemlowerstill,sothattheywillbumupuponreenteringtheatmosphere.Activeremovalofgarbagethathasfailedtogetoutofthewayistechnicallytricky,butatleastforlargeobjects,remediationispossible.Encouragingly,somecountriesarebeginningtotry.Nonation,however,cansavespaceonitsown.Aglobalconvention(協(xié)定)toseta21st-centurycodeofconductforspaceisinorder.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded”inparagraph2mean?A.Collectedup. B.Thrownaway.C.Produced. D.Ignored.29.Whycan’twereducethenumberofsatelliteslaunchedeveryyear?A.Thesatellitesbenefitourlifealot.B.Weneednewsatellitestoreplaceoldones.C.Countriesareusingsatellitestooccupyspace.D.Wemustmakeadeeperexplorationintotheuniverse.30.Whichofthefollowingarethemeasuresofstoplittering?①Sendingsatellitestothe“graveyard”orbit.②Movingobjectslowerstill.③Activeremovalofdebris.A.①② B.②③ C.①③ D.①②③31.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toprovidesolutionstospacejunk.B.Toexplainthedamageofspacejunk.C.Tocalluponcountriestofinecompaniesmakingspacejunk.D.Toappealtonationsfortheprotectionoffspaceenvironment.【答案】28.B29.A30.A31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹是應(yīng)該如何處理在人類探索太空的過程中產(chǎn)生的太空垃圾?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中破折號后的“maybeanastronautdroppedhisluckypenny,orreleasedaninstrument’scameracoverafteritwasnolongerneeded.(也許是宇航員掉了他的幸運硬幣，或者是在儀器不再需要時松開了相機蓋。)”可知，此處解釋的是太空垃圾的來源，可能是宇航員掉落的幸運幣，也可是被丟棄的相機蓋子等，都是在執(zhí)行太空任務(wù)中被扔掉的太空垃圾，由此可知，discard的意思與“丟棄，掉落”的意義相近。故選B項?！?9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thesolutionisn’ttodemandthelaunchoffewersatellites;thesebringrealbenefitstopeopleontheEarth.(解決辦法不是要求發(fā)射更少的衛(wèi)星；這些衛(wèi)星會給地球上的人們帶來真正的好處。)”可知，對于衛(wèi)星會被太空垃圾摧毀，我們的解決辦法不是少發(fā)射衛(wèi)星，因為這些衛(wèi)星會給全球人民帶來實實在在的好處。故選A項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Forobjectsinveryhighgeostationaryorbit(地球同步軌道),thisusuallyinvolvessendingtheitemtotheout-of-the-way“graveyard”orbit.Forobjectslowerdown,ittendsinsteadtoinvolvemovingthemlowerstill,sothattheywillbumupuponreenteringtheatmosphere.(對于在非常高的地球同步軌道上的物體，這通常涉及將物體送到偏僻的“墓地”軌道。對于較低的物體，它傾向于將它們移動到更低的地方，這樣它們在重新進入大氣層時就會燃燒殆盡。)”可知，該部分講述的是處理太空垃圾的方法，對于在非常高的地球同步軌道上的衛(wèi)星，可以將其送到遠離地球同步軌道的“墓地”軌道；對于較低軌道上的衛(wèi)星，可以將它們移動到更低的地方。故選A項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段“Encouragingly,somecountriesarebeginningtotry.Nonation,however,cansavespaceonitsown.Aglobalconvention(協(xié)定)toseta21st-centurycodeofconductforspaceisinorder.(令人鼓舞的是，一些國家已經(jīng)開始嘗試。然而，沒有哪個國家能夠獨自拯救太空。一項旨在制定21世紀空間行為準則的全球公約正在制定之中。)”以及上文中講述的太空垃圾的危害和我們應(yīng)該如何處理太空垃圾可知，一些國家已經(jīng)開始著手處理太空垃圾，但沒有一個國家能獨自拯救太空，需要制定一項全球公約來維護太空，由此可知，作者旨在呼吁各個國家制定21世紀太空行為準則，共同保護太空環(huán)境。故選D項。DTheperiodictableofelementsisacommonsightinclassrooms,campushallwaysandlibraries.Themodeperiodictablearrangestheelementsbytheiratomicnumbersandperiodicproperties(周期性).Severalscientistsworkedoveracenturytoassembletheelementsintothisformat.In1789,FrenchchemistAntoineLavoisiertriedgroupingtheelementsasmetalsandnonmetals.Fortyyearslater,GermanphysicistJohannWolfgangDobereinerobservedsimilaritiesinphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofcertainelements.Hearrangedthemingroupsofthreeinincreasingorderofatomicweightandcalledthemtriads,observingthatsomepropertiesofthemiddleelement,suchasatomicweightanddensity,approximatedtheaveragevalueofthesepropertiesintheothertwoineachtriad.AbreakthroughcamewiththepublicationofarevisedlistofelementsandtheiratomicmassesatthefirstinternationalconferenceofchemistryinKarlsruhe,Germany,in1860.Theyconcludedhydrogenwouldbeassignedtheatomicweightof1andthattheatomicweightofotherelementswouldbedecidedbycomparisonwithhydrogen.Forexample,carbon,being12timesheavierthanhydrogen,wouldhaveanatomicweightof12.In1869,RussianchemistDmitriMendeleevcreatedtheframeworkthatbecamethemoderperiodictable,leavinggapsforelementsthatwereyettobediscovered.Mendeleevpredictedthepropertiesofsomeundiscoveredelementsandgavethemnamessuchas“eka-aluminum”foranelementwithpropertiessimilartoaluminum.Later“eka-aluminum”wasdiscoveredasgallium.GermanchemistLotharMeyerproducedaversionoftheperiodictablesimilartoMendeleev’sin1870.Heleftgapsforundiscoveredelementsbutneverpredictedtheirproperties.TheRoyalSocietyofLondonawardedtheDavyMedalin1882tobothMendeleevandMeyer.ThelaterdiscoveryofelementspredictedbyMendeleevverified(證實)hispredictionsandhisperiodictablewonuniversalrecognition.In1955the101stelementwasnamedmendeleviuminhishonor.OnUNESCOwebsite,itwrote,“ThePeriodicTableofChemicalElementsismorethanjustaguideorcatalogueoftheentireknownatomsintheuniverse;itisessentiallyawindowontheuniverse,helpingtoexpandourunderstandingoftheworldaroundus.”32.WhatisthebreakthroughattheconferenceinGermany?A.Theatomicweightofcarbonwascalculatedbyscientists.B.Abrand-newperiodictablewaspublishedatthemeeting.C.Theelementsinthetablewererearrangedbytheproperties.D.Theatomicweightofelementswasquantifiedbasedonhydrogen.33.HowdidMendeleevcontributetothemodernperiodictable?A.Hemadeitmorecomplete.B.Hemadeiteasiertounderstand.C.Hewasthefirsttoarrangetheelementsbyatomicmasses.D.Hediscoveredmanynewpropertiesofsomeknownelements.34.Whatisthesignificanceofthediscoveryoftheperiodictable?A.Itisawindowintochemistry.B.Itisahelpertolearnabouthistory.C.Itisaguidetoexploringthemicroworld.D.Itisadescriptionofschoolcurricula’shistory.35.Howisthetextdeveloped?A.Inorderoftheelements’importance. B.Byfollowingthetimeorder.C.Inorderofscientists’achievements. D.Bymakingcomparisons.【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。本文主要介紹了《元素周期表》產(chǎn)生的過程。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AbreakthroughcamewiththepublicationofarevisedlistofelementsandtheiratomicmassesatthefirstinternationalconferenceofchemistryinKarlsruhe,Germany,in1860.Theyconcludedhydrogenwouldbeassignedtheatomicweightof1andthattheatomicweightofotherelementswouldbedecidedbycomparisonwithhydrogen.Forexample,carbon,being12timesheavierthanhydrogen,wouldhaveanatomicweightof12.(1860年，在德國卡爾斯魯厄(Karlsruhe)舉行的第一屆國際化學(xué)會議上，修訂的元素表及其原子質(zhì)量的公布帶來了突破。他們得出結(jié)論，氫的原子量為1，其他元素的原子量將通過與氫的比較來確定。例如，碳比氫重12倍，那么它的原子量就是12)”可知，德國會議的突破是元素的原子量是根據(jù)氫來量化的。故選D項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“In1869,RussianchemistDmitriMendeleevcreatedtheframeworkthatbecamethemoderperiodictable,leavinggapsforelementsthatwereyettobediscovered.Mendeleevpredictedthepropertiesofsomeundiscoveredelementsandgavethemnamessuchas“eka-aluminum”foranelementwithpropertiessimilartoaluminum.Later“eka-aluminum”wasdiscoveredasgallium.(1869年，俄羅斯化學(xué)家德米特里·門捷列夫(DmitriMendeleev)創(chuàng)建了現(xiàn)代元素周期表的框架，為尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)的元素留出了空白。門捷列夫預(yù)測了一些未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的元素的性質(zhì)，并給它們起了名字，比如“eka-aluminum”，表示一種與鋁性質(zhì)相似的元素。后來“eka-aluminum”被發(fā)現(xiàn)為鎵)”以及第五段“ThelaterdiscoveryofelementspredictedbyMendeleevverified(證實)hispredictionsandhisperiodictablewonuniversalrecognition.(后來門捷列夫預(yù)言的元素的發(fā)現(xiàn)證實了他的預(yù)言，他的元素周期表贏得了普遍的認可)”可知，門捷列夫預(yù)測了一些未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的元素的性質(zhì)，并得到證實，贏得了普遍的認可，也就是說他使元素周期表更完整。故選A項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“OnUNESCOwebsite,itwrote,“ThePeriodicTableofChemicalElementsismorethanjustaguideorcatalogueoftheentireknownatomsintheuniverse;itisessentiallyawindowontheuniverse,helpingtoexpandourunderstandingoftheworldaroundus.”(在聯(lián)合國教科文組織網(wǎng)站上，它寫道：“化學(xué)元素周期表不僅僅是宇宙中所有已知原子的指南或目錄；它本質(zhì)上是宇宙的一扇窗口，有助于擴大我們對周圍世界的理解。”)”可知，元素周期表的發(fā)現(xiàn)是探索微觀世界的指南。故選C項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“In1789,FrenchchemistAntoineLavoisiertriedgroupingtheelementsasmetalsandnonmetals.Fortyyearslater,GermanphysicistJohannWolfgangDobereinerobservedsimilaritiesinphysicalandchemicalpropertiesofcertainelements.(1789年，法國化學(xué)家安托萬·拉瓦錫嘗試將元素分為金屬和非金屬。四十年后，德國物理學(xué)家約翰·沃爾夫?qū)ざ嘭惱准{(JohannWolfgangDobereiner)觀察到某些元素在物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)上的相似性)”，第三段“AbreakthroughcamewiththepublicationofarevisedlistofelementsandtheiratomicmassesatthefirstinternationalconferenceofchemistryinKarlsruhe,Germany,in1860.(1860年，在德國卡爾斯魯厄(Karlsruhe)舉行的第一屆國際化學(xué)會議上，修訂的元素表及其原子質(zhì)量的公布帶來了突破)”以及第四段“In1869,RussianchemistDmitriMendeleevcreatedtheframeworkthatbecamethemoderperiodictable,leavinggapsforelementsthatwereyettobediscovered.(1869年，俄羅斯化學(xué)家德米特里·門捷列夫(DmitriMendeleev)創(chuàng)建了現(xiàn)代元素周期表的框架，為尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)的元素留出了空白)”和倒數(shù)第二段“GermanchemistLotharMeyerproducedaversionoftheperiodictablesimilartoMendeleev’sin1870.Heleftgapsforundiscoveredelementsbutneverpredictedtheirproperties.TheRoyalSocietyofLondonawardedtheDavyMedalin1882tobothMendeleevandMeyer.ThelaterdiscoveryofelementspredictedbyMendeleevverified(證實)hispredictionsandhisperiodictablewonuniversalrecognition.In1955the101stelementwasnamedmendeleviuminhishonor.(1870年，德國化學(xué)家洛塔爾·邁耶制作了一張與門捷列夫相似的元素周期表。他為未發(fā)現(xiàn)的元素留下了空白，但從未預(yù)測過它們的性質(zhì)。1882年，倫敦皇家學(xué)會向門捷列夫和邁耶頒發(fā)了戴維獎?wù)?。后來門捷列夫預(yù)測的元素的發(fā)現(xiàn)證實了他的預(yù)測，他的元素周期表得到了普遍的認可。1955年，第101號元素以他的名字命名為鍆)”可知，文章按照時間順序發(fā)展的。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Behavioralscientistshavefoundthatgoodlisteningisoneofthemostimportantthingswecandotoimproveourrelationships.____36____Atitscore,listeninginaone-on-oneconversationisabouttakinganinterestinanotherpersonandmakinghim/herfeelunderstood.____37____Butsomerecurring(重復(fù)出現(xiàn))featuresincludeattentiveness,conveyingunderstanding,andshowingapositiveintentiontowardsthespeaker.Inadditiontoactivelyattendingtoaspeaker’swords,goodlistenersalsousequestionsandbodylanguagethatindicatetheirunderstandingandtheirdesiretounderstand.Thismightfeelawkwardatfirst,andwhat’smosteffectivemightdependonyourrelationshipwiththespeaker.____38____Anothergreatwaytoshowyourunderstandingisbysummarizingwhatyoujustheardandaskingifyouhavemissedanything.Summarieslikethisshowthespeakerthatyou’retrulytryingtounderstandhim/herratherthanjustwaitingforyourturntotalk.Butwhileagoodconversationrequiresbackandforth,planningoutyourresponsewhilethespeakeristalkingisacommonwaytomisswhat’sbeingsaid.____39____Thismightfeelembarrassing,butaskingforclarificationactually