2022年山東省菏澤市高二下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題

2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必將姓名、班級(jí)等個(gè)人信息填寫(xiě)在答題卡指定位置。3.考生作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；非選擇題請(qǐng)用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的、答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無(wú)效。第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AJourneytoAntarcticaDiscovertheAntarctic,whereendlesswhitemountainsrolltothehorizonandmassiveicebergsintothesea.Here,naturalattractions:penguinsalongtheshore,whalesbreakingthewater’ssurface,goingaroundenormousicebergs,walkingalongbeacheswithpenguinsandsealsonice.Travelwithateamofscientistsaboardthestate-of-the-artNationalGeographicExplorer,thefinestexpeditionshipontheseawhichaccommodates148guests:eachroomwithoutsideviews,privatebathroomsandmodernfurnishings.ActivityLevelTravelerscanchooselightormoderateactivitiesthroughoutthetrip.Theyshouldbeingoodhealthandcomfortablewalkingorstandingforextendedperiodsoftime.Dailyactivitiesmayincludevisitstosites,gamedrives,andeasyhikes,withoptionseachdayformorephysicalactivitiessuchashiking,kayaking,orbiking.ServiceLevelTheexpeditionsareledbyaNationalGeographicexpert,anexpeditionteam,ortopguides,andtapintoNationalGeographic’sworldwideresourcestoallowforin-depthexplorationandspecialaccesstosites.Theyarefullyplanned,withsomefreetime.Theshipcarriesupdatedvideoequipmentthatallowsaccesstotheunderwaterworld.Publicareasincludeabar,alibrary,aspa,afitnesscenter,asauna,andaselectionofdiningoptionsthatofferregionallyinspiredcuisineusingfresh,localingredients.Servicesincludeafull-timedoctor,awellnessspecialist,andanInternetcafe.DatesNov.27-Dec.10,2022AccommodationsDoubleSingle$5,000PerPerson$7,500PerPersonSpecialOffers2022Polar:forgroupsoffourormore,20%off;students,20%off.ValidfornewbookingsmadebyOctober31,2022.Call1-888-966-8687fordetails.1.Whatcantouristsdoduringthejourney?A.Swimintheseawithwhales. B.Researchonmassiveicebergs.C.Climbrollinggreenmountains. D.Getclosetolovelypolarcreatures.2.Whatisavailableintermsoftheservice?A.Apart-timedoctorforhealth. B.Wellprepareddishesinlocalrestaurants.C.ProfessionalguidetoAntarcticexploration. D.Specialassistancefortouristsinwheelchairs.3.Howmuchwouldacouplewithachildatjuniorhighschoolpayforthejourney?A.12,500. B.14,000. C.16,000. D.17,500.【答案】1.D2.C3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了跟隨科學(xué)家乘坐國(guó)家地理探索者號(hào)進(jìn)行南極之旅的相關(guān)事項(xiàng)和信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Here,naturalattractions:penguinsalongtheshore,whalesbreakingthewater’ssurface,goingaroundenormousicebergs,walkingalongbeacheswithpenguinsandsealsonice.(這里有無(wú)數(shù)的自然景觀：沿海岸的企鵝，沖破水面的鯨魚(yú)，繞行巨大的冰山，與企鵝和海豹在冰上沿著海灘散步)”可知，游客在旅途中可以親近可愛(ài)的極地生物。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ServiceLevel部分中“TheexpeditionsareledbyaNationalGeographicexpert,anexpeditionteam,ortopguides,andtapintoNationalGeographic’sworldwideresourcestoallowforin-depthexplorationandspecialaccesstosites.(考察隊(duì)由國(guó)家地理雜志的專家、考察隊(duì)或頂級(jí)向?qū)ьI(lǐng)，利用國(guó)家地理雜志的全球資源進(jìn)行深入探索和特殊訪問(wèn))”可知，在南極探險(xiǎn)服務(wù)方面，有專家提供專業(yè)指導(dǎo)。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Accommodations部分“Double$5,000PerPersonSingle$7,500PerPerson(兩人每人5000美元單人每人7500美元)”和SpecialOffers部分中“students,20%off(學(xué)生，20%折扣)”可知，兩個(gè)大人需要5000×2=10000美元；一個(gè)學(xué)生需要7500×(1-20%)=6000美元。合計(jì)16,000美元。故選C項(xiàng)。BYes,studycomeshardtoyou,mydearEnrico,asyourmothersays.IdonotyetseeyousetoutforschoolwiththatdeterminedmindandthatsmilingfacewhichIshouldlike.Youarestillstubborn.Butlisten;reflectalittle!Whatamiserablethingyourdaywouldbeifyoudidnotgotoschool!Attheendofaweekyouwouldbegwithtearsthatyoumightreturnthere,foryouwouldbeeatenupwithboredomandshame;disgustedwithyoursportsandwithyourexistence.Everybody,everybodystudiesnow,mychild.Thinkoftheworkmenwhogotoschoolintheeveningafterhavingworkedhardalltheday;thinkofthewomen,ofthegirls,ofthepeople,whogotoschoolonSunday,afterhavingworkedalltheweek;ofthesoldierswhoturntotheirbooksandcopy-bookswhentheyreturnexhaustedfromtheirdrill!Thinkofthedumbandoftheboyswhoareblind,butwhostudy,nevertheless.Thinkoftheinnumerableboyswho,atnearlythisprecisehour,aregoingtoschoolinallcountries.Beholdthemwithyourimagination,alone,incouples,ingroups,inlonglines,allwiththeirbooksundertheirarms,dressedinathousandways,speakingathousandtongues,fromthemostremoteschoolsinRussiaalmostlostintheicetothefurthermostschoolsofArabia,shadedbypalm-trees,millionsandmillions,allgoingtolearnthesamethings,inahundredvariedforms.Imaginethisvast,vastcrowdofboysofahundredraces,thisgreatmovementofwhichyouformapart,andthink,ifthismovementweretocease,humanitywouldfallbackintobarbarism(野蠻);thismovementistheprogress,thehope,thegloryoftheworld.Courage,then,littlesoldieroftheimmense(龐大的)army.Yourbooksareyourarms,yourclassisyoursquadron(中隊(duì)),thefieldofbattleisthewholeearth,andthevictoryishumancivilization.Benotacowardlysoldier,myEnrico.4.WhatdoweknowaboutEnrico?A.Hedislikessports. B.Heisgoodatself-reflection.C.Hefeelsashamedofhimself. D.Heisunwillingtogotoschool.5.Whydoesthefathermentionsomanypeopleinparagraph2?A.Topresentafact. B.Toclarifyaconcept. C.Tomakeaprediction. D.Tosupportanargument.6.What’sthefundamentaltuneofthetext?A.Annoying. B.Inspiring. C.Worrying. D.Relaxing.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexpressafather’scomplaints. B.Tostresstheimportanceofeducation.C.TopersuadeEnricotovaluehisstudy. D.Topromotetheparent-childrelationship.【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章摘自世界名著《愛(ài)的教育》，是Enrico父母寫(xiě)給不愿意去上學(xué)的Enrico的信，讓他珍惜學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“IdonotyetseeyousetoutforschoolwiththatdeterminedmindandthatsmilingfacewhichIshouldlike.(我還沒(méi)有看到你像我所希望的那樣意志堅(jiān)定，帶著微笑去學(xué)校)”可知，Enrico不愿意去上學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。第二段首句“Everybody,everybodystudiesnow,mychild.(每個(gè)人，現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都在學(xué)習(xí)，我的孩子)”指出每個(gè)人都在學(xué)習(xí)，下文“Thinkoftheworkmenwhogotoschoolintheeveningafterhavingworkedhardalltheday;thinkofthewomen,ofthegirls,ofthepeople,whogotoschoolonSunday,afterhavingworkedalltheweek;ofthesoldierswhoturntotheirbooksandcopy-bookswhentheyreturnexhaustedfromtheirdrill!Thinkofthedumbandoftheboyswhoareblind,butwhostudy,nevertheless.Thinkoftheinnumerableboyswho,atnearlythisprecisehour,aregoingtoschoolinallcountries.(想想工人們辛苦勞作一天后，晚上還去學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)；想想婦女和普通百姓家的女孩們，她們勞動(dòng)了一周，星期日還去上學(xué)；想想那些士兵，他們筋疲力盡地從操練場(chǎng)上回來(lái)，還照樣看書(shū)做作業(yè)；想想那些說(shuō)不了話、雙目失明的孩子，他們卻也仍在學(xué)習(xí)。想想世界各地?cái)?shù)不盡數(shù)的孩子們，就在這一時(shí)刻，也正在趕往學(xué)校的路上)”通過(guò)提到不同的人都在學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)支持上文的觀點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段中“Courage,then,littlesoldieroftheimmense(龐大的)army.(那么，鼓足勇氣吧，這支大軍中的小戰(zhàn)士)”及“Benotacowardlysoldier,myEnrico.(不要做膽怯的士兵，我的Enrico)”可知，文章是鼓勵(lì)不愿意去上學(xué)的Enrico，全文是鼓舞人心的基調(diào)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whatamiserablethingyourdaywouldbeifyoudidnotgotoschool!(如果你不到學(xué)校里去，你每天要怎樣地悲慘啊)”及第二段中“Imaginethisvast,vastcrowdofboysofahundredraces,thisgreatmovementofwhichyouformapart,andthink,ifthismovementweretocease,humanitywouldfallbackintobarbarism(野蠻);thismovementistheprogress,thehope,thegloryoftheworld.(想象一下這個(gè)由上百個(gè)種族的孩子組成的龐大的群體，這個(gè)浩浩蕩蕩的行動(dòng)大軍，而你也是其中的一員；想一想，如果這個(gè)行動(dòng)停止了，人類將會(huì)退回到野蠻的狀態(tài)。這個(gè)行動(dòng)是世界的進(jìn)步、希望和榮耀)”可知，本文是父母寫(xiě)給不愿意去上學(xué)的Enrico信，目的是說(shuō)服Enrico珍惜自己的學(xué)習(xí)。故選C項(xiàng)。CAtPhoenixBikes,anon-profitbicycleshopandeducationalcenter,studentsarelearningtheirABCs.Thatstandsfortheair,brakes,andchainofbasicbikemechanics.PhoenixBikessellsbikestothepublicattheirbusinessinArlington,Virginia.Butitalsoteachesteenagershowtorepairbikes.MoststudentsatPhoenixstartinitsafter-school“earn-a-bikeprogram”,atmiddleandhighschoolsinandaroundArlingtonCounty.Onceaweekovera12-weekperiod,studentslearnrepairskills.Thefirstlessonistostripthebike.Bydoingthis,theylearnallthepartsofabike.Inthefirstweeks,theyworkinsmallgroupstorepairabikedonatedtotheshop.Thebikesoftenhavemissingordamagedparts.Thefinishedbikeisthengiventoapersoninneedfromthecommunity.PhoenixBikesdirectorEmilyGagesaidtheshoppartnerswithseverallocalorganizationstodonatethebikes.Somebikeshavebeengoingtothepoorinthearea.Inthelastfourweeksoftheprogram,studentscometotheshoptoworkononeofthedonatedbikeswhichtheycanthentakehomeatnocost.Somestudentswhofinishthe12-weekprogramgoontoahigher-levelbikemechanicsclass.Someracebikesfortheshop’sracingteam.Andothersstaytovolunteeratthestoreandfixmorebikestogiveaway.Jimenez-Galindosaidhehopestoreturntotheshoptofixbikesforthecommunityandcontinuetolearn.Whatishisfavoritepartoftheexperience?Justthejoy,thesatisfactionthatIgetafterit’sdone.Thatnowit’sfullycomplete,andit’sactuallyabikeinsteadofwhatwasahusk(空架)ofone."8.Whatdoesthe“earn-a-bikeprogram”aimtodo?A.Tomakeprofitsfortheshop. B.Totrainstudentsforgettingjobs.C.Togiveawaybikestopeopleinneed. D.Toattractstudentstolearnrepairskills.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strip”meaninthesecondparagraph?A.Takeapart. B.Fittogether. C.Fixup. D.Testout.10.WhydoesJimenez-Galindohopetoreturntotheshop?A.Torepairbikesforthecommunity. B.Tojointheshop’sracingteam.C.Tofinishthe12-weekprogram. D.Togetthesenseofsatisfaction.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PhoenixBikes,asecond-handbikeshop. B.PhoenixBikes,anunusualbikeshop.C.PhoenixBikes,ahomeforbikelovers. D.PhoenixBikes,agreatplacetofixbikes.【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了非營(yíng)利自行車店和教育中心PhoenixBikes開(kāi)展“自行車賺錢計(jì)劃”，不僅教會(huì)青少年如何修理自行車，還把修理好的自行車捐給需要的人?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Butitalsoteachesteenagershowtorepairbikes.(但它也教會(huì)青少年如何修理自行車)”和第二段中的“MoststudentsatPhoenixstartinitsafter-school“earn-a-bikeprogram”,atmiddleandhighschoolsinandaroundArlingtonCounty.Onceaweekovera12-weekperiod,studentslearnrepairskills.Thefirstlessonistostripthebike.Bydoingthis,theylearnallthepartsofabike.(在Phoenix的大多數(shù)學(xué)生在阿靈頓縣及其周邊地區(qū)的中學(xué)和高中開(kāi)始了它的課外“自行車賺錢計(jì)劃”。在12周的時(shí)間里，學(xué)生每周學(xué)習(xí)一次修理技能。第一課是拆卸自行車。通過(guò)這樣做，他們學(xué)習(xí)了自行車的所有部件)”可知，“自行車賺錢計(jì)劃”的目標(biāo)是吸引學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)自行車維修技能。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由第二段中的“Onceaweekovera12-weekperiod,studentslearnrepairskills.Thefirstlessonistostripthebike.Bydoingthis,theylearnallthepartsofabike.(在12周的時(shí)間里，學(xué)生每周學(xué)習(xí)一次修理技能。第一課是strip自行車。通過(guò)這樣做，他們學(xué)習(xí)了自行車的所有部件)”可知，要學(xué)習(xí)自行車修理技能，應(yīng)該先認(rèn)清自行車的所有部件，那只有把自行車拆開(kāi)才能了解每個(gè)部件，strip在此處意為“拆開(kāi)（Takeapart）”。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“Jimenez-Galindosaidhehopestoreturntotheshoptofixbikesforthecommunityandcontinuetolearn.(Jimenez-Galindo說(shuō)，他希望回到商店為社區(qū)修理自行車，并繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí))”可知，Jimenez-Galindo希望回到店里，是因?yàn)樗霝樯鐓^(qū)修理自行車。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段中的“AtPhoenixBikes,anon-profitbicycleshopandeducationalcenter,studentsarelearningtheirABCs.(在非營(yíng)利自行車店和教育中心PhoenixBikes，學(xué)生們正在學(xué)習(xí)ABCs)”，第一段中的“Butitalsoteachesteenagershowtorepairbikes.(但它也教會(huì)青少年如何修理自行車)”和第三段中的“PhoenixBikesdirectorEmilyGagesaidtheshoppartnerswithseverallocalorganizationstodonatethebikes.(PhoenixBikes總監(jiān)艾米麗·蓋奇說(shuō)，該店與多家當(dāng)?shù)亟M織合作捐贈(zèng)自行車)”可知，文章講述了非營(yíng)利自行車店和教育中心PhoenixBikes開(kāi)展“自行車賺錢計(jì)劃”，不僅教會(huì)青少年如何修理自行車，還把修理好的自行車捐給需要的人，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與社會(huì)效益并舉，這家自行車店與其它自行車店不一樣，B項(xiàng)“PhoenixBikes，一個(gè)不尋常的自行車店”符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。DInMay,2022,AmandaBaughan,agraduatestudentspecializinginhuman-computerinteractionattheUniversityofWashington,presentedfindingsfromarecentresearchthatexploredhowsocialmediacausewhatpsychologistscall“dissociation”,orastateofreducedself-reflectionandnarrowedattention.Dissociationisapsychologicalprocessthatcomesinmanyforms.Inthemostcommon,everydaydissociation,yourmindissoabsorbedthatyouaredisconnectedfromyouractions.Forinstance,youcouldbedoingthedishes,startdaydreamingandnotpayattentiontohowyouaredoingthedishes.Oryoumightseekimmersiveexperiences—watchingamovie,readingabookorplayingagamethatpassthetimeandcauseyoutoforgetwhereyouare.Dissociationcanbeapositivething,especiallyifit’sanabsorbingexperience,meaningfulactivityoraneededbreak.Butitcancomeinconflictwithpeople’stimemanagementgoals,aswithsocialmediascrolling.Researchsuggestssocialmediadesignsmakeuslosetrackoftimespentonthem,andthenwefeelupsetwithourselves.Lesssleep,lowerlifesatisfactionandpoorself-esteemarejustafewofthenegativementalhealthconsequences.AmandaBaughansaid,“TikTokhasafunctionthat,everyhour,willtellyouthatyou’vebeenscrollingforawhileandshouldconsiderabreak.OnTwitter,suchfunctionalreadyexists;it’sjustnotthedefaultoption.Ifmorepeoplestartusingthesetools,itcouldconvincethesecompaniestoimprovethem.Asamanusingsocialmedianow,don’tpileabunchofshameontoyoursocialmediahabits;afterall,thousandsofpeopleareemployedtomakeyouscrollyourthumbonthatscreenandkeepyoudoingwhatyou’redoing.Let’sshifttheresponsibilityofdesigningsafeandpleasantexperiencesfromuserstothecompanies.”12.Whatdoestheresearchmainlyfocuson?A.Themethodsofriddingpeopleofscreens.B.Theprocessofpeople’saddictiontosocialmedia.C.Theconsequencecausedbysocialmediascrolling.D.Thefuturedevelopmentofhuman-computerinteraction.13.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyanexampleofdissociation?A.LilychatswithtwocustomersviaWeChatatthesametime.B.Abbylistenstoradioprogramsforhalfanhoureveryevening.C.AndrewabsorbedinreadingHarryPotterforgetsheishavinglunch.D.Lindarecallssportsmovementsshelearnedtheotherdaybutinvain.14.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudeto“dissociation”?A.Negative. B.Objective. C.Positive. D.Cautious.15.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Thecompaniesshouldimprovesocialmediadesigns.B.Thecompaniescanprovidepleasantexperiencesforusers.C.Theuserscansensedissociationbyusingsocialmedia.D.Theusersshouldwiselymakeuseofsocialmediatools.【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究社交媒體刷屏造成后果的研究，該研究探索了社交媒體如何導(dǎo)致心理學(xué)家所說(shuō)的“分離”，或一種自我反思減少和注意力縮小的狀態(tài)，且說(shuō)明了“分離”的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“InMay,2022,AmandaBaughan,agraduatestudentspecializinginhuman-computerinteractionattheUniversityofWashington,presentedfindingsfromarecentresearchthatexploredhowsocialmediacausewhatpsychologistscall“dissociation”,orastateofreducedself-reflectionandnarrowedattention.(2022年5月，華盛頓大學(xué)人機(jī)交互專業(yè)的研究生AmandaBaughan展示了最近一項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，該研究探索了社交媒體如何導(dǎo)致心理學(xué)家所說(shuō)的“分離”，或一種自我反思減少和注意力縮小的狀態(tài))”可知，研究的重點(diǎn)是社交媒體刷屏造成的后果。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Dissociationisapsychologicalprocessthatcomesinmanyforms.Inthemostcommon,everydaydissociation,yourmindissoabsorbedthatyouaredisconnectedfromyouractions.Forinstance,youcouldbedoingthedishes,startdaydreamingandnotpayattentiontohowyouaredoingthedishes.(分離是一種以多種形式出現(xiàn)的心理過(guò)程。在最常見(jiàn)的日常分離中，你的思維太過(guò)專注，以至于與你的行為脫節(jié)。例如，你可能正在洗碗，開(kāi)始做白日夢(mèng)，而沒(méi)有注意到你是如何洗碗的)”可知，C選項(xiàng)“安德魯專心閱讀《哈利波特》，忘記他正在吃午飯”屬于分離的例子。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Dissociationisapsychologicalprocessthatcomesinmanyforms.Inthemostcommon,everydaydissociation,yourmindissoabsorbedthatyouaredisconnectedfromyouractions.(分離是一種以多種形式出現(xiàn)的心理過(guò)程。在最常見(jiàn)的日常分離中，你的思維太過(guò)專注，以至于與你的行為脫節(jié))”以及第三段中“Dissociationcanbeapositivething,especiallyifit’sanabsorbingexperience,meaningfulactivityoraneededbreak.(分離可以是一件積極的事情，特別是如果它是一種吸收經(jīng)驗(yàn)、有意義的活動(dòng)或必要的休息)”可知，作者既描述了“分離”的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也描述了其缺點(diǎn)，由此可推知，作者對(duì)“分離”的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AmandaBaughansaid,“TikTokhasafunctionthat,everyhour,willtellyouthatyou’vebeenscrollingforawhileandshouldconsiderabreak.OnTwitter,suchfunctionalreadyexists;it’sjustnotthedefaultoption.Ifmorepeoplestartusingthesetools,itcouldconvincethesecompaniestoimprovethem.(AmandaBaughan說(shuō)：“TikTok有一個(gè)功能，每小時(shí)都會(huì)告訴你，你已經(jīng)滾動(dòng)了一段時(shí)間，應(yīng)該考慮休息一下。在Twitter上，這樣的功能已經(jīng)存在；這不是默認(rèn)選項(xiàng)。如果更多的人開(kāi)始使用這些工具，就能說(shuō)服這些公司改進(jìn)它們)”可推知，作者在最后一段似乎傳達(dá)的信息是這些公司應(yīng)該改進(jìn)社交媒體設(shè)計(jì)。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ArecentstudyinthejournalMarineEcologyProgressSerieshasagreatinfluencewhenitcomestothequestionofhowsharkswillinteractwithhumansasclimatechangecontinuestoworsen.Itpredictsaworldwherehumansandsharkswillencountermoreoftenthanthepresentcase.Contrarytopopularmediadescriptionsthatspeakillofsharks,humanswillnotbeinthatmuchtroublewhenthishappens.____16____,inwhichmillionsofinnocentsharksarethebiglosersduetohumanactivitybeyondtheircontrol.First,let’sexplorewhysharksandhumanswillprobablyberunningintoeachother’sworldmoreoften.Onereasonisthefieldofurbanecologyand,specifically,howdifferentspeciesrespondwhentheycomeacrosshumans.____17____;thinkofraccoons(浣熊)thatsearchforfoodfromrubbishandpigeons(鴿子)thatstayonstatuesinmajorcitiesallovertheplanet.Ontheotherhand,thereareurbanavoiders,oranimalsthatavoidmajorcitiesoutofself-protection;____18____Theresearchersinitiallybelievedthatsharkswouldalsobeurbanavoiders.____19____.Scientistslearnedthatspaceusepatternsoftrackedsharkswereconsistentwiththatofurbanadapters.____20____.Thereality,however,isthathumanshavedrivensharkstotheedgeofextinctionwhilesharkattacksonpeopleremainquiterare.Humansarenotsharks’preferredprey(獵物),andthelikelihoodofincreasedhuman-sharkinteractionscausesfarmoreofathreattosharksthantohumans.A.Surprisingly,that’snotthecaseBItwillinsteadbeaheartbreakingtragedyC.HumanshavealonglastingfearagainstsharksD.Therefore,theythinkthesharkswon’tgettooclosetousELargeanimalslikewolvesandmountainlionsfallintothiscategoryF.TigersandlionsaresodangerousthatwekeepthemawayfromourcitiesG.Ifaspeciesthinksitsmemberscangetalongjustgreatwithus,theyareknownasurbanadapters【答案】16.B17.G18.E19.A20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了為什么隨著氣候變化繼續(xù)惡化，鯊魚(yú)和人類可能會(huì)更頻繁地闖入對(duì)方的世界。【16題詳解】B選項(xiàng)“相反，這將是一場(chǎng)令人心碎的悲劇”與上文“Contrarytopopularmediadescriptionsthatspeakillofsharks,humanswillnotbeinthatmuchtroublewhenthishappens.(與大眾媒體描述的鯊魚(yú)壞話相反，當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，人類不會(huì)有那么多麻煩)”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，講述與上文相反的情況，引出下文“inwhichmillionsofinnocentsharksarethebiglosersduetohumanactivitybeyondtheircontrol(由于人類活動(dòng)超出其控制范圍，數(shù)百萬(wàn)無(wú)辜鯊魚(yú)成為最大的輸家)”鯊魚(yú)將面臨的悲慘境地。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】G選項(xiàng)“如果一個(gè)物種認(rèn)為它的成員可以與我們相處得很好，那么它們被稱為城市適應(yīng)者”承接上文“Onereasonisthefieldofurbanecologyand,specifically,howdifferentspeciesrespondwhentheycomeacrosshumans.(一個(gè)原因是城市生態(tài)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，特別是不同物種遇到人類時(shí)的反應(yīng))”講某個(gè)物種遇到人類的可能反應(yīng)，G選項(xiàng)中“urbanadapters(城市適應(yīng)者)”對(duì)應(yīng)下文“Ontheotherhand,thereareurbanavoiders,oranimalsthatavoidmajorcitiesoutofself-protection(另一方面，有城市回避者，或出于自我保護(hù)而避開(kāi)大城市的動(dòng)物)”中的“urbanavoiders(城市回避者)”。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】E選項(xiàng)“像狼和山獅這樣的大型動(dòng)物屬于這一類”承接上文“Ontheotherhand,thereareurbanavoiders,oranimalsthatavoidmajorcitiesoutofself-protection(另一方面，有城市回避者，或出于自我保護(hù)而避開(kāi)大城市的動(dòng)物)”具體舉例狼和山獅，說(shuō)明避開(kāi)大城市的城市回避型動(dòng)物。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】A選項(xiàng)“令人驚訝的是，事實(shí)并非如此”與上文“Theresearchersinitiallybelievedthatsharkswouldalsobeurbanavoiders.(研究人員最初認(rèn)為鯊魚(yú)也會(huì)成為城市回避者)”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表明鯊魚(yú)并非城市回避者，引出下文“Scientistslearnedthatspaceusepatternsoftrackedsharkswereconsistentwiththatofurbanadapters.(科學(xué)家們了解到，被追蹤鯊魚(yú)的空間使用模式與城市適應(yīng)者的一致)”講明鯊魚(yú)其實(shí)是城市適應(yīng)者。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】C選項(xiàng)“人類對(duì)鯊魚(yú)有著持久的恐懼”與下文“Thereality,however,isthathumanshavedrivensharkstotheedgeofextinctionwhilesharkattacksonpeopleremainquiterare.Humansarenotsharks’preferredprey(獵物),andthelikelihoodofincreasedhuman-sharkinteractionscausesfarmoreofathreattosharksthantohumans.(然而，現(xiàn)實(shí)是，人類已經(jīng)將鯊魚(yú)逼到了滅絕的邊緣，而鯊魚(yú)襲擊人類的事件仍然相當(dāng)罕見(jiàn)。人類不是鯊魚(yú)的首選獵物，人與鯊魚(yú)互動(dòng)增加的可能性對(duì)鯊魚(yú)的威脅遠(yuǎn)大于對(duì)人類的威脅)”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表明人類雖害怕鯊魚(yú)，但對(duì)鯊魚(yú)造成威脅的反而是人類，突出一種強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比感。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afterfinishinghighschoolandbeforegoingontofurthereducationortheworldofwork,therewillbeabreakoverthesummer.Usingthisbreakwiselycanbevery____21____.Solet’stakealookatsomesummerbreak____22____.WorkingTheworldofworkcanfeelmorestressfulthanschool,butitdefinitelyhasits____23____.Somepeopleworkduringtheirbreaktogetvaluableworkexperience.Findinga____24____workinacompanywill____25____yousomegreatexperience,andyoumayevenbeabletoreturntothecompanyinthefuture.VolunteeringBeingavolunteerusually____26____doingimportantworkintheserviceofothers.Volunteeringisoftenquitechallenging,butit’sanextremelyworthwhileexperienceto____27____society.Trytovolunteerinafieldthatyouareinterestedin,asthismayhelpyour____28____career.TravellingTravellingwillbuildyourconfidenceandincreaseyour____29____.Butwhyistravelsoimportant?Forcenturies,famouswritersandthinkershavewrittenabouttheimportanceoftravel.Travel____30____greatstories,photos,andfriends.Italsogivesyouafresh____31____onwhereyouarefrom.Althoughitdoescostmoney,itisanexperiencewhichbuildsyour____32____andgivesyoutimetothinkanddevelop.Thesummerbreakshouldbeseenasa(n)____33____partofyoureducation.Youcanlearnabouttheworld,adultlife,and,most____34____,yourself,anditcouldpossibly____35____greatchangesinyourlife.21.A.beneficial B.urgent C.difficult D.complex22.A.trends B.methods C.options D.events23.A.rewards B.features C.results D.activities24.A.permanent B.temporary C.easy D.moderate25.A.equip B.share C.maintain D.gain26.A.means B.considers C.permits D.risks27.A.givebackto B.reactto C.escapefrom D.keepoff28.A.splendid B.present C.future D.humble29.A.pressure B.knowledge C.resolution D.difficulty30.A.sticksto B.turnsto C.leadsto D.switchesto31.A.course B.motive C.beginning D.perspective32.A.character B.fame C.appearance D.freedom33.A.developed B.devoted C.addicted D.extended34.A.frequently B.fortunately C.importantly D.incredibly35.A.undergo B.cause C.demand D.prevent【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D26.A27.A28.C29.B30.C31.D32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，明智地利用高中畢業(yè)后的暑假有極大的好處，文章主要講述了這期間可以做的事情，包括工作、做志愿者和旅行?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：明智地利用這段休息時(shí)間是非常有益的。A.beneficial有益的；B.urgent緊急的；C.difficult困難的；D.complex復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容及最后一段中“Youcanlearnabouttheworld,adultlife(你可以了解這個(gè)世界，成年人的生活)”可知，好好利用高中畢業(yè)后的暑假是非常有益的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以讓我們來(lái)看看一些暑假的選擇。A.trends趨勢(shì)；B.methods方法；C.options選擇；D.events事件，賽事。由下文Working、Volunteering和Travelling可知，這些是暑假期間可以選擇做的事情，故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：職場(chǎng)可能比學(xué)校更有壓力，但它肯定有它的回報(bào)。A.rewards獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，回報(bào)；B.features特點(diǎn)；C.results結(jié)果；D.activities活動(dòng)。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but及下一句“Somepeopleworkduringtheirbreaktogetvaluableworkexperience.(有些人在他們的休息時(shí)間工作來(lái)獲得寶貴的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，職場(chǎng)雖然比學(xué)校更有壓力，但是也有回報(bào)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在一家公司找一份臨時(shí)工作可以讓你獲得很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)，甚至將來(lái)你還能回到那家公司工作。A.permanent永久的；B.temporary臨時(shí)的；C.easy容易的；D.moderate普通的，中等的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及下文“andyoumayevenbeabletoreturntothecompanyinthefuture”可知，暑假期間應(yīng)是找臨時(shí)工作。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在一家公司找一份臨時(shí)工作可以讓你獲得很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)，甚至將來(lái)你還能回到那家公司工作。A.equip配備，裝備；B.share分享；C.maintain維持，保持；D.gain獲得，贏得。根據(jù)上文的“…getvaluableworkexperience”可知，此處gain和get同義，指“獲得工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：成為一名志愿者通常意味著為他人做重要的服務(wù)工作。A.means意味著；B.considers考慮；C.permits批準(zhǔn)，許可；D.risks冒險(xiǎn)?？蘸笫墙忉屩驹刚叩暮x，mean符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：志愿服務(wù)往往是相當(dāng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，但它是一個(gè)回饋社會(huì)非常值得的經(jīng)歷。A.givebackto回饋，歸還；B.reactto對(duì)……有反應(yīng)；C.escapefrom從……逃跑；D.keepoff（使）不接近。結(jié)合上文“doingimportantworkintheserviceofothers”及語(yǔ)境可知，做志愿者是為別人服務(wù)，所以是回饋社會(huì)非常有價(jià)值的經(jīng)歷。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：嘗試在你感興趣的領(lǐng)域做志愿者，因?yàn)檫@可能對(duì)你未來(lái)的職業(yè)生涯有幫助。A.splendid壯麗的；B.present目前的，現(xiàn)存的；C.future將來(lái)的；D.humble謙虛的。本文是講述高中畢業(yè)后的暑假活動(dòng)，所以此處指“對(duì)未來(lái)的職業(yè)有幫助”，故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：旅行會(huì)建立你的信心，增加你的知識(shí)。A.pressure壓力；B.knowledge知識(shí)；C.resolution決議，決心；D.difficulty困難。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)可知，旅行會(huì)讓人增長(zhǎng)見(jiàn)識(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：旅行會(huì)帶來(lái)精彩的故事、照片和朋友。A.sticksto堅(jiān)持；B.turnsto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于；C.leadsto導(dǎo)致（某種結(jié)果），引起；D.switchesto切換到，轉(zhuǎn)到。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及下一句“Italsogivesyou…”可知，此處指旅行會(huì)帶來(lái)精彩的故事、照片和朋友，空后表示結(jié)果。故選C項(xiàng)。31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它也會(huì)讓你以一個(gè)全新的視角審視自己從何處來(lái)。A.course課程；B.motive動(dòng)機(jī)；C.beginning開(kāi)始，開(kāi)端；D.perspective視角，觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，旅行會(huì)讓人了解其他各地，從而對(duì)自己的家鄉(xiāng)有更深的理解，可以從一個(gè)全新的視角理解家鄉(xiāng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然它需要花錢，但它是一種塑造你的性格，給你時(shí)間去思考和發(fā)展的經(jīng)歷。A.character性格；B.fame名譽(yù)；C.appearance外表；D.freedom自由。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)可知，旅行是一種經(jīng)歷，可以塑造人的性格，故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：暑假應(yīng)該被看作是你教育的延伸部分。A.developed發(fā)達(dá)的；B.devoted熱衷的，忠誠(chéng)的；C.addicted上癮的；D.extended擴(kuò)展的，延長(zhǎng)的。根據(jù)下一句“Youcanlearnabouttheworld,adultlife(你可以了解這個(gè)世界，成年人的生活)”可知，暑假可以讓人學(xué)到知識(shí)，所以是教育的延伸部分，故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你可以了解這個(gè)世界，成年人的生活，最重要的是，你自己，它可能會(huì)給你的生活帶來(lái)巨大的變化。A.frequently頻繁地，經(jīng)常；B.fortunately幸運(yùn)地；C.importantly重要地；D.incredibly難以置信地。mostimportantly更重要的是，固定短語(yǔ)。此處指不僅了解這個(gè)世界，更重要的是讓你了解自己。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你可以了解這個(gè)世界，成年人的生活，最重要的是，你自己，它可能會(huì)給你的生活帶來(lái)巨大的變化。A.undergo經(jīng)歷；B.cause造成，引起；C.demand強(qiáng)烈要求，需要；D.prevent阻止。結(jié)合上文可知，暑假可以讓人了解世界和成年人的生活和自己，可能會(huì)引起生活的巨大變化，故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）根據(jù)句中漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)單詞的正確形式。36.OurgoalistodisplaytheChinese________(藝術(shù)的)geniusfromancienttimes.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】artistic【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我們的目標(biāo)是展示中國(guó)古代的藝術(shù)天才。形容詞artistic(藝術(shù)的)作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞genius。故填artistic。37.Iget________(使恢復(fù)精力)throughclimbingandgettomeetnewfriends.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě)）【答案】refreshed【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：爬山讓我精神抖擻，結(jié)識(shí)新朋友。根據(jù)中文提示“使恢復(fù)精力”以及上文Iget可知，此處填refreshed作表語(yǔ)。故填refreshed。38.Withthese________(運(yùn)動(dòng))ineffect,China’swaterwaysareheadingtowardsacleanandsustainablefuture.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】campaigns【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：隨著這些行動(dòng)的實(shí)施，中國(guó)的水道正在走向清潔和可持續(xù)的未來(lái)。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，campaign運(yùn)動(dòng)，名詞，符合題意；由空前these可知，空處名詞需用復(fù)數(shù)作賓語(yǔ)。故填campaigns。39.Iwas________(熱心的)abouttheideaofgoingalongwiththem.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】enthusiastic【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：我對(duì)和他們一起去的想法很熱心。形容詞enthusiastic(熱心的)作表語(yǔ)。故填enthusiastic。40.Haikuhasaformatofthreelines,containing5,7,and5syllables________(分別).(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】respectively【解析】【詳解】考查副詞。句意：俳句有三行的格式，分別包含5、7和5個(gè)音節(jié)。副詞respectively(分別)作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞contain。故填respectively。41.Shehadan________(預(yù)約)topainthernails,andthenshewentintoanexpensiveclothesshop.(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě))【答案】appointment【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：她約好要涂指甲，然后她走進(jìn)一家高檔服裝店。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，appointment預(yù)約，名詞，符合題意；由空前an可知，空處名詞需用單數(shù)。故填appointment。42.Thekangaroohasawide________(分布)throughoutAustralia.（根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫(xiě)）【答案】distribution【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意袋鼠在澳大利亞分布廣泛。根據(jù)中文提示“分布”上文awide可知，此處需填名詞distribution作賓語(yǔ)。故填distribution。43.MerchantsfromChinaandmanyotherpl