譯林版高中英語選擇性必修第四冊UNIT1 Period4課件

Period4

UNIT1

Honestyandresponsibility主題語境人與自我——優(yōu)秀品行，正確的人生態(tài)度，公民義務與社會責任課時學案單元語法講練(Grammarandusage)resign(one'spost)as...

辭去……職務resignoneselfto(doing)sth．

聽任(某種影響)；

只好接受(做)某事；順從1．resignvt．&vi．辭職，辭去[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Hehadresignedhimselfto________(watch)theEuropeanChampionshipsontelevision．②Heresigned__HomeSecretaryandreturnedtothebackbenches．③我們只好接受銷售造成的虧損。Wehadto_____________________________onthesale．watchingasresignourselvestomakingaloss(1)beashamedof(doing)sth．

因(做了)某事而感到羞愧

beashamedtodosth．

恥于做某事；

因難為情而不愿做某事beashamedthat... 對……感到羞愧/尷尬

(2)shamen．

羞恥；慚愧；讓人遺憾的事(3)shamefuladj．

可恥的，丟臉的shamelessadj．

無恥的2．a(chǎn)shamedadj．慚愧，羞愧，尷尬[即學即練]單句語法填空/一句多譯①Shewasashamedof__________________(fail)intheexamination．②Shewasashamed_______(tell)anyonethatshehadfailedintheexam．③Itisashame____youcan'tstaywithus．havingfailed/failingtotellthat④我是如此羞愧，以至于我感到心如刀絞，眼淚模糊了我的雙眼。a．Iwas____________________asifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart，tearscloudingmyeyes．(so...that)b．_______________________asifaknifewerebeingtwistedinmyheart，tearscloudingmyeyes．(so...that句型的倒裝形式)soashamedthatIfeltSoashamedwasIthatIfelt(1)forgivesb．sth．

原諒某人某事forgivesb．for(doing)sth．

因(做)某事原諒某人forgiveandforget 既往不咎(2)forgivenessn．

原諒；寬恕3．forgivevt．&vi．原諒，寬恕；免除(債務)[即學即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Forgivemefor____________(interrupt)，butIreallydon'tagreewiththat．②Theywentdownontheirkneesandbeggedfor_________(forgive)．③我永遠都不會原諒你對我所做的事。Iwillnever________________________________________．interruptingforgivenessforgiveyouforwhatyouhavedonetomepretendtodosth．

假裝做某事pretendtobe＋n．

自詡/自稱/自認為……pretendtobedoingsth．

假裝正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth．

假裝做了某事pretendthat... 假裝……4．pretendvi．&vt．假裝；裝扮，扮作；自詡，自認為[即學即練]單句語法填空/一句多譯①Shepretendedto___________(study)whenhermothercameback．②Theboypretendedto___________(fall)asleepwhenhisfathercameback．bestudyinghavefallen③當我們在街上相遇時，她假裝不認識我，這使我很難過，以至于淚水模糊了我的眼睛。a．She________________________________whenwemetinthestreet，whichmademesofrustratedthattearsblurredmyeyes．(賓語從句)b．She_______________________whenwemetinthestreet，whichmademesofrustratedthattearsblurredmyeyes．(不定式)pretended(that)shedidn'tknowmepretendednottoknowme狀語從句一、狀語從句概述定義狀語從句用作狀語，是起副詞作用的句子。位置狀語從句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，時間、條件、原因和讓步狀語從句放在句首時需要用逗號和主句隔開。分類根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、讓步、結(jié)果、方式和比較等狀語從句。作用它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。二、狀語從句詳解1．時間狀語從句(1)when，while，as引導時間狀語從句when從句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性動詞，主從句動作可以同時發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。while從句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞，強調(diào)主從句動作同時發(fā)生。as從句謂語動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞。主從句動作同時發(fā)生或交替進行，意為“一邊……，一邊……；隨著……”。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived．我們到達時，天正在下雨。WhileJohnwaswatchingTV，hiswifewasreadingbooks．約翰在看電視的時候，他的妻子正在看書。Ashegrewolder，hebecamelessactive．隨著他逐漸長大，他變得不那么活潑了。(2)after，before引導時間狀語從句after和before表示的是兩個時間或兩個事件之間的先后關系。after引導的從句的動作通常發(fā)生在主句動作之前，如果主句用過去時，從句要用過去完成時。before引導的從句的動作通常發(fā)生在主句動作之后，如果從句是過去時，主句一般要用過去完成時。before表示“在……之前；還未……就……；趁著”，常用于以下句型中：Itwillbelongbefore...要過好久才……Itwillnotbelongbefore...過不了多久就……Itwaslongbefore...過了好久才……Itwasnotlongbefore...過了不久就……Afterhehadworkedinthefactoryfortenyears，hewentabroad．他在這家工廠工作了10年后就出國了。MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived．我父親剛好在信到之前去加拿大了。Itwon'tbelongbeforeweknowtheresultoftheexperiment．我們很快就會知道實驗結(jié)果。(3)since引導時間狀語從句since引導時間狀語從句時，當從句謂語動詞用一般過去時時，主句的謂語一般用現(xiàn)在完成時。IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft．自從你離開以來，我一直在北京。(4)until/till/not...until引導時間狀語從句till和until一般情況下可以互換(till一般不放句首)，但是在強調(diào)句型中多用until。要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil/tillitwastwelveo'clock．他一直等他父親到十二點。Tomcannotgotothecinemauntilhefinishescleaningthebicycle．湯姆要把自行車擦干凈才能去看電影。(5)表示“一……就……”的連詞或短語引導的時間狀語從句①該類引導詞有：assoonas，themoment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly等。②在hardly...when...，nosooner...than...結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過去完成時，when或than所在的從句用一般過去時。Thenewbuildingprogrammewillgoaheadassoonasthegovernmentreleasesthefunds．政府一旦釋放資金，新的建設計劃就會開始實施。Wehadhardly/nosoonergottothedestinationwhen/thanwesetouttodosomevolunteerworkthere．＝Hardly/Nosoonerhadwegottothedestinationwhen/thanwesetouttodosomevolunteerworkthere．我們一到達目的地，就開始做一些志愿者工作。(6)其他連接詞引導的時間狀語從句everytime/eachtime(每次)，(the)nexttime(下次)，anytime(隨時)，(the)lasttime(上次)，thefirsttime(第一次)，bythetime(當……的時候)ThefirsttimeIheardofStephenHawking，Iwasmovedbyhisdevotiontotheresearch．當我第一次聽說斯蒂芬·霍金時，我就被他對研究的奉獻所感動。Bythetimeyoucomeback，we'llhavecompletedtheproject．到你回來的時候，我們將已完成這項工程。[即時訓練1]單句語法填空①Thetrainhadleft

hehadtimetodashintotakebackhisbag．②Ithasbeentenweeks

hepostedhisapplicationformtothecompany；however，hehasn'tgotanyreply．③Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe

thecarfactorylaunchesanewmodel?④Thelittlegirlwasabouttogotoschool

somethingserioushappenedtoher．beforesincebeforewhen2．地點狀語從句where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語氣較強，多用于書面語。同時地點狀語從句在句首時常兼有抽象條件意味。Whensolvingtheproblemasecondtime，you'dbetterbemorecarefulwhereyoumadeamistake．再次解決這個問題時，你最好在上次出錯的地方更仔細一些。Whereverhegoes，hereadilyaccommodatestonewcircumstances．無論到哪兒，他都能隨即適應新環(huán)境。3．原因狀語從句(1)because用來回答why的提問，語氣最強，一般放在主句之后。Hewenttoabigcitybecausehewantedtomakehisfortune．他去了一個大城市，因為他想發(fā)財。(2)since/nowthat表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；as引導的從句常放在句首，說明次要的原因，主句說明結(jié)果，常用于口語中。4．讓步狀語從句(1)引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有：although，though，while(盡管，雖然)，evenif/though，whether...or...，疑問詞＋-ever與nomatter＋疑問詞等。Evenifitshouldraintomorrow，wewillcontinueourwork．即使明天下雨，我們也要繼續(xù)工作。Whetheryougoornot，Iwillgotovisitmyteacher．不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老師。Whatever/Nomatterwhatyouwanttodo，pleaselookbeforeyouleap．不管你想做什么事，請三思而后行。(2)as引導的讓步狀語從句需采用部分倒裝，有時though引導的讓步狀語從句也采用部分倒裝。Childasheis，heknowsalotaboutthehistoryofChina．雖然他只是個孩子，但是他懂得許多中國歷史方面的知識。(注意child前不用冠詞)Youngthoughheis，heknowshowtodealwithsuchathing．他雖然年輕，但懂得如何處理這件事。[即時訓練2]單句語法填空①________thereisawill，thereisaway．②______________heisyoung，heisexperienced．③_____youarefreetoday，youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics．④Tired_________sheis，shegoesonworking．⑤Youshouldn'tgetangryjust_______somepeoplespeakillofyou．WhereWhile/AlthoughSinceas/thoughbecause5．目的狀語從句(1)sothat/inorderthat引導的目的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動詞can，could等；inorderthat引導的從句可位于主句之前或之后，sothat引導的從句只能位于主句之后。(2)forfearthat(唯恐；以防)與incase引導的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞有時也用should/might/could＋動詞原形。Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeforfearthathisfathermightseehim．男孩躲在樹后，怕他的父親看見他。6．結(jié)果狀語從句(1)sothat引導結(jié)果狀語從句時，從句中一般不用情態(tài)動詞，從句前可加逗號。Hemadeanapologytohisteachersothatsheforgavehim．他向老師道歉，結(jié)果她原諒了他。(2)so...that中so后面跟形容詞或副詞；such...that中such后面跟名詞。Hewassodiscouragedthathegaveupthisprojectintheend．他如此灰心，以至于他最后放棄了這個項目。Jackissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim．＝Jackissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim．杰克是一個非常誠實的工人，我們都相信他。7．條件狀語從句(1)引導條件狀語從句的詞(組)主要有if，unless，so(as)longas，onconditionthat，so(as)faras等。Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean．只要你保持書的整潔，你就可以借。[名師點津]條件狀語從句中的if不能用whether替換。例如：Ifheisnotintheoffice，hemustbeoutforlunch．如果他沒在辦公室，那他一定出去吃午飯了。(2)if和unless的用法區(qū)別if表示正面的條件，意為“如果”；unless表示反向的條件，意為“除非，如果不……”。Ifyou'vegotexamstomorrow，whydon'tyoustudy?如果你明天有考試，你為什么不學習？Thesportsmeetwillbegintomorrowunlessitrains．運動會明天將要開始舉行，除非下雨。(3)given(that)，providing，provided(that)，supposing(that)，suppose(that)，onconditionthat和incase這些連詞(詞組)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在……條件下”等意思。Alllivingthingsrespireaslongastheylive．所有的生物只要活著都要呼吸。Supposing(that)youfailasecondtime，don'tgetdisappointed，buttryagain．假如你又一次失敗了，不要沮喪，再試一次。8．方式狀語從句(1)方式狀語從句常由as，asif(though)，theway，ratherthan等引導。YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou．你必須按照我給你做的示范來鍛煉。Heactedasifnothinghadhappened．他表現(xiàn)得好像什么也沒發(fā)生一樣。(2)as和justas用法區(qū)別二者都表示“如……，猶如……，正如……”。justas比as強調(diào)的語氣更強。Intheearlydays，peoplecouldnotcountaswedonow．在早些時候，人們不和我們現(xiàn)在一樣能計數(shù)。Mostplantsneedsunlightjustastheyneedwater．大部分植物像它們需要水一樣需要陽光。9．比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常用than，so(as)...as等引導。Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave．我犯的錯誤比你多很多。Herunsasfastasacheetah．他跑得跟獵豹一樣快。[即時訓練3]單句語法填空①Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety____ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage．②Youmusttrytoholdthetool__Ido．③Just__wesweepourrooms，weshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds．thatasas用適當?shù)倪B詞完成下面的短文MyclassmateMichaelstudiedveryhard1．_____hewenttoseniorhighschool．Everydayheworked2．__________everyoneelseinourclasslefttheclassroom．Hesaidhewouldn'tstoptrying3．____________hegotsatisfyingscoresinhisstudies．Hard4．_________hetried，hemadelittleprogress，buthedidn'tloseheartatall5．__________hebelievedaslongashepersistedhewouldsucceedoneday．a(chǎn)fteruntil/tillunless/untilas/thoughbecause/as6．__timewentby，hemadeimprovementsinhisstudiesandhewasadmittedtoauniversityinBeijingatlast．Wehadhadaget-togetherparty7．______westartedournewlifeinuniversity．Everyonehadgotoffersfromdifferentuniversities，sowehadaverygoodtime．8．______westood9．_____weusedtoplayandstudy，wecouldn'thelpthinkingofourhappyolddays．Webelievedthatwewouldneverforgeteachother，10．________wewouldgoorwhateverwewoulddo．AsbeforeWhenwherewherever①privilegen．榮幸，特殊利益

vt．給予特權(quán)，特別優(yōu)待②presentvt．(以某種方式)展現(xiàn)，顯示，表現(xiàn)；(口頭或書面)表達，表示③adulthoodn．成年④embracevt．&vi．欣然接受；包含；擁抱⑤phasen．階段，時期課下預習第二篇課文(Extendedreading)⑥instorefor即將發(fā)生的，即將面臨的⑦awell-developedsenseofresponsibility高度的責任感⑧beresponsiblefor對……負責⑨burdenvt．(使)擔負(沉重或艱難的任務、職責等)；負重⑩anchorn．錨；給以安全感的人(或物)vi．&vt．拋錨；使固定?mercyn．仁慈，寬恕atthemercyofsb．/sth．任……處置，對……無能為力?likewiseadv．同樣地；也，而且?take...seriously認真對待……?deadlinen．最后期限，截止日期?guidancen．指導；導航followsb．'sguidance遵從某人的指導?gofarbeyond遠遠超過……，遠遠不止……?encountervt．遭遇；遇到(尤指令人不快或困難的事)?gowrong(情況)出岔子，出差錯?insteadof而不是?faultn．過錯，責任；弱點，缺點?virtuen．美德；正直的品性；優(yōu)點?integrityn．誠實正直；完整，完好?bettermentn．改進；改善；改良?organicadj．有機的，統(tǒng)一的；綠色的，不使用化肥的；生物的?starfishn．海星，星魚?discouragedadj．灰心的?makeadifferenceto對……有影響，對……有作用?garbagen．垃圾；廢話?contributeto有助于，促進；對……做出貢獻?leadto導致，造成(后果)?savingn．節(jié)省物，節(jié)?。粌π罱?bonusn．意外收獲，獎金，紅利?rewardingadj．值得做的，有益的?weighonsb．/sth．使焦慮不安，加重……的思想負擔?jaden．玉，碧玉?begood-for-nothing一無是處，不中用，無用之人?sowvi．&vt．(sowed，sown)播種，種?harvestn．收成，收獲量；收獲季節(jié)，收割

vt．&vi．收割，捕獵TakingresponsibilityHonouredguests，teachersandstudents，itismypleasureandprivilege①towelcomeyouheretodayandpresent②mythoughtsonthisspecialoccasion．Students，thetimehasarrivedforyoutofullyacceptyourpassageintoadulthood③．IhaveseenyougrowfromnervousSenior1studentsintoconfidentyoungadults，whositbeforemetoday[1]，readytoembrace④thenextphase⑤ofyourlives．Youmustbebothexcitedandanxiousaboutthenewexperiencesthatareinstorefor⑥you[2]．Don'tworry，foryouareallresponsibleyoungpeople[3]，wellpreparedandwellequippedtosuccessfullymanagethechallengesoftheyearsahead．[1]who引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞confidentyoungadults。[2]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞thenewexperiences。[3]for引導原因狀語從句，意為“因為，由于”。Atschool，youhavegraduallyunderstoodtheimportanceofawell-developedsenseofresponsibility⑦．Youacceptthatyouareresponsiblefor⑧yoursuccessesandyourfailures．Hopefully，youhavelearnttotreatresponsibilitynotasaweightthatburdens⑨you[4]，butratherasafoundationwhichwillsupportyourfuturedevelopment[5]．Ashipwithoutananchor⑩isatthemercy?ofthewavesandwinds;likewise?，apersonwhohasnosenseofresponsibility[6]isatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehaviour．[4]that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞aweight。[5]which引導定語從句，修飾先行詞afoundation。[6]who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞aperson。Asstudents，youmusttakeyourstudiesseriously?andacceptresponsibilityforyourownlearning．Thismeansmeetingdeadlines?foryourschoolwork，followingyourteachers'

guidance?，andofcourse，alwaysaimingforacademicexcellence．However，yourresponsibilitiesgofarbeyond?yourstudies．Asyougothroughyourdailylife[7]，youwillencounter?manydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong?[8]．Insteadof?beingquicktoblameothers，analysetheproblem，andifitisindeedyourownfault?，bereadytoadmityourmistakeandthencorrectit．Thisway，youpractisethevirtue?ofcourage．Alwaysgiveyourbestinwhateveryousetouttodo[9]，howeverdifficultthatmightbe[10]．Thisway，youpractisethevirtueofdetermination．Behonestbysayingwhatyoumeanandbymeaningwhatyousay．Thisway，youpractisethevirtueofintegrity?．Takingresponsibilityinallaspectsofyoureverydaylife，therefore，willhelpbuildastrongcharacter．[7]As引導時間狀語從句，as意為“當……的時候”。[8]where引導定語從句，修飾先行詞manydifficultsituations。[9]whatever引導賓語從句，作介詞in的賓語。[10]however引導讓步狀語從句。Apartfrompersonaldevelopment，assumingresponsibilityforyouractionsisalsoimportantforthebetterment?ofsociety．Societyisanorganic?whole，andassocialbeings，wehavearesponsibilitytomakeacontribution．Youmayhaveheardthestoryofasmallboywhotriedtosavestarfish?leftonthebeachafterastorm[11]，bythrowingthembackintothesea．Passers-bytoldhimthathewaswastinghistime，forhecouldnotpossiblysavethemall．However，theboywasnotdiscouraged?，believingthathecouldmakeadifferenceto?theonesthathesaved[12]．Asaresult，thepassers-byfeltinspiredandjoinedhiminsavingthestarfish．Similarly，thelittlethingsyoudocanmakeadifference!Forexample，pickingupgarbage?aroundyourneighbourhood

contributesto?acleanerenvironment．Reportingaspeedingcarhelpsensureroadsafety．Beingenergy-efficientleadsto?

savings?ofourpreciousnaturalresources．Doingvolunteerworkatalocalnursinghomebringsloveandwarmthtotheelderly．Justlikethe“starfishboy”

，youmayeveninspirepeoplearoundyoutodothesame，whichisanaddedbonus?[13]．Workingtogether[14]，wehavethepowertograduallybutcontinuouslyadvanceoursociety．[11]who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞asmallboy；過去分詞短語leftonthebeachafterastorm作后置定語，修飾starfish。[12]動詞-ing形式短語believing...作狀語；第一個that引導賓語從句；第二個that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞theones。[13]which引導非