2022年山東濟(jì)南第一中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期第四次學(xué)情檢測（5月月考） 英語試題

2022學(xué)年山東省濟(jì)南市第一中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期第四次學(xué)情檢測（5月月考）英語試題解析版說明：本試題分為四部分，共14頁。試題滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆，將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡規(guī)定的位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、膠帶紙、修正帶。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡上交。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASitesforfreeonlineeducationenableyoutolearncoursesinyourcomfortableplace.Thecoursesofthesewebsitesareofferedbytopuniversities.Youcanlearnaspecificsubjectwithoutmuchinvestment.Thesewebsitesoffermanyvideos,articles,ande-bookstoincreaseyourknowledge.CourseraCourseraisafreelearningplatformthatoffersMOOCscoursesfromwell-knownuniversities.Allcoursescontainpre-recordedvideolecturesthatyoucanwatchwhenitisconvenientforyou.Courserahasprogramstogetherwithuniversitiesthatallowyoutogetamaster’sdegree.Youcanexplorevariouscollegecourseswithoutanytrouble.CodeHSCodeHSisalearningsitethat’sspeciallydesignedforstudentstolearncomputerscience.Thiswebsiteprovideslessonplanswhereyoucanaccessvariousresourcestolearnit.Thecoursesaredesignedinawaythatsuitsyourpersonalneeds.Thevideoscanbeviewedonlineaswellasoffline.KhanAcademyThissiteisusefultomatchyourlearninggoals.Youchoosethissitetopersonalizeyourlearningexperience.Thisfreeplatformcanbeusedforlearnersandteachers.Theresourcesofthissiteareavailableonlineaswellasoffline.ThecontentofKhanAcademyisavailableinEnglish,French,German,andmore.ConnectionsAcademyConnectionsAcademyisthebestonlinecoursewebsitethathelpsstudentstolearnfromhome.Thecoursesofthisplatformaredesignedforelementaryschoolandmiddleschool.Thesiteprovidespersonalizedlearningexperiencesandenablesyoutoeasilymeetteachersandclassmatesinthevirtualclassroom.1.What'sspecialaboutCodeHS?A.Itsatisfiespersonalizedneeds.B.Itfocusesonaparticularsubject.C.Itoffersaccesstovideoresources.D.Itservesbothlearnersandteachers.2.Whichofthefollowingbestsuitsjuniorhighstudents?A.Coursera.B.CodeHS.C.KhanAcademy.D.ConnectionsAcademy.3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Torecommendlearningsites.B.Tointroducevariouscourses.C.Toshareon-lineexperiences.D.Toguideoff-campusstudents.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)可以免費(fèi)學(xué)習(xí)的在線教育網(wǎng)站，這些網(wǎng)站的課程由頂尖大學(xué)提供。我們可以在沒有太多投資的情況下學(xué)習(xí)特定主題。這些網(wǎng)站提供了許多視頻、文章和電子書來增加我們的知識(shí)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題CodeHS中第一段第一句“CourseraisafreelearningplatformthatoffersMOOCscoursesfromwell-knownuniversities.（CodeHS是一個(gè)專門為學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)的學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站。）”可知，CodeHS的特別之處在于它專注于一個(gè)特定的主題，即為學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)的學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站。故選B項(xiàng)。2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題ConnectionsAcademy中第一段第二句“Thecoursesofthisplatformaredesignedforelementaryschoolandmiddleschool.（該平臺(tái)的課程是針對(duì)小學(xué)和中學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的。）”可知，ConnectionsAcademy平臺(tái)的課程是針對(duì)小學(xué)和中學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的，因此它最適合初中生。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“Sitesforfreeonlineeducationenableyoutolearncoursesinyourcomfortableplace.Thecoursesofthesewebsitesareofferedbytopuniversities.Youcanlearnaspecificsubjectwithoutmuchinvestment.Thesewebsitesoffermanyvideos,articles,ande-bookstoincreaseyourknowledge.（免費(fèi)在線教育網(wǎng)站能讓你在舒適的環(huán)境中學(xué)習(xí)課程。這些網(wǎng)站的課程都是由頂尖大學(xué)提供的。你可以學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)特定的科目，而不需要太多的投資。這些網(wǎng)站提供許多視頻、文章和電子書來增加你的知識(shí)。）”可知，這篇文章要介紹一些學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站，其目的是為我們推薦一些可以免費(fèi)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)，因此A項(xiàng)“推薦學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。BWangShuangwasjustfivewhenherparentsdivorced,droppedheratheruncle'sandleft.Football,asitoftenis,becameanescape.Atseven,shewasspottedbycoachXuYilong,whofoundWangquickinherplayfulbehaviour.Astheonlygirlintheboys'team,Wang'sperformanceswereimpressive,earningherthenickname“IronGirl.”Andsoon,shesensedthesport'spower.Footballallowedherto“releaseherself"andrealize“whateverhappens,footballneverleavesyoualone.”However,lifewasneversmoothsailing.Theconstantjibes(嘲諷)fromsomepeople,whoalwaystriedtopushherdownanddestroyherhopes,affectedhersodeeplythatshelostconfidence.“TheyweresayingIhadnotalentatall.Gradually,Ifeltreallyso.”Wangoncewrote.Butneverdidshestopplaying.Whenshewascalleduptothenationalteam,aged17,Wangthought,“Me?Areyousure?”Whenaworld-famousclubwantedtosignher,shewas“excitedthatanexcellentcoachthoughtIwasgood.”Itwasonlythenthatshefeltconfidentinherabilities.“Ifeltrecognized.PerhapsIhadabitoftalentafterall.”Notany“bitoftalent”;thegeniusispraisedasChina'sonce-in-a-generationplayer.Chinaisapioneerofwomen'sfootballinAsiaandhaswonthecontinentalchampionshipeighttimes,includingsevenstraighttitlesbetween1986and1999.Thatwastheirgoldenage.Gradually,though,thedynastydeclined.ItishopedthatWangwillinspirethewomen'sfootballofthecountrytoitsformerheight.Coachesarealmostalwayshesitanttospeakaboutindividualplayers.ButwhencoachShuiwasaskedaboutWangbeforethematchagainstVietnam,shecouldn'tstopmentioningherinfluenceontheteam.Unfailinglyperformingonthebigstage,Wangdidnotletherteamdown.Whentheylackedaqualityball,shedeliveredtwohighassiststhatfinallyledherteamintothelast-fourclash(四分之一決賽).“Nobodyknowshowharditwas,”declaredWangafterthematch.“Weovercamedifficulties.Wealsoshowedourstrongspiritualpower.Iamproudofmyteam.”4.WhatcanweinferaboutWangfromthesecondparagraph?A.Sheearnedalivingonherown.B.Shewasreleasedfromtheteam.C.Shewaslaughedatbytheboys.D.Shefoundasenseofbelonging.5.HowdidWangregainfaithinherabilities?A.Bywinningrecognition.B.Byobtaininginspiration.C.Byplayinginthenationalteam.D.Byignoringotherpeople'sjibes.6.WhichwouldbestdescribecoachShui'sattitudetoWang?A.Conservative. B.Contradictory.C.Favourable. D.Demanding.7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.WangShuang:ASteelRoseB.WangShuang:AChildGeniusC.WangShuang:AFootballPioneerD.WangShuang:AGoldenAgeCreator【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員王霜五歲父母離婚，她從踢足球中找到了歸屬感，17歲被召入國家隊(duì)時(shí)，自信大增，她的能力也得到了教練的認(rèn)可?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Footballallowedherto'releaseherself'andrealize'whateverhappens,footballneverleavesyoualone.'（足球讓她“釋放自己”，并意識(shí)到“無論發(fā)生什么，足球永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)讓你孤單。”）”可知，是足球讓王霜釋放自己，并意識(shí)到無論發(fā)生什么，足球永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)讓自己孤單。說明她在足球當(dāng)中她找到了一種歸屬感。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenaworld-famousclubwantedtosignher,shewas'excitedthatanexcellentcoachthoughtIwasgood.'Itwasonlythenthatshefeltconfidentinherabilities.'Ifeltrecognized.PerhapsIhadabitoftalentafterall.'（當(dāng)一家世界著名的俱樂部想簽下她時(shí)，她“很高興一位優(yōu)秀的教練認(rèn)為我很好?！敝钡侥菚r(shí)，她才對(duì)自己的能力充滿信心。“我覺得被認(rèn)可了,也許我還是有一點(diǎn)天賦的。）”可知，一位優(yōu)秀的教練認(rèn)為王霜很好，并想簽下她，因此她通過贏得別人對(duì)自己的認(rèn)可對(duì)自己的能力恢復(fù)了信心。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段前三句內(nèi)容“Coachesarealmostalwayshesitanttospeakaboutindividualplayers.ButwhencoachShuiwasaskedaboutWangbeforethematchagainstVietnam,shecouldn'tstopmentioningherinfluenceontheteam.Unfailinglyperformingonthebigstage,Wangdidnotletherteamdown.（教練在談?wù)撉騿T個(gè)人時(shí)總是猶豫不決。但在與越南隊(duì)的比賽之前，當(dāng)水教練被問及王時(shí)，她忍不住提到她對(duì)球隊(duì)的影響。一直在大舞臺(tái)上表演的王沒有讓她的團(tuán)隊(duì)失望。）”可知，水教練認(rèn)為王霜對(duì)球隊(duì)影響力很大，沒有讓她的團(tuán)隊(duì)失望，說明教練對(duì)王霜非常的稱贊，C項(xiàng)Favourable“稱贊的，贊成的”符合。故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Astheonlygirlintheboys'team,Wang'sperformanceswereimpressive,earningherthenickname“IronGirl.”（作為男隊(duì)中唯一的女生，王霜的表現(xiàn)令人印象深刻，為她贏得了“鐵娘子”的綽號(hào)。）”可知，在男足球隊(duì)中時(shí)王霜就表現(xiàn)的非常出色。以及根據(jù)第六段前三句內(nèi)容“Coachesarealmostalwayshesitanttospeakaboutindividualplayers.ButwhencoachShuiwasaskedaboutWangbeforethematchagainstVietnam,shecouldn'tstopmentioningherinfluenceontheteam.Unfailinglyperformingonthebigstage,Wangdidnotletherteamdown.（教練在談?wù)撉騿T個(gè)人時(shí)總是猶豫不決。但在與越南隊(duì)的比賽之前，當(dāng)水教練被問及王霜時(shí)，她忍不住提到她對(duì)球隊(duì)的影響。一直在大舞臺(tái)上表演的王沒有讓她的團(tuán)隊(duì)失望。）”可知教練對(duì)王霜的能力非常的認(rèn)可，對(duì)于一個(gè)影響力十足的女性足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員來說“鏗鏘玫瑰”的稱號(hào)值得擁有。因此A項(xiàng)適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故先A項(xiàng)。CEndangeredpolarbearsarebreeding（繁殖）withgrizzlybears（灰熊）,creating“pizzly”bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.Andwiththatgrowingcontactbetweenthetwocomeincreasinghybrids（雜交種）.Withcharacteristicsthatcouldgivethehybridsanadvantageinwarmingnorthernhabitats,somescientistsguessthattheycouldbeheretostay.“Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources,”LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.Theriseof“pizzly”bearsappearswithpolarbears'decline:theirnumbersareestimatedtodecreasebymorethan30%inthenext30years.Thissuddenfallislinkedpartlyto“pizzly”bearstakinguppolarbears'ranges,wheretheyoutcompetethem,butalsotopolarbears'highlyspecializeddiets.“PolarbearsmainlyconsumedsoftfoodsevenduringtheMedievalWarmPeriod,apreviousperiodofrapidwarming,”DeSantissaid,referringtofatmealssuchasseals.“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.“We'rehavingmassiveimpactswithclimatechangeonspecies,”DeSantissaid.“Thepolarbearistellingushowbadthingsare.Insomesense,“pizzly”bearscouldbeasadbutnecessarycompromisegivencurrentwarmingtrends.”8.Whydopolarbearsmovefurthersouth?A.Tocreatehybrids. B.Toexpandterritory.C.Torelievehunger. D.Tocontactgrizzlies.9.Whatmakes“pizzly”bearsadapttonaturalsurroundingsbetterthantheirparents?A.Broaderhabitats. B.Morefoodoptions.C.Climatepreference. D.Improvedbreedingability.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“atippingpoint”inparagraph5referto?A.Ararechance. B.Acriticalstage.C.Apositivefactor. D.Aconstantchange.11.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Polarbearsarechangingdietsforclimatechange.B.Polarbearshavealreadyadjustedtoclimatechange.C.“Pizzly”bearsareontherisebecauseofglobalwarming.D.“Pizzly”bearshavereplacedpolarbearsforglobalwarming.【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了由于氣候變暖，瀕危北極熊正在與灰熊一起繁殖，創(chuàng)造出“小灰熊”，雜交的“小灰熊”數(shù)量正在增加，這說明全球氣候正在變得更糟糕?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.”（隨著世界變暖和北極海冰變薄，饑餓的北極熊被迫越來越向南，在那里它們遇到灰熊，灰熊的活動(dòng)范圍正在向北擴(kuò)展。）可知北極熊向南遷移是為了緩解饑餓。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“'Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources,'LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.”（范德比爾特大學(xué)（VanderbiltUniversity）生物科學(xué)副教授拉里薩·德桑蒂斯（LarisaDeSantis）對(duì)《生活科學(xué)》（LiveScience）說：“通常情況下，雜交種并不比它們的父母更適合它們的環(huán)境，但這些雜交種能夠?qū)ふ腋鼜V泛的食物來源?！薄＃┛芍嗟氖澄镞x擇讓“小熊”比它們的父母更能適應(yīng)自然環(huán)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段劃線詞后文“Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.”(事實(shí)上，他們從這些來源獲得的熱量并不能抵消他們?cè)趯ふ疫@些來源時(shí)燃燒的熱量。)及下一句“Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.”（這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)棲息地準(zhǔn)備好讓雜交熊遷入并接管，如果北極熊被取代，將導(dǎo)致生物多樣性的損失。）可知，無法找到食物來源，北極熊很可能被灰熊取代，處于生存的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。劃線句“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”（盡管所有這些饑餓的北極熊都在努力尋找其他食物來源，比如海鳥蛋，但這可能是它們生存的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。），beatippingpoint“轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”，相當(dāng)于Acriticalstage（關(guān)鍵階段）。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Endangeredpolarbearsarebreeding（繁殖）withgrizzlybears（灰熊）,creating“pizzly”bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.”（科學(xué)家稱，受氣候變化的驅(qū)動(dòng)，瀕危北極熊正在與灰熊一起繁殖，創(chuàng)造出“小灰熊”。）和倒數(shù)第二段“Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.”（這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)棲息地準(zhǔn)備好讓雜交熊遷入并接管，如果北極熊被取代，將導(dǎo)致生物多樣性的損失。）以及文章大意，可知由于全球變暖，“小熊”的數(shù)量正在上升。故選C項(xiàng)。DTherechargeablelithium-ion（鋰離子）batterymarketisworthmorethan＄50billion.Lithium-ionbatterieswhosedemandcontinuestogoupdaybyday,areusedinawiderangeofelectronicdevices.Theyaremadeoffourmaincomponents,andcathode（陰極）isoneofthem.Thecathode'sactivematerialtypeiswhatdeterminesthecapacityofabattery.Arecentstudy,ledbyWangYan,amaterialscientistofWorcesterPolytechnicInstitute,findsthatlithium-ionbatteriesmadewithrecycledcathodesworkbetterthanthosewithnewcathodes.“Thebatteryindustryisexpectedtogrowsharplyinthenextdecade.Thishighdemandhasledcompaniestogotoextremes,likeincreasingdeep-seamining,togainaccesstothemineralsusedinlithium-ionbatteries,”Wangsaid.“Miningmineralswillhaveenvironmentalimpacts.Recyclingspentlithium-ionbatteriesoffersawayout.”Butuntilnow,theprospectofusingrecycledmaterialsinlithium-ionbatterieshassomemanufacturers（制造商）worryingthatitcouldimpactperformance.Thus,lithium-ionbatteriesarestillnotwidelyrecycled.Awareofdecreasingresourcesandenvironmentalimpact,Wangandotherresearcherssetouttofindawaytomakerecyclinglithium-ionbatterieseconomicallypractical.Throughexperiments,theycouldrecovermorethan90%ofthekeymetalsfromspentbatteries.Theserecoveredmetalsbecamethebasisofthenewrecycledbattery'scathode'sactivematerial.IntestsbetweenWang'steam'srecycledbatteriesandbrand-newbatteriesofthesamecomposition,therecycledbatteriesoutperformthenewonesintheirabilitytomaintaincapacity.Ittook11,600chargecyclesforrecycledcathodebatteriestolose30percentoftheiroriginalcapacity.Thatwasabout50percentbetterthanthe7,600observedcyclesfornewcathodebatteries,theteamreported.Thosethousandsofextracyclescouldtranslateintoyearsofbetterbatteryperformance,evenafterrepeateduseandrecharging.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutlithium-ionbatteriesfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theyarehighinprice.B.Theyareingreatdemand.C.Theyarelimitedinuse.D.Theyaresimpleincomposition.13.WhatdoesWangmainlytalkaboutinparagraph3?A.Thetargetusersofrecycledbatteries.B.Thewaystogetmineralsforbatteries.C.Themajorreasonsforrecyclingbatteries.D.Thecomplexprocessofrecyclingbatteries.14.Whatarethemanufacturersconcernedabout?A.Decliningmineralresources.B.Difficultrecyclingtechniques.C.Seriousenvironmentalproblems.D.Inefficientbatteryperformance.15.Whichofthefollowingdetailsbestsupportsthemainideaofthetext?A.Thebatteryindustryisgoingtodevelopdramatically.B.Recyclingbatteriesreducesimpactontheenvironment.CScientistscanrecoverkeymaterialsfromspentbatteries.D.Recycledbatteriesoutperformnewonesinchargingcircles.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了可充電鋰離子電池市場價(jià)值超過500億美元。鋰離子電池的需求與日俱增，廣泛應(yīng)用于電子設(shè)備中。但為了保護(hù)環(huán)境回收鋰離子電池也顯得尤為重要，且回收電池的容量保持能力優(yōu)于新電池?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句內(nèi)容“Therechargeablelithium-ion（鋰離子）batterymarketisworthmorethan＄50billion.Lithium-ionbatteries,whosedemandcontinuestogoupdaybyday,areusedinawiderangeofelectronicdevices.（可充電鋰離子電池市場價(jià)值超過500億美元。鋰離子電池的需求與日俱增，廣泛應(yīng)用于電子設(shè)備中。）”可知，鋰離子電池市場大，廣泛應(yīng)用電子設(shè)備中，它的需求量很大，與日俱增。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的內(nèi)容“Thebatteryindustryisexpectedtogrowsharplyinthenextdecade.Thishighdemandhasledcompaniestogotoextremes,likeincreasingdeep-seamining,togainaccesstothemineralsusedinlithium-ionbatteries,”Wangsaid.“Miningmineralswillhaveenvironmentalimpacts.Recyclingspentlithium-ionbatteriesoffersawayout.”（電池行業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)將在未來十年迅速增長。這種高需求導(dǎo)致企業(yè)走向極端，比如增加深海采礦，以獲得用于鋰離子電池的礦物?！薄安傻V會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響?；厥諒U舊鋰離子電池提供了一條出路）”可知，深海采礦獲取鋰離子礦物質(zhì)會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響，回收利用鋰離子會(huì)減少對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞。因此第三段主要在講回收電池的主要原因，即為保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Butuntilnow,theprospectofusingrecycledmaterialsinlithium-ionbatterieshassomemanufacturers（制造商）worryingthatitcouldimpactperformance.（但直到現(xiàn)在，在鋰離子電池中使用可回收材料的前景讓一些制造商擔(dān)心它可能會(huì)影響性能。）”可知，目前在鋰離子電池中使用可回收材料的前景讓一些制造商擔(dān)心它可能會(huì)影響性能，也就是說回收回來的鋰離子電池性能低效。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段前三句內(nèi)容“IntestsbetweenWang'steam'srecycledbatteriesandbrand-newbatteriesofthesamecomposition,therecycledbatteriesoutperformthenewonesintheirabilitytomaintaincapacity.Ittook11,600chargecyclesforrecycledcathodebatteriestolose30percentoftheiroriginalcapacity.Thatwasabout50percentbetterthanthe7,600observedcyclesfornewcathodebatteries,theteamreported.（在王的團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)回收電池和相同成分的全新電池進(jìn)行的測試中，回收電池的容量保持能力優(yōu)于新電池?；厥盏年帢O電池需要11600次充電，才會(huì)失去原來容量的30%。研究小組報(bào)告說，這比新陰極電池觀察到的7600個(gè)周期要好50%。）”可知，回收電池的容量保持能力優(yōu)于新電池?；厥盏年帢O電池需要11600次充電，才會(huì)失去原來容量的30%。研究小組報(bào)告說，這比新陰極電池觀察到的7600個(gè)周期要好50%，可見在充電方面，回收電池的性能優(yōu)于新電池。這篇文章主要是講鋰離子的需求變大，但開采鋰離子礦物質(zhì)會(huì)破壞環(huán)境，因此回收電池顯得格外重要，所以D項(xiàng)最好地支持了文章的主要觀點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ihavethesame24hoursinadayasyoudo,butIhavemadespecificchoicethatallowmetomakethemostofeverydayandstillfeelhappyandrelaxed.____16____Pickthemostimportant.____17____Focusonspendingtimethatforyouisfunandproductive.IchosethelifeofanadviserbecauseIliketoworkwithcompanies,butdon'twantthelifeofabigcompanyCEO.MychoicesarebasedonthelifestyleIwant.Combineyouractivities.Manypeoplegocrazytryingtofigureouthowtospendtimewithfriends,family,work,play,etc.____18____Findwaystoenjoytheminacombinedmanner.Buildyoursociallifearoundpeopleyourworkenvironment.Findpeopleinyourcompanywhosharecommoninterestsanddevelopyourcareer(職業(yè))aroundthepeopleandactivitiesyoulove.____19____Youwouldthinklearningtakesmoretimefromyou,butactuallytherearealwaysnewwaysofdoingthingsthatcansaveyoutimeondailytasks,freeingyouupforthemostimportant.Alwaysbelookingforanewwaytogainbackanhourhereorthere.Lightenup.Theworldwon'tcometoanendinmostcasesjustbecauseyouleftafewthingsundone.Celebrateprogressandkeeprefining(改進(jìn))towardahappyproductiveexistence.____20____Everycompletionisasmallvictorythataddsupinabigway.A.Speedup.B.Beanactivelearner.C.Stoptryingtobalancetimebetweenthemall.D.Makechoicesaboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.E.Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreaterjoy.F.Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.G.Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.【答案】16.F17.D18.C19.B20.G【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。作者給出了既可以充分利用時(shí)間又可以快樂放松的有效建議?！?6題詳解】上文“Ihavethesame24hoursinadayasyoudo,but1havemadespecificchoicethatallowmetomakethemostofeverydayandstillfeelhappyandrelaxed.(我和你一樣，每天都有24小時(shí)，但我做了具體的選擇，讓我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快樂和放松)”說明作者做出選擇，充分利用每一天，但仍舊感到快樂和輕松，根據(jù)下文段落小標(biāo)題可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天給出了建議，因此空格處應(yīng)是承上啟下，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“helpyoumakethemostofyourtime”與上文“tomakethemostofeveryday”一致，“tips”引出下文的建議，因此F項(xiàng)“也許這些建議會(huì)幫助你充分利用你的時(shí)間”符合語境，承上啟下。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)段落標(biāo)題“Pickthemostimportant.”可知，本段建議挑選最重要的，下文“Focusonspendingtimethatforyouisfunandproductive.(把時(shí)間花在那些對(duì)你來說有趣和富有成效的事情上)”說明要挑選一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D項(xiàng)中的“whatismeaningfulinyourlife”與標(biāo)題中的“themostimportant”一致，下文是對(duì)“Makechoices”具體解釋。因此推斷D項(xiàng)“選擇你生活中有意義的東西”符合語境。故選D?！?8題詳解】上文“Manypeoplegocrazytryingtofigureouthowtospendtimewithfriends,family,work,play,etc.(許多人瘋狂地試圖弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娛樂等方面度過時(shí)間)”說明許多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好時(shí)間，下文“Findwaystoenjoytheminacombinedmanner.(找到一種結(jié)合的方式來享受它們)”說明可以把事情組合在一起享受，因此推斷空格處與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明不要試圖均衡時(shí)間，C項(xiàng)“不要試圖在它們之間平衡時(shí)間”符合語境。故選C?！?9題詳解】空格處為段落小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Youwouldthinklearningtakesmoretimefromyou,butactuallytherearealwaysnewwaysofdoingthingsthatcansaveyoutimeondailytasks,freeingyouupforthemostimportant.Alwaysbelookingforanewwaytogainbackanhourhereorthere.Alwaysbelookingforanewwaytogainbackanhourhereorthere.(你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)需要花費(fèi)了你更多的時(shí)間，但實(shí)際上總有一些新的方法可以為你節(jié)省出做日常事務(wù)的時(shí)間，為你騰出時(shí)間去做最重要的事情。尋找在這里或者那里贏回一個(gè)小時(shí)的新方法)”可推斷，本段講述學(xué)習(xí)雖然花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間，但總是能有一些方法為你節(jié)省時(shí)間做其他事情，因此要做有效的學(xué)習(xí)者。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“做有效的學(xué)習(xí)者”為段落標(biāo)題，故選B?！?0題詳解】下文“Everycompletionisasmallvictorythataddsupinabigway.(每一次的完成都是一個(gè)小的勝利，累積起來就是一個(gè)大的勝利)”說明事情要一件一件去做，G項(xiàng)中的“makinglists”與之呼應(yīng)，因此推斷G項(xiàng)“這就是為什么列清單在任何生產(chǎn)手冊(cè)中都很重要的原因”符合語境，this指代上文“Theworldwon'tcometoanendinmostcasesjustbecauseyouleftafewthingsundone.Celebrateprogressandkeeprefining(改進(jìn))towardahappyproductiveexistence.(在大多數(shù)情況下，世界不會(huì)因?yàn)槟銢]做完幾件事而走向末日。慶祝進(jìn)步，不斷改進(jìn)走向一個(gè)快樂而富有成效的存在)”解釋了列出清單一件一件完成任務(wù)的原因。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。LastyearIdecidedtodosomevolunteerwork.Ibeganto___21___ontheInternetanddiscoveredVolunteerUSA.ThreemonthslaterIfoundmyselfonaplanetoPhoenix,Arizona.Iwas___22___atthethoughtoflivingwithloadsofnewpeopleforthreemonths.However,withinfifteenminutesof___23___,myworrieshadgone.Everyonewasso___24___andlike-mindedthatitwasvery___25___tofeelathome.IwassenttotheCoronadoNationalForestformyfirst8-day___26___.Wehadto___27___everythingweneededandwalkthreemilestowhereweworked.Itmaynotseemlikealongwaybutin35℃heatandwithaheavypack,mylegswereonfire.Myjobwasto___28___astairwayoutofrock.This___29___climbingupanddownthesideofamountaininhabited(棲息)bymountainlions,althoughIshouldsaytheywereonlyheard,never___30___Threedayslater,abeautifulstairwaycameintobeing.The___31___ofknowingthatmyworkwillbeonthatmountainsideforyearstocomeismassive.Butonthelastnightwewere___32___inathunderstorm.Iwokeupatmidnighttofindaswimmingpoolinmytent.Thetemperaturewascloseto___33___.Ihadtospendtherestofthenighttremblingintheonly___34___partofmytent.Needlesstosay,Isufferedalot.ButIknowwhateverIhavetofaceinmylifeIwasthereandI___35___.IthinkIammuchstrongerforhavingtakenpartintheproject.21.A.calculate B.negotiate C.advertise D.research22.A.annoyed B.surprised C.scared D.excited23.A.arriving B.sleeping C.thinking D.walking24.A.confident B.friendly C.energetic D.curious25.A.funny B.good C.lucky D.easy26.A.tour B.project C.campaign D.course27.A.drop B.make C.carry D.buy28.A.build B.test C.clean D.guard29.A.helped B.ended C.allowed D.meant30.A.hunted B.trained C.seen D.fed31.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention32.A.left B.caught C.attacked D.separated33.A.boiling B.average C.normal D.freezing34.A.tidy B.dry C.new D.soft35.A.survived B.resisted C.escaped D.recovered【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B25.D26.B27.C28.A29.D30.C31.A32.B33.D34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者去年通過網(wǎng)上查詢信息得到去科羅拉多國家森林當(dāng)志愿者的機(jī)會(huì)，雖然期間作者經(jīng)歷了暴雨中帳篷漏水，為獅子上下山而搭建臺(tái)階的繁重工作等磨難，仍然感謝這個(gè)經(jīng)歷讓自己變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始在網(wǎng)上查詢并，發(fā)現(xiàn)了“美國志愿者”。A.calculate計(jì)算；B.negotiate協(xié)商；C.advertise登廣告；D.research研究，調(diào)查。根據(jù)前文的“LastyearIdecidedtodosomevolunteerwork.(去年我決定做些志愿者工作)”可知，作者在網(wǎng)上調(diào)查有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三個(gè)月，我很害怕。A.annoyed煩惱的；B.surprised驚訝的；C.scared害怕的；D.excited興奮的。根據(jù)后面的“myworrieshadgone.”可知，作者一開始很擔(dān)憂。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，到達(dá)目的地不到15分鐘，我的擔(dān)憂就消失了。A.arriving到達(dá)；B.sleeping睡覺；C.thinking思考；D.walking行走。根據(jù)“feelathome”得知到達(dá)目的地不久，作者就不擔(dān)心了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有賓至如家的感覺。A.confident自信的；B.friendly友好的；C.energetic活力的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)后文“andlike-minded”可推斷，作者感覺大家都很友好。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)人都如此友好和志趣相投，以至于很容易有賓至如家的感覺。A.funny有趣的；B.good好的；C.lucky幸運(yùn)的；D.easy容易的。根據(jù)“thatlike-minded”和“feelathome”得知，大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感覺到家的溫暖很容易。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我被派往科羅拉多國家森林開始頭8天的項(xiàng)目。A.tour游覽；B.project項(xiàng)目；C.campaign活動(dòng)；D.course課程。根據(jù)下文“forhavingtakenpartintheproject”可知，這是在說當(dāng)志愿者的項(xiàng)目，原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們必須帶上需要的東西走到三英里外我們工作的地方。A.drop掉下；B.make制作；C.carry攜帶；D.buy購買。根據(jù)下文“withaheavypack”可知，作者他們要背負(fù)著必需品走。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的工作是用巖石建一個(gè)階梯。A.build建造；B.test測試；C.clean清潔；D.guard保衛(wèi)。根據(jù)下文“climbingupanddownthesideofamountain.”可知，作者在獅子棲息地建一個(gè)階梯供獅子攀爬。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著獅子能在山上棲息地通過階梯爬上爬下。A.helped幫助；B.ended結(jié)束；C.allowed允許；D.meant意味。根據(jù)“climbingupanddown”可知，臺(tái)階修好了意味著獅子可以爬上爬下。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我應(yīng)該說它們只被聽說過，從沒被親眼見過。A.hunted捕獵；B.trained訓(xùn)練；C.seen看到；D.fed喂養(yǎng)。根據(jù)前文“althoughIshouldsaytheywereonlyheard”可知，作者以前沒有見過。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：知道我的作品將會(huì)在未來的幾年里出現(xiàn)在那片山坡上，我的滿足感是巨大的。A.satisfaction滿意；B.ambition雄心；C.expectation期待；D.intention意圖。根據(jù)上文的“abeautifulstairwaycameintobeing”可知，作者修的臺(tái)階成型了，作者感到很滿意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我們被困在雷雨中。A.left離開；B.caught捉??；C.attacked襲擊；D.separated分離。根據(jù)下文“Iwokeupatmidnighttofindaswimmingpoolinmytent”可知，作者他們被困在雷雨中。故選B項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查形容詞短語辨析。句意：溫度接近零度。A.boiling煮沸的；B.average平均的；C.normal正常的；D.freezing冰凍的。根據(jù)下文“trembling”得知溫度很低。故選D項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帳篷干的那一塊地方發(fā)抖。A.tidy干凈的；B.dry干的；C.new新的；D.soft軟的。根據(jù)上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“partofmytent”可知，帳篷里進(jìn)了水，作者蜷縮在帳篷干的地方。故選B項(xiàng)。35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是我知道不論人生中面對(duì)什么，我都在這，我都活了下來。A.survived生存；B.resisted反抗；C.escaped逃離，抓牢；D.recovered恢復(fù)。根據(jù)上文“Iwasthere”可知，作者認(rèn)為再多苦都可以堅(jiān)持下來，挺過去。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）A閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（每空一詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式（不多于3個(gè)單詞）。Tochangebadhabitsisnevereasy,evenwithmany____36____(attempt).Thereisafamoussaying____37____(base)onthephilosophyofAristotle:“Wearewhatwe____38____(repeat)do.”Inmanyways,ourlifestyleisthesumofchoiceswehavemade.Wemakeachoicetodosomething,andthenwerepeatitoverandoveragain.Soonthatchoicebecomesautomaticandformsahabitthatismuch____39____(hard)tochange.Thegoodnews____40____(be)thatwecanchange,ifweunderstandhowhabitswork.Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”,____41____hastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefact____42____heatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.Theheatisreleasedbackintospaceatlongerwavelengths.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,____43____(keep)Ear