Unit 5 First aid Discover useful structures 語法選擇性必修第二冊

unit5Grammar非謂語-ing復(fù)習(xí)Predictingthefutureisreallydifficult.Havingleftallmyfriends,Ifeltshyandlonelyatmynewschool.Notreceivingareplyfromhim,shefeltupset.HeinsistedonbeingcalledDr.TurnerinsteadofMr.Turner.His/Tom’sbeinglatemadetheteacherveryangry.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?語境感知(1)

一般式的主動形式:①

。(2)

完成式的主動形式:②

。(3)

一般式的被動形式:③

。(4)

完成式的被動形式:④

。(5)

否定式:

在動詞-ing形式前面加⑤

。(6)

復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):在動詞-ing形式前面加名詞所有格、形容詞性物主代詞、

名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格。doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonenot用法歸納6.動詞-ing作狀語1.動詞-ing作主語2.動詞-ing作賓語3.動詞-ing作表語4.動詞-ing作定語5.動詞-ing作賓語補足語CONTENTS動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞區(qū)別動名詞作主語，表明一件事情或活動賓表狀補定定動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞表doing作賓語，表明一件事情或活動作表語，表明一件事情或活動作定語，表用途作賓補，表明賓語的動作正在進行或主動作狀語，表明動作正在進行或主動作表語，表主動,令人…，主語多為物作定語，表明動正在進行或主動現(xiàn)在分詞定定SmokingisnotgoodforyourhealthIlikeclimbingMyjobisteaching

English

Thereisaswimming

poolinourschoolIsawhimrepairinghiscarThegirlcamein,laughingandsingingThenewsissurprisingThemanstanding

thereismyfather主1．動詞-ing形式作主語時，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，

通常置于句首。

!!:

be+adj結(jié)構(gòu)中變成Being+adj,被動結(jié)構(gòu)要變成Beingdone[名師點津]

動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Walking____(be)agoodformofexerciseforboththeyoungandtheold.

動詞-ing形式作主語is1.______(have)abalanceddietisbeneficialtohealth.2.____________(absorb)inthejobishersecrettosuccess.3.__________________(look)makespeopledisturbed.4._____(lose)hisjobmadeitharderforhimtosupporthimself.HavingBeingabsorbedBeinglookeddownuponLosing1._________makesthestudent_______

interestinhisstudies.A.Beingpunished,toloseB.Punished,loseC.Beingpunished,loseD.Punishing,lose2.--Whatmadeyousoupset?

--_________aloneinthestore.A.BeingleftB.LeavingC.TobeleftD.Left

動詞-ing形式作主語2.形式主語it代替動詞-ing形式作主語。此類句式常見的有：Itisnogood/use______(cry)

overthespiltmilk.It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪費時間It'suseless/worthwhiledoingsth=(todosth).做某事沒用/是值得的It'snogood/use/fundoingsth.做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思crying3)在therebenodoing結(jié)構(gòu)中，相當(dāng)于“…是不…的”：

a.Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．

若要人不知，除非己莫為。

b.不容否認(rèn)，他是這一領(lǐng)域的專家。

______________________________________________

Thereisnodenyingthatheisanexpertinthisfield.4.動詞-ing的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)His/Tom's________(be)latemadetheteacherveryangry.Jerry'snot_________(arrive)ontimemadethepeoplepresentangry.動詞-ing形式作主語beingarriving1．作動詞的賓語。接v.-ing形式作賓語的常用動詞(短語)有：動詞-ing形式作賓語admit、advise、appreciate、avoid、consider、delay、deny、enjoy、escape、fancy、finish、imagine、keep(on)、mind、miss、practise、risk、suggest、giveup、stickto、leadto(2)某些動詞及動詞短語后面既可以用不定式也可以用動詞-ing作賓語。goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做同一件事

goontodosth.接著做另一件事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事

forgettodosth.忘記要做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事

trytodosth.努力做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事remembertodosth.記住要做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事regrettodosth.很遺憾要做某事

meantodosth.打算/意欲做某事

meandoingsth.意味著做某事stoptodosth.停下來去做另一件事

stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事情can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫著去做某事can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事Theystoppedtohavealookatthefantasticscenery.他們停下來，去看一看這美妙絕倫的風(fēng)景。Theystoppedworkingandhadarest.他們停止工作，休息了一下。動詞-ing形式作賓語2.作介詞的賓語

在下面的短語中，常用動詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語：改錯

I'mlookingforwardtoyourcomenexttime.comecomingDescribethepicturewithV-ingusedasobject(1)2.Thecatisfondof________________Itseemsthatthecatenjoys_____________verymuch.drinkingbeer3.Thecatdoesn’tcareabout_____________watchingTV.becomingfat.1.Thedogdreamsof____________________becomingabird.2.Thedoglooksforwardto______________flyinginthesky.3.Wecan’thelp_______whenweseethedoghavingsuchadream.laughingDescribethepicturewithV-ingusedasobject(2)3.

need/want/require作“需要”解時，其后必須用-ing的主動形式表示被動含義。need/want/requiredoing=need/want/requiretobedoneHey,boy!Yourfaceneedswashing/

tobewashed．beworthdoing

1.Shedoesn’tmind_________(leave)athomealonethoughshe

mayfeellonely.2.Onlyoneofthesebooksis____________.A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthofreadingD.worthreading3.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_________onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest4.Thecomputeristooslow.Itmayberequire_________(repair).beinglefttoberepaired/repairingV-ing形式作賓語補足語see,watch,notice,observehear,listentofeel,find+sb/sth+doinghave,leave,

set,keep,get,catch

1.表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞2.使役動詞,使別人…(做)+sb/sth+doing3.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)With+sb/sth+doingtododone正在進行，主動將來，不區(qū)分主/被動已經(jīng)完成，被動1．動名詞(短語)作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為，通常放于系動詞后面(be動詞、become和感官動詞，變化)2．現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作表語，表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征，這類分詞通?？梢钥醋餍稳菰~。Herperformanceisvery____________(satisfy)，whichbringsusmuchpleasure.動詞-ing形式作表語satisfyingSeeingisbelieving.Whathesaidisembarrassing.[名師點津]作表語的動詞-ing形式，許多是由能夠表示人的某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的。常見的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...這類詞有“令人……的”的含義，常修飾物。V-ing形式作定語1.位置2.區(qū)別-ing/-ed相當(dāng)于形容詞，置于n前面相當(dāng)于定語從句，置于n后面awaitingroomAboysittingatthebackoftheclassroomisJack.

=whositsatthebackoftheclassroom

isJack.

awaitingboyawaitedboyaprofessorfollowed

byastudentaprofessorfollowingastudent-ing表示v和n是主動關(guān)系-ed表示v和n是被動關(guān)系表用途V-ing形式作狀語1.Hisfatherdied,leavinghisfamilyevenworseoff.2.Hearingthenews,hecriedbitterly.3.Havinglosthisjob,hehadtostruggletomakealiving.4.Herushedintotheclassroom,

laughingaloud.5.Hejoinedinthebattle,

hopingtoridtheworldofwars.

定義：從原因、結(jié)果、時間、目的等方面對主句進行解釋或限制。時間狀語結(jié)果狀語原因狀語伴隨狀語目的狀語動詞-ing形式作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時需要注意以下幾點:時間性。如果現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時

發(fā)生,則用一般式;如果現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表

示的動作之前則用完成式。(2)語態(tài)性?，F(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作若與句子主語之間是主動關(guān)系,則

用主動形式;若與句子主語之間是被動關(guān)系,則用被動形式。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時,如果它的邏輯主語不是句子的主語,通常用獨立

主格結(jié)構(gòu),即在現(xiàn)在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。(4)有時出于強調(diào)或表達(dá)需要,現(xiàn)在分詞前可以加when、while、after、

before、if、though、unless、asif等從屬連詞。1.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather”,saidBob,_______outofthewindow.[look]2.Though_____money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.[lack]3.______________aproperexplanation,allthestudentsworkedoutthedifficultquestions.[given]4.____________inthequeueofhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.[wait]5.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.[make]6.___________whattodonext,wewenttotheteacherforhelp.[not,know]lookinglackingHavingbeengivenHavingwaitedmakingNotknowing7.Hearingthesadnews,______.A.tearscameintohiseyesB.hiseyeswerefilledwithtearsC.hisfaceturnedpaleD.hecouldn’thelpcryingout8.____,soIhadtolookafterher.

A.BeingseriouslyillB.MymotherwasseriouslyillC.TobeseriouslyillD.Havingbeenseriouslyill

DBReadthefollowingsentences,andtellwhichonesarewrong.Walkingthroughthepark,Isawsomelovelyflowers.2.Walkingthroughthepark,theflowerslookedbeautiful.3.Runningintothehouse,theboyshutthedoor.4.Runningintothehouse,thedoorwasshutaftertheboy.(w)(w)V-ing形式其他特殊用法Generally/frankly/strictlyspeaking,Judgingfrom(由…判斷),Considering考慮到,(eg)Consideringthebadweather,thesportsmeetingiscanceled/calledoff.Supposing假設(shè)，(eg)Supposing

youreadonepagemoreeveryday,youwillfindsomedifferenceinyouview.providing假如…的話(eg)Youshallgettheiphone6sproviding/ifyoucanwinthefirstplace.1.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,__________seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.[cause]2.___________atmyclassmates'faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.[look]3.___________byhisstrangebehavior,hescreamedandranaway.[astonish]4.________________theexamdayandnight,hefinallygotsatisfyingscores.[prepare]5.______________whattodo,hekeptaskinghisfriendsforadvice.

[know]8.Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,____________tomissanypoint.[try]9.___________________abouttherobberyinthebank,helefthisvaluablesathome.

[warn]causingLookingAstonishedHavingpreparedNotknowingtryingnot

HavingbeenwarnedTimetopractice!綜合練習(xí)1．Sowhatarethemajor__________(contribute)factorsinthe

successofMathsteaching?2．Thesesmarthomes_______(keep)ussecureandcomfortable

willbewelcomedbymostfamilies.3．Time________(permit),Iexpecttohavemoresparetimeto

spendwithmyfamily.4．Behindhishouseliesapond________(measure)about2meters

across.5．I’mtiredout.Istayedupthewholenight,______(study)for

myprojectduetoday.contributingkeepingpermittingmeasuringstudying綜合練習(xí)6．___________(wait)forherfortwohoursinthepark,Ihadto

leave.7．Iheardapassengerbehindme______(shout)tothedriver,

andherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.8．Shehasneverseensuchacollectivededicationfromanation,

______(turn)thingsforthebetterbysacrificingpersonal

convenience.9．Notseeingorhearinganyfireengines________(approach),

Grantrushedtoasideentranceandranupthestairs.10．HeisastudentatOxfordUniver