山東省濟(jì)南市2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省濟(jì)南市2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AMelbourneAirportisthesecondbusiestairportinAustralia.Ifyou’reoneofthoseluckypeoplepassingthroughMelbourne,here’swhatyouneedtoknowaboutit.MelbourneAirportCode,Location,andContactInformation?MelbourneAirportCode:MEL?Location:DepartureDr,Tullamarine,Victoria,Australia3045?Website:https://www.melbourneairport.com.au/?PhoneNumber:+61392971600KnowBeforeYouGoMelbourneAirportisabusyairportwithfourterminals(航站樓).Thereareclearsignsthroughouteachterminaltohelpyoumakeyourwaythroughcheck-inandsecurity.Beforeyourflight,youcancheckwhichterminalyourairlineisinontheMelbourneAirportwebsite.Ingeneral,Terminal1isaQantasdomesticcenter,Terminal2isinternationalflights.Terminal3isaVirginAustraliadomesticcenter,andTerminal4isallotherdomesticairlinessuchasJetstarandTigerAir.WheretoEatandDrinkMelbourneisabig,food-lovingcityanditshowsthatinitsairport.Whetheryou’relookingforaquickgrab-and-gomealorasit-downexperience,thereareplentyofchoices.SomeofthebestspotsforeatinganddrinkingincludeCafeVu(Terminal2),whichoffersFrench-inspiredfood.Brunetti(Terminals2and4)usanexcellentspotfortastingMelbourne’scoffeeandbitingintoanItaliandeasert.Baxa(Terminal2)isaVietnamesefast-casualrestaurantthatserveswarmnoodles.CheckoutTwoJohnsTaphouse(Terminal2and4)foralocalbeerandpubfood.WiFiandChargingStationMelbourneAirportoffersfreeWiFithroughoutitsterminals.Toconnecttothe“AirportFreeWiFi,”simplyenteryourdetails,acceptthetermsandconditions,andclick“startbrowsing.”Chargingstationsarefreelyavailableandlocatedthroughouttheairport.1.WhichterminaldopassengersneedtogotowhenflyingfromMelbournetoLondon?A.Terminal1. B.Terminal2. C.Terminal3. D.Terminal4.2.WhichrestaurantinMelbourneAirportservesAsianfood?A.Baxa. B.Brunetti. C.CafeVu.D.TwoJohnsTaphouse.3.WhatisrequiredforapassengertousefreeWiFi?A.Buyingatelephonecard. B.Settingupanapplication.C.Fillinginpersonalinformation. D.Calling+61392971600forcode.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了墨爾本機(jī)場的一些情況?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KnowBeforeYouGo部分中“Terminal1isaQantasdomesticcenter,Terminal2isinternationalflights.(1號(hào)航站樓是澳航國內(nèi)航班中心，2號(hào)航站樓是國際航班)”可知，從墨爾本飛往倫敦需要2號(hào)航站樓轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WheretoEatandDrink部分中“Baxa(Terminal2)isaVietnamesefast-casualrestaurantthatserveswarmnoodles.(Baxa（2號(hào)航站樓）是一家提供熱面的越南休閑快餐店)”可知，墨爾本機(jī)場Baxa供應(yīng)亞洲菜。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段WiFiandChargingStation部分中“Toconnecttothe“AirportFreeWiFi,”simplyenteryourdetails,acceptthetermsandconditions,andclick“startbrowsing.”(要連接“機(jī)場免費(fèi)WiFi”，只需輸入您的詳細(xì)信息，接受條款和條件，然后點(diǎn)擊“開始瀏覽”)”可知，乘客申請(qǐng)免費(fèi)WiFi需要填寫個(gè)人信息。故選C。BNatureismorethanbeautifulforonetolookat.ForIndonesiannatureconservationist(環(huán)保主義者)FarwizaFarhan,natureisasilentfriend.Asachild,Farhanoftenclimbedtreeswhenevershehadproblems,stayingthereuntilshecalmeddown.Naturehasalwaysbeenthereforher.Thisiswhyshehasbeentryingtobetherefornaturewhenitneedsherhelp.Farhanbroughtherlovefornaturetohercollegeyears.Shetookamaster’sdegreeinenvironmentalmanagementattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia.In2009,whilestudyingattheuniversity,shehadanopportunitytoworkwithCarbonCaptureandStorageInstitute,aninternationalthinktankthatfocusedoncarboncaptureandstoragetocutdownemissions(排放),andearnedsomemoney.In2012,alongwithseveralofhercoworkers,sheformedtheForest,Nature,andEnvironmentofAcehFoundation(HAkA).In2014,HAkAachievedonehugevictory.makinganoilcompanypay$30millionforthedamageitcausedtotheecosystem.FarhansaidthislandmarkvictorywashistoricbecauseitwasthefirsttimethatIndonesiahadfinedacompanyforburningforests.Besides,HAkAalsostoppedtheconstructionofadamthatputanelephanthabitatinIndonesiaatrisk.HAkA,nowa12-year-oldinstitution,alsohasprogramsforwomensuchasassistantlawyerandcitizenjournalismtrainingandforestguardgroups.Farhansaidtheysawaneedtoempowerwomenasprotectorsoftheenvironmentbecausewomenaremuchmoreaffectedbytheeffectsofenvironmentaldestructionandclimatechange.Theconservationistsaiddisasterssuchascropfailurescouldaffectthefinancialstatus(財(cái)政狀況)offamilies,makingitmorelikelyforthemtoforcewomentobeinarrangedmarriagestogetoutofpovertyorrelocatetoareasfullofviolence.Farhanhaswonseveralawardsandshecommented,“Theworkshouldincludeeveryonefromallwalksoflife.Therecognitionbelongstoallfightingontheground.”4.WhatdidnaturemeantoyoungFarhan?A.Amotherofallthings. B.Ashelterforwildlife.C.Amagicalthemepark. D.Acomfortingpartner.5.WhatdroveFarhantostartHAkA?A.Herworkingpressure. B.Hereconomiccondition.C.Herprograminuniversity. D.Herpassionfromchildhood.6.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkaboutconcerningHAkA?A.Itsstrictstandards. B.Itsbusinessmodel.C.Itsmajorsuccesses. D.Itsrunningsystem.7.WhydidFarhancallonwomentobeenvironmentalfighters?A.Theyaremoresubjecttoeco-crisis. B.Theirhopeforbetterjobsdisappears.C.Theyareloadedwithfamilyduties. D.Theirlifeisthreatenedbyviolence.【答案】4.D5.D6.C7.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了印尼自然保護(hù)主義者法維扎·法爾漢（FarwizaFarhan）為了保護(hù)環(huán)境所付出的努力?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Asachild,Farhanoftenclimbedtreeswhenevershehadproblems,stayingthereuntilshecalmeddown.Naturehasalwaysbeenthereforher.(法爾漢還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，每當(dāng)她遇到問題時(shí)，她就會(huì)爬上樹，呆在那里直到平靜下來。大自然一直陪伴著她)”可知，大自然是法爾漢小時(shí)候安慰的伙伴。故選D。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Asachild,Farhanoftenclimbedtreeswhenevershehadproblems,stayingthereuntilshecalmeddown.Naturehasalwaysbeenthereforher.(法爾漢還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，每當(dāng)她遇到問題時(shí)，她就會(huì)爬上樹，呆在那里直到平靜下來。大自然一直陪伴著她)”以及第三段“Farhanbroughtherlovefornaturetohercollegeyears.(法爾漢把她對(duì)自然的熱愛帶到了大學(xué)時(shí)代)”以及“In2012,alongwithseveralofhercoworkers,sheformedtheForest,Nature,andEnvironmentofAcehFoundation(HAkA).(2012年，她與幾位同事一起成立了森林、自然與環(huán)境基金會(huì)（HAkA）)”可知，童年的激情促使法爾漢創(chuàng)辦HAkA。故選D。【6題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“In2014,HAkAachievedonehugevictory.makinganoilcompanypay$30millionforthedamageitcausedtotheecosystem.FarhansaidthislandmarkvictorywashistoricbecauseitwasthefirsttimethatIndonesiahadfinedacompanyforburningforests.Besides,HAkAalsostoppedtheconstructionofadamthatputanelephanthabitatinIndonesiaatrisk.HAkA,nowa12-year-oldinstitution,alsohasprogramsforwomensuchasassistantlawyerandcitizenjournalismtrainingandforestguardgroups.(2014年，HAkA取得了一個(gè)巨大的勝利。讓一家石油公司為其對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成的破壞支付3000萬美元。法爾漢說，這一具有里程碑意義的勝利是歷史性的，因?yàn)檫@是印度尼西亞首次對(duì)焚燒森林的公司處以罰款。此外，HAkA還停止了一座危及印尼大象棲息地的大壩的建設(shè)。HAkA現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)有12年歷史的機(jī)構(gòu)，它還為女性開設(shè)了助理律師、公民新聞培訓(xùn)和森林保護(hù)組織等項(xiàng)目)”可知，第四段主要講了HAkA主要的成功。故選C。【7題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Farhansaidtheysawaneedtoempowerwomenasprotectorsoftheenvironmentbecausewomenaremuchmoreaffectedbytheeffectsofenvironmentaldestructionandclimatechange.Theconservationistsaiddisasterssuchascropfailurescouldaffectthefinancialstatus(財(cái)政狀況)offamilies,makingitmorelikelyforthemtoforcewomentobeinarrangedmarriagestogetoutofpovertyorrelocatetoareasfullofviolence.(法爾漢說，他們認(rèn)為有必要賦予女性保護(hù)環(huán)境的權(quán)力，因?yàn)榕允艿江h(huán)境破壞和氣候變化的影響要大得多。這位環(huán)保人士說，農(nóng)作物歉收等自然災(zāi)害可能會(huì)影響家庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，使他們更有可能強(qiáng)迫婦女參加包辦婚姻，以擺脫貧困或搬遷到充滿暴力的地區(qū))”可知，法爾漢呼吁女性成為環(huán)境斗士是因?yàn)樗齻兏菀资艿缴鷳B(tài)危機(jī)的影響。故選A。CManypeoplehaveanimmediatenegativereactiontothewordfatButaccordingtoanewstudy,fattissue(組織)itselfisvery,veryimportantforhealth.It’sanimportantplacetostoretheextraenergyinourbody.Fattissueissupposedtobestoredundertheskin.Ifitcan’tgothere,it’sgoingtootherplacessuchasyourliver,heartorpancreas(胰腺).Morefatinthoseorganscouldaffecthowwelltheyfunction.Exercisingregularlyovertimemakesfattissueamoreaccommodatingplaceforextraenergyunderconditionswhenwedogainweight.Toseehowexerciseimpactsfattissue,researcherscomparedfattissuejustundertheskinfromtwogroupsof16peoplewithoverweightproblem:thosewhoreportedexercisingatleastfourtimesaweekforatleast2years,andthosewhodidnotexerciseregularly.Peoplewhohadahistoryofregularexerciseinthepasthadfatcellswithfeaturesthatallowedthemtostoremorefat.Resultfromtheformergroupshowedseveralstructuralchangesinfattissue,includingslightlysmallerfatcellsandmoreofthem,andchangesinproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatadjustbodyfatremodeling.However,manyoftheabovechangesdisappearedwhenregularexercisestopped.Dr.Horowitz,professorofmovementstudiesattheUniversityofMichigan,said,“Thisisoneofthebigreasonswhyitissoimportanttobephysicallyactivemostdays.Alotofthebody’sexerciseshelpyoutokeepgoinglongerorpushharderinyourworks.”Thekeytakeawayofthestudyisthatwe’rebroadeningourunderstandingofwhyitishelpfultoexercise.Therearesomanywaystoexercise,andfiguringoutawaytomakeitpartofthedailyroutineplaysanimportantrole.Ofcourse,youshouldcheckwithyourdoctorfirsttomakesureit’ssafe.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutfattissuefromParagraph1?A.Itismostenergy-demanding. B.Ithaslittletodowithfatness.C.Itslocationmakesadifference. D.Itsfunctionistocontrolhealth.9.Howaretheparticipantsintheresearchgrouped?A.Bytheirhealthproblem. B.Bytheirbodyweight.C.Bytheirworkouthabit. D.Bytheirpersonalhobby.10.WhatisstressedinParagraph3?A.Weightlossdependsonlessfattissue. B.Exercisecanreshapeproteinstructure.C.Hardertrainingresultsinstrongerfattissue. D.Fattissueissensitivetoexercisefrequency.11.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toraiseaproposal. B.Topresentevidence.C.Toprovethefinding. D.Toadvancethestudy.【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了脂肪組織的位置不同會(huì)對(duì)身體有所影響，解釋了相關(guān)研究以及建議多鍛煉?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Fattissueissupposedtobestoredundertheskin.Ifitcan’tgothere,it’sgoingtootherplacessuchasyourliver,heartorpancreas(胰腺).Morefatinthoseorganscouldaffecthowwelltheyfunction.(脂肪組織應(yīng)該儲(chǔ)存在皮膚下。如果它不能到達(dá)那里，它就會(huì)到達(dá)其他地方，比如肝臟、心臟或胰腺。這些器官中的脂肪過多會(huì)影響它們的功能)”可知，脂肪組織的位置不同會(huì)有影響。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Toseehowexerciseimpactsfattissue,researcherscomparedfattissuejustundertheskinfromtwogroupsof16peoplewithoverweightproblem:thosewhoreportedexercisingatleastfourtimesaweekforatleast2years,andthosewhodidnotexerciseregularly.(為了了解運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)脂肪組織的影響，研究人員比較了兩組16名有超重問題的人的皮下脂肪組織：一組報(bào)告說每周至少鍛煉四次，持續(xù)至少兩年，另一組不經(jīng)常鍛煉)”可知，研究參與者通過鍛煉習(xí)慣進(jìn)行分組。故選C?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Resultfromtheformergroupshowedseveralstructuralchangesinfattissue,includingslightlysmallerfatcellsandmoreofthem,andchangesinproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatadjustbodyfatremodeling.However,manyoftheabovechangesdisappearedwhenregularexercisestopped.Dr.Horowitz,professorofmovementstudiesattheUniversityofMichigan,said,“Thisisoneofthebigreasonswhyitissoimportanttobephysicallyactivemostdays.Alotofthebody’sexerciseshelpyoutokeepgoinglongerorpushharderinyourworks.”(前一組的結(jié)果顯示，脂肪組織發(fā)生了一些結(jié)構(gòu)變化，包括脂肪細(xì)胞略小，脂肪細(xì)胞更多，以及調(diào)節(jié)身體脂肪重塑的蛋白質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化。然而，當(dāng)停止定期鍛煉時(shí)，上述許多變化就消失了。密歇根大學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)研究教授霍洛維茨博士說：“這就是為什么大多數(shù)時(shí)候保持身體活躍是如此重要的一個(gè)重要原因。很多身體的鍛煉可以幫助你堅(jiān)持更長時(shí)間或更努力地工作。”)”可知，第三段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是脂肪組織對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)頻率敏感。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thekeytakeawayofthestudyisthatwe’rebroadeningourunderstandingofwhyitishelpfultoexercise.Therearesomanywaystoexercise,andfiguringoutawaytomakeitpartofthedailyroutineplaysanimportantrole.Ofcourse,youshouldcheckwithyourdoctorfirsttomakesureit’ssafe.(這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵結(jié)論是，我們正在拓寬我們對(duì)為什么鍛煉有益的理解。鍛煉的方法有很多，找到一種方法使其成為日常生活的一部分起著重要的作用。當(dāng)然，你應(yīng)該先咨詢你的醫(yī)生，以確保它是安全的)”可知，最后一段的目的是提出建議。故選A。DWhydoesoneplusoneequaltwo?Onepossibleansweris“Itjustdoes!”Thatisreallyadifferentwayofsaying“BecauseIsaidso!”—ananswerthathasbeenannoyingchildrenforgenerations.Mathcanseemlikeaworldofrulesyoujusthavetofollow,whichmakesitseemboring.Butmyloveofmathissomewhatdrivenbymyloveofbreakingrulesoratleastpushingagainstthem,bothofwhichadvancehumanunderstandingandmathematicalunderstanding.Soratherthanthinkaboutwhyoneplusoneistwo,let’sgoalittlefurtherandquestionwhetherit’seventrueallthetime,myyouputonerabbitandanotherrabbittogether.Youmightendupwithmanyrabbits.Sometimes,ifyouputapileofsandontopofanother,thenyoujustgetonepileofsand.AndifIsay“I’mnotnothungry,”thatmeans“I’mhungry.”Youmightthinkthatthesearen’treallysituationsinwhichoneplusoneequalssomethingelse,becausetheyaren’treallyaddition,orbecausethosearen’treallynumbers.You’rewelcometothinkthat,butthat’snotwhatmathdoes.Mathinsteadsays:Let’sworkoutthecontextinwhichoneplusonereallydoesequaltwo,andcontextsinwhichitdoesn’t.Mathisn’treallyaboutgettingtherightanswer,it’saboutbuildinggoodexplanations.Imagineweweredesigningajungle(叢林)gymforchildren.We’dwanttotestitineverypossiblewaytomakesureit’ssafe.We’dwanttojumponit,fallfromit,andtrytopullitoutoftheground,ratherthansimplytrustingthatwebuiltitwell.Thesolidityofmathcomesfromwantingtoknowourframework(框架)willholdup.Oneofthereasonswhytheframeworkissostrongisthatwequestionitsodeeply.Ihopethatwewillstartseeingmathematicsasaplacetoraisequestionsandexploreanswers,ratherthanaplacewheretheanswersarefixedandwe’resupposedtoknowthem.12.Whydoestheauthorlovemath?A.Heenjoysthenumbergames. B.Hefindsuncertaintyinmath.C.Helikesgoingbeyondrules. D.Heknowsandfearsnothing.13.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Contextsdecidemathresults. B.Oneplusonealwaysequalstwo.C.Additionissometimesconfusing. D.Thereisnotricktolearningmath.14.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioningajunglegym?A.Safetycomesfirst. B.Testoutplaystrust.C.Mathkeepsmenexact. D.Practicemakesperfect.15.Howareweexpectedtolearnmathaccordingtothetext?A.Teamupeffectively. B.Questionreasonably.C.Reviewpatiently. D.Countfrequently.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要論述了作者喜愛數(shù)學(xué)的原因以及對(duì)如何學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的一些見解?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butmyloveofmathissomewhatdrivenbymyloveofbreakingrulesoratleastpushingagainstthem,bothofwhichadvancehumanunderstandingandmathematicalunderstanding.(但我對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的熱愛在某種程度上是由我對(duì)打破規(guī)則的熱愛所驅(qū)動(dòng)的，或者至少是對(duì)規(guī)則的挑戰(zhàn)，這兩者都促進(jìn)了人類的理解和對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的理解)”可知，作者喜歡數(shù)學(xué)因?yàn)橄矚g打破常規(guī)。故選C?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Soratherthanthinkaboutwhyoneplusoneistwo,let’sgoalittlefurtherandquestionwhetherit’seventrueallthetime,myyouputonerabbitandanotherrabbittogether.Youmightendupwithmanyrabbits.Sometimes,ifyouputapileofsandontopofanother,thenyoujustgetonepileofsand.AndifIsay“I’mnotnothungry,”thatmeans“I’mhungry.”(所以與其思考為什么1加1等于2，不如進(jìn)一步思考一下，如果你把一只兔子和另一只兔子放在一起，它是否一直都是正確的。你可能會(huì)得到很多兔子。有時(shí)候，如果你把一堆沙子放在另一堆沙子上，那么你只會(huì)得到一堆沙子。如果我說“我不是不餓”，意思是“我餓了”)”可知，語境決定數(shù)學(xué)成績。故選A?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Imagineweweredesigningajungle(叢林)gymforchildren.We’dwanttotestitineverypossiblewaytomakesureit’ssafe.We’dwanttojumponit,fallfromit,andtrytopullitoutoftheground,ratherthansimplytrustingthatwebuiltitwell.Thesolidityofmathcomesfromwantingtoknowourframework(框架)willholdup.Oneofthereasonswhytheframeworkissostrongisthatwequestionitsodeeply.(想象一下，我們正在為孩子們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)叢林健身房。我們想要用各種可能的方法來測(cè)試它，以確保它是安全的。我們想要跳上去，從上面掉下來，試著把它從地上拉出來，而不是簡單地相信我們把它造得很好。數(shù)學(xué)的堅(jiān)固性來自于我們想知道我們的框架是否能夠支撐起來。這個(gè)框架如此強(qiáng)大的原因之一是我們對(duì)它的質(zhì)疑如此深刻)”可知，作者提到攀爬架是為了表明測(cè)試勝過信任。故選B?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ihopethatwewillstartseeingmathematicsasaplacetoraisequestionsandexploreanswers,ratherthanaplacewheretheanswersarefixedandwe’resupposedtoknowthem.(我希望我們開始把數(shù)學(xué)看作是一個(gè)提出問題和探索答案的地方，而不是一個(gè)答案是固定的，我們應(yīng)該知道它們的地方)”可知，學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)該合理提問。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Youcanlivealow-wastelifestyle.Thekeyistobecreativeaboutredesigningyourbehavior.Hereareafewsimplewaystoreduceyourtrashoutput.Writealistofthetrashyouproduce.Organizeitbytheroomsinyourhouseorbyactivity.Youmightwrite“foodwaste,plasticbagsandmetalcans”under“cooking”,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutrackthetrashyou’recreating.___16___Lookattheemptycontainersyouarethrowingawayandfigureoutalow-wastesolution.Reusetheminsteadofbuyingnewones.___17___Youmayalsoconsiderusinganemptyteacontainertostorerice.___18___YoucancutoldT-shirtsintopiecesforcleaningup.Moreover,thinkabouthowtocreativelysaveyourfood.Forexample,putoverripebananasinthefreezertomakebananabreadlater.Oruseanorangeskintomakeacandleusingvegetableoil.Alow-wastelifestyleisn’tjustaboutwhatyoudoathome.___19___Chooseadigitalreceiptatshopsinsteadofapaperone.Wheneatingout,bringyourownreusablefork.Oraskthewaiterstofillupyourowncoffeecupinsteadofasingle-useone.Remember,reducingwasteisaboutfindingsustainablechangesthatfityourlifestyle.___20___.You’llbepartofthesolutiontoenvironmentalpollutionandclimatechange.A.Startsmallandbuildup.B.Wastewillendupinlandfills.C.Theycanbegivenbacktoshops.D.Trytorescuewhatevercanbeused.E.YoucanuseemptyboxestostorecandiesF.Thus,youcanidentifymanageablewaystoreduceit.G.Itisalsoaboutlookingforwaystoautwasteelsewhere【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.G20.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。你可以過一種低浪費(fèi)的生活，關(guān)鍵是要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性地重新設(shè)計(jì)你的行為。文章主要就減少垃圾產(chǎn)生給出了一些建議?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Writealistofthetrashyouproduce.Organizeitbytheroomsinyourhouseorbyactivity.Youmightwrite“foodwaste,plasticbagsandmetalcans”under“cooking”,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutrackthetrashyou’recreating.(把你制造的垃圾寫一張清單。按房間或活動(dòng)來組織。你可以在“烹飪”下面寫“食物垃圾、塑料袋和金屬罐”等等。這將幫助你跟蹤你在制造的垃圾)”可知，上文建議為制造的垃圾寫清單，本句為本段最后一句，故說明這么做的好處。故F選項(xiàng)“這樣，你可以找到可管理的方法來減少它”符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Lookattheemptycontainersyouarethrowingawayandfigureoutalow-wastesolution.Reusetheminsteadofbuyingnewones.(看看你扔掉的空容器，找出一個(gè)低浪費(fèi)的解決方案。重復(fù)使用，而不是買新的)”以及后文“Youmayalsoconsiderusinganemptyteacontainertostorerice.(你也可以考慮用一個(gè)空的茶葉容器來儲(chǔ)存大米)”可知，空格處句子與后文并列，都是針對(duì)如何重新利用空容器進(jìn)行舉例說明。故E選項(xiàng)“你可以用空盒子儲(chǔ)存糖果”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“YoucancutoldT-shirtsintopiecesforcleaningup.Moreover,thinkabouthowtocreativelysaveyourfood.Forexample,putoverripebananasinthefreezertomakebananabreadlater.Oruseanorangeskintomakeacandleusingvegetableoil.(你可以把舊T恤剪成碎片以便清理。此外，想想如何創(chuàng)造性地保存你的食物。例如，把熟透的香蕉放在冰箱里，以后做香蕉面包?；蛘哂瞄僮悠び弥参镉妥鱿灎T)”可知，本段主要就如何重新利用家中的物品進(jìn)行了說明。故D選項(xiàng)“盡力搶救一切可用的東西”符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Alow-wastelifestyleisn’tjustaboutwhatyoudoathome.(低浪費(fèi)的生活方式不僅僅是你在家做的事情)”可知，上文提到“低浪費(fèi)的生活方式不僅僅是你在家做的事情”，推測(cè)本句承接上文，進(jìn)一步解釋說明低浪費(fèi)的生活方式的意義。故G選項(xiàng)“這也是關(guān)于尋找其他地方不浪費(fèi)的方法”符合語境，故選G。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Remember,reducingwasteisaboutfindingsustainablechangesthatfityourlifestyle.(記住，減少浪費(fèi)就是找到適合你生活方式的可持續(xù)變化)”以及后文“You’llbepartofthesolutiontoenvironmentalpollutionandclimatechange.(你將成為解決環(huán)境污染和氣候變化的一份子)”可知，本段為總結(jié)段落，上文提到減少浪費(fèi)是找到可持續(xù)變化，說明是一個(gè)過程，需要慢慢開始。故A選項(xiàng)“從小處開始，慢慢積累”符合語境，故選A。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIfinallyachievedmylifelongdreamtocompletemyPhD(博士學(xué)位),itwaswithmydaughter.Ihadalwayshad___21___inmystudies.BythetimeIcompletedmyMaster’sinEconomicsin1985,IwassurethatI___22___togetaPhD.Withinayearaftermypostgraduate,Ifaceda___23___intheroad:Ajobopportunity.Idecidedtoputmydegree___24___.Afewyearsdowntheline,Igotmarriedandhadmyfirstchild.In2007,opportunitycame___25___again.ButperhapsI___26___toosoon.Oneday,duringanearly-morninghike,Isuddenly___27___andfell,seriouslyinjuringmyleftankle.Sixmonthslater,___28___asIwas,thestepsforPhDwereallimpossible.Forthenextfiveyears,I___29___onnewpostingsandmydayswerefilledwithworkandfamily.WhenmyelderdaughterShreyabeganaPhD,itseemedliketheperfectopportunityto____30____heronthePhDjourney.InDecember2012,Ieventually____31____myPhDprogrammeatDelhiUniversity.Istillremembertheprofessorandstudentslooked____32____surprisedwhentheysawa50-somethingstudentinclass.Lifegetsinthewayand____33____youoffcourse.Butstaying____34____totheoriginalselfandhavingbeliefinyourselfmakeallthedifference,especiallywhenyou’reontheroadless____35____.21.A.confidence B.support C.time D.trouble22.A.managed B.wanted C.dared D.begged23.A.crash B.sign C.fork D.stage24.A.inhand B.inreturn C.onpurpose D.onhold25.A.missing B.knocking C.warning D.cheering26.A.dropped B.changed C.celebrated D.agreed27.A.tripped B.moved C.stopped D.rushed28.A.grounded B.excited C.alarmed D.pained29.A.relied B.focused C.checked D.planned30.A.encourage B.trust C.push D.partner31.A.quitted B.copied C.discovered D.started32.A.predictably B.comfortably C.strangely D.coldly33.A.sends B.burns C.forces D.cuts34.A.simple B.equal C.true D.clear35.A.travelled B.opened C.blocked D.preferred【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.D25.B26.C27.A28.A29.B30.D31.D32.A33.C34.C35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者一直懷揣攻讀博士學(xué)位的夢(mèng)想，但因工作和家庭等因素多次擱置，后來在50多歲時(shí)和女兒一起開啟博士課程，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，并感悟到忠于本真和相信自己的重要性?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直對(duì)自己的學(xué)業(yè)充滿信心。A.confidence信心；B.support支持；C.time時(shí)間；D.trouble麻煩。根據(jù)下文“BythetimeIcompletedmyMaster’sinEconomicsin1985,IwassurethatI______togetaPhD.”可知，作者讀完經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，還計(jì)劃攻讀博士學(xué)位，因此是對(duì)自己的學(xué)業(yè)充滿信心。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：1985年我完成經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)碩士學(xué)位時(shí)，就確定自己想要攻讀博士學(xué)位。A.managed設(shè)法做到；B.wanted想要；C.dared敢于；D.begged懇求。根據(jù)上文“WhenIfinallyachievedmylifelongdreamtocompletemyPhD(博士學(xué)位)”可知，攻讀博士學(xué)位是作者畢生的夢(mèng)想，因此是確定自己想要攻讀博士學(xué)位。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究生畢業(yè)后不到一年，我就面臨著一個(gè)岔路口：一個(gè)工作機(jī)會(huì)。A.crash碰撞；B.sign標(biāo)志；C.fork岔路口；D.stage階段。根據(jù)下文“Ajobopportunity”可知，作者碩士畢業(yè)后得到了一個(gè)工作機(jī)會(huì)，這和之前她規(guī)劃的繼續(xù)攻讀學(xué)位的計(jì)劃有沖突，因此是指面臨著一個(gè)岔路口，岔路口代表人生中的重要選擇和決策點(diǎn)?。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我決定暫緩攻讀博士學(xué)位。A.inhand在手中；B.inreturn作為回報(bào)；C.onpurpose故意；D.onhold暫停。根據(jù)下文“Afewyearsdowntheline,Igotmarriedandhadmyfirstchild.”可知，作者接下來結(jié)了婚并迎來了第一個(gè)孩子，因此她是決定暫緩攻讀博士學(xué)位，短語putsth.onhold意為“暫停某事”。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2007年，機(jī)會(huì)再次降臨。A.missing錯(cuò)過；B.knocking敲擊；C.warning警告；D.cheering歡呼。根據(jù)下文“thestepsforPhDwereallimpossible”可知，作者是打算申請(qǐng)攻讀博士學(xué)位的，因此是指機(jī)會(huì)再次敲門，即機(jī)會(huì)再次降臨。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但或許我慶祝得太早了。A.dropped掉落；B.changed改變；C.celebrated慶祝；D.agreed答應(yīng)。根據(jù)下文“thestepsforPhDwereallimpossible”可知，對(duì)于作者而言，她又一次無法攻讀博士學(xué)位，由此推知，她為新機(jī)會(huì)慶祝得太早了。故選C。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一天清晨徒步時(shí)，我突然絆倒，左腳踝嚴(yán)重受傷。A.tripped絆倒；B.moved移動(dòng)；C.stopped停止；D.rushed匆忙。根據(jù)下文“andfell,seriouslyinjuringmyleftankle”可推知，作者是突然絆倒，導(dǎo)致左腳踝嚴(yán)重受傷。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：六個(gè)月后，盡管我被禁足了，但攻讀博士學(xué)位的步驟是不可能的。A.grounded被罰不準(zhǔn)出門的；B.excited興奮的；C.alarmed驚慌的；D.pained痛苦的。根據(jù)上文“Oneday,duringanearly-morninghike,Isuddenly______andfell,seriouslyinjuringmyleftankle.”可知，作者在徒步時(shí)左腳踝嚴(yán)重受傷，因此六個(gè)月后應(yīng)該還沒有完全恢復(fù)，無法出門，被禁足在家。故選A。【29題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來的五年里，我專注于新的工作崗位，日子里滿是工作和家庭。A.relied依靠；B.focused關(guān)注；C.checked檢查；D.planned計(jì)劃。根據(jù)下文“mydayswerefilledwithworkandfamily”可知，作者的日子里滿是工作和家庭，因此是專注于新的工作崗位，短語focuson意為“專注于”。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我的大女兒Shreya開始攻讀博士學(xué)位時(shí)，這似乎是一個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)，能讓我和她結(jié)伴踏上攻讀博士的征程。A.encourage鼓勵(lì)；B.trust信任；C.push推動(dòng)；D.partner結(jié)成伙伴。根據(jù)上文“WhenIfinallyachievedmylifelongdreamtocompletemyPhD(博士學(xué)位),itwaswithmydaughter.”可知，作者和女兒一起完成攻讀博士學(xué)位，因此是和女兒結(jié)伴踏上攻讀博士的征程。故選D。【31題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2012年12月，我最終在德里大學(xué)開始了我的博士課程。A.quitted離開；B.copied復(fù)制；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.started開始。根據(jù)下文“Istillremembertheprofessorandstudentslooked______surprisedwhentheysawa50-somethingstudentinclass.”可知，作者進(jìn)入課堂，重新做回學(xué)生，因此是在德里大學(xué)開始了自己的博士課程。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我仍然記得，當(dāng)教授和學(xué)生看到一個(gè)50多歲的學(xué)生在課堂上時(shí)，他們都表現(xiàn)出意料之中的驚訝。A.predictably可預(yù)見地；B.comfortably舒適地；C.strangely奇怪地；D.coldly冷淡地。根據(jù)下文“whentheysawa50-somethingstudentinclass”可推知，教授和其他學(xué)生看到作者這樣一個(gè)50多歲的學(xué)生，按照常理來預(yù)測(cè)，會(huì)驚訝是很正常的，因此是指他們都表現(xiàn)出意料之中的驚訝。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：生活總會(huì)橫生枝節(jié)，迫使你偏離原定軌跡。A.sends發(fā)送；B.burns燃燒；C.forces迫使；D.cuts切割。根據(jù)上文“Lifegetsintheway”可知，生活總會(huì)橫生枝節(jié)，因此會(huì)迫使人偏離原定軌跡。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但忠于本真、相信自己至關(guān)重要，尤其是當(dāng)你踏上一條少有人走的路時(shí)。A.simple簡單的；B.equal平等的；C.true忠實(shí)的；D.clear清楚的。根據(jù)下文“havingbeliefinyourself”可推知，與相信自己呼應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是忠于本真，短語staytrueto意為“忠于，堅(jiān)持”。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但忠于本真、相信自己至關(guān)重要，尤其是當(dāng)你踏上一條少有人走的路時(shí)。A.travelled走過；B.opened打開；C.blocked堵塞；D.preferred更喜歡。根據(jù)上文敘述的作者在50多歲時(shí)和女兒一起開啟博士課程，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)攻讀博士學(xué)位的夢(mèng)想可知，作者選擇了一條很少有人選擇走的路，因此這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是踏上一條少有人走的路的情況。故選A。高一英語試題第10頁（共12頁）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。Peruisacountry___36___thePacificcoastofSouthAmerica.It___37___(have)threemainareas:narrow,dry,andflatland___38___(run)alongshecoast,theAndesMountains,andtheAmazonrainforest.Inthepast,Peru___39___(rule)bySpainfromthesixteenthcenturyto1821.ItisforthisreasonthatSpanishisthemainofficiallanguageofPeru.【答案】36.on37.has38.running39.wasruled【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了秘魯?shù)淖匀坏乩砬闆r以及歷史。【36題詳析】考查介詞。句意：秘魯是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一個(gè)國家。表示在南美洲太平洋沿岸，應(yīng)用介詞on。故填on?！?7題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：它有三個(gè)主要區(qū)域：沿著海岸的狹窄、干燥和平坦的土地，安第斯山脈和亞馬遜雨林。陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為It，謂語用三單形式。故填has。【38題詳析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它有三個(gè)主要區(qū)域：沿著海岸的狹窄、干燥和平坦的土地，安第斯山脈和亞馬遜雨林。run和land之間是主謂關(guān)系，使用現(xiàn)在分詞，作后置定語。故填running。【39題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在過去，秘魯從16世紀(jì)到1821年被西班牙統(tǒng)治。主語thecentreofthepowerfulancientIncaEmpire和動(dòng)詞rule之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合“Inthepast”可知，此處使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語表示單數(shù)意義，謂語用單數(shù)。故填wasruled。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。Therearesignsbeforenaturaldisasters.Butpeopletendnottothinkmuchofthem.NeitherdidpeopleinTangshanin1976.At3:42a.m.onJuly28,___40___theearthbegantoshake,the___41___(city)onemillionpeoplewereasleepasusual.Oneofthemostdeadly___42___(earthquake)ofthe20thcenturydestroyedallthecityalmostinlessthanoneminute.【答案】40.when41.city’s42.earthquakes【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了唐山地震發(fā)生前的先兆?！?0題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：7月28日凌晨3點(diǎn)42分大地開始震動(dòng)，這座城市的100萬人像往常一樣在睡夢(mèng)中。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞3:42a.m.onJuly28，在從句作時(shí)間狀語，故填when?！?1題詳析】考查所有格。句意：7月28日凌晨3點(diǎn)42分大地開始震動(dòng)，這座城市的100萬人像往常一樣在睡夢(mèng)中。此處city與people為所屬關(guān)系，用名詞所有格形式。故填city’s?！?2題詳析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：20世紀(jì)最致命的地震之一幾乎在一分鐘內(nèi)就摧毀了整個(gè)城市。此處為oneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填earthquakes。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容