江西省吉安市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試 英語 含解析

吉安市高二上學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題2025.1(測試時間：120分鐘卷面總分：150分)注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑;回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Wherewasthewomaninherteens?A.InPhiladelphia.B.InNewJersey.C.InLosAngeles.2.Whatisthemanlikelytodonext?A.Changethetraffic.B.Leavethecollege.C.Findanotherapartment.3.Whendothespeakersbegintherideatleast?A.At7:50.B.At7:20.C.At6:40.4.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Depressed.B.Content.C.Sorrowful.5.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tomakeacomplaint.B.Toaskforhelp.C.Torentacar.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WheredoesLinlinintendtogoonthevacation?A.London.B.NewYork.C.DaliangMountain.7.Whatcanwesayabouttheman?A.Heiscurious.B.Heiscourageous.C.Heisgenerous.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhyisEmmalateagain?A.Shehastodosomecooking.B.Shehasattendedaneveningclass.C.Shehasseenherhusbandoff.9.WhowilllookafterEmma’sbabywhilesheisout?A.Olivia.B.Herparents.C.Herhusband.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Howmanypeoplearethereinthepartytomorrowevening?A.Ten.B.Eleven.C.Twelve.11.Whowillbringsomehamburgerstotheparty?A.Harper’sfellows.B.AsherandLucas.C.James’brothers.12.Whatcanweknowfromtheconversation?A.HarpershouldreallylikeEthan.B.AsherandLucasareworkmates.C.Ethanhasagoodappetite.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whydidthemanjoinanon-profitorganization?A.Hewantedtochangepeople’sminds.B.Hedecidedtoearnalotofmoney.C.Helivedinagoodenvironment.14Howdidthemanmakeeffortstoimprovetheenvironment?A.Bypickingupsomerubbish.B.Bytryinghisbesttoavoidusingplasticbags.C.Byhavingmanymeetings.15.Whatexactlydidthemandoinhiscampaign?A.Hedescribedtheenvironment.B.Heproducedsomeposters.C.Heorganizedenvironmentalspeeches.16.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandemployee.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Reporterandinterviewee.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whendidthemanandalioncometothespeaker?A.Atnight.B.Duringthedaytime.C.Intheafternoon.18.Howdidthespeakerfeelwhenshefirstsawthelion?A.Disappointed.B.Excited.C.Surprised.19.Howwasthelioninjured?A.Itwascutbyaknife.B.Itsteppedonanail.C.Itwashurtbysmallcats.20.Whatdidthespeakertellthemantodo?A.Letthelionhavearest.B.Getthelionbackintwoweeks.C.Changebandagesforthelioninaweek.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ASmarthometechnologyislikesomethingoutofasciencefictionmovie.It’spossibletocontrolalmostanythingthatrunswithelectricityinyourhome.Pleaselookatthefollowingitems.ASmartSpeakerOneofthefirstthingsasmarthomedecorationneedsisasmartspeaker,whichnotonlyprovidesyourhousewithmusicbutalsoadirectlinktoyoursmarthomeitemsthroughyourvoice.It’ssimpletojustaskanintelligentvoiceassistantsuchasSiri,orAlexatocontroltheseitems.Youcangetitonline.EUFYSmartDoorbellOneofthefirstpurchasesalotofhomebuyerswantisasmartdoorbell.Forthis,EUFYmakessomegoodproducts.Thereareafewtochoosefrom,includingtheC210,S220,andS330.Allcanmakeuseofthehouse’swiring.Butitisexpectedtogoonsalenextyear.WyzeSmartLightSmartlightingisanothersmarthomeupgradethatalotoffolkseasilyuse.ThisisafiercelycompetitivemarketthatincludesPhilips,LIFX,Nooie,andNanoleaf.Aswiththesmartspeaker,it’sagoodideatostaywithinonefamilyofsmartlightsifpossible.It’slikelythatyoucangetitsoon.LutronSmartSwitchSmartswitchescanautomatealotofthings.Someevencomewithsensors(傳感器)thatautomaticallyturnonandoffasyouwalkthroughthehouse.Thebiggestbenefitoftheseisthattheystillactlikeanyoldswitchwithoutelectricity.That’stosay,youcanusethemasusualwithoutWi-Ficonnection.Youmayhavetowaituntiltheyearafternexttopurchaseit.1.Whichofthefollowingisavailablenow?A.ASmartSpeaker. B.LutronSmartSwitch.C.WyzeSmartLight. D.EUFYSmartDoorbell.2.WhatdoweknowaccordingtoEUFYSmartDoorbell?A.Homebuyersneedhouses.B.EUFYisaproducerofsmartdoorbell.C.EUFYusedtobeapurchaserofsmartproducts.D.Nowiresareneededwhenusingthesmartdoorbell.3.WhattopbenefitdoesLutronSmartSwitchoffer?A.Turningonandofffreely. B.Keepingupwithwalking.C.ConnectingtoWi-Fisafely. D.Workingnormallywithoutelectricity.【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了智能家居技術(shù)及其相關(guān)的智能設(shè)備，如智能音箱、智能門鈴、智能燈光和智能開關(guān)等，為讀者提供了關(guān)于智能家居產(chǎn)品的信息和選擇建議?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ASmartSpeaker部分中的“Youcangetitonline.(你可以在網(wǎng)上購買到它。)”可知，智能音箱現(xiàn)在可以在網(wǎng)上買到。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章EUFYSmartDoorbell部分中的“Oneofthefirstpurchasesalotofhomebuyerswantisasmartdoorbell.Forthis,EUFYmakessomegoodproducts.(很多購房者首先想要購買的產(chǎn)品之一就是智能門鈴。對于這一需求，EUFY推出了一些不錯的產(chǎn)品。)”可知，EUFY生產(chǎn)智能門鈴，是智能門鈴的生產(chǎn)商。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章LutronSmartSwitch部分中“Someevencomewithsensors(傳感器)thatautomaticallyturnonandoffasyouwalkthroughthehouse.Thebiggestbenefitoftheseisthattheystillactlikeanyoldswitchwithoutelectricity.(有些智能開關(guān)甚至配備傳感器，當(dāng)你在屋內(nèi)走動時，它們會自動開啟和關(guān)閉。這些開關(guān)最大的優(yōu)點是，在沒有電的情況下，它們?nèi)阅芟衿胀ㄩ_關(guān)一樣工作。)”可知，Lutron智能開關(guān)最大的優(yōu)點是在沒有電的情況下仍能像普通開關(guān)一樣工作，即可以在無電狀態(tài)下正常使用。故選D。BMyfathermanagedtheemployeekitchenattheAspenAlpsHotelabout20minutesaway.Hereceivedtrainingatarestaurantmanagementschoolwhenhewasyoung.AttheAspenAlpsHotel,he’dgotoandfromworkbyskiingearly,andpreparethefoodfortheday.Mymotherwasamusicperformerthere.Sheplayed26instruments,allself-taught,butshecouldn’tskate.Soeveryweekend,myfatherwouldteachmymothertoskate.Andthey’reusedtoleavingmeathome.IfirstputonapairofskiswhenIwas5.IaskedmyfatherwhyIdidn’tgettogo.Hesaid,“It’sexpensive,andyoudon’tknowhowtoskiyet.Whenyou’rebigger,youcanjoinus.”Dayslater,Iputonhisbootsandhikedupintothebrushbehindthehouse.BythetimeIwas6,Iwasreallyskiingwithmyparents.AssoonasIbeganskiingonthemountain,I’dcomestraightdownthehill.Everyonewascrazy.WhenIwas9,someonesuggestedItrainwiththeracingteamattheAspenAlps.Iwascleaninghousesforothersthen,butIwasn’tearningenoughforthetuition(學(xué)費).Acoupleofmonthslater,myparentstoldmeI’dbeabletojointhefemaleteam.Myfathersaid,“Someonehassteppedforwardonyourbehalf.Wedon’tknowwho.Justdoyourbest.”Traininggavemetheopportunitytocompete.Ilaterfoundoutwhocoveredmyski-teamtuition.ItwasthemanwhosehouseIhadbeencleaning.OnedaywhileIcleanedhisdaughter’stoilet,hewatchedmequietlyfromthedoorway.WhenIsawhim,IthoughtIhaddonesomethingwrong.Hesaid,“Thankyouforhowhardyouworkhere.Doitwell,andyoumustrealizeyourdream!”4.Howdidtheauthor’smotherlearnmusicalinstruments?A.Bylearningfromherhusband. B.Bylearningallbyherself.C.Bylearningwithherhusband. D.Bylearningfromherparents.5.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeincleaninghouses?A.Todoherbesttocompete. B.Tostopdoingwrongthings.C.Tomakeherfeardisappear. D.Toearnhertuitionfortraining.6.Whofinancedtheauthortojointheracingteam?A.Herfather. B.Hermother.C.Anemployer. D.Aman’sdaughter.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.YoungGirlConquerstheIceMountain B.YoungGirlDecidestoHelpOthersC.ParentsandBabyGirlWintheGame D.ParentsandBabyGirlOvercomeDifficulties【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從小在父母的影響下接觸滑雪，后來通過為別人打掃房子賺取學(xué)費，并最終在一位好心人的幫助下得以加入滑雪隊訓(xùn)練的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Sheplayed26instruments,allself-taught,butshecouldn’tskate.(她會演奏26種樂器，全是自學(xué)的，但她不會滑冰。)”可知，作者的母親會演奏26種樂器，全是自學(xué)的。故選B。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“WhenIwas9,someonesuggestedItrainwiththeracingteamattheAspenAlps.Iwascleaninghousesforothersthen,butIwasn’tearningenoughforthetuition(學(xué)費).(我9歲時，有人建議我去阿斯彭阿爾卑斯酒店的滑雪隊訓(xùn)練。那時我在給別人打掃房子，但掙的錢還不夠交學(xué)費。)”可知，作者9歲時有人建議她去阿斯彭阿爾卑斯酒店的滑雪隊訓(xùn)練，那時她通過給別人打掃房子來掙學(xué)費，只是掙得不夠。所以作者打掃房子的主要目的是掙訓(xùn)練的學(xué)費。故選D。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ilaterfoundoutwhocoveredmyski-teamtuition.ItwasthemanwhosehouseIhadbeencleaning.(后來我知道了是誰幫我支付了滑雪隊的學(xué)費。是我打掃他家房子的那位男士。)”可知，作者后來發(fā)現(xiàn)是她幫忙打掃房子的雇主幫她支付了滑雪隊的學(xué)費。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章圍繞作者從對滑雪的向往，到努力攢學(xué)費，最終在他人資助下加入滑雪隊展開，突出了一個年輕女孩在滑雪道路上的追求，選項A“YoungGirlConquerstheIceMountain(年輕女孩征服冰山)”能夠很好地概括文章主旨，體現(xiàn)作者在滑雪領(lǐng)域的成長與進取。故選A。CIn1381,theMingarmedforceskilledZhengHe’sfatherandcapturedhimwhenhewastenyearsold.Hebecameaeunuch(太監(jiān))andwassenttoserveinYan’shouseholdofPrinceZhuDi.Helearnedmilitaryandfightingstrategies,aswellasstudiedtheworksofConfucius.Hebecameaveryclosefriendoftheprince.Later,HefoughtonPrinceYan’ssideandaccompaniedhimonnumerousbattlesthroughoutChina.HewasakeyplayerinYan’sgainingimperialpower(政權(quán)).In1404,ZhengHewaspromotedtoGrandEunuch.TheYongleEmperorappointedZhengcommanderofalargetreasurefleet(艦隊)andovertwentythousandmen.ZhengHe,atthirty-threeyearsold,hadthehighestrankofanyeunuchinthehistoryofChina.Intheautumnofthefollowingyear,hisfleetleftNanjingforCalicut,locatedonthewestcoastofIndia.Thiswasthefirstofsevenexpeditionsofthetreasurefleet.Overtheyears,hetravelledtomanyareas.Hetradedandmademanydiplomatic(外交的)friendsduringtheseexpeditions.TheYongleEmperordiedin1424.Bythistime,ZhengHe,whowasfifty-threeyearsold,hadalreadyfinishedsixvoyagesandhadbroughtbackmanyenvoysfromvariousforeignlandstomeettheemperor.However,theYongleEmperor’soldestson,ZhuGaozhi,wasmadetheHongxiEmperor.Inhisninemonthrule,theemperorstoppedalltreasurefleetrepairsandconstructionbecauseoftheexpenses.In1426,theHongxiEmperorpassedaway.ThenewrulerwastheXuandeEmperorandhemadeadecisiontosendZhengHeandhistreasurefleetoutonceagain.In1432,whenZhengHewassixty-oneyearsold,heleftwithoneofhislargestfleetsforhisfinalseavoyageacrosstheIndianOcean.ZhengHediedonthereturnvoyagein1433ashisfleetwassailingeastfromCalicut,8.WhydidtheYongleEmperorputZhengHeinsuchahighposition?ABecauseofhishighspiritsandgreatwisdom.B.Becauseofhisextraordinarycourageandstrength.C.Becauseofhiscivilandmilitaryskillsanddevotion.D.Becauseofhisfirmperseveranceandsuperiorability.9.HowoldwasZhengHewhenhefirstvoyaged?A.33. B.34. C.53. D.61.10.WhatwasthereasonwhyZhengHefailedhisvoyagein1425?A.Absenceofmind. B.Fearofenemies.C.Lackofmanpower. D.Shortageoffunds.11.WhichisoneofZhengHe’sachievementsinhisexpeditionsaccordingtothetext?A.PrinceZhuDi’simperialpower. B.Occupyingvariousforeignlands.C.Newbreakthroughsindiplomacy. D.Fleet’srepairsandconstruction.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了中國明朝時期著名航海家鄭和的人生經(jīng)歷，包括他被明朝軍隊俘虜、成為太監(jiān)、在皇宮中服務(wù)、學(xué)習(xí)軍事和儒家思想、輔佐皇子、成為艦隊指揮官、進行多次遠洋航海以及最終逝世等歷史事件。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Helearnedmilitaryandfightingstrategies,aswellasstudiedtheworksofConfucius.(在那里，他學(xué)習(xí)軍事和作戰(zhàn)策略，還研讀孔子的著作。)”第二段“Later,HefoughtonPrinceYan’ssideandaccompaniedhimonnumerousbattlesthroughoutChina.HewasakeyplayerinYan’sgainingimperialpower(政權(quán)).(后來，鄭和追隨燕王，隨他在中國各地征戰(zhàn)無數(shù)。他在燕王奪取政權(quán)的過程中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。)”可知，鄭和學(xué)習(xí)軍事和作戰(zhàn)策略，研讀孔子著作，且追隨燕王四處征戰(zhàn)，在燕王奪取政權(quán)中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用，這體現(xiàn)了他的文韜武略及忠誠，所以永樂皇帝讓他擔(dān)任高位。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheYongleEmperorappointedZhengcommanderofalargetreasurefleet(艦隊)andovertwentythousandmen.ZhengHe,atthirty-threeyearsold,hadthehighestrankofanyeunuchinthehistoryofChina.(永樂皇帝任命鄭和為一支龐大的寶船艦隊統(tǒng)帥，麾下將士逾兩萬。時年三十三歲的鄭和，成為中國歷史上宦官中品級最高者。)”以及第三段“Intheautumnofthefollowingyear,hisfleetleftNanjingforCalicut,locatedonthewestcoastofIndia.Thiswasthefirstofsevenexpeditionsofthetreasurefleet.(次年秋天，鄭和率領(lǐng)艦隊從南京出發(fā)，駛向位于印度西海岸的卡利卡特。這便是寶船艦隊七次遠航中的首次。)”可知，鄭和33歲被永樂皇帝任命他為龐大寶船艦隊的指揮官，而艦隊是在第二年秋天出發(fā)，即鄭和首次航行時是34歲。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“TheYongleEmperordiedin1424.Bythistime,ZhengHe,whowasfifty-threeyearsold,hadalreadyfinishedsixvoyagesandhadbroughtbackmanyenvoysfromvariousforeignlandstomeettheemperor.However,theYongleEmperor’soldestson,ZhuGaozhi,wasmadetheHongxiEmperor.Inhisninemonthrule,theemperorstoppedalltreasurefleetrepairsandconstructionbecauseoftheexpenses.(1424年，永樂皇帝駕崩。此時，五十三歲的鄭和已經(jīng)完成六次航行，并帶回許多來自不同國家的使節(jié)覲見皇帝。然而，永樂皇帝的長子朱高熾即位，成為洪熙皇帝。在其九個月的統(tǒng)治期間，由于開支巨大，皇帝下令停止所有寶船艦隊的修繕與建造工作。)”可知，1424年永樂皇帝去世，他的長子朱高熾即位成為洪熙皇帝，在其九個月的統(tǒng)治期間，由于開支問題，皇帝停止了所有寶船艦隊的維修和建造；由此可知，資金短缺是1425年鄭和無法進行航行的原因。故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Hetradedandmademanydiplomatic(外交的)friendsduringtheseexpeditions.(在這些遠航中，他開展貿(mào)易活動，還結(jié)交了眾多外交友人。)”可知，鄭和在遠航中所取得的成就之一結(jié)交許多外交友人，在外交方面取得了新突破。故選C。DPovertyandinequalityinIndiaremaineverywhere,andnowitseconomyisstruggling.TheIndiangovernment’sto-dolistislong.Buttherearethreeissuesthat,ifdealtwith,couldbringaboutbigimprovements.Theenvironmentisone.Everyyearfarmerssettingfiretoricestrawcreateaheavyseasonalsmog.Thissmoggivesoffotherpoisonousgasestoformbadair,whichmaycauseasmanyas1.2millionprematuredeathsayear,andthusreducetheaveragelifespanbyfouryears.ButmuchofIndia’sairpollutionissimplythepriceofitseconomicprogress.Westerncountrieswentthroughitandtheirdemocraticprocessforcedthemtochange.However,Indiaisnotstrongenoughtoforceacompletechangeinenvironmentalpolicies.Onpaper,Indiahasstronglawsandinstitutionsforprotectingtheenvironment,includingapowerfulNationalGreenAgency,whichhelpsstrengthenenforcement(實施).Itsgovernmenthastakensomebigsteps,adoptingstrictervehicle-emissionsstandards,andachievingsomeambitioussolar-powertargets.Indiaisjustspending$150milliononpublicmessagingandnewequipmenttopersuadefarmersoutofburningtheirfields,andhascloseddownsomeurbancoal-firedpowerstations.Indiansarenotvictimsofthesethoughtfulpoliciesbutofasystem’sfailuretoaccountforanddealwiththeuglierside-effectsofprogress.Attheclimate-changetalksthatledtotheParisagreement,Indiaarguedthatitwasunfairtobepunishedforfollowingthesamepathasdevelopedeconomiesandthuswasallowedtogiverelativelylooseguarantees.Indiapromised,forinstance,thatsolarpowerwillreach36%ofitspowergenerationcapacityby2030,whichsoundsimpressive.Yetthegovernmentitselfpredictsthatitwillonlyaccountfor23%ofactualelectricitygenerationcomparedtocapacity.Coal’sshareisexpectedtofallfrom74%to50%ofthemix,butsincethetotalamountofpowerwillgrow,thatstillmeansaddingmorecoal-burningpowerplants.Whenthegrowthincarbon-dioxideoutputhassloweddownorfalleninmuchoftheworld,includingChina,Indiahasdoubledthatsince2005.Nevertheless,somecountrieshaveshowntolerance.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“premature”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Normal. B.Earlier. C.Delayed. D.Peaceful.13.WhatmainlyledtosuchpollutedairinIndia?A.Povertyandinequality.B.Changingtraditionaltechniques.C.Thesevereeffectsofnaturaldeaths.D.Economicdevelopmentregardlessoftheenvironment.14.Whatistheinternationalcommunity’sattitudetowardsIndianpollution?A.Takingseverepunishment. B.Remainingmorecontrollable.C.Givingrelativeunderstanding. D.Helpingsolveproblemsactively.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Chinaisdoingwellintermsofcuttingcarbon-dioxideoutput.B.Indialiedpurposelyintheglobalclimate-changetalks.C.Indiawillseeafallincarbon-dioxideoutputduetoitsloosepolicies.D.Chinahastakenfewmeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了印度面臨的環(huán)境問題，包括空氣污染、農(nóng)民焚燒秸稈造成的煙霧以及印度政府在環(huán)境保護方面所采取的措施和面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。【12題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“thusreducetheaveragelifespanbyfouryears(進而使人均預(yù)期壽命縮短四年)”可推測，劃線單詞的意思應(yīng)該是“過早”死亡。選項B“earlier”，意為“更早地”，符合語境。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ButmuchofIndia’sairpollutionissimplythepriceofitseconomicprogress.(然而，印度的大部分空氣污染其實就是其經(jīng)濟發(fā)展所要付出的代價。)”可知，印度的大部分空氣污染其實就是其經(jīng)濟發(fā)展所要付出的代價，由此可知，導(dǎo)致印度空氣污染的主要是由不顧環(huán)境的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展導(dǎo)致的。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Attheclimate-changetalksthatledtotheParisagreement,Indiaarguedthatitwasunfairtobepunishedforfollowingthesamepathasdevelopedeconomiesandthuswasallowedtogiverelativelylooseguarantees.(在促成《巴黎協(xié)定》的氣候變化談判中，印度辯稱，因走與發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體相同的發(fā)展道路而受到懲罰是不公平的，因此被允許做出相對寬松的承諾。)”以及“Nevertheless,somecountrieshaveshowntolerance.(盡管如此，一些國家對此表現(xiàn)出了寬容。)”可推測，在氣候變化談判中，印度辯稱因走與發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體相同的道路而受懲罰不公平，所以被允許做出相對寬松的承諾，并且一些國家也表現(xiàn)出了寬容，說明國際社會對印度污染問題持相對理解的態(tài)度。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whenthegrowthincarbon-dioxideoutputhassloweddownorfalleninmuchoftheworld,includingChina,Indiahasdoubledthatsince2005.(當(dāng)包括中國在內(nèi)的世界大部分地區(qū)二氧化碳排放量增長放緩或下降時，自2005年以來，印度的二氧化碳排放量卻翻了一番。)”可知，包括中國在內(nèi)，世界很多地區(qū)二氧化碳排放量增長放緩或下降，而印度自2005年以來排放量翻倍，由此可推斷出中國在減少二氧化碳排放方面做得很好。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyouarelikemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhowanttosavemoney,loseweightorlearnanewskill,theNewYearissuretobringyounewgoals.____16____Identifyspecificgoals.Asyouidentifyyourgoals,bespecific.Ifagoalistoogeneral,itmaybehardtopursue,letaloneachieveit.So,whetheryouaredancing,doingyogaorkick-boxing,youshouldparticipateregularlyeveryweek.____17____Youshouldalsosayyourgoalistoloseacertainamountofweightinacertainamountoftime.____18____Expertssaywritingdownyourgoalisaveryimportantstep.Itgetsthegoaloutofyourbrainandintotherealworld.Writinghasanotherbenefit:Youcanpostyourgoalsomewhereasareminder.Asyousitdownatyourcomputerorpouryourmorningcoffee,yourgoalstaresyouinthefaceandasks,“Whatareyougoingtodoaboutmetoday?”Tellafriendyourgoals.____19____Ifsomeoneelseknowsaboutyourgoals,youareresponsibleforanyprogressorlackofprogress.Yourfriendmightask,“So,howmanypagesofyournovelhaveyouwritten?”Ifyoukeepsaying“none”,youmightfeelbad.Breakdownbiggoalsintosmallones.Notallgoalsarecreatedequal.____20____Forthosebiggergoals,expertssuggestbreakingthemdownintosmallerones.A.Keepupyourgoals.B.Writeyourgoalsdown.C.Somecanbequitebig.D.Itismadeupofmanysmallergoals.E.Tellingsomeoneyourgoalisalsohelpful.F.Thesefollowingsuggestionsallhelptomakeyourgoalsreal.G.Tomakethegoalmorespecific,youshouldjoinaregularexerciseclass.【答案】16.F17.G18.B19.E20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要圍繞新年新目標(biāo)這一主題，給出了五個具體的建議來幫助讀者實現(xiàn)他們的目標(biāo)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Ifyouarelikemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhowanttosavemoney,loseweightorlearnanewskill,theNewYearissuretobringyounewgoals.(無論是學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言，還是掌握一項新技能，新年必定會為你帶來新目標(biāo)。)”可知，文章開篇提到新年會帶來新目標(biāo)，后文圍繞如何實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)給出具體建議。選項F“Thesefollowingsuggestionsallhelptomakeyourgoalsreal.(以下這些建議都有助于將你的目標(biāo)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實。)”起到承上啟下的作用，引出下文具體的建議，交代了文章主旨。故選F。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Asyouidentifyyourgoals,bespecific.Ifagoalistoogeneral,itmaybehardtopursue,letaloneachieveit.So,whetheryouaredancing,doingyogaorkick-boxing,youshouldparticipateregularlyeveryweek.(在確定目標(biāo)時，務(wù)必要具體。如果目標(biāo)過于籠統(tǒng)，可能很難去追求，更別說實現(xiàn)了。所以，不管你是跳舞、練瑜伽還是練搏擊，都應(yīng)該每周定期參與。)”可知，上文提到目標(biāo)要具體，比如參加定期的每周運動。選項G“Tomakethegoalmorespecific,youshouldjoinaregularexerciseclass.(為了讓目標(biāo)更具體，你應(yīng)該參加一個定期的健身課程。)”進一步闡述了如何讓目標(biāo)更具體，符合語境。故選G?！?8題詳解】空處為小標(biāo)題，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Expertssaywritingdownyourgoalisaveryimportantstep.Itgetsthegoaloutofyourbrainandintotherealworld.Writinghasanotherbenefit:Youcanpostyourgoalsomewhereasareminder.(專家表示，寫下目標(biāo)是非常重要的一步。這能讓目標(biāo)從你的腦海中落地到現(xiàn)實世界。寫下目標(biāo)還有另一個好處：你可以把目標(biāo)張貼在某個地方作為提醒。)”可知，本段主要建議讀者寫下目標(biāo)。選項B“Writeyourgoalsdown.(寫下你的目標(biāo)。)”符合本文主旨。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Tellafriendyourgoals(把你的目標(biāo)告訴朋友)”可知，本段主要建議讀者告訴朋友自己的目標(biāo)。選項E“Tellingsomeoneyourgoalisalsohelpful.(把目標(biāo)告訴別人也很有幫助。)”與主旨相符，同時自然引出下文“Ifsomeoneelseknowsaboutyourgoals,youareresponsibleforanyprogressorlackofprogress.(如果其他人知道你的目標(biāo)，你就得對取得的任何進展或毫無進展負(fù)責(zé)。)”，指出把目標(biāo)告訴別人，可以使我們的目標(biāo)有進展。故選E。【20題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Forthosebiggergoals,expertssuggestbreakingthemdownintosmallerones.(對于那些更大的目標(biāo)，專家建議把它們分解成更小的目標(biāo)。)”可推測，空處和大目標(biāo)有關(guān)。選項C“Somecanbequitebig.(有些目標(biāo)可能相當(dāng)大。)”指出有些目標(biāo)可能會存在太大的問題，自然引出下文針對目標(biāo)太大的解決方法，指出大的目標(biāo)要分解為小目標(biāo)。故選C。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Fishingoutsidewithmyfamilyhasgivenmenewideasandfeelings.A(n)____21____forthesportrunsdeepinmyfamily.Iwasintroducedtofishingatanearlyage.Mygrandpawasabigchampion____22____inthePhilippines.Helovedthesportandwasskilledatit,too.ThesedaysI____23____saltwaterfishingwithmydad.I’mstilllearningaboutthesportandwhatelseit____24____me,whicharealsomylifelessonsalongtheway.Whilesomepeople,fullof____25____,mightstaytotallyengagedin____26____forhours,therewillalwaysbemomentswithsomeupsanddownstothem.Whenfishdo____27____thehook,it’llgivepeoplearushofexcitement.Whenfishdon’tbiteit,peoplewilleasilyfeelboredand____28____.However,forme,it’snotreallyallaboutthefishing.It’sjustasmuchaboutthepeopleI’m____29____with,whocanenjoytheoutdooractivityandmakeitfuntogether.It’stheconversationandthe_____30_____thatmakestheexperiencemuchbetter.Possibly,you_____31_____aminute,foranhour,orforthewholedaybutnothinghappensatall.However,fishingcanteachyou_____32_____forever.Onceyouhavethisenduranceandperseverance,youcanmakeallmorethrillingintheend.Youarenever_____33_____tocatchafish,butwhentheopportunitystrikes,thewaitfeelsmuchmore_____34_____inthelongrun.Nomatterwhereyouare,itiscrucialtoremember_____35_____natureisthereforyoutoenjoyandthatitisindeedsomethingworthsharingwithothers.21.A.love B.honor C.respect D.thought22.A.conqueror B.volunteer C.challenger D.fisherman23.A.escape B.suggest C.admit D.enjoy24.A.puzzles B.teaches C.delights D.amazes25.A.anxiety B.praise C.enthusiasm D.competition26.A.studying B.playing C.fishing D.running27.A.make B.refuse C.catch D.bite28A.discouraged B.excited C.ignored D.blamed29.A.happy B.desperate C.angry D.typical30.A.dependence B.companion C.education D.confidence31.A.giveup B.waitfor C.speedup D.pullout32.A.miracle B.hope C.determination D.patience33.A.encouraged B.invited C.guaranteed D.allowed34.A.promising B.rewarding C.boring D.supporting35.A.when B.which C.that D.where【答案】21.A22.D23.D24.B25.C26.C27.D28.A29.A30.B31.B32.D33.C34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者與家人一起外出釣魚的經(jīng)歷，以及釣魚這項活動給作者帶來的新想法和感受。作者通過描述自己與家人釣魚的過程，展現(xiàn)了釣魚不僅是捕捉魚類的活動，更是一種享受戶外生活、與家人共度時光的方式?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們家對這項運動的熱愛由來已久。A.love愛；B.honor榮譽；C.respect尊重；D.thought想法。根據(jù)下文“Helovedthesportandwasskilledatit,too.”以及“ThesedaysI____3____saltwaterfishingwithmydad.”可推測，作者一家都喜歡釣魚。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的爺爺在菲律賓是一位赫赫有名的釣魚冠軍。A.conqueror征服者；B.volunteer志愿者；C.challenger挑戰(zhàn)者；D.fisherman釣魚的人。根據(jù)下文“Helovedthesportandwasskilledatit,too.”可知，作者的爺爺擅長釣魚，因此是個釣魚冠軍。故選D。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些天，我喜歡和父親一起去咸水區(qū)域釣魚。A.escape逃跑；B.suggest建議；C.admit承認(rèn)；D.enjoy喜歡。根據(jù)下文“It’sjustasmuchaboutthepeopleI’m____9____with,whocanenjoytheoutdooractivityandmakeitfuntogether.”可知，作者喜歡和父親一起釣魚。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我仍然在學(xué)習(xí)這項運動以及它教會我的其他東西，這也是我一路走來的人生經(jīng)驗。A.puzzles使困惑；B.teaches教；C.delights使高興；D.amazes使驚奇。根據(jù)下文“whicharealsomylifelessonsalongtheway”可知，這里說的是釣魚還教會了作者什么。故選B。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有些滿懷熱忱的人，可能會全神貫注地釣魚幾個小時，然而，這其中總會有起起落落。A.anxiety焦慮；B.praise贊揚；C.enthusiasm熱情；D.competition競爭。根據(jù)下文“mightstaytotallyengagedin____6____forhours”中的“forhours”可推測，這些人充滿熱情，會連續(xù)幾個小時專注于釣魚。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有些滿懷熱忱的人，可能會全神貫注地釣魚幾個小時，然而，這其中總會有起起落落。A.studying學(xué)習(xí)；B.playing玩；C.fishing釣魚；D.running跑步。根據(jù)下文“Whenfishdo____7____thehook,it’llgivepeoplearushofexcitement.Whenfishdon’tbiteit,peoplewilleasilyfeelboredand____8____.”可知，這里指的是這些人專注于釣魚。故選C。27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)魚咬鉤時，會讓人瞬間興奮不已。A.make制作；B.refuse拒絕；C.catch抓住；D.bite咬。根據(jù)下文“Whenfishdon’tbiteit,peoplewilleasilyfeelboredand____8____.”可知，下文說的是魚不咬鉤的時候；由此可推測，這里指的是魚咬鉤的時候。故選D。【28題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：而當(dāng)魚不咬鉤，人們則很容易感到無聊和沮喪。A.discouraged氣餒的；B.excited興奮的；C.ignored被忽視的；D.blamed被責(zé)備的。根據(jù)上文“Whenfishdo____7____thehook,it’llgivepeoplearushofexcitement.”可知，當(dāng)魚咬鉤的時候，人會幸福；再根據(jù)空前的“bored”可推測，當(dāng)魚不咬鉤的時候，人們會無聊和沮喪。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：和那些能一同享受戶外活動，讓整個過程充滿樂趣的人在一起，同樣意義非凡。A.happy快樂的；B.desperate絕望的；C.angry生氣的；D.typical典型的。根據(jù)下文“whocanenjoytheoutdooractivityandmakeitfuntogether.”可知，空處指的是釣魚的樂趣還在于和開心的人在一起。故選A。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正是交談和同伴，讓這段經(jīng)歷變得更加美好。A.dependence依賴；B.companion同伴；C.education教育；D.confidence信心。根據(jù)上文“It’sjustasmuchaboutthepeopleI’m____9____with,whocanenjoytheoutdooractivityandmakeitfuntogether.”可知，作者認(rèn)為釣魚的樂趣還在于和開心的人在一起。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為開心的人的陪伴讓釣魚更加美好。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：有可能，你等了一分鐘、一小時，甚至一整天，卻一無所獲。A.giveup放棄；B.waitfor等待；C.speedup加速；D.pullout拔出。根據(jù)下文“butnothinghappensatall”可推測，這里說可能等一分鐘、一小時或一整天。故選B。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，釣魚能永遠教會你耐心。A.miracle奇跡；B.hope希望；C.determination決心；D.patience耐心。根據(jù)下文“Onceyouhavethisenduranceandperseverance,youcanmakeallmorethrillingintheend.”中的“enduranceandperseverance”可知，釣魚能教會人耐心。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你永遠無法保證一定能釣到魚，但當(dāng)機會來臨時，從長遠來看，等待就會顯得格外值得。A.encouraged鼓勵；B.invited邀請；C.guaranteed保證；D.allowed允許。根據(jù)上文“Possibly,you____11____aminute,foranhour,orforthewholedaybutnothinghappensatall.”可知，釣魚的時候，有時候很久卻一無所獲。由此可知，我們永遠無法保證一定能釣到魚。故選C。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你永遠無法保證一定能釣到魚，但當(dāng)機會來臨時，從長遠來看，等待就會顯得格外值得。A.promising有希望的；B.rewardin