2022年6月全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語二級筆譯實務(wù)試題真題及答案

2022年6月全國翻譯專業(yè)資格（水平）英語二級筆譯實務(wù)試題真題及答案[問答題]1.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.PassageOne（江南博哥）TheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationistheglobalforumforintellectualpropertypolicy,services,informationandcooperation.Onthe26thofAprileveryyear,wecelebrateWorldIntellectualPropertyDaytolearnabouttherolethatintellectualproperty(IP)rightsplayinencouraginginnovationandcreativity.Eachyearwechooseathemethatillustratesjusthowimportantintellectualpropertyistosociety,theeconomyandtooureverydaylives.Thethemeofthisyear’scampaignis“ReachforGold:IPandSports.”SportsarenotnecessarilysomethingthatyouwouldimmediatelyassociationwithIP.Sportshavebecomeamulti-billion-dollarglobalindustry—onethatgeneratesinvestmentinfacilities,employeesmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andentertainsmanymore.BusinessrelationshipbuiltonIPrightshelptosecuretheeconomicvalueofsport.This,inturn,stimulatesthegrowthoftheindustrybyenablingsportingorganizationsfinancetheeventswesavor,andbyprovidingthemeanstopromotesportsdevelopmentatthegrassrootslevel.Today,thankstoadvancesinbroadcastingandcommunicationstechnologiesanyonecanfollowsportingactionaroundtheclock,anywhere,trackingtheperformanceoftheirfavoriteathletesandteamswithoutleavinghome.Buttraditionally,ticketsweresoldtosportsfanstoenteranareatowatchamatch.Atthattime,theexcitementofsportingcompetitiondidnotmovemuchbeyondthearea.Nowthankstoremarkabletechnologicaladvances,millionsandmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcanturninandwatchamatch.Thatprocessofbroadcastingsportingactiontofansinallpartsoftheworld,andtheinvestmentitrequires,rewardsbroadcasterswithanIPright,whichinturnmakesitpossibletofinancethematches.Andyet,thesetechnologicalinnovationsareempoweredandencouragedbyIP.Welookathowsportsbusinessusepatentsanddesignstofosterthedevelopmentofnewsportstechnologies,materials,training,andequipmenttohelpimproveathleticperformance,andengagefansworldwide.Andwefindouthowtrademarksandbrandingmaximizecommercialrevenuefromsponsorship,merchandisingandlicensingagreements.Theserevenuesoffsetthecostoforganizingworldclassevents,suchastheOlympicGamesandWorldCupseries,andensurethatthevalueandintegrityofthesespectaculareventsaresafeguarded.Design,anotherIPright,enablesteams,organizersofsportingcompetitionsandsportsbrandstodevelopandpromotetheiruniqueanddistinctidentityandforfanstodistinguishbetweenthem.Andtrademarks,whichunderpinsportsbranding,areanexceptionallyimportantIPrightforteamsandathletestodifferentiatethemselvesandstandapartinahighlycompetitivemarket.Trademarkrightsarecriticalinallowingindividualsplayersandteamstogainamonetaryrewardfrom,forexample,merchandising-includingapparel,accessories,footwearandmore-andsponsorshipdeals.IPrightsunderlieandempowerthefinancialmodelofallsportingeventsworldwide.IPrightslieattheheartoftheglobalsportsecosystemandallthecommercialrelationshipsthatmakesportshappenandthatallowustotuneintosportingactionwhenever,wherever,andhoweverwewant.Thisyear'sWorldIntellectualPropertyDayCampaigncelebratesthepositiverolethatIPplaysinencouragingsports,awonderfulrangeofpursuitinwhichhumanbeingshavealwaysengagedandwhichenrichourlivesinsomanydifferentways.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織是關(guān)于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)政策、服務(wù)、信息與合作的全球論壇。我們將每年的4月26日設(shè)立為世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日，促使各國了解知識產(chǎn)權(quán)(IP)在鼓勵創(chuàng)新與創(chuàng)造方面的重要作用。每年，我們都會選定世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日的主題，突顯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)對社會、經(jīng)濟和人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹闹匾?。今年的世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日活動主題是“奮力奪金：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和體育”。提到體育，你可能無法第一時間將其與知識產(chǎn)權(quán)聯(lián)系起來。體育已經(jīng)成為一個價值數(shù)十億美元的全球產(chǎn)業(yè)，帶動相關(guān)設(shè)施投資，為全球提供數(shù)百萬個就業(yè)崗位，并為更多人帶來歡樂?；谥R產(chǎn)權(quán)建立的商業(yè)關(guān)系有助于保障體育產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟價值。這可以推動體育組織資助我們喜愛的體育賽事，并且提供促進基層體育發(fā)展的方法，從而刺激體育產(chǎn)業(yè)增長。如今，由于廣播與通信技術(shù)的進步，任何人無論身在何地，都可全天候觀看體育賽事，足不出戶也能追蹤最喜歡的運動員和運動隊的表現(xiàn)。在過去，體育愛好者需要購買門票才能進入現(xiàn)場觀看比賽。當(dāng)時，體育賽事帶來的樂趣幾乎無法傳遞給賽場以外的人們?，F(xiàn)在，由于技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展，全球數(shù)以百萬計的觀眾可以觀看比賽。廣播公司通過向全球體育愛好者播放體育賽事并進行必要投資，獲得相關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，這反過來又為賽事提供了資金。不僅如此，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)支持并鼓勵技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。我們審視體育產(chǎn)業(yè)如何利用專利和外觀設(shè)計來推動體育方面的新技術(shù)、新材料、新訓(xùn)練方式和新設(shè)備的發(fā)展，以幫助提高運動成績，吸引全球體育愛好者。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)商標(biāo)和品牌是如何通過贊助協(xié)議、銷售協(xié)議和許可協(xié)議創(chuàng)造最大的商業(yè)收入。這些收入抵消了奧運會、世界杯等世界級賽事的舉辦成本，并確保此類精彩賽事的價值和完整性得到保障。外觀設(shè)計也是一項知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，幫助運動隊、體育賽事組織者和體育品牌確立和宣傳自身獨一無二的顯著特征，方便體育愛好者進行區(qū)分。作為體育品牌的基礎(chǔ)，商標(biāo)是一項特別重要的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，促使運動隊和運動員在激烈市場競爭中脫穎而出。運動員個人與運動隊要從服裝、配件、鞋類等商品和贊助交易中獲得金錢回報，商標(biāo)權(quán)至關(guān)重要。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是全球所有體育賽事財務(wù)模式的基礎(chǔ)和保障。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是全球體育生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的核心，也是促成體育賽事的所有商業(yè)關(guān)系的核心，而這些商業(yè)關(guān)系使我們得以隨時隨地、隨心所欲地觀看體育賽事。今年的世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日活動宣傳的是知識產(chǎn)權(quán)對鼓勵體育運動的積極作用，人類一直在參與豐富多彩的體育運動，而體育運動也以多種不同的方式充實人們的生活。解析（1）TheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizationistheglobalforumforintellectualpropertypolicy,services,informationandcooperation.Onthe26thofAprileveryyear,wecelebrateWorldIntellectualPropertyDaytolearnabouttherolethatintellectualproperty(IP)rightsplayinencouraginginnovationandcreativity.Eachyearwechooseathemethatillustratesjusthowimportantintellectualpropertyistosociety,theeconomyandtooureverydaylives.Thethemeofthisyear’scampaignis“ReachforGold:IPandSports.”SportsarenotnecessarilysomethingthatyouwouldimmediatelyassociationwithIP.世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織是關(guān)于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)政策、服務(wù)、信息與合作的全球論壇。我們將每年的4月26日設(shè)立為世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日，促使各國了解知識產(chǎn)權(quán)(IP)在鼓勵創(chuàng)新與創(chuàng)造方面的重要作用。每年，我們都會選定世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日的主題，突顯知識產(chǎn)權(quán)對社會、經(jīng)濟和人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹闹匾?。今年的世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日活動主題是“奮力奪金：知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和體育”。提到體育，你可能無法第一時間將其與知識產(chǎn)權(quán)聯(lián)系起來。[分析]“WorldIntellectualPropertyOrganization”譯為“世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織”，“WorldIntellectualPropertyDay”譯為“世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日”?！皔ouwouldimmediatelyassociationwith”譯為“你可能無法第一時間將其與…聯(lián)系起來”。（2）Sportshavebecomeamulti-billion-dollarglobalindustry—onethatgeneratesinvestmentinfacilities,employeesmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andentertainsmanymore.BusinessrelationshipbuiltonIPrightshelptosecuretheeconomicvalueofsport.This,inturn,stimulatesthegrowthoftheindustrybyenablingsportingorganizationsfinancetheeventswesavor,andbyprovidingthemeanstopromotesportsdevelopmentatthegrassrootslevel.體育已經(jīng)成為一個價值數(shù)十億美元的全球產(chǎn)業(yè)，帶動相關(guān)設(shè)施投資，為全球提供數(shù)百萬個就業(yè)崗位，并為更多人帶來歡樂。基于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)建立的商業(yè)關(guān)系有助于保障體育產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟價值。這可以推動體育組織資助我們喜愛的體育賽事，并且提供促進基層體育發(fā)展的方法，從而刺激體育產(chǎn)業(yè)增長。[分析]multi-billion-dollar數(shù)十億美元。資助我們喜愛的體育賽事financetheeventswesavor。（3）Today,thankstoadvancesinbroadcastingandcommunicationstechnologiesanyonecanfollowsportingactionaroundtheclock,anywhere,trackingtheperformanceoftheirfavoriteathletesandteamswithoutleavinghome.Buttraditionally,ticketsweresoldtosportsfanstoenteranareatowatchamatch.Atthattime,theexcitementofsportingcompetitiondidnotmovemuchbeyondthearea.Nowthankstoremarkabletechnologicaladvances,millionsandmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldcanturninandwatchamatch.Thatprocessofbroadcastingsportingactiontofansinallpartsoftheworld,andtheinvestmentitrequires,rewardsbroadcasterswithanIPright,whichinturnmakesitpossibletofinancethematches.Andyet,thesetechnologicalinnovationsareempoweredandencouragedbyIP.如今，由于廣播與通信技術(shù)的進步，任何人無論身在何地，都可全天候觀看體育賽事，足不出戶也能追蹤最喜歡的運動員和運動隊的表現(xiàn)。在過去，體育愛好者需要購買門票才能進入現(xiàn)場觀看比賽。當(dāng)時，體育賽事帶來的樂趣幾乎無法傳遞給賽場以外的人們。現(xiàn)在，由于技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展，全球數(shù)以百萬計的觀眾可以觀看比賽。廣播公司通過向全球體育愛好者播放體育賽事并進行必要投資，獲得相關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，這反過來又為賽事提供了資金。不僅如此，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)支持并鼓勵技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。[分析]“broadcastingandcommunicationstechnologies”譯為“廣播與通信技術(shù)”。（4）Welookathowsportsbusinessusepatentsanddesignstofosterthedevelopmentofnewsportstechnologies,materials,training,andequipmenttohelpimproveathleticperformance,andengagefansworldwide.Andwefindouthowtrademarksandbrandingmaximizecommercialrevenuefromsponsorship,merchandisingandlicensingagreements.Theserevenuesoffsetthecostoforganizingworldclassevents,suchastheOlympicGamesandWorldCupseries,andensurethatthevalueandintegrityofthesespectaculareventsaresafeguarded.我們審視體育產(chǎn)業(yè)如何利用專利和外觀設(shè)計來推動體育方面的新技術(shù)、新材料、新訓(xùn)練方式和新設(shè)備的發(fā)展，以幫助提高運動成績，吸引全球體育愛好者。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)商標(biāo)和品牌是如何通過贊助協(xié)議、銷售協(xié)議和許可協(xié)議創(chuàng)造最大的商業(yè)收入。這些收入抵消了奧運會、世界杯等世界級賽事的舉辦成本，并確保此類精彩賽事的價值和完整性得到保障。[分析]fosterthedevelopmentof…推動……的發(fā)展。offset抵消。spectacularevents精彩賽事。（5）Design,anotherIPright,enablesteams,organizersofsportingcompetitionsandsportsbrandstodevelopandpromotetheiruniqueanddistinctidentityandforfanstodistinguishbetweenthem.Andtrademarks,whichunderpinsportsbranding,areanexceptionallyimportantIPrightforteamsandathletestodifferentiatethemselvesandstandapartinahighlycompetitivemarket.Trademarkrightsarecriticalinallowingindividualsplayersandteamstogainamonetaryrewardfrom,forexample,merchandising-includingapparel,accessories,footwearandmore-andsponsorshipdeals.外觀設(shè)計也是一項知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，幫助運動隊、體育賽事組織者和體育品牌確立和宣傳自身獨一無二的顯著特征，方便體育愛好者進行區(qū)分。作為體育品牌的基礎(chǔ)，商標(biāo)是一項特別重要的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，促使運動隊和運動員在激烈市場競爭中脫穎而出。運動員個人與運動隊要從服裝、配件、鞋類等商品和贊助交易中獲得金錢回報，商標(biāo)權(quán)至關(guān)重要。[分析]uniqueanddistinctidentity獨一無二的顯著特征。standapartinahighlycompetitivemarket在激烈市場競爭中脫穎而出。（6）IPrightsunderlieandempowerthefinancialmodelofallsportingeventsworldwide.IPrightslieattheheartoftheglobalsportsecosystemandallthecommercialrelationshipsthatmakesportshappenandthatallowustotuneintosportingactionwhenever,wherever,andhoweverwewant.知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是全球所有體育賽事財務(wù)模式的基礎(chǔ)和保障。知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是全球體育生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的核心，也是促成體育賽事的所有商業(yè)關(guān)系的核心，而這些商業(yè)關(guān)系使我們得以隨時隨地、隨心所欲地觀看體育賽事。[分析]underlieandempower…是……的基礎(chǔ)和保障。tuneinto這個短語主要表示收聽廣播、電視節(jié)目或在線內(nèi)容。（7）Thisyear’sWorldIntellectualPropertyDayCampaigncelebratesthepositiverolethatIPplaysinencouragingsports,awonderfulrangeofpursuitinwhichhumanbeingshavealwaysengagedandwhichenrichourlivesinsomanydifferentways.今年的世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)日活動宣傳的是知識產(chǎn)權(quán)對鼓勵體育運動的積極作用，人類一直在參與豐富多彩的體育運動，而體育運動也以多種不同的方式充實人們的生活。[分析]enrichourlives充實人們的生活。[問答題]2.PassageTwoIntoday’sincreasinglydiversesocieties,UNESCOcontinuestoaccomplishitsfundamentalhumanistmissiontosupportpeopleinunderstandingeachotherandworkingtogethertobuildlastingpeace.Ithelpstoenablepeopletocreateanduseknowledgeforjustandinclusivesocieties.Towardsthisend,UNESCOhasprioritizedtrainingandresearchinsustainabledevelopment,skillsforpeacefulrelations,goodgovernance,andthepreventionofconflictandpeacebuildingamongothers.Yet,lastingpeacerestsonacomplexandfragilewebofdailypracticesembeddedinlocalsettingsanddailyencountersthatindividualsandcommunitiesmaintain.Peoplebelievethatthesepracticesconstitutethesustainableconditionsforlivingtogetherindignityandsharedprosperity.Atatimeofincreasingglobalchallengesandthreats,suchasinequality,exclusion,violenceandsectarianismworsenedbylocaltensionsandconflicts,whichunderminehumanity’scohesion,learningtolivetogetherandfosteringrights,inclusionandnon-discriminationamongallmembersoftheglobalcommunitybecomemoretopicalthaneverbefore.Individualsbecomeinterculturallycompetentthroughlearningandlifeexperienceforsuccessfullivinginthemoderncomplexityofourheterogeneousworldandconsequentlytheybecomepreparedtoappreciatediversityaswellasmanageconflictsinaccordancewiththevaluesofpluralismandmutualunderstanding.UNESCOintervenestohelpitsmemberstatesandallitspartnerstobetterunderstandandaddressthechallengesofourmoreandmorediversifiedsocieties,particularlythroughitsintergovernmentalProgrammeforManagementofSocialTransformations（政府間社會輕型管理行動）andtheCultureofPeaceandNon-ViolenceProgramme（和平與非暴力行動）whichinclude,interalia,initiativesfordemocracyandglobalcitizenship,interculturaldialogue,andpeace-building.UNESCOhaspromotedtherighttoqualityeducationandtheadvancementofscienceanditsapplicationtodevelopknowledgeandcapacityforeconomicandsocialprogress—thebasisofpeaceandsustainabledevelopment.Ithasfocuseditsworkinscienceonissuesofglobalconcernrequiringmultinationalcollaborationsuchasinthefieldsoffreshwaterresourcesmanagement,oceanhealth,climatechange,renewableenergy,naturaldisasterreduction,biodiversityloss,andcapacitybuildinginscience,technologyandinnovation.UNESCOisconcernedabouttheriseofracism,xenophobiaandintolerance,andconsiderseducationessentialtostrengtheningthefoundationoftolerance,andreducingdiscriminationandviolence.Theproject“TeachingRespectforALL”(尊重所有人的教育項目)aimstodesignacurricularframeworktofightracismandpromotetolerance,whichcountriescanadapttotheirrespectivecontextsandneeds.Furthermore,itseekstopromotethedevelopmentandpracticeofsportingactivities,aswellasthefightagainstdopingtofostersocialintegrationindifferentculturalandpoliticalcontexts,recognizingthatsportdisregardsbothgeographicalbordersandsocialclass.正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】在當(dāng)前日益多元化的社會中，聯(lián)合國教科文組織（UNESCO）持續(xù)完成其基本的人道主義使命，促進人們相互理解，攜手構(gòu)建長久和平。聯(lián)合國教科文組織幫助人們創(chuàng)造和使用知識，以實現(xiàn)社會的公正和包容。為此，聯(lián)合國教科文組織已將可持續(xù)發(fā)展、和平關(guān)系技能、良好治理，以及沖突預(yù)防與建設(shè)和平等方面的培訓(xùn)和研究列為優(yōu)先事項。然而，長久和平的基礎(chǔ)是復(fù)雜而脆弱的日常實踐網(wǎng)絡(luò)，其植根于個人和社區(qū)所維持的當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和日常接觸中。人們認為，這些日常實踐是人們能夠有尊嚴(yán)地共同生活并共享繁榮的可持續(xù)條件。在全球挑戰(zhàn)和威脅日益增多之時，不平等、排斥、暴力和宗派主義等現(xiàn)象因地方緊張局勢和沖突而惡化，破壞了人類的凝聚力，而學(xué)會共同生活，在全球社會所有成員之間促進權(quán)利、包容和零歧視，比以往任何時候都更加引人熱議。個人通過學(xué)習(xí)和生活經(jīng)驗具備跨文化能力，以便在現(xiàn)代復(fù)雜多樣的世界中獲得成功。因此，他們樂于欣賞多樣性，并根據(jù)多元主義和相互理解的價值觀進行沖突管理。聯(lián)合國教科文組織采取干預(yù)措施，幫助其成員國和所有合作伙伴更好地理解和應(yīng)對日益多元的社會所帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，特別是推行“政府間社會輕型管理行動”及“和平與非暴力行動”，其中除其他外包括促進民主和全球公民權(quán)、跨文化對話與和平建設(shè)的舉措。聯(lián)合國教科文組織促進人們享有優(yōu)質(zhì)教育的權(quán)利，推動科學(xué)發(fā)展及其應(yīng)用，以提高人們的知識和能力水平，推動經(jīng)濟和社會進步，為和平及可持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。其將科學(xué)工作的重點放在有必要開展多國合作的全球關(guān)切問題上，如淡水資源管理、海洋健康、氣候變化、可再生能源、減少自然災(zāi)害、生物多樣性減少，以及科學(xué)、技術(shù)與創(chuàng)新方面的能力建設(shè)等領(lǐng)域。種族主義、仇外心理和不容忍現(xiàn)象的增加引發(fā)了聯(lián)合國教科文組織的關(guān)注，其認為教育對于強化包容性基礎(chǔ)，以及減少歧視與暴力來說至關(guān)重要。“尊重所有人的教育項目”旨在設(shè)計一種課程框架以打擊種族主義并提升包容性，各國可以根據(jù)各自的情況和需要進行調(diào)整。此外，該項目還試圖促進體育活動的發(fā)展和實踐，反對使用興奮劑，以期在不同的文化和政治背景下促進社會融合，同時還承認體育不分地域和社會階層。解析（1）Intoday’sincreasinglydiversesocieties,UNESCOcontinuestoaccomplishitsfundamentalhumanistmissiontosupportpeopleinunderstandingeachotherandworkingtogethertobuildlastingpeace.Ithelpstoenablepeopletocreateanduseknowledgeforjustandinclusivesocieties.Towardsthisend,UNESCOhasprioritizedtrainingandresearchinsustainabledevelopment,skillsforpeacefulrelations,goodgovernance,andthepreventionofconflictandpeacebuildingamongothers.在當(dāng)前日益多元化的社會中，聯(lián)合國教科文組織（UNESCO）持續(xù)完成其基本的人道主義使命，促進人們相互理解，攜手構(gòu)建長久和平。聯(lián)合國教科文組織幫助人們創(chuàng)造和使用知識，以實現(xiàn)社會的公正和包容。為此，聯(lián)合國教科文組織已將可持續(xù)發(fā)展、和平關(guān)系技能、良好治理，以及沖突預(yù)防與建設(shè)和平等方面的培訓(xùn)和研究列為優(yōu)先事項。[分析]humanistmission：人道主義使命。justandinclusivesocieties：公正和包容的社會。prioritizedtrainingandresearch：將…列為優(yōu)先事項。構(gòu)建長久和平：buildlastingpeace。（2）Yet,lastingpeacerestsonacomplexandfragilewebofdailypracticesembeddedinlocalsettingsanddailyencountersthatindividualsandcommunitiesmaintain.Peoplebelievethatthesepracticesconstitutethesustainableconditionsforlivingtogetherindignityandsharedprosperity.Atatimeofincreasingglobalchallengesandthreats,suchasinequality,exclusion,violenceandsectarianismworsenedbylocaltensionsandconflicts,whichunderminehumanity’scohesion,learningtolivetogetherandfosteringrights,inclusionandnon-discriminationamongallmembersoftheglobalcommunitybecomemoretopicalthaneverbefore.然而，長久和平的基礎(chǔ)是復(fù)雜而脆弱的日常實踐網(wǎng)絡(luò)，其植根于個人和社區(qū)所維持的當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境和日常接觸中。人們認為，這些日常實踐是人們能夠有尊嚴(yán)地共同生活并共享繁榮的可持續(xù)條件。在全球挑戰(zhàn)和威脅日益增多之時，不平等、排斥、暴力和宗派主義等現(xiàn)象因地方緊張局勢和沖突而惡化，破壞了人類的凝聚力，而學(xué)會共同生活，在全球社會所有成員之間促進權(quán)利、包容和零歧視，比以往任何時候都更加引人熱議。[分析]sustainableconditionsforlivingtogether：共同生活的可持續(xù)條件。increasingglobalchallengesandthreats：日益增多的全球挑戰(zhàn)和威脅。（3）Individualsbecomeinterculturallycompetentthroughlearningandlifeexperienceforsuccessfullivinginthemoderncomplexityofourheterogeneousworldandconsequentlytheybecomepreparedtoappreciatediversityaswellasmanageconflictsinaccordancewiththevaluesofpluralismandmutualunderstanding.UNESCOintervenestohelpitsmemberstatesandallitspartnerstobetterunderstandandaddressthechallengesofourmoreandmorediversifiedsocieties,particularlythroughitsintergovernmentalProgrammeforManagementofSocialTransformations（政府間社會輕型管理行動）andtheCultureofPeaceandNon-ViolenceProgramme（和平與非暴力行動）whichinclude,interalia,initiativesfordemocracyandglobalcitizenship,interculturaldialogue,andpeace-building.個人通過學(xué)習(xí)和生活經(jīng)驗具備跨文化能力，以便在現(xiàn)代復(fù)雜多樣的世界中獲得成功。因此，他們樂于欣賞多樣性，并根據(jù)多元主義和相互理解的價值觀進行沖突管理。聯(lián)合國教科文組織采取干預(yù)措施，幫助其成員國和所有合作伙伴更好地理解和應(yīng)對日益多元的社會所帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，特別是推行“政府間社會輕型管理行動”及“和平與非暴力行動”，其中除其他外包括促進民主和全球公民權(quán)、跨文化對話與和平建設(shè)的舉措。[分析]interculturallycompetent：跨文化能力。pluralismandmutualunderstanding：多元主義和相互理解。（4）UNESCOhaspromotedtherighttoqualityeducationandtheadvancementofscienceanditsapplicationtodevelopknowledgeandcapacityforeconomicandsocialprogress—thebasisofpeaceandsustainabledevelopment.Ithasfocuseditsworkinscienceonissuesofglobalconcernrequiringmultinationalcollaborationsuchasinthefieldsoffreshwaterresourcesmanagement,oceanhealth,climatechange,renewableenergy,naturaldisasterreduction,biodiversityloss,andcapacitybuildinginscience,technologyandinnovation.聯(lián)合國教科文組織促進人們享有優(yōu)質(zhì)教育的權(quán)利，推動科學(xué)發(fā)展及其應(yīng)用，以提高人們的知識和能力水平，推動經(jīng)濟和社會進步，為和平及可持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)。其將科學(xué)工作的重點放在有必要開展多國合作的全球關(guān)切問題上，如淡水資源管理、海洋健康、氣候變化、可再生能源、減少自然災(zāi)害、生物多樣性減少，以及科學(xué)、技術(shù)與創(chuàng)新方面的能力建設(shè)等領(lǐng)域。[分析]qualityeducation：優(yōu)質(zhì)教育，強調(diào)教育的質(zhì)量而非僅僅普及。advancementofscience：科學(xué)進步。renewableenergy可再生能源。capacitybuilding：能力建設(shè)。（5）UNESCOisconcernedabouttheriseofracism,xenophobiaandintolerance,andconsiderseducationessentialtostrengtheningthefoundationoftolerance,andreducingdiscriminationandviolence.Theproject“TeachingRespectforALL”(尊重所有人的教育項目)aimstodesignacurricularframeworktofightracismandpromotetolerance,whichcountriescanadapttotheirrespectivecontextsandneeds.Furthermore,itseekstopromotethedevelopmentandpracticeofsportingactivities,aswellasthefightagainstdopingtofostersocialintegrationindifferentculturalandpoliticalcontexts,recognizingthatsportdisregardsbothgeographicalbordersandsocialclass.種族主義、仇外心理和不容忍現(xiàn)象的增加引發(fā)了聯(lián)合國教科文組織的關(guān)注，其認為教育對于強化包容性基礎(chǔ)，以及減少歧視與暴力來說至關(guān)重要?！白鹬厮腥说慕逃椖俊敝荚谠O(shè)計一種課程框架以打擊種族主義并提升包容性，各國可以根據(jù)各自的情況和需要進行調(diào)整。此外，該項目還試圖促進體育活動的發(fā)展和實踐，反對使用興奮劑，以期在不同的文化和政治背景下促進社會融合，同時還承認體育不分地域和社會階層。[分析]racism,xenophobiaandintolerance：種族主義、仇外心理和不容忍。curricularframework：課程框架，此為教育領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語，curricular特指課程相關(guān)的。fightagainstdoping：反對使用興奮劑，“doping”特指體育競賽中的禁藥使用。socialintegration：社會融合，指不同群體間的和諧共存與相互接納。[問答題]3.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.PassageOne近日中共中央、國務(wù)院發(fā)布了《關(guān)于建立健全城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機制和政策體系的意見》（theDecisiononEstablishingandImprovingtheInstitution,System,MechanismandPolicyFrameWorkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment）。根據(jù)《意見》，到2022年，要初步建立城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機制，打通城鄉(xiāng)要素自由流動的制度性通道，建成城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的建設(shè)用地市場，形成農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)保護交易制度框架。最終目標(biāo)是縮小城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展差距和居民生活水平差距。首先，要設(shè)計好農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化和城市人才入鄉(xiāng)激勵的機制，促進人的雙向流動。每年有近百萬農(nóng)民工要進城，必須深化戶籍制度改革，加快實現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)常住人口全覆蓋，提高城市的包容度。同時，要制定更加可操作性的財政、金融、社會保障等激勵政策，吸引各類人才到農(nóng)村創(chuàng)業(yè)，并留住人才。其次，要慎重改革農(nóng)村宅基地制度，探索建立集體經(jīng)營性建設(shè)用地入市制度。最大程度激發(fā)農(nóng)村土地的生產(chǎn)力，但不改變土地所有制性質(zhì)，不突破耕地紅線，不損及農(nóng)民利益，守住生態(tài)保護紅線，防范各類政治經(jīng)濟社會風(fēng)險。第三，要進一步健全財政投入保障機制，促進更多社會資金投入農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村。同時要完善鄉(xiāng)村金融服務(wù)體系和建立工商資本入鄉(xiāng)促進機制，為城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展提供全方位的財政金融政策支持。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】Recently,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilissuedtheDecisiononEstablishingandImprovingtheInstitution,System,MechanismandPolicyFrameWorkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment(theDecision).AccordingtotheDecision,by2022,thesystemandmechanismforintegratedurban-ruraldevelopmentshouldbeinitiallyestablished,theinstitutionalbarriersforthefreeflowofproductivefactorsbetweenurbanandruralareasshouldberemoved,aunifiedurban-ruralconstructionlandmarketshouldbecreated,andaninstitutionalframeworkfortheprotectionandtradingofruralpropertyrightsshouldbedeveloped.Ultimately,theurban-ruraldisparityintermsofeconomicdevelopmentandlivingconditionsshouldbenarrowed.First,awell-designedmechanismshouldbeinplaceforgrantingpermanenturbanresidencytopeoplewhomovetocitiesfromruralareasandimplementingincentivepoliciestoattracturbantalentstoworkorstartbusinessesinruralareas,soastopromotethefreeflowofpeoplebetweenurbanandruralareas.Withnearlyonemillionmigrantworkersmovingtocitieseveryyear,Chinaneedstodeepenhouseholdregistrationreforms,acceleratethefullcoverageofbasicpublicservicesfortheresidentpopulationincitiesandtowns,andmakecitiesmoreinclusive.Measuresshouldalsobetakentodevelopmoreoperablefinancial,monetary,socialsecurityandotherincentivepoliciestoattractvarioustalenttostartbusinessesinruralareasandtoretainthem.Second,theruralresidentiallandshouldbereformedinaprudentfashion,andthesystemofmarketingruralcollectivelandfordevelopmentpurposesexploredandestablished.Effortsshouldbemadetomaximizetheproductivityofrurallandwithoutchanginglandownership,breakingtheredlineforthetotalareaofChina’sfarmland,anddamagingtheinterestsoffarmers,whilemaintainingtheredlinesforecologicalconservationandpreventingvariouspolitical,economicandsocialrisks.Third,themechanismforprotectingfinancialinvestmentshouldbefurtherimprovedtopromoteinvestmentofmoresocialfundsinagricultureandruralareas.Inthemeantime,workshouldbedonetoimprovetheruralfinancialservicesystemandestablishapromotionmechanismforindustrialandcommercialcapitaltobeinvestedintheruralareas,soastoprovideafullsupportfortheintegratedurban-ruraldevelopmentwithfinancialandfiscalpolicies.解析（1）近日中共中央、國務(wù)院發(fā)布了《關(guān)于建立健全城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機制和政策體系的意見》（theDecisiononEstablishingandImprovingtheInstitution,System,MechanismandPolicyFrameWorkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment）。根據(jù)《意見》，到2022年，要初步建立城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機制，打通城鄉(xiāng)要素自由流動的制度性通道，建成城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的建設(shè)用地市場，形成農(nóng)村產(chǎn)權(quán)保護交易制度框架。最終目標(biāo)是縮小城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展差距和居民生活水平差距。Recently,theCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheStateCouncilissuedtheDecisiononEstablishingandImprovingtheInstitution,System,MechanismandPolicyFrameWorkforIntegratedUrban-RuralDevelopment(theDecision).AccordingtotheDecision,by2022,thesystemandmechanismforintegratedurban-ruraldevelopmentshouldbeinitiallyestablished,theinstitutionalbarriersforthefreeflowofproductivefactorsbetweenurbanandruralareasshouldberemoved,aunifiedurban-ruralconstructionlandmarketshouldbecreated,andaninstitutionalframeworkfortheprotectionandtradingofruralpropertyrightsshouldbedeveloped.Ultimately,theurban-ruraldisparityintermsofeconomicdevelopmentandlivingconditionsshouldbenarrowed.[分析]打通制度性通道removeinstitutionalbarriers。縮小差距narrowthedisparity。（2）首先，要設(shè)計好農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化和城市人才入鄉(xiāng)激勵的機制，促進人的雙向流動。每年有近百萬農(nóng)民工要進城，必須深化戶籍制度改革，加快實現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)基本公共服務(wù)常住人口全覆蓋，提高城市的包容度。同時，要制定更加可操作性的財政、金融、社會保障等激勵政策，吸引各類人才到農(nóng)村創(chuàng)業(yè)，并留住人才。First,awell-designedmechanismshouldbeinplaceforgrantingpermanenturbanresidencytopeoplewhomovetocitiesfromruralareasandimplementingincentivepoliciestoattracturbantalentstoworkorstartbusinessesinruralareas,soastopromotethefreeflowofpeoplebetweenurbanandruralareas.Withnearlyonemillionmigrantworkersmovingtocitieseveryyear,Chinaneedstodeepenhouseholdregistrationreforms,acceleratethefullcoverageofbasicpublicservicesfortheresidentpopulationincitiesandtowns,andmakecitiesmoreinclusive.Measuresshouldalsobetakentodevelopmoreoperablefinancial,monetary,socialsecurityandotherincentivepoliciestoattractvarioustalenttostartbusinessesinruralareasandtoretainthem.[分析]農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化：grantingpermanenturbanresidencytopeoplewhomovetocitiesfromruralareas，此處翻譯詳細解釋了“市民化”的實質(zhì)，即給予進城農(nóng)民永久城市居住權(quán)。雙向流動：freeflowofpeoplebetweenurbanandruralareas。深化戶籍制度改革：deepenhouseholdregistrationreforms。提高城市的包容度：makecitiesmoreinclusive。（3）其次，要慎重改革農(nóng)村宅基地制度，探索建立集體經(jīng)營性建設(shè)用地入市制度。最大程度激發(fā)農(nóng)村土地的生產(chǎn)力，但不改變土地所有制性質(zhì)，不突破耕地紅線，不損及農(nóng)民利益，守住生態(tài)保護紅線，防范各類政治經(jīng)濟社會風(fēng)險。Second,theruralresidentiallandshouldbereformedinaprudentfashion,andthesystemofmarketingruralcollectivelandfordevelopmentpurposesexploredandestablished.Effortsshouldbemadetomaximizetheproductivityofrurallandwithoutchanginglandownership,breakingtheredlineforthetotalareaofChina’sfarmland,anddamagingtheinterestsoffarmers,whilemaintainingtheredlinesforecologicalconservationandpreventingvariouspolitical,economicandsocialrisks.[分析]農(nóng)村宅基地制度：ruralresidentiallandsystem。集體經(jīng)營性建設(shè)用地入市制度：marketingruralcollectivelandfordevelopmentpurposes。耕地紅線：redlineforthetotalareaofChina’sfarmland。生態(tài)保護紅線：redlinesforecologicalconservation。（4）第三，要進一步健全財政投入保障機制，促進更多社會資金投入農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村。同時要完善鄉(xiāng)村金融服務(wù)體系和建立工商資本入鄉(xiāng)促進機制，為城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展提供全方位的財政金融政策支持。Third,themechanismforprotectingfinancialinvestmentshouldbefurtherimprovedtopromoteinvestmentofmoresocialfundsinagricultureandruralareas.Inthemeantime,workshouldbedonetoimprovetheruralfinancialservicesystemandestablishapromotionmechanismforindustrialandcommercialcapitaltobeinvestedintheruralareas,soastoprovideafullsupportfortheintegratedurban-ruraldevelopmentwithfinancialandfiscalpolicies.[分析]財政投入保障機制：mechanismforprotectingfinancialinvestment。鄉(xiāng)村金融服務(wù)體系：ruralfinancialservicesystem。工商資本入鄉(xiāng)促進機制：promotionmechanismforindustrialandcommercialcapitaltobeinvestedintheruralareas。[問答題]4.PassageTwo城市生物多樣性是指城市中包括植物、動物和微生物等生物種類的豐富程度，它是保證城市生態(tài)平衡的基礎(chǔ)，在調(diào)節(jié)城市氣候、維護水的自然循環(huán)和水源清潔，保持土壤肥力等方面均發(fā)揮著重要作用。生物多樣的城市才有可能成為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)良好，運轉(zhuǎn)平衡穩(wěn)定的城市。城市生物多樣性也與城市居民生活和健康息息相關(guān)?？茖W(xué)研究表明，與在鄉(xiāng)村長大的人相比，童年在城市中度過的人更容易在特定季節(jié)出現(xiàn)一些過敏癥狀。原因在于，鄉(xiāng)村微生物遠比城市的多樣復(fù)雜，在鄉(xiāng)村生活的孩子接觸了更多微生物，他們的免疫系統(tǒng)經(jīng)過與這些微生物的博弈，身體已經(jīng)適應(yīng)它們。在城市中長大的人卻沒有這種經(jīng)歷，一旦遇到某些免疫系統(tǒng)從未接觸過或不認識的微生物，就比較容易染病。城市生物多樣性的前提是復(fù)雜多樣的生態(tài)環(huán)境。盡管城市在不斷擴張，自然空間縮小了，呈碎片化，由此改變了土地原有生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，水文狀況和地表結(jié)構(gòu)，自然空間既有限又破碎，但在一定程度上實現(xiàn)生物多樣性也并非如我們想象的那樣困難。正確答案：詳見解析參考解析：【參考譯文】Urbanbiodiversityreferstotheabundanceofbiologicalspeciesincludingplants,animalsandmicroorganismsincities.Itisthebasisforensuringtheecologicalbalanceofcitiesandalsoplaysanimportantroleinregulatingurbanclimate,maintainingnaturalcycleofwaterandcleanwatersource,keepingsoilfertility,etc.Abiologicallydiversecityispossibletobeonewithawell-functioning,balancedandstableecosystem.Urbanbiodiversityisalsocloselyrelatedtothelivesandhealthofurbanresidents.Scientificresearchesindicatethatpeoplewhospenttheirchildhoodincitiesaremorelikelytodevelopsomeallergysymptomsinspecificseasonsthanthosewhogrewupinthecountryside.Thereasonisthatruralmicroorganismsarefarmorediverseandcomplexthanthoseincities,andruralchildren,exposedtomoremicroorganisms,havetheirimmunesystemsgonethroughfightsagainstsuchmicroorganismsandt