沖刺2025年高考大題突破得高分系列 英語05 閱讀七選五(解析版)

歷年考情高考英語閱讀七選五說明文，主要向讀者介紹知識、說明事物原理、解釋操作流程或闡釋社會文化現(xiàn)象等。文本條理清晰，常運用小標題、數(shù)字序號、邏輯連接詞來組織行文，讓復雜內容層次分明，方便讀者理解。這類題型要求考生從七個備選項中選出五個合適的句子，填補文章空缺處，使文意連貫、邏輯順暢，綜合考查閱讀理解、語篇分析及上下文銜接能力。命題規(guī)律七選五閱讀文章體裁以說明文、記敘文為主。語篇模式也較為固定：依次是提出問題、分析問題、最后是提供解決方案；題目的位置也很固定：有首句、句中、末句與獨立成段四種情形；題型的正確選項大致可分為主旨概括句（文章整體內容）、過渡性句子（文章結構）和注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）三類。若問題在段首，通常是段落主題句。若是針對段落小標題設空。其呈現(xiàn)形式應和其他小標題相同。選項應短小精評，多為名詞詞組、動名詞短語或祈使向。若段落首句設空，段首句要么與段落標題相關聯(lián)，要么是段落主題句。選項要有概括性?？枷蝾A測預測2025年高考閱讀理解七選五試題仍然以結構鮮明的指導類說明文為主，主要考查解釋說明句。1/【新課標Ⅰ卷】Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755.makedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【答案】36.F37.B38.E39.A40.D2/【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者使用英語詞典的經(jīng)驗和心得以及從中獲得的樂趣。【36題詳解】上文“Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(如果你想發(fā)表，)”寫錯誤是專業(yè)的手稿的要求之一。F選項“Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.(這意味著語法正確，沒有拼寫錯誤。)”是對手稿要求的進一步解釋說明，符合題意。故選F項?！?7題詳解】上文“Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.(我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫檢查器。)”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫檢查器;下文“Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.(當然，現(xiàn)在有很多在線)”提到了作者更喜歡實體B選項“Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因，具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項?！?8題詳解】下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它應該給出每個單詞的精確)”提到了字典的功能，E選項“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(當然，字典不僅僅是用來拼寫的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文內容。故選E項?！?9題詳解】下文“However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.()”提到了字典的使用情況，A選項“Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.(我不經(jīng)常用這本字典。)”是對字典使用頻率的說明，與下文構成轉折關系。故選A項?！?0題詳解】上文“makedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個定義時寫道：“編字典是件無聊的工作(乏味)”)”“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花幾分鐘的時間瀏覽一兩頁是一種有益的體驗。)”提到瀏覽字典也是一種閱讀的樂趣，D選項“Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.3/()”“乏味”故選D項。技巧一：從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷因果關系在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎上，判斷它們之間的關系來進一步確認答案。因果關系主要指前后的句子有著原因和結果之間的關系，這種關系往往說明了前因后果或者前果后因等情況。表示因果關系的連詞有Asaresult結果，thus/therefore因此，so(such)...如此以至于等。技巧二：從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷轉折關系轉折關系主要指英語行文中后句對前句構成逆轉邏輯關系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉，則空格處很有可能是個轉折邏輯的句子。表示轉折關系的連接詞有：However然而,nevertheless仍然，然而，不過,nonetheless盡管如此，依然，然而,still還；然而,though可是，不過，然而,yet然而,inspiteof不顧，不管,atanyrate無論如何，至少,inanycase無論如何，不管怎樣,whoever無論是誰,whatever無論什么，onthecontrary正相反,incontrast與此相反,相比之下,bycontrast相反,相比之下,incomparison比較起來，比較地,bycomparison相比之下,conversely相反(地),otherwise否則；除此以外，notbut不是而是，aswell也等。技巧三：從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷例證關系前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質而言無非是思維上的形象（例子、類比等）和抽象（觀點）的辯證關系，用到的思維過程無非就是基本的歸納（從例子到觀點）和推理（從觀點到例子）。技巧四：從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷遞進關系遞進關系主要指英語行文中后句對前句是一種順承邏輯關系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的層進關系，則空格處很有可能是個遞進的句子。表示遞進關系的連詞有：also也,而且,further另外(的)；,furthermore而且，此外,likewise同樣地，照樣地；也，又,similarly相似地，類似地,moreover而且再者，此外,inaddition另外，加之,what’smore更重要的是,too也，還,either也,neither兩者都不,notalso不但而且等。技巧五：從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷平列關系表示列舉關系的有：first首先,第一,second第二,third第三firstly第一,首先,secondly第二(點)；4/其次,thirdly第三first第一,next其次,then那么,然后inthefirstplace第一，首先,inthesecondplace第二,其次foronething首先，一則,foranotherthing其次tobeginwith首先，第一,toconclude首先，第一等技巧六：從詞匯線索上判斷代詞英語表達中的代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據(jù)代詞的單復數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。技巧七：從詞匯線索上判斷同義詞近義詞英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達語甚至相同詞匯的重復使用，這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。技巧八：從詞匯線索上判斷上下義詞同一范疇詞上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者，或可以說后者是前者的一個子集。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關系常?？梢院茌p松地解題。技巧九：從試題位置上判斷問題在段首假如問題出現(xiàn)在段首，它通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關的詞，推斷出主題句。另外著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會有某種的銜接手段，尤其當選項是幾句話時。技巧十：從試題位置上判斷問題在段尾所選答案是引出下一段的內容。如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關聯(lián)，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。分析與前文是轉折或是對比關系。此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉折、對比的關聯(lián)詞，同時注意選項中所講內容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、對比關系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認真閱讀，看此處是細節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉折詞引出來，正確答案中應有這therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句?！緦煤幽鲜∴嵵菔兄性瓍^(qū)鄭州中學高三上學期月模擬預測】It’sNationalGoodNeighborDayonSeptember28.Onthisday,wedofunactivitiestobendwishownneighboringfamilies.It’sagreatwaytobreak5/theiceandbuildlong-lastingrelationshipsforcooperationdevelopment.Neighborscanmakeorbreakyourexperienceoflivinginanarea.36.Neighborsarelikeumbrellaonarainyday,lendingahelpinghandintimesofemergency.37.Theyinvitedthemtopartiesandballs,wentridingwiththem,workedontheirframe,invitedthemoverfordinner,andtookcareoftheirhomeswhenevertheywentaway.Nowadays,withbusyschedulesandtechnologicaladvancements,weneverreallycoremuchaboutorshowinterestinthefamilynextdoor.38.NationalGoodNeighborDaywasfirstcelebratedintheearly1970sbyBeckyMattsonwhowantedtoconnectwithherneighborsinMontana.Itofficiallybecameaholidayin1978,whenPresidentJimmyCartersignedaproclamation(公告)toestablishtheholiday.39asitwasrecognizedthattherewaslittlemeaningfulcommunicationamongpeopleandtherewasaneedtobringthemtogetherforthemtointeractwithoneanother.Thegovernmentbelievedhumanvaluesandconsiderationforotherswereagentialtothesystemofcivilizationanddecidedthatbeinggoodneighborstothosearounduswasthefirststeptowardhumanunderstanding.40.Now,wecelebrateNationalGoodNeighborDayonSeptember28,takingspecialtimetocareforourneighborsandformormaintainfriendships.A．AresolutionwaspassedbythegovernmentB．TheyareencouragedtoparticipateincommunityeventsC．Therefore,afixeddatewassetforGoodNeighborDayD．Beingagoodneighborhelpsusbuildsolidandlong-lastingrelationshipsE．PreviousgenerationstendedtoengagetheirneighborsinalotofactivitiesF．Thisiswhywe’velivednexttoeachotherforyearsbutstillaren’tfamiliarG．shouldappreciateourneighborsandmakeantogettoknowthem【答案】36．D37．E38．F39．A40．C【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了“好鄰節(jié)”的歷史由來和意義。36．根據(jù)上文“Neighborscanmakeorbreakyourexperienceoflivinginanarea.(鄰居可以成就或破壞你在一個地區(qū)的生活體驗)”以及后文“Neighborsarelikeumbrellaonarainyday,lendingahelpinghandintimesofemergency.()”作用。故D選項“做一個好鄰居有助于我們建立穩(wěn)固而持久的關系”符合語境，故選D。37．根據(jù)本段內容“Theyinvitedthemtopartiesandballs,wentridingwiththem,workedontheirframe,invitedthemoverfordinner,andtookcareoftheirhomeswhenevertheywentaway,Nowadays,withbusyschedulesand6/technologicaladvancements,weneverreallycoremuchaboutorshowinterestinthefamilynextdoor.(他們邀請他們參加聚會和舞會，和他們一起騎馬，給他們修身，邀請他們來家里吃飯，在他們離開的時候照顧他們的家。如今，由于繁忙的日程和科技的進步，我們從來沒有真正關心過隔壁的家庭，也沒有對他們表現(xiàn)出興趣)”E選項“前幾代人傾向于讓他們的鄰居參與許多活動”符合語境，故選E。38．根據(jù)上文“Nowadays,withbusyschedulesandtechnologicaladvancements,weneverreallycoremuchaboutorshowinterestinthefamilynextdoor.(如今，由于繁忙的日程和科技的進步，我們從來沒有真正關心過或對隔壁的家庭表現(xiàn)出興趣)”可知，本句與上文在語意上可以是因果關系，指出“從來沒有真正關心過或對隔壁的家庭表現(xiàn)出興趣”造成的結果就是彼此不熟悉，陌生。故F選項“這就是為什么我們住在一起很多年了，但仍然不熟悉”符合語境，故選F。39“Itofficiallybecameaholidayin1978,whenPresidentJimmyCartersignedaproclamation(公告)toestablishtheholiday(1978·)”以及后文“asitwasrecognizedthattherewaslittlemeaningfulcommunicationamongpeopleandtherewasaneedtobringthemtogetherforthemtointeractwithoneanother()”政府對于這一節(jié)日的認可行為，故A選項“政府通過了一項法案”符合語境，故選A。40．根據(jù)上文“Thegovernmentbelievedhumanvaluesandconsiderationforotherswereagentialtothesystemofcivilizationanddecidedthatbeinggoodneighborstothosearounduswasthefirststeptowardhumanunderstanding.(政府認為人類的價值觀和為他人著想是文明體系的核心，并認為與周圍的人成為好鄰居是人類相互理解的第一步)”以及后文“Now,wecelebrateNationalGoodNeighborDayonSeptember28,takingspecialtimetocareforourneighborsandformormaintainfriendships.(現(xiàn)在，我們在9月28日慶祝全國睦鄰日，)”9月28C選項“因此，好鄰居日就定了一個固定的日期”C。7/Passage（1）【安徽省合肥市第一中學學年高三上學期月階段性診斷檢測】Don’tLetPersonalityDefinePersonalitytests,especiallytheMyers-Briggstypeindicator(MBT),arepopulartoolsthatmanypeopleusetobetterunderstandthemselvesandtheirrelationshipswithothers.MBTIsortspeopleinto16differentpersonalitytypesbasedonfourkeycategories.Althoughthesetestscanprovideusefulinsights,it’simportantnottoletthemdefineorlimityou.16.Butpeoplearecomplex.Ourpersonalitiescanchangeovertime,dependingonexperiencesandgrowth.WhattheMBTItestrevealsisjustasnapshotofone’spreferences,notacompletedefinitionofwhoyouare.Forexample,ifthetestlabelsyouasan“introvert”(性格內向的人),youmayfeeltemptedtoavoidsocialcommunicationbecauseyouthinkit’snotinyournaturetobeoutgoing.Butyoumightfindthatyourabilitytoenjoysocialeventsincreasesovertime.Thekeyisnottoacceptthelabelasanunchangeablefact.17Similarly,ifyouarecategorizedasa“thinking”type,itmightleadyoutobelievethatyouarealwaysrational18Emotionalresponseisalsoanessentialpartofhumannature,andembracingthemcanenhanceyourdecision-makingprocessandrelationships.Additionally,manypeoplegetcaughtupintheideathattheir“type”limitstheircareersorpersonalchoices.Theymightthink,forinstance,thatan“introvert”wouldnotbeagoodleader.19.Manyintrovertsachievesuccessthroughcarefullisteningandthoughtfuldecision-making.Don’tletdeMBTIlabelstopyoufrompursuingopportunitiesthatfeelrightforyou.Finally,oneofthemostimportantlessonswecanlearnfromtheMBTIisthatwearenotdefinedbyonetestorlabel.20.Byfocusingonourstrengthsandembracingthefullcomplexityofourpersonalities,wecanleadricherandmorefulfillinglives.areallmorethanthelabelswereceive.A．Therealityisquitedifferent.B．Thetestresultsshouldbeseenasaguide,notalimitation.C．TheMBTIsystemprovidesasimplewaytocategorizeindividualsbasedontheirpreferences.D．Buttherearecountlessexamplesofintrovertsexcellinginthesetypesofroles.E．shouldseeitasastartingpointforself-reflectionandgrowth.F．However,it’sessentialtounderstandthatbothpartsofthepersonalityarevaluable.G．TheMBTIsystemcansometimespreventindividualsfromrealizingtheirfullpotential.8/【答案】16．C17．E18．F19．D20．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章提醒勿讓人格類型定義自己，指出MBTI測試有局限，應正確看待其結果以更好生活。16．由上文“Personalitytests,especiallytheMyers-Briggstypeindicator(MBTI),arepopulartoolsthatmanypeopleusetobetterunderstandthemselvesandtheirrelationshipswithothers.MBTIsortspeopleinto16differentpersonalitytypesbasedonfourkeycategories.(-MBTI多人用來更好地了解自己和與他人關系的流行工具。MBTI根據(jù)四個關鍵類別將人們分為16種不同的人格類型。)”可知，這里介紹了MBTI這種人格測試會將人按四個關鍵類別分為16種不同人格類型，空格處需要對其分類情況進一步說明來銜接后文，且后文“Butpeoplearecomplex.(但人是復雜的。)”進行轉折，而C項“TheMBTIsystemprovidesasimplewaytocategorizeindividualsbasedontheirpreferences.(MBTI系統(tǒng)提供)”故選C項。17．由上文“Thekeyisnottoacceptthelabelasanunchangeablefact.(關鍵是不要接受標簽是不可改變的事實。)”可知，這里強調不要把標簽當作不可改變的事實，空格處要進一步說明對待測試結果應有的正確做法，而E項shouldseeitasastartingpointforself-reflectionandgrowth.(你應該把它看作是自我反思和成長的起點。)”符合此處語境，對前文進行了合理的延伸，其中it指代上文thelabel，有承上作用。故選E項。18．由上文“Similarly,ifyouarecategorizedasa‘thinking’type,itmightleadyoutobelievethatyouarealwaysrational.(同樣地，如果你被歸類為‘思考’型，這可能會讓你認為自己總是理性的。)”可知，這里提及被歸為某類型后的片面認知，空格后“Emotionalresponseisalsoanessentialpartofhumannature,andembracingthemcanenhanceyourdecision-makingprocessandrelationships.()”F項“However,it’sessentialtounderstandthatbothpartsofthepersonalityarevaluable.()”起到承上啟下作用，指出人格兩部分都有價值，使前后銜接自然。故選F項。19“Theymightthink,forinstance,thatan‘introvert’wouldnotbeagoodleader.(向的人不會成為好的領導者。)”可知，這里舉例說明人們對內向者在職場上的錯誤認知，空格后“Manyintrovertsachievesuccessthroughcarefullisteningandthoughtfuldecision-making.(許多內向者通過認真傾聽和深思熟慮的決策取得了成功。)”表明內向者也能成功，而D項“Buttherearecountlessexamplesofintrovertsexcellinginthesetypesofroles.(但有無數(shù)內向者在這些角色中表現(xiàn)出色的例子。)”子反駁前文觀點。故選D項。9/20．由上文“Finally,oneofthemostimportantlessonswecanlearnfromtheMBTIisthatwearenotdefinedbyonetestorlabel.(最后，我們可以從MBTI中學到的最重要的教訓之一是，我們不是由一個測試或標簽來定義的。)”B項“Thetestresultsshouldbeseenasaguide,notalimitation.()”指出應把測試結果當作指導而非限制，與后文“Byfocusingonourstrengthsandembracingthefullcomplexityofourpersonalities,wecanleadricherandmorefulfillinglives.(通過關注我們的優(yōu)勢并接納我們個性的全部復雜性，我們可以過上更豐富、更充實的生活。)”相呼應，符合文意。故選B項。Passage（2）【福建省泉州市四校聯(lián)考學年高三下學期開學】EverytimeIputonmyseatbelt,checkmymirrorandturnontheengine,ItypeintheaddressofwhereverI’mgoingintomyphone.16theguideofGPS—theGlobalPositioningSystem—notonlywouldIbelost,I’dfeellost.Itmakesmewonder:IsthereanythingIcandotoimprovemynavigation(導航)skills?Theanswerisyes.Herearesomestepsyoucantaketoboostyoursenseofdirection.17Ifyou’renotpressedfortime,giveuptheautomobilenavigationandtrytofindyourwayaroundtown.Nexttimeyougoforawalk,godownaroadyou’venotwalked.Ortakethescenicroutetoyourfavoritebar.Thisworksifyou’rewalking,bikingordriving.ThenseeifyoucanmakeitbackhomewithoutaGPS.Uselandmarkstodirectyourself.18identifyyourposition,theexpertssuggestpickingafewlandmarksintowntohelpnavigateyourself.Theideallandmarkislargeandfaraway,likeabigsign,ahighway,atallbuildingorabridge.Becuriousaboutyoursurroundings.Whetheryou’regoingsomewherenewortoaplaceyou’vebeentomanytimes,it’shelpfultojustturnaroundandseewhattheviewlookslikebehindyou.19Thisgivesyouvisualremindersonhowtogetback.Usememorytrickstorememberwhereyouare.Peoplewithagoodsenseofdirectionknowtheirstreets.Ifyouaren’tsuchaperson,youcantryanexpertnavigationmethod.Commitstreetnames,landmarksandroutestomemorybyusingtrickstolockthingsin.20A．yourtimetomapyourtown.B．Ihaveaterriblesenseofdirection.C．yourGPSandgetlostonpurpose.D．Whatlandmarkswillyourecommendtovisitors?/E．Thisisespeciallyhelpfulwhenstreetnamesareabstract.F．Notsureifyou’renorth,south,eastorwestfromhome?G．Lookingatyoursurroundingscanhelpyourememberyourroute.【答案】16．B17．C18．F19．G20．E【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了提高方向感的幾個步驟。16．根據(jù)上文“EverytimeIputonmyseatbelt,checkmymirrorandturnontheengine,ItypeintheaddressofwhereverI’mgoingintomyphone.(的地方的地址。)”和下文theguideofGPS—theGlobalPositioningSystem—notonlywouldIbelost,I’dfeellost.(GPS)”出行都要依靠GPS，如果沒有GPS的引導，作者不僅會迷路，還會感到迷茫，這說明作者的方向感很差。所以選項B“我的方向感很差”符合語境。故選B。17“Ifyou’renotpressedfortime,giveuptheautomobilenavigationandtrytofindyourwayaroundtown.()”汽車導航，試著在城里自己找路，故意讓自己迷路，以此來提高導航技能。所以選項C“關掉你的GPS，故意迷路”符合語境。故選C。18．根據(jù)下文identifyyourposition,theexpertssuggestpickingafewlandmarksintowntohelpnavigateyourself.()”自己指引方向，確定自己的位置，說明有時候我們可能不清楚自己的具體位置，所以需要地標來幫忙確定，選項F“不確定你家是在北邊、南邊、東邊還是西邊？”引出下文，符合語境。故選F。19．根據(jù)上文“Whetheryou’regoingsomewherenewortoaplaceyou’vebeentomanytimes,it’shelpfultojustturnaroundandseewhattheviewlookslikebehindyou.(無論你是要去一個新的地方，還是去過很多次的地方，)”和下文“Thisgivesyouvisualremindersonhowtogetback.(這給了你視覺上的提示，告訴你如何回去。)”可知，本段建議多觀察周圍的環(huán)境，轉過身來看看身后的景色，G“觀察周圍的環(huán)境可以幫助你記住路線”承上啟下，符合語境。故選G。20．根據(jù)上文“Commitstreetnames,landmarksandroutestomemorybyusingtrickstolockthingsin.(通過使用)”置，通過技巧將街道名稱、地標和路線牢記在心，這對于街道名稱很抽象的情況特別有幫助，選項E“當街道名稱很抽象時，這尤其有幫助”符合語境，“This”指代上文中“Commitstreetnames,landmarksandroutesto/memorybyusingtrickstolockthingsin”。故選E。Passage（3）【福建師范大學附屬中學Itisnaturaltocompareourselvestoothersandtogetcaughtinamentalcomparisonloop,andyetthisseldomisbeneficial.mayhaveheardtheexpression,“13”me,thisringstrueasIhavefounditisquitedifficulttocomparemyselftoothersandfeelsatisfiedatthesametime.Comparisonnotonlyrobsusofdelight,butitalsofuelsself-criticismandalackofself-acceptance.14“Iamnotassuccessful,competent,attractiveastheyare.”“Whydon’tIhavewhattheyhave?”usecomparisonasanavenueforself-criticism,“What’swrongwithme?Imustbeanexactloser.”Thishindersself-acceptance.oftentellourselvesweareacceptableonlyifwemeetcertainstandards,andweevaluatehowwemeasureupbylookingatothers.Thetendencyistoconcludethatwearenotmeasuringup,particularlyifwehavealowsenseofself-worth.15don’tjustaskourselves,“What’swrongwithme?”worrywhatotherswillthink:“What’swrongwiththem?”Theloomingsenseofpossiblerejectioncreatesuneasinessandanxiety.16Ittellsusthatifwemeettheexpectations,loseweight,getapromotion,orbuyanewhouse,wewillfeelbetter,calmer,moreself-assured,andstopcomparingourselves.Thismaybetemporarilytrue,yet,acomparisonisaninternalprocessthatisultimatelybasedonourthoughtsandsenseofself,notexternalcircumstances.canalwaysfindsomethingelsetocompare,anotherexpectationwetellourselveswearenotmeeting.17Socomparisoncandestroyourawarenessofpersonalvaluesgradually.stopcomparingourselvestoothers,wehavetorecognizethatthecomparisongameisunwinnableandstopplaying.A．Nocomparison,nolife.B．Comparisonisthethiefofjoy.C．Comparisoncanevenbemisleading.D．arefocusedonothersandnotonwhatismeaningfultous.E．comparisonwillleadtofeelinginadequateorinferior.F．Shiftfrombeingguidedbycomparisontobeingguidedbyvalues.G．Andwefearthatwearegoingtobejudgedbyourperceivedfailures.【答案】13．B14．E15．G16．C17．D/【導語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了比較對我們的壞處，所以我們應該停止將自己與其他人比較。13．前文mayhaveheardtheexpression,(你可能聽過這個表達)”表明空處為對應的表達，結合后文me,thisringstrueasIhavefounditisquitedifficulttocomparemyselftoothersandfeelsatisfiedatthesametime.()”表明此處的句子應該與“比較和滿意”有關，B選項“攀比是偷走快樂的小偷”符合該主旨。故選B。14“Comparisonnotonlyrobsusofdelight,butitalsofuelsself-criticismandalackofself-acceptance.(比較)”E選項“”leadtofeelinginadequateorinferior與上文fuelsself-criticismandalackofself-acceptance呼應一致。故選E。15．前文oftentellourselvesweareacceptableonlyifwemeetcertainstandards,andweevaluatehowwemeasureupbylookingatothers.Thetendencyistoconcludethatwearenotmeasuringup,particularlyifwehavealowsenseofself-worth.(.人們往往會得出這樣的結論：我們沒有達到標準，尤其是當我們自我價值感很低的時候)”G選項“我們害怕別人會用我們的失敗來評判我們”為進worrywhatotherswillthink:“What’swrongwiththem?”(我們擔心別人會怎么想:“他們怎么了？”)”從別人的角度批評自己語境一致。故選G。16．下文“Thismaybetemporarilytrue,yet,acomparisonisaninternalprocessthatisultimatelybasedonourthoughtsandsenseofself,notexternalcircumstances.(這可能暫時是正確的，然而，比較是一個內部過程，最終基于我們的思想和自我意識，而不是外部環(huán)境)”說明了空處下一句中提到的現(xiàn)象的錯誤性，C選項“比較甚至會產生誤導”總領下文。故選C。17canalwaysfindsomethingelsetocompare,anotherexpectationwetellourselveswearenotmeeting.(我們總能找到其他的東西來比較，我們告訴自己我們沒有達到的另一個期望)”表示比較是永遠存在的，后文“Socomparisoncandestroyourawarenessofpersonalvaluesgradually.(所以攀比會逐漸破壞我們對個人價值的認識)”D選項“”為對于前文原因的補充，符合語境。故選D。Passage（4）【廣東省深圳市高級中學學年高三上學期第三次診斷考試】Glaciersaremelting;childrenarefacingviolence;hatredisspreading.Attimes,itfeelsasiftheworldisreachingthebottom.16It’soneofthemostpowerfulandessentialhumanmindsets,andpossibletoachieveevenwhenitfeelsoutofreach.Chan/Hellman,apsychologist,emphasizesthathopeisateachableandattainablemindset,notaninherenttrait.Howcanwestayhopeful-evenwhenitfeelsunattainable?17Aschildren,wewereoftenwarnedagainstgettingourhopesup.However,DavidFeldman,aprofessorstudyinghope,notes,“Thetruthis,whetherornotweallowourselvestohope,atsomepointwe’regoingtobedisappointed.Ithinkthesolutionisallowingourselvestofeelhopeful.Inthemid-1980s,thepsychologistCharlesSnyderidentifiedthreecrucialfactorsformingthebasisofHopeTheory,amodelresearchersstillrelyontoday:First,peoplemustthinkinagoal-orientedway.Moreontheothertwoelements,pathwaysandagency.)Makeitapointtoalwaysbeworkingtowardatleastonegoalthat’smeaningfulbynature,Feldmanadvises.18.19.Feldmanexplainsitashavingclearandfeasiblestrategiesforgoalattainment.Ifyou’vesetagoalthat’smeaningfultoyou,butyoucan’tfigureoutawaytoachieveit,you’llprobablyfeelprettyhopeless.Peoplewhoarehighinhope,meanwhile,tendtohaveanalternativeattheready.CallyoursupportteamAccordingtoSnyder’sresearch,peoplewhoarehopefultendtohavealotof“agency”,whichmeansthemotivationtoactuallyachievetheirgoals.Gettingagoodnight’srest,followingahealthydiet,andmeditatingcanallpromoteagency,Feldmansays.20.However,sometimesthestrongestsourceofagencyisotherpeople.WhenFeldmanisfeelinglow,hecallshisfather,who’shisbiggestcheerleader.A．SeekforhopeinlonelinessB．GiveyourselfpermissiontobehopefulC．ThecureforanydespairmightbehopeD．SurroundyourselfwithsupportivepeopleE．SocantappingintoourownpositivebeliefsaboutourselvesF．AnotherkeyelementofSnyder’sHopeTheoryis“pathways”G．Itshouldn’tbesomethingyouhavetodobutsomethingyouwanttodo【答案】16．C17．B18．G19．F20．E【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一些保持希望的方法。/16．根據(jù)上文“Glaciersaremelting;childrenarefacingviolence;hatredisspreading.Attimes,itfeelsasiftheworldisreachingthebottom.(冰川正在融化；兒童面臨暴力；仇恨正在蔓延。有時，感覺好像世界正在走向谷底)”以及后文“It’soneofthemostpowerfulandessentialhumanmindsets,andpossibletoachieveevenwhenitfeelsoutofreach.(這是人類最強大、最重要的心態(tài)之一，即使感覺遙不可及，也有可能實現(xiàn))”可知，本句主要說明后文It指代的內容，且上文前兩句話可以與C選項中的despairC選項“治愈絕望的方法可能是希望”符合語境，故選C。17．此處是本段小標題，根據(jù)本段“Ithinkthesolutionisallowingourselvestofeelhopeful.(我認為解決辦法是讓我們自己充滿希望)”B選項“允許自己充滿希望”B。18．根據(jù)上文“Makeitapointtoalwaysbeworkingtowardatleastonegoalthat’smeaningfulbynature,Feldmanadvises.(費爾德曼建議，一定要始終朝著至少一個本質上有意義的目標努力)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，G項中的it指代前一句中的goal，表達這個目標不應該是你不得不(被迫)做的，而應該是你自己想做的，與workingtowardatleastonegoalthat’smeaningfulbynatureG選項“它不應該是你必須做的事情，而是你想做的事情”符合語境，故選G。19．根據(jù)后文“Feldmanexplainsitashavingclearandfeasiblestrategiesforgoalattainment.Ifyou’vesetagoalthat’smeaningfultoyou,butyoucan’tfigureoutawaytoachieveit,you’llprobablyfeelprettyhopeless.Peoplewhoarehighinhope,meanwhile,tendtohaveanalternativeattheready.(費爾德曼將其解釋為擁有實現(xiàn)目標的清晰可行的策略。如果你設定了一個對你來說很有意義的目標，但你卻找不到實現(xiàn)它的方法，你可能會感)”已經(jīng)準備好了另一種選擇，即說明實現(xiàn)目標的途徑，故F選項“施耐德希望理論的另一個關鍵要素是‘路徑’”符合語境，故選F。20“AccordingtoSnyder’sresearch,peoplewhoarehopefultendtohavealotof“agency”,whichmeansthemotivationtoactuallyachievetheirgoals.Gettingagoodnight’srest,followingahealthydiet,andmeditatingcanallpromoteagency,Feldmansays.(“能動性”)”E項中使用的“Socan+主語”的倒裝句，與前一句“主語+candosth.”形成呼應。故E選項“利用我們對自己的積極信念也可以”符合語境，故選E。Passage（5）/【湖北省武漢市第一中學學年高三上學期月聯(lián)考】Haveyoueverhadagoalthatnomatterhowhardyouworked,orhowmanyhoursyoudedicated,itjustdidn’tseemtomakeanyprogress?Despiteallyourbestitfeltlikeyouwererunningonatreadmill—workinghardbutnotgoinganywhere.16Setyourselfare-evaluationdate.Sometimes,thefruitsofyourlaborcanbelikeaniceberg.Onlyasmallpartisvisibleabovethewater.17Self-doubtandanxietyaboutwhetheryou’remakinganyprogresscansabotageyourgoalsevenifyou’reinfactmakingsignificantprogressjustbelowthesurface.Ifyouthinkyourgoalmighttakesometimetomanifestchange,trysettinga“re-evaluationdate”beforeyouquitandgiveuponyourselftooearly.Fora“re-evaluationdate”,simplypickadayonthecalendarthatmakessenseforthesizeandscopeofyourparticulargoal.Thenrefusetorethink,reassess,orself-doubtyourdecisionsuntilthatday.18There’snothingmoredemoralizingandfrustratingthanfeelinglikeyou’reconstantlymessinguporself-sabotagingyourowngoal.Insteadofseeingsetbacksandfailuresasnegativethings,reframetheminyourmindaslearningexperiences—andthoseexperiencescanbesomeofthebestteachers!Alsofocusonenjoyingthedoing.It’seasytogetcaughtupworryingabouthowmuchprogressyou’remakingandforgettoenjoytheactualjourney.19Ifyouconstantlyfeelnegativewhileworkingtowardsyourgoal,you’llquicklycometoresentitandwillbemorelikelytoquit.Soifyou’refeelingfrustratedaboutagoal,rememberthattherejustmightbealotofthingshappeningunderthesurfaceyou’renotawareof.Andremember,resultsaren’teverything.Learning,growing,enjoyingyourselfalongtheway...20A．willeventuallyseeresults.B．Butbelow,ahugeicebergisforming.C．Thosearethethingsthatreallymatter.D．Celebrateyourfailuresasmuchasyoursuccesses.E．Reframeallyoursetbacksandfailuresaslearningexperiences.F．Ifso,thereareafewkeythingsthatcanhelpyoustayontrack.G．Ifyoucanfindjoyworkingtowardsyourgoals,thenyouwi