山東省菏澤市鄄城縣第一中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)英語(yǔ)試題

2024—2025學(xué)年高二開年大聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。考試時(shí)間為120分鐘，滿分150分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatwillMarydonext?A.TeachMikeinperson.B.LendhernotebooktoMike.C.HandinMike’ssicknote.2.Howdidthewomangetthepapercuttings?A.Shecutthemherself.B.Herfatherboughtthemforher.C.Herfriendgavethemtoher.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Atthewoman’shome.C.Attheman’shome.4Whoisprobablythewoman?A.Adesigner.B.Amodel.C.Asaleswoman.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirtravelexperiences.B.Theirfavoritecities.C.Theirholidayplans.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7兩個(gè)小題。6.Whydoesthemanapologize?A.Fornotgoingtotheamusementpark.B.Fornotattendingtheparentteachermeeting.C.Fornotexplainingthereasonintime.7.Whatsubjectisthewomanprobablybadat?A.Math.B.English.C.Physics.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9兩個(gè)小題。8.Howdidthewomanknowaboutthesofa?A.Fromthenewspaper.B.Fromherbrother.C.Fromanapp.9.Whydidthemandecidetosellthesofa?A.Hiswifedoesn’tlikeit.B.Hehasboughtanewsofa.C.Thereisn’tenoughroomforitinhisnewplace.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12三個(gè)小題。10.Whatisthemanconcernedaboutmost?A.Thefloor.B.Thebalcony.C.Thesportsfacilities.11.Howmuchdoesthemanhavetopay?A.$800.B.$720.C.$400.12.Whatinformationdoesthemanprovideintheend?A.Hisemailaddress.B.Hisphonenumber.C.Hisfullname.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16四個(gè)小題。13.WhatwasPauldoingbeforetheconversation?A.Playingvideogames.B.Recordingavideo.C.Playingwithhisphone.14.HowdoesthewomansuggestPaulfindajob?A.BysearchingtheInternet.B.Byreadingthelocalnewspapers.C.Bywalkingaroundinthecity.15.WhatisPaulprobablyunwillingtodo?A.Workintheevenings.B.Workonweekends.C.Workfarawayfromhome.16.WhichjobwillPaulprobablyconsider?A.Areporter.B.Awaiter.C.Abusdriver.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20四個(gè)小題。17.WhydidSarooBrierleygetonthetrainwhenhewasfour?A.Totraveltoanewcity.B.Togobackhome.C.Tolookforhisbrother.18.WhatdidSarooBrierleywriteinhisbookALongWayHome?A.Hiscuriosityabouthishometown.B.Hisimpressionofhisbrother.C.HisAustralianfamily.19.HowdidSarooBrierleyfindhishometown?A.Byaskingaladyforhelp.B.BygoingtoIndianvillagesinperson.C.Byusingadigitalmappingprogram.20.HowdidSarooBrierleyfeelintheend?A.Disappointed.B.Excited.C.Curious.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABestSTEMSummerCampsForKidsCarnegieMellonSAMSCollegepreparationisaprimarygoalofScience,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics(STEM)programs,andCarnegieMellonUniversityoffersanaccelerated(快捷的)summeracademyforthisspecificpurpose.Thebestpartaboutitisthatit’spletelyfreeforstudents.TheSummerAcademyforMathandScience(SAMS)lastsfiveweeksandprovidesafulltimeeducationalexperienceduringtheschoolbreak.Applicantsneedtobeajuniorinhighschool.MadScienceWorldwideMadScienceWorldwidehasseverallocationsacrosstheUnitedStatesandothercountries.Unlikeothertraditionalcamps,theirSTEMcampsarehostedatschoolsandallowentireclassestoattend.MadScienceWorldwidehassummercampsforkidsages312.Sessionsareavailableinhalfdayandfulldaysessions.Theteachertostudentratefallsbetween1:121:15,withinstructorswhoareeitherteachersorcollegestudentswithpreviousexperienceteachingchildren.AstroCampLocatedinthebeautifulSanJacintoMountainsofSouthernCalifornia,AstroCampbinesthetraditionalsummercampswithalargelistofactivitiesfocusedonSTEMlearning.AstroCampofferstwoweeksessionsofeducationandfuntokidsages8to17.Campactivitieslikerockclimbing,hiking,andsailing,keepcampersactiveinthesun.InSTEMactivitieskidscanexploretheuniversewithtelescopesduringstarnightsorconductexperimentswithgasesandatmosphereinthelab.SpaceCampSomechildrendreamofbeinganastronaut,andtheycanliveoutthosedreamsatSpaceCamp.LocatedinHuntsville,Alabama,incooperationwiththeU.S.RocketandSpaceCenter,SpaceCamphasservedfamiliessince1982.Programsaresixdayslongforcampers918.ParentscansharethefunwiththeirchildrenbyenrollingintheFamilySpaceAcademyoption,whichlaststhreedays.Therearealsootherspecialtycampsthatfocusonaviation(航空)andcybersecurity.1.What’sthepurposeofCarnegieMellonSAMS?A.Togetstudentsreadyforhighereducation.B.Toofferscholarshiptohighschoolstudents.C.Toentertainstudentsduringsummerholiday.D.Toprovidestudentswithfulltimecollegeexperience.2.WhatdoweknowaboutAstroCamp?A.Itissponsoredbylocalspacecenter.B.Itisatwoweekcampbasedataschool.C.Itfeaturesvariousexcitingextremesports.DItintegratesregularcampactivitieswithSTEMlearning.3.Whichcamphasactivitiesintendedforbothchildrenandparents?A.AstroCamp. B.CarnegieMellonSAMS.C.SpaceCamp. D.MadScienceWorldwide.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了適合孩子們的幾個(gè)暑期夏令營(yíng)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“CollegepreparationisaprimarygoalofScience,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics(STEM)programs,andCarnegieMellonUniversityoffersanaccelerated(快捷的)summeracademyforthisspecificpurpose.(為大學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備是科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)（STEM）項(xiàng)目的主要目標(biāo)，卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)為此提供了一個(gè)加速的暑期學(xué)院)”可知，CarnegieMellonSAMS的主要目的是使學(xué)生為大學(xué)做好準(zhǔn)備。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“LocatedinthebeautifulSanJacintoMountainsofSouthernCalifornia,AstroCampbinesthetraditionalsummercampswithalargelistofactivitiesfocusedonSTEMlearning.(AstroCamp位于南加州美麗的圣哈辛托山脈，將傳統(tǒng)的夏令營(yíng)與大量專注于STEM學(xué)習(xí)的活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來(lái))”可知，關(guān)于AstroCam將傳統(tǒng)的夏令營(yíng)與大量專注于STEM學(xué)習(xí)的活動(dòng)結(jié)合起來(lái)。故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Programsaresixdayslongforcampers918.ParentscansharethefunwiththeirchildrenbyenrollingintheFamilySpaceAcademyoption,whichlaststhreedays.(項(xiàng)目為期六天，適用于918歲的露營(yíng)者。家長(zhǎng)可以報(bào)名參加為期三天的家庭太空學(xué)院，與孩子一起分享樂趣)”可知，SpaceCamp提供的夏令營(yíng)活動(dòng)有適合孩子和家長(zhǎng)的活動(dòng)。故選C。BIt’satruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatkidsarerarelyfondofeatingtheirgreens.Butfruitsandvegetablesarethefoundationofahealthydiet,whichmakesparentseupwithcreativesolutionstogettheirchildrentohappilyeatthem.That’showfoodartistSarahBeachcameupwithanidea—turntheseingredientsintocharacters,animals,objects,andeveninspiringmessages.Herdeliciouscreations,whichshesharesonherFacebook,arealsoafeastfortheeyes.Beach’sadventureintheworldoffoodartbeganin2018,withasimplerabbitdesign.Herfoodartworksnotonlyputasmileonherchildren’sfaces,butalsokeepthemingbackformore.Fortheartist,foodarthasalsoprovidedherwithawaytorelaxafterwork.“MostofmydesignsstartduetoaneventorideaIhave.ThenIlookwhichfruitswouldworktomakethedesignappealingtokids,”shesaid.“Colorsarekey.”Stayingtruetoherpurpose,Beachonlyusesfreshfruitandvegetables,alongwithseeds,nuts,andoccasionallyatouchofchocolate.Herartdoesnotcontainanyfoodadditives(添加劑).Stickingtohervaluesaroundfoodhasmadehernoticetheversatility(多功能)ofeachingredient.ForBeach,blueberrieslendthemselvesperfectlyforvariouselements.“Iloveworkingwithblueberries.Youcanusethemforeyes,skin,linesandbackground.Veryhealthyanddeliciousaswell.”Everyonehastheirownuniqueapproachtocreativity.Beachsaid,“Idon’treallyhaveacreativeprocess.Themostbasicofmycreationstakeonlyaround30minutestocreate,whilesomemoreplexdesignstakeuptotwohours.IgetideaswhenIlistentothenews,readbooksorsurftheInternet.Ihaveadeepseatedinnerpassiontodevelopnovel,useful,andsometimesbeautifulsolutionstokids’healthyeating.Somyfruitartillustratesmybeliefandpassion.”4.WhydidSarahBeachstartcreatingfoodart?A.Todevelopanewhobbyafterwork. B.Tobeefamousonsocialmedia.C.Toexperimentwithdifferentfoodingredients. D.Togetkidstoeatfruitsandvegetableshappily.5.WhatdoesSarahsayaboutthecolorsinherfoodartdesigns?A.Theyareessentialtoherfoodart. B.Theyareselectedbythechildren.C.Theyareoptionalforsomedesigns. D.Theyarereplacedbyartificialcolors.6.WhatcanweknowaboutSarahfromthelastparagraph?A.Sheusesnaturalingredientsforherdesigns.B.Sheintegratesloveandcreativityintoherfoodart.C.Shecooperateswithsocialmediaforinspiration.D.Sheisunwillingtoconcentrateonthecreativeprocess.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.FreshFruitsandVegetablesBenefitingChildrenB.PracticalSuggestionsonMaintainingaHealthyDietC.TurnOrdinaryIngredientsintoDeliciousWorksofArtD.SarahBeach’sJourneytoBeaProfessionalFoodArtist【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了SarahBeach如何通過創(chuàng)意食物藝術(shù)讓孩子愛上果蔬。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“It’satruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatkidsarerarelyfondofeatingtheirgreens.Butfruitsandvegetablesarethefoundationofahealthydiet,whichmakesparentseupwithcreativesolutionstogettheirchildrentohappilyeatthem.That’showfoodartistSarahBeachcameupwithanideaturntheseingredientsintocharacters,animals,objects,andeveninspiringmessages.(眾所周知，孩子們通常都不喜歡吃蔬菜。但水果和蔬菜是健康飲食的基礎(chǔ)，這促使家長(zhǎng)們想出了各種創(chuàng)意方法，讓孩子們樂于吃這些蔬果。這就是食物藝術(shù)家SarahBeach想出的一個(gè)主意——把這些食材變成角色、動(dòng)物、物品，甚至是鼓舞人心的信息。)”可知，SarahBeach開始創(chuàng)作食物藝術(shù)是為了讓孩子們快樂地吃水果和蔬菜。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中““MostofmydesignsstartduetoaneventorideaIhave.ThenIlookwhichfruitswouldworktomakethedesignappealingtokids,”shesaid.“Colorsarekey.”(她說(shuō)：“我的大部分設(shè)計(jì)都是源于某個(gè)事件或想法。然后我會(huì)看看哪些水果能讓設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)孩子們更有吸引力。色彩是關(guān)鍵。)”可知，Sarah說(shuō)顏色在她的食物藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)中是必不可少的。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Ihaveadeepseatedinnerpassiontodevelopnovel,useful,andsometimesbeautifulsolutionstokids’healthyeating.Somyfruitartillustratesmybeliefandpassion.(我內(nèi)心有著一種根深蒂固的熱情，想要為孩子們的健康飲食開發(fā)出新穎、實(shí)用，有時(shí)還很美觀的解決方案。因此，我的水果藝術(shù)作品體現(xiàn)了我的信念和熱情。)”可知，Sarah將愛和創(chuàng)造力融入到了她的食物藝術(shù)中。故選B。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段“It’satruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatkidsarerarelyfondofeatingtheirgreens.Butfruitsandvegetablesarethefoundationofahealthydiet,whichmakesparentseupwithcreativesolutionstogettheirchildrentohappilyeatthem.That’showfoodartistSarahBeachcameupwithanideaturntheseingredientsintocharacters,animals,objects,andeveninspiringmessages.(眾所周知，孩子們通常都不喜歡吃蔬菜。但水果和蔬菜是健康飲食的基礎(chǔ)，這促使家長(zhǎng)們想出了各種創(chuàng)意方法，讓孩子們樂于吃這些蔬果。這就是食物藝術(shù)家SarahBeach想出的一個(gè)主意——把這些食材變成角色、動(dòng)物、物品，甚至是鼓舞人心的信息。)”可知，本文主要講述了食物藝術(shù)家SarahBeach為了讓孩子們快樂吃水果和蔬菜，把這些食材變成人物、動(dòng)物、物品，甚至是鼓舞人心的信息，即把普通食材變成美味藝術(shù)品。所以文章最好的標(biāo)題是“TurnOrdinaryIngredientsintoDeliciousWorksofArt(把普通食材變成美味藝術(shù)品)”。故選C。CWhetherwearesittingdownorstandingup,stillormoving,bodypostureinfluencesourmood.Severalstudieshaveshownthislinkbetweenphysicalpostureandmood.Othershaveshownarelationshipbetweenourmoodandourcognitive(認(rèn)知的)performance,includingmemory,reasoning,learning,andthespeedofreactionandprocessingofinformation.Soalogicalquestionarises.Canbodypostureinfluenceourcognitiveperformance?Previously,aNewZealandteam(UniversityofAuckland)carriedoutanexperimentonposturewhenwewalk,especiallyinthestreet.Theteamhadfoundaveryclearinfluenceofourpostureonourmoodandconfidence.Itappearsthatwalkingwithahunchedback,bowedheadandmotionlessarmshaveanegativeinfluenceonourmentalstate.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatthesimpleactofstraighteningup,standingupstraight,withyourheadheldhigh,andgazing(注視)forwardgivesusaseriousboostofconfidence.Notonlydoesourspontaneous(自發(fā)的)posturehaveapsychologicaleffect,butbycorrectingit,itispossibletobringaboutimprovementinthelongterm.Intheotherstudy,thistimecarriedoutbyanAustrianteam(FriedrichAlexanderUniversityinErlangenNuremberg),researchersobservedthesamephenomenon,thistimeinasittingposition.Youngadultswereinvitedtoparticipateintestspresentedasintendedtoassesstheirabilitytoconcentrate.Infact,theresearchershadthemsitindifferentposturesfromuprighttoveryslumpedinordertonotetheirinfluencesonmoodandcognition.Afirstobservationindicatesthat“sittingupright”isassociatedwithabetteroverallmood.Itisalsofoundtohaveapositiveinfluenceonthespeedofprocessinginformationandpletingtasks,althoughthetestpassratedoesnotvarysignificantlywithposture.Finally,andsurprisinglyenough,bloodpressureisalittlemorefavorableinanuprightposition.Tofurtherpletethelistofbenefitsofsittingupright,wewilladdthatitiswidelyremendedforprotectingthebackincaseofworkthatrequiressittingforalongtime.8.Whydoesthewriterintroducethestudiesatthebeginning?A.Toexplainwhatcognitiveperformanceis.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofbodyposture.C.Toprovetheresultsofthosestudiesareinaccurate.D.Toraiseanewquestiontobestudiedandsolved.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hunched”meaninparagraph3?A.Straight. B.Bent. C.Loose. D.Solid.10.WhatdoesthestudyconductedbytheNewZealandteamindicate?A.Postureinfluencesourmentalstate. B.Straighteninguphasanegativeeffect.C.Gazingupwardbuildsupconfidence. D.Walkingpostureishardtoadjust.11.Whatcanwelearnaboutsittingupright?A.Itrequiressittingforalongtime. B.Ithelpsimprovethetestpassrate.C.Ithasmentalandphysicalbenefits. D.Itincreasesthebloodpressure.【答案】8.D9.B10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了研究表明身體姿勢(shì)不僅能夠影響我們的情緒，而且能夠影響我們的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Severalstudieshaveshownthislinkbetweenphysicalpostureandmood.Othershaveshownarelationshipbetweenourmoodandourcognitive(認(rèn)知的)performance,includingmemory,reasoning,learning,andthespeedofreactionandprocessingofinformation.(幾項(xiàng)研究表明，身體姿勢(shì)和情緒之間存在這種聯(lián)系。其他研究表明，我們的情緒和認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)之間存在關(guān)系，包括記憶力、推理能力、學(xué)習(xí)能力、反應(yīng)速度和信息處理速度)”可知，研究證實(shí)了身體姿勢(shì)和情緒之間的聯(lián)系，以及情緒與認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)之間的聯(lián)系。結(jié)合第二段“Soalogicalquestionarises.Canbodypostureinfluenceourcognitiveperformance?(因此，一個(gè)合乎邏輯的問題出現(xiàn)了。身體姿勢(shì)會(huì)影響我們的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)嗎？)”可知，上述的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)讓人思考身體姿勢(shì)與認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)是否有聯(lián)系的問題。因此，作者一開始提到這些研究是為了提出一個(gè)有待研究和解決的新問題。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“bowedheadandmotionlessarmshaveanegativeinfluenceonourmentalstate.(低著頭、手臂不動(dòng)走路會(huì)對(duì)我們的精神狀態(tài)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響)”可知，走路的姿勢(shì)是低頭、手臂不動(dòng)，和這種姿勢(shì)配合的應(yīng)該是“駝背”，hunched意思應(yīng)該與Bent意思一致。故選B?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theteamhadfoundaveryclearinfluenceofourpostureonourmoodandconfidence.(研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們的姿勢(shì)對(duì)我們的情緒和信心有非常明顯的影響)”可知，新西蘭研究小組的研究表明姿勢(shì)會(huì)影響情緒狀態(tài)。故選A。【11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Afirstobservationindicatesthat‘sittingupright’isassociatedwithabetteroverallmood.(第一個(gè)觀察表明，“坐直”與更好的整體情緒有關(guān))”和最后一段“Finally,andsurprisinglyenough,bloodpressureisalittlemorefavorableinanuprightposition.(最后，令人驚訝的是，直立姿勢(shì)時(shí)血壓更有利一些)”可知，坐直有利于整體情緒、血壓和背部保護(hù)，因此具有心理和身體的雙重好處。故選C。DWithmorethanhalfthecountrylocatedbelowsealevel,theNetherlandshasahistoryofflooding.Nowclimatechangehasbroughtmoresevereweather,heavyrainfall,andevendroughttothearea,forcingthecityofAmsterdamtoconsidernewwaystoprotectitself,andthat’swhereResilioesin.TheprojectResiliobuildsinnovativesmartbluegreenroofsthroughoutAmsterdam.Togetherwiththelocalgovernment,fromtheyears2018to2022theyinstalled(安裝)specializedroofsinAmsterdamneighborhoodsthatareinthemostdangerofflooddamage.Theroofsaresimilartotheconceptofgreenroofsbutalotsmarter.That’sbecausetheroofsaremadeofmanylayers.Themostimportantlayeristhewaterremaininglayer.Thislayerservesadoublepurpose.Intimesofheavyrainfall,itcollectsrainwaterthatwouldotherwisefloodthestreets,whileintimesofdroughtthewaterfeedsthegardenonthetoplayer.Itisthislayerthatdifferentiatesbluegreenroofsfromregulargreenroofs.AstudyintheJournalofEnvironmentalManagementshowsthatbluegreenroofscancollectupto97percentofextremerain,asopposedtotheabout12percentthatregulargreenroofscancollect.WhatmakesResilioroofssounique,however,aretheirsmartsystems.Multiplebluegreenroofsareconnectedthroughadigitalnetwork,meaningtheroofscaneachbecontrolledindividually,respondingtotheamountofwatercollectedonthatparticularroofasneeded.Eachroofalsohasasmartvalve(閥門)thatisconnectedtoaputersystemcalledtheDecisionSupportSystem(DSS).TheDSSnetworkswithlocalweatherforecaststodecidewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldopen,spillingwatersafely.andslowlyintothesewer(下水道)system,orwhetheritshouldremainclosedandcollecttheingrain.ThesearetheinnovationsthatmakeResiliotrulyrevolutionary.Bluegreenroofsshowthatthesolutionstothedangersthatclimatechangebringsneedtobecreativeandmustworkonmanylevels.12.WhatisthepurposeoftheResilioprojectinAmsterdam?A.Tostudytheeffectofthebluegreenroofs. B.Tocreategardensonthetopofthebuildings.C.Toinstallspecializedroofsinneighborhoods. D.Topromotecreativesolutionstoclimatechange.13.Whatdoestheauthormainlyshowinparagraph3?A.Thewidespreaduseofthebluegreenroofs. B.Theintelligenceofthebluegreenroofs.C.Thesignificanceofwaterremaininglayer. D.Thenewapproachtocollectingrainwater.14.Howdoestheauthorshowtheeffectivenessofbluegreenroofsinparagraph4?A.Bypresentingreasons. B.Byanalyzingtypicalcases.C.Byquotingresearchfindings. D.Byparingopinions.15.Whatmakescontrollingthewaterleveloneachroofsystempossible?A.Thegovernment’ssupport. B.ThesmartnetworksinResilio.C.Theconvenientsewersystem. D.Thepreciseweatherforecast.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹氣候變化給阿姆斯特丹市帶來(lái)了更惡劣的天氣、強(qiáng)降雨，甚至干旱，迫使其應(yīng)用Resilio項(xiàng)目，在整個(gè)阿姆斯特丹建造創(chuàng)新的智能藍(lán)綠色屋頂。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Withmorethanhalfthecountrylocatedbelowsealevel,theNetherlandshasahistoryofflooding.Nowclimatechangehasbroughtmoresevereweather,heavyrainfall,andevendroughttothearea,forcingthecityofAmsterdamtoconsidernewwaystoprotectitself,andthat’swhereResilioesin.(荷蘭有一半以上的國(guó)土位于海平面以下，有洪水泛濫的歷史?，F(xiàn)在，氣候變化給該地區(qū)帶來(lái)了更惡劣的天氣，暴雨，甚至干旱，迫使阿姆斯特丹市考慮新的保護(hù)自己的方法，這就是Resilio的作用所在)”和第二段“TheprojectResiliobuildsinnovativesmartbluegreenroofsthroughoutAmsterdam.(Resilio項(xiàng)目在阿姆斯特丹各地建造了創(chuàng)新的智能藍(lán)綠色屋頂)”由此推斷，阿姆斯特丹Resilio項(xiàng)目就是促進(jìn)解決氣候變化的創(chuàng)造性方案。故選D?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theroofsaresimilartotheconceptofgreenroofsbutalotsmarter.That’sbecausetheroofsaremadeofmanylayers.Themostimportantlayeristhewaterremaininglayer.Thislayerservesadoublepurpose.Intimesofheavyrainfall,itcollectsrainwaterthatwouldotherwisefloodthestreets,whileintimesofdroughtthewaterfeedsthegardenonthetoplayer.(屋頂類似于綠色屋頂?shù)母拍?，但更智能。那是因?yàn)槲蓓斢泻芏鄬?。最重要的一層是水殘留層。這一層有雙重作用。在大雨的時(shí)候，它收集雨水，否則會(huì)淹沒街道，而在干旱的時(shí)候，水澆灌在頂層的花園)”可知，該段主要講述藍(lán)綠色屋頂?shù)闹悄苄?。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Itisthislayerthatdifferentiatesbluegreenroofsfromregulargreenroofs.AstudyintheJournalofEnvironmentalManagementshowsthatbluegreenroofscancollectupto97percentofextremerain,asopposedtotheabout12percentthatregulargreenroofscancollect.(正是這一層將藍(lán)綠色屋頂與普通綠色屋頂區(qū)分開來(lái)。發(fā)表在《環(huán)境管理雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，藍(lán)綠色屋頂可以收集多達(dá)97%的極端雨水，而普通綠色屋頂只能收集12%的極端雨水)”可知，作者通過引用研究發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)展示藍(lán)綠色屋頂?shù)挠行?。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“WhatmakesResilioroofssounique,however,aretheirsmartsystems.Multiplebluegreenroofsareconnectedthroughadigitalnetwork,meaningtheroofscaneachbecontrolledindividually,respondingtotheamountofwatercollectedonthatparticularroofasneeded.(然而，使Resilio如此獨(dú)特的是它們的智能系統(tǒng)。多個(gè)藍(lán)綠屋頂通過數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接起來(lái)，這意味著每個(gè)屋頂都可以單獨(dú)控制，根據(jù)需要在特定屋頂上收集的水量做出反應(yīng))”可知，Resilio系統(tǒng)中的智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)使得控制每個(gè)屋頂系統(tǒng)的水位成為可能。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhatisitthatallowsSteveJobsandElonMusktoinnovatesoconsistently?____16____It’sabouttryingtostepoutsideofthementalrestrictionsweimpose(強(qiáng)加于)uponourselvestoattempttolookataprobleminanewlight.Beingcreativeallowsyourselftodothings,experiencethingsorconsiderthingsinunfamiliarways.____17____Becurious.Creativityatworkisnotlimitedonlytowhatgoesonintheworkplace.Ifyouwanttobeacreativeandinnovativeindividual,youneedtobroadenyourhorizons.___18___Thiscanhelpyoulearnaboutasmanyfieldsofknowledgeasyoucan.Ifyouhaveatoonarrowoutlook,youwon’tbeabletobreakoutofyourlimitedworldviewandmaketheconnectionsyouneedtohaveoriginalthoughts.___19___Ifcreativityisallabouthavingdifferentperspectivesandviewpoints,thenitmustmakesensetohirepeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsandwithdifferentexperiences.Ifyou’retheboss,don’tsimplyhirepeopleinyourownimage.Ifyoupopulateyourofficewithyourclonesandyourpanywithlikemindedpeople,creativitywillsuffer.Amuchbetterhiringpolicyistotrytocreateateamasdiverseaspossible.Whenitestodiscussionsandingupwithnewideas,youwillgaintherewards.Surroundyourselfwithinspiration.Alwaysbeonthelookoutfornewandexcitingmaterialanddecorateyourworkspacewithwhateveryoufind.___20___It’suptoyou.Makesureyoukeepreplacingeverythingtoo—itwillkeepyourspacefresh,andthis,inturn,willkeepyourmindfresh.Aboveall,don’tletyourenvironmentbeedullandboring.A.Buildadiverseteam.B.Organizebrainstormingsessionsinyourteam.C.Trytostepoutsideoftheworldyouarefamiliarwith.D.Hereareafewthingstohelpyoubemorecreativeatwork.E.Creativityisabouttryingtoseethingsfromadifferentangle.F.It’samazingthatasimplechangeofscenerycanhelpyourcreativityflowagain.G.Itcouldbenewspaperheadlines,inspiringsentences,objects,photosoranythingelse.【答案】16.E17.D18.C19.A20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章就如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力給出三條建議。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下文“It’sabouttryingtostepoutsideofthementalrestrictionsweimpose(強(qiáng)加于)uponourselvestoattempttolookataprobleminanewlight.Beingcreativeallowsyourselftodothings,experiencethingsorconsiderthingsinunfamiliarways.(它是關(guān)于試圖走出我們強(qiáng)加給自己的精神限制，試圖從新的角度看待問題。有創(chuàng)造力可以讓你用不熟悉的方式去做事情、體驗(yàn)事情或思考事情。)”可知，這都是對(duì)creativity的解釋，所以it指代前面的creativity，空格處應(yīng)該是提出creativity這一概念，所以E選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造力就是嘗試從不同的角度看問題。”符合題意，故選E。【17題詳解】結(jié)合上文并根據(jù)下文的小標(biāo)題可知，文章就如何培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力給出了三條具體建議，所以D選項(xiàng)“這里有一些方法可以幫助你在工作中更有創(chuàng)造力。”能夠承接上文并引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Creativityatworkisnotlimitedonlytowhatgoesonintheworkplace.Ifyouwanttobeacreativeandinnovativeindividual,youneedtobroadenyourhorizons.(工作中的創(chuàng)造力并不僅僅局限于工作場(chǎng)所。如果你想成為一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)新精神的人，你需要拓寬你的視野。)”可知，下文應(yīng)是拓寬視野的做法，C選項(xiàng)“試著走出你所熟悉的世界?！狈项}意，并且呼應(yīng)上文的不僅僅局限于工作場(chǎng)所，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段的最后兩句“Amuchbetterhiringpolicyistotrytocreateateamasdiverseaspossible.Whenitestodiscussionsandingupwithnewideas,youwillgaintherewards.(更好的招聘策略是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)盡可能多樣化的團(tuán)隊(duì)。當(dāng)涉及到討論和提出新想法時(shí)，你將獲得回報(bào)。)”可知本段主要講的是要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)多樣化的團(tuán)隊(duì)，所以A選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)多樣化的團(tuán)隊(duì)?！狈媳径沃髦迹m合做小標(biāo)題，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Alwaysbeonthelookoutfornewandexcitingmaterialanddecorateyourworkspacewithwhateveryoufind.(總是在尋找新的和令人興奮的材料，用你找到的任何東西裝飾你的工作空間。)”可知，下文應(yīng)是關(guān)于一些能找到的裝飾物，G選項(xiàng)“它可以是報(bào)紙標(biāo)題、勵(lì)志句子、物品、照片或其他任何東西。”正是具體的裝飾物，符合題意，故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Asaparent,therearecertainsituationsyoucan’thelpbutfear.OneofthosehappenedtoStephanieGeorgerecently.OnSaturday,sheandher7yearoldsonSebastianwerespendinga____21____eveningtogether.BecauseSebastianhasararegeneticdisability,he____22____throughafeedingtube(管子).Usually,heexperiencesno____23____.Butonthatnight,somethingwentwrong.Itturnsoutthatthepotatoandchickenwasn’tgot____24____wellenoughforthe7yearold.Asaresult,thefoodgotstuckinhisthroat.Hebeganto____25____.Stephaniedidherbesttostay____26____,butitdidn’ttakelongforthissituationtobeeterrible.Asaresult,thismomhurriedto____27____herphone,butasshewastypingthenumber911andlookingto____28____Sebastian,hewasalreadyblue.That’swhenshestartedto____29____.Afraidthathelpwouldn’tarriveintime,Stephanie____30____toaneighbornamedGaryHutchinson.WithSebastianinher____31____,shespoketoGarythroughhisdoorbellcamerawhilehemadehiswaytothem.Despitethe____32____situation,bothadultswereabletoremaincalmandactquickly.____33____,GaryhashadCPRtraining,soherecoveredhisinstincts(本能)onceSebastianwasinhis____34____.So,terrifyingasthissituationwasforallthreeofthem,intheend,this7yearoldwas____35____justintime.He’sdoingjustfinenow!Stephaniecouldn’tbemoregrateful.21.A.exceptional B.normal C.painful D.desperate22.A.breathes B.shifts C.digests D.eats23.A.operation B.issues C.delays D.blame24.A.melt B.packed C.cleaned D.mixed25.A.scream B.bleed C.choke D.chew26.A.calm B.strict C.optimistic D.outstanding27.A.drop B.arrange C.grab D.select28.A.assess B.encourage C.treat D.justify29.A.plain B.panic C.reform D.collapse30.A.rangup B.droveaway C.rushedover D.cameback31.A.arms B.knees C.wheelchair D.hands32.A.amazing B.confusing C.frightening D.embarrassing33.A.Ultimately B.Initially C.Obviously D.Thankfully34.A.motivation B.care C.assumption D.experiment35.A.saved B.connected C.praised D.convinced【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.D25.C26.A27.C28.A29.B30.C31.A32.C33.D34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了斯蒂芬妮·喬治和患有遺傳缺陷的兒子吃飯時(shí)，兒子因?yàn)槭澄锉豢ㄔ诹撕韲担瑢?dǎo)致窒息。斯蒂芬妮情急之下向鄰居加里·哈欽森求助，讓兒子最終得救。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：周六，她和她7歲的兒子塞巴斯蒂安正在一起度過一個(gè)正常的夜晚。A.exceptional卓越的；B.normal正常的；C.painful痛苦的；D.desperate絕望的。根據(jù)上文“OnSaturday,sheandher7yearoldsonSebastianwerespendinga”指母子倆在周六正度過一個(gè)正常的夜晚，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槿退沟侔灿幸环N罕見的遺傳缺陷，他通過喂食管進(jìn)食。A.breathes呼吸；B.shifts移動(dòng)；C.digests消化；D.eats吃。根據(jù)上文“Sebastianhasararegeneticdisability”指因?yàn)閮鹤佑幸环N罕見的遺傳缺陷，所以他通過喂食管進(jìn)食。故選D。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通常，他不會(huì)遇到任何問題。A.operation手術(shù)；B.issues問題；C.delays推遲；D.blame責(zé)備。根據(jù)后文“Butonthatnight,somethingwentwrong.(但那天晚上，出了問題)”可知，后文發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明通常情況下不會(huì)遇到任何問題。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞