2017-2018學年人教課標高一英語必修4輔導Unit5ThemeparksGRAMMAR

構(gòu)詞法【歸納】英語構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：合成、轉(zhuǎn)化和派生。一、合成合成就是用兩個或兩個以上的詞干結(jié)合組成新詞的方法。有的用連字符“”連接，有的直接連寫在一起，還有的由兩個分開的詞構(gòu)成。如：1.合成名詞名詞+名詞：postman,girlfriend,seaside形容詞+名詞：blackboard,greenhouse名詞+動詞：daybreak,sunrise動詞ing形式+名詞：readingroom,washingmachine名詞+動詞ing形式：handwriting,papermaking其它形式：gobetween,passerby2.合成形容詞名詞+過去分詞：homemade,handmade名詞+形容詞：snowwhite,worldfamous形容詞/數(shù)詞+名詞：fulltime,secondhand形容詞+動詞ing形式：goodlooking形容詞+過去分詞：shortsighted,newborn副詞+過去分詞：socalled,newlypublished其它形式：facetoface,evergreen二、轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化是指一個單詞的詞形不經(jīng)過任何變化而由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性。1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞有些詞在轉(zhuǎn)化過程中詞義變化不大，如：walk(v.行走，散步→n.行走，散步)，swim(v.游泳→n.游泳)。有些動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞時意義有一定的變化，如：feed(v.喂養(yǎng)→n.飼料)。2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞。如：snow(n.雪,下雪→v.下雪)，ship(n.船→v.用船運送)。3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞、名詞或副詞。如：quiet(adj.安靜的→v.使安靜)，calm(adj.鎮(zhèn)靜的→n.鎮(zhèn)靜)，cheap(adj.便宜的→adv.便宜地)。三、派生

派生是指通過給一個單詞加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞。1.常見前綴：1）dis,in,il,im,ir,un,non(表否定):disobey,inplete,illegal,impossible,irregular,unwise,nonsmoker2）mis(表貶義):misunderstand,mislead3）over,super,under(表程度):overweight,supermarket,undercharge4）fore,trans,inter(表位置):forehead,transplant,international5）re,post,pre(表次序、時間):rebuild,postwar,preschool6）bi,tri,multi,semi(表數(shù)量):bicycle,tricycle,multiracial,semicircle7）a,en(轉(zhuǎn)化詞類):asleep,endanger2.常見后綴：1）名詞后輟ery,ry(表性質(zhì)、場所):bravery,nurseryhood(表身份、性質(zhì)):boyhood,falsehood(謊言)ism(表主義、行為):socialism(社會主義),criticism(批評),tourismship(表狀態(tài)、身分):friendship,membershipess(表女性):waitress,actresser,or(表施事者):employer,sailoree(表受事者):employee,intervieweeist(表主義者、從事某種職業(yè)):socialist,violinistal(表行為、結(jié)果):refusal,arrivalation(表過程、狀態(tài)):exploration,starvationment(表結(jié)果):amazementity,ness(形容詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞):majority,happiness2）形容詞后綴ed(表具有):wooded,beardedful(表充滿):pitiful,carefulish(表類似):childish,youngishless(表沒有):careless,powerlesslike(表“像”):childlike,ladylikely(表特色、“每”):motherly,dailyy(表具有……特征):sandy,cloudyable,ive(動詞轉(zhuǎn)形容詞):changeable,attractiveal,ial,ical(表具有……特點，與……有關):accidental,professorial,psychological3）副詞后綴ly:calmly,frequently4）動詞后綴en,ify,ize:widen,simplify,symbolize【即學即練】I.

從左右兩邊的方框中各選擇一個單詞合成一個新單詞（每個單詞限用一次）。brand,book,easy,human,left,old,part,weekbeing,end,fashioned,going,handed,mark,new,time1.________+________

→

________

2.________+________

→

________3.________+________

→

________

4.________+________

→

________5.________+________

→

________

6.________+________

→

________7.________+________

→

________

8.________+________

→

________II.

用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式完成下面短文。JohnLennonwasafamous1.________(music).Herosetoworldwide2.________(important)asacofounderofthebandTheBeatlesintheearly1960s.WithcowriterPaulMcCartney,heformedthecelebratedsongwritingpartnershipknownasLennonandMcCartney.McCartney’s3.________(suggest)ofGeorgeHarrisonledtothethirdmemberoftheband.In1962,theformationofthegroupwaspletedwithRingoStarr.BrianEpstein,themanagerofTheBeatles,4.________(strong)influencedhowthebanddressedandlooked.Atfirst,Lennonrefusedtowearthesuitandhaircut,butlaterconceded(屈服)whenherealizedthepaywasgood.Alookthatwasmore5.________(profession)wouldmakethemstandoutandappear6.________(differ)fromotherbands.Healsorealizedthatmoreattentionfromthemediawouldgetthemmorechancestogive7.________(perform)onstage.Itcertainlydid.Theteamworkedtogether8.________(successful)forsevenyearsbeforebreakingupin1969.答案I.

1.brand+new

→

brandnew

2.book+mark

→

bookmark3.easy+going

→

easygoing

4.human+being

→

humanbeing5.left+handed

→

lefthanded

6.old+fashioned

→

oldfashioned7.part+time

→

parttime