第一部分 選擇性必修第四冊 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION

選擇性必修第四冊UNIT1SCIENCEFICTION基礎(chǔ)幫默寫自測教材幫核心突破高考幫題型對接練習(xí)幫課時提能02點擊此處添加小標(biāo)題點擊此處添加正文01點擊此處添加小標(biāo)題點擊此處添加正文目錄CContents

基礎(chǔ)默寫Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫其形1.

n.小說；虛構(gòu)的事2.

n.誠實正直；完整；完好3.

n.莊重；莊嚴；尊嚴4.

n.薪水；薪金fiction

integrity

dignity

salary

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ5.

adj.每周的n.周刊6.

n.勞動(者)vi.奮斗；努力工作7.

adv.向后；倒著；往回8.

n.燈；臺燈9.

n.速度；步伐；節(jié)奏

vt.&vi.調(diào)整節(jié)奏10.

adj.隨機的；不可思議的weekly

labour

backwards

lamp

pace

random

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅡ.拓展單詞——通其變1.

vt.任命；委任；安排→

n.預(yù)約；約會；委任→

adj.指定的2.

n.內(nèi)疚；悔恨；犯罪→

adj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過失的3.

vt.懸；掛；暫停；暫緩→

n.懸??；暫緩；暫令停職appoint

appointment

appointed

guilt

guilty

suspend

suspension

4.

vt.讓(某人)離開；解散；

解雇→

n.解雇；免職5.

vt.表明；宣稱；公布→

n.(納稅品等的)申報(單)；宣布；公告；聲明(書)dismiss

dismissal

declare

declaration

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

vt.計算；核算；預(yù)測→

n.計算→

?

n.計算器7.

vt.(使)分開；使意見不一→

n.分開；分隔；除(法)calculate

calculation

calculator

divide

division

8.

n.強烈的欲望；沖動vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦→

n.緊急；緊

急的事→

adj.緊急的；迫切的→

adv.迫切地；緊急地9.

vi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→

n.爆炸；突然爆發(fā)；激增urge

urgency

urgent

urgently

explode

explosion

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅢ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.bonus

n.

?2.ridiculous

adj.

?3.absurd

adj.

?4.nail

n.

vt.

?5.saleswoman

n.

?意外收獲；獎金；紅利愚蠢的；荒謬的；

荒唐的荒謬的；荒唐的指甲；趾甲；釘子(用釘子)釘牢；固定女售貨員；女推銷員6.ladder

n.

?7.rumour

n.

?8.fare

n.

??梯子；階梯謠言；傳聞車費；船費；飛機票價ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ?9.flour

n.

?10.venue

n.

?11.superior

adj.

?面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉活動場地(如音樂廳、會場等)

更好的；占優(yōu)勢的；(在級別或重要性上)更高的12.leather

n.

?13.panel

n.

?14.inch

n.

?15.niece

n.

??皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套控制板；

儀表盤；專家咨詢組英寸侄女；外甥女ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ?16.fetch

vt.

?17.handkerchief

n.

?(去)拿來；(去)取來手帕；紙巾18.maximum

adj.

n.

?19.stun

vt.

?20.mud

n.

?最大極限的最大量；最大限度使震驚；使昏迷泥；

泥漿ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅣ.核心短語——明搭配1.

檢驗；測試2.

更像是；更接近3.

根據(jù)；以……的方式(基準)4.

事物的利與弊；支持與反對5.

比……更好；更勝一籌testout

morelike

ona...basis

prosandcons

superiorto

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ6.

占上風(fēng)；取而代之；接管7.

與……沖突或抵觸8.

關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場；結(jié)果是9.

(逐漸)減少；消失10.

有強烈的欲望做某事takeover

conflictwith

turnout

fallaway

haveanurgetodosth.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅤ.經(jīng)典句式——會運用1.Hesuggestedthat

?thenightbeforehe

wastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn.[suggestthat...(should＋)dosth.]他建議在他要離開，也就是拉里要回來的前一天晚上，她邀請格拉迪絲(Gladys)和

她的朋友們到家里來。

2.Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefelt

.(morethan...)她聽到他說，第二天他不想離開她，他感覺他不僅僅是想取悅她。sheinviteGladysandherfriendstothehouse

morethanjustthedesiretopleaseher

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ3.Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwe

?betweenreality

andsciencefictioninthefuture.(find＋it＋賓補＋不定式)如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)將來很難區(qū)分現(xiàn)實和科幻小說，那也不足為奇。4.Heseemed

.(more...than...)他看起來更像一個人，而不是一臺機器。founditdifficulttodistinguish

morelikeahumanthanamachine

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ語境自測Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(用本單元詞匯)1.Honestyand

(正直)arethequalitiesthataleadershouldbemadeof.2.Inthepractice，wecanexperiencethevalueof

(勞動)andexposeourselvestoawiderangeofpracticalskills.3.Ifyouwerewrong，admitit.Youwon’tlose

(尊嚴)，butwillgainrespect.integrity

labour

dignity

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste，forinstance，notpurchasingmorefood

thannecessaryinyour

(每周的)shopping.weekly

5.We’dbetterliveourlifeatourown

insteadofcomparingourselveswithothers.6.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology，thingswhichonlyexistinscience

?

havebeenbroughtintoourdailylives.pace

fiction

7.Hewouldnotacceptthisjobforsuchasmall

?sincehehasalargefamilyto

support.8.Isatdownonthefloor，pulledafewbooksofftheshelfat

?andbegantoread.salary

random

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Theworkwasso

thatourboss

?ustofinishitatallcosts.Andwe

soonrealizedthe

ofthematter.(urge)2.Ifeel

?aboutthesillymistakeImadeyesterdayandnowordscanexpress

my

.(guilt)3.MyfriendJennywas

?asthechairwomanofthecommittee.Wemadean

tocelebrateattherestaurant，butIcouldn’tarriveatthe

timebecauseofsomethingunexpected.(appoint)urgent

urged

urgency

guilty

guilt

appointed

appointment

appointed

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.She

?thatshewouldgotoworkabroadonherownbutmanyofherfriends

wereveryworriedaboutheronhearingher

.(declare)5.Hewas

?withoutanyreasonlastweekandhewantedtofindthetruth

behindhis

.(dismiss)declared

declaration

dismissed

dismissal

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.用方框內(nèi)短語的適當(dāng)形式完成句子testout

turnout

superiorto

conflictwithtakeover

haveanurgeto

fallaway1.Theyoungmanlookssadandwe

giveadviceimmediatelytomake

himfeelbetter.2.Afterhelostallhiswealth，manyofhisoldfriends

?fromhim.3.Theiropinionontheaccident

ours，somoreevidenceisneeded.haveanurgeto

fellaway

conflictswith

4.Neverworryandkeepcalm—everythingwill

?allrightintheend.5.Hisworkisto

?newdesignsofcarsbeforetheyareputonthemarket.6.I’vepersonallyneversubscribedtotheviewthateithersexis

?theother.7.ShedecidedthatIwastheidealpersonto

?thejob.turnout

testout

superiorto

takeover

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅣ.句式仿寫1.我建議你應(yīng)該去辦公室向你的老師請教學(xué)習(xí)英語的方法。[suggestthat...(should＋)dosth.]I

?toconsultyourteacheraboutthemethods

oflearningEnglish.2.她不僅是我們的老師，也是我們的朋友。(morethan...)

；sheisalsoourfriend.suggestthatyou(should)gototheoffice

Sheismorethanourteacher

3.她沒有來，他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難掩飾自己的沮喪。(find＋it＋賓補＋不定式)He

whenshedidn’tcome.4.我天性謹慎，所以我傾向于做一個追隨者而不是一個領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。(more...than...)

I’mcautiousbynature，soItendtobe

?.founditdifficulttohidehisdisappointment

moreafollowerthanaleader

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

1.Moreandmorepeoplelikescience

fiction.Satisfaction

Guaranteedisashortsci-finovelaboutarobotcalledTony，whichwasgoingtobetested

outbyClaire.ClairethoughtTonylookedmore

likeahumanthanamachine，andTonytreatedClairewithdignityandintegrity.HehelpedClairewithherappointmentandthepreparationforaparty.Wheneverythinggotready，ClairedismissedTony.However，hedeclaredthathehadfalleninlovewithherandthendisappearedfromsight.Clairefeltmorethanguilty.However，everythingwasover.2.Presumingthatyouhaveachancetogetatimemachine，youmayhaveanurgetotake

overtheworld.Buthaveyouevertakenallthepros

and

consintoconsideration？

Youcantraveltoaspecialperiodatmaximumspeedtoenjoystunning

experiences.However，itturns

outthatthereisadivisionbetweenthepastandthepresent.Youcan’tcalculatewhatwillhappennextanddecidewhetheradreamissuperiortoreality.Butaslongasthetimemachinedoesn’texplode，youwillhaverandompotential.

1guilty

adj.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的；有過失的1.[北師選必①-2]Somanypeoplecouldnevergotoschool.Theydidn’thavethechance

tolearnandgetoninlife.ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguilty

(be)arich

manwithoutdoinganything.2.向父母說謊之后，我有一種強烈的負罪感。Afterlyingtomyparents，I

?.being

hadastrongsenseofguilt

3.不小心讓別人知曉了你的秘密，我感到很內(nèi)疚。

?Ifeltguiltyaboutlettingotherpeopleknowyoursecretbyaccident.

★feelguilty(about)doingsth.因做某事而感到內(nèi)疚beguiltyof有罪責(zé)的；有過失的★guiltn.內(nèi)疚；悔恨；有罪asenseofguilt罪惡感2dismiss

vt.讓(某人)離開；解散；解雇；消除；不予考慮1.結(jié)合語境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①[外研選必④-5]Although

his

theory

has

been

dismissed

by

scholars，

it

shows

how

powerful

the

secrets

of

AncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.

?②[人教選必④-1]Thenightofthepartyarrived.Theclockstruckeight.The

guestswouldbearrivingsoon，

soClairedismissed

Tonyfortherestofthenight.

?不予考慮讓(某人)離開教師尊享?點撥句中的strike是高考?？荚~匯，特別注意一詞多義。strikev.(struck；struck)打；

撞擊；罷工；襲擊；報時；劃(火柴)；使忽然想起

n.罷工。③Marywasattheriskofbeingdismissedsinceshealwayschattedwithothersduringthe

workingtime.

?④Dismissingherfears，sheclimbedhigher.

?解雇消除2.Hefailedtopassthedrugtest，andthebosshadtodismisshim

?hisjob.3.逃跑的念頭在心頭一閃，但我立刻打消了，認為這樣做不現(xiàn)實。 (讀后續(xù)寫之心

理描寫)Thethoughtofescapecrossedmymind，butimmediately

?

?.★dismiss...from...去除，消除；把……免職dismiss...as...對……不予考慮★dismissaln.免職，解雇；不予考慮from

Idismisseditasunrealistic

3declare

vt.表明；宣稱；公布1.Whentheyaskedhimabouthisopinion，hedeclaredstrongly

?thepolicy

becauseitoffendedhisinterest.2.[譯林選必③-3]JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarbor，

sotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwar

?theUnitedStates.against

on

3.當(dāng)老師宣布我是這次英語演講比賽的獲勝者時，我又驚又喜。(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)

?

?

WhentheteacherdeclaredmetobethewinneroftheEnglishSpeechContest，Iwas

surprisedandpleased.

★declarefor/against聲明支持/反對……declarewaron...向……宣戰(zhàn)declare...tobe/as...宣布……為……★declarationn.斷言，宣稱；宣告，聲明4urge

n.強烈的欲望；沖動

vt.催促；力勸；大力推薦1.[譯林選必②-4]Aswebecomemoreandmoredependentoncomputers，somescientistsareurgingus

(think)aboutthedangersposedbytheadvancesinAI.2.[人教選必④-1]Ihadastrongurge

(look)attherandomthingsthatwerebeingflashedbeforemyeyes！tothink

tolook

3.Scientistsandpoliticianshavedeeplyrecognizedthe

(urge)needtoaddress

climatechangeandtakeeffectiveactiontoprotecttheplanetforgenerationstocome.urgent

教師尊享?點撥

urge后跟從句時，從句謂語常用虛擬語氣，即＂(should＋)do＂形式。類似用法的動詞還有：insist(堅決要求)，order，command，advise，suggest(建議)，recommend，request，require，demand等。4.父母應(yīng)該敦促孩子們積極鍛煉?！貾arentsaresupposedto

.(賓語從句)→②Parentsaresupposedto

.(不定式)urgethattheirchildren(should)workoutactively

urgetheirchildrentotakeexerciseactively

★urgesb.todosth.＝urgethatsb.(should)dosth.敦促某人做某事have/feelanurgetodosth.渴望做某事★urgentadj.緊急的，迫切的urgencyn.緊急，迫切5take

over占上風(fēng)；取而代之；接管；接手1.結(jié)合語境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①[人教選必④-1]Insci-fistories，robotsoftenbecomesuperiorandtakeover.

?

?②[人教必修②-4]AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory.

?占上

風(fēng)，取而代之接管，接手2.科技是用來幫助我們的，因此我們不應(yīng)該讓它控制我們的生活。(發(fā)言稿)Technologyistheretohelpus，soweshouldn’tallowit

?.totakeoverourlife

6turn

out關(guān)掉；熄滅；在場；使朝外；結(jié)果是1.結(jié)合語境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①[人教必修②-5]Asitturnedout，therewasnoneedtobenervousbecauseallmyhard

workpaidoffandIplayedperfectly.

?②[外研必修③-2]InUganda，Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwithhisowneyes.Butthatwasnotall.Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim.

?③Remembertoturnoutthelightswhenyougotobed.

?證明是，結(jié)果是在場關(guān)掉，熄滅教師尊享?點撥

①asit/thingsturnedout是固定表達，意為＂正如后來表明的；果然如此；果不

其然＂。②welln.水井③remembertodosth.記得做某事；rememberdoingsth.記得做

過某事2.我們學(xué)校的足球比賽結(jié)果比我想象的更精彩。(活動介紹)→①

(不

定式)→②

?

(it作形式主語)Ourschool’sfootballmatchturnedouttobemoreexcitingthanIimagined.

Itturnedoutthatourschool’sfootballmatchwasmoreexcitingthanIimagined.

7more

than

非常；不只是；超過1.結(jié)合語境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①[人教必修②-4]Andifyouintroduceyourselftoafriendlyface，youaremorethan

likelytoexperiencelocalcultureandcustomsfirst-hand.

?②Eachyear，

morethan1，000additionsaremadetoEnglishdictionaries.Recentadditionsinclude＂selfie＂and＂netizen＂.

?③[外研選必③-2]Hishardworkmadehimmorethanafashionphotographer—hewas

a＂culturalanthropologist＂，whowecanthankforrecordingthelifeofawholecityanditspeopleoverhalfacentury.

?非常超過不只是2.Withoutadvertising，itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthofa

product.→Withoutadvertising，itwillbe

?difficultforcustomerstojudgethe

worthofaproduct.(詞匯升級)教師尊享?點撥除more

than外，表示＂非常＂的詞語還有：highly，extremely，awfully，quite等。morethan

3.男孩聽到爆炸聲后，非常害怕，迅速跑開了。Hearingtheexplosion，theboy

?.wasmorethanfrightenedandranawayquickly

★morethan＋形容詞

非常……morethan＋數(shù)詞/從句

超過……morethan＋名詞

不只是，不僅是★nomorethan只不過，僅僅notmorethan不超過，至多

★more...than...與其說……不如說……

形容詞后綴-y-y＂充滿……的，有……特性的＂本單元guilt內(nèi)疚，有罪→guilty內(nèi)疚的，有罪的haze霧靄→hazy朦朧的，模糊的拓展dust灰塵→dusty布滿灰塵的mud泥→muddy泥濘的rain雨→rainy多雨的smoke煙→smoky煙霧彌漫的-y＂充滿……的，有……特性的＂拓展juice汁→juicy多汁的anger憤怒→angry憤怒的，生氣的spice香料→spicy(食物)加有香料的cream奶油→creamy似奶油的salt鹽→salty含鹽的，咸的

1.Asweallknow，anastronautneedstobe

(health)andcalminordertoworkinspace.2.Theweatherwassurprisinglywarmand

(sun).3.Iamusedtodozingforawhileafterlunch，otherwiseIoftenfeel

(sleep)

andlackpassionalltheafternoon.4.Iwasso

(hunger)thatIcouldn’thelptakingabitofthebreadDadhadpreparedforme.5.Twocarsskiddedonthe

(ice)pavementandcrashedontothetreesalongtheside.healthy

sunny

sleepy

hungry

icy

Ⅰ.語法填空——詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、固定搭配1.[2023全國乙]Asitturned

，DouglasdidexactlywhatsheneededtodotobecomeOlympicchampionwhenshedefeatedtwoRussians.out

ⅠⅡⅢ2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste，whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyour

(week)shoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.教師尊享?點撥此處用形容詞weekly表示＂每周的＂。此外，由＂名詞＋-ly＂構(gòu)成的表示

＂每……的＂的形容詞還有：hourly每小時(一次)的，daily每日的，monthly每月(一次)的，yearly每年(一次)的。weekly

3.[2022新高考Ⅱ]Participantswere

(random)dividedintotwogroups.4.[2021新高考Ⅱ]AnewexhibitioninHalifaxuseseverydayactivitiestoexplainthehiddenmathprincipleswealluseonaregular

(base).教師尊享?點撥

onaregularbasis表示＂定期地＂，其中regular還可以換成permanent，temporary，daily等形容詞，分別表示＂永久地，臨時性地，每天地＂。randomly

basis

ⅠⅡⅢ5.[2020新高考Ⅱ]Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor’s

office，writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyour

(appoint).6.[全國Ⅱ]Dismissingsmalltalk

unimportantiseasy，butwecan’tforgetthat

deeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.教師尊享?點撥句意：把閑聊當(dāng)作一件不重要的事是很容易的，但我們不能忘記，如果沒有閑

聊，(人與人之間的)密切關(guān)系甚至不會存在。

appointment

as

7.[全國Ⅰ]Ineverfeltanurge

(learn)anysignlanguagebefore.8.[安徽高考]Incolonies(群體)thatrangeinsizefromafewhundredtotensofmillions，

theyorganizetheirliveswithaclear

(divide)oflabor.tolearn

division

ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.閱讀理解——

一詞多義、熟詞生義1.[2022浙江1月]Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanew

bonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.

?教師尊享?點撥

2021新高考Ⅰ閱讀理解A篇中，bonus也表示＂意外收獲＂：It’saffordable，and

it’sgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus，it’sclosetothe

maintrainstation.(addedbonus表示＂額外的好處＂)n.意外收獲ⅠⅡⅢ2.[北京高考]Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand，asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.

?教師尊享?點撥

bedismissedoutofhand可用作固定表達，意為＂直接被摒棄＂，如：Thesuggestionshouldn’tbedismissedoutofhand(＝withoutthinkingaboutit).這個建議不應(yīng)當(dāng)直接被摒棄。v.不予考慮；摒棄ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.寫作——基礎(chǔ)寫作、讀后續(xù)寫寫作一

基礎(chǔ)寫作——新型城市你校英語俱樂部將舉辦主題為＂未來的新型城市＂的英語討論活動。請根據(jù)下

列要點，

發(fā)揮你的想象力，用英語寫一篇發(fā)言稿。內(nèi)容包括：

1.新型城市產(chǎn)生的原因；

2.新型城市的運作模式。ⅠⅡⅢ◎?qū)懽饕c1.由于溫室效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致海平面上升以及人口爆炸性增長，我們的城市迫切需要做出改變。(explode，urge)

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?2.在海上建設(shè)漂浮城市的想法在我心里占據(jù)了上風(fēng)。(takeover)

Asaresultoftherisingsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandexploding

population，ourcitiesareurgedtomakesomechanges.

Theideaofconstructingfloatingcitiesontheseatakesoverinmymind.

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?ⅠⅡⅢ3.漂浮城市看上去就像懸在人造島上一樣，該島幾乎被植物完全覆蓋。(suspend)4.由于有太陽能、風(fēng)能和波浪能，漂浮城市可能會比我們現(xiàn)在住的地方還要好。

(superior)

Thefloatingcityseemstosuspendonaman-madeisland，whichisalmostentirely

coveredbyplants.

Withsolar，windandwavepower，thefloatingcitymaybesuperiortowherewe

livenow.

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?5.我相信，隨著科技的發(fā)展，這種城市將會是最適合我們的。(turnout)

Ibelievethiskindofcitywillturnouttobethemostsuitableforuswiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.

ⅠⅡⅢ◎連句成篇請運用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將以上寫作要點串聯(lián)成一篇語意連貫的短文。

Goodmorning，everyone.I’mgladtosharemyviewon＂thenewcityinthefuture＂.

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?ⅠⅡⅢAsaresultoftherisingsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandexploding

population，ourcitiesareurgedtomakesomechanges.Inthecircumstances，theidea

ofconstructingfloatingcitiesontheseatakesoverinmymind.Thefloatingcityseemsto

suspendonaman-madeisland，whichisalmostentirelycoveredbyplants.Besides，

withsolar，windandwavepower，thecitymaybesuperiortowherewelivenow.I

believethiskindofcitywillturnouttobethemostsuitableforuswiththedevelopmentof

scienceandtechnology.

Thankyou！

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