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專題01閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題
目錄
題型綜述2
解題攻略3
題型01直接信息題3
題型02直接理解題
題型03間接信息題4
題型04數(shù)字計(jì)算題6
題型05排列順序題7
題型06圖表圖畫題8
高考練場(chǎng)
變式演練
01題型綜述
?題型簡(jiǎn)介
?細(xì)節(jié)理解題是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中最基本的題型,主要考查考生對(duì)文章具體信息的理解和提取能力。
一般包括直接信息題、直接理解題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、排列順序題、圖表圖畫題等。它要求
考生能夠讀懂文章中的具體細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容,如事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、原因、過(guò)程、結(jié)果等諸多細(xì)
節(jié)信息。這種題型在閱讀理解部分占比較大,是獲取高分的基礎(chǔ)。
?細(xì)節(jié)理解題的文章體裁多樣,包括記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文等。文章內(nèi)容涉及廣泛,如人物傳記、科
技知識(shí)、文化教育、社會(huì)現(xiàn)象等諸多領(lǐng)域。
?設(shè)題類型
?直接信息題1直接詢問(wèn)文章中明確提到的具體信息,如“Whattimedidthetrainleave?,,t4Whoistheauthor
ofthebookmentionedinthetext?”這些問(wèn)題的答案可以直接在原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的語(yǔ)句。
?間接信息題:這類題目需要考生對(duì)原文中的信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的轉(zhuǎn)換或者推理。例如,問(wèn)題可能是根據(jù)文
中所描述的人物的行為來(lái)推斷其態(tài)度,或者根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序來(lái)推斷某個(gè)事件的原因。提問(wèn)方
式可能是"Whydidthecharactermakesuchadecision?,,ctWhatcanbeinferredaboutthesituationfromthe
description?^^
?數(shù)字計(jì)算題:通常涉及文章中的數(shù)字信息,如時(shí)間、價(jià)格、數(shù)量等,要求考生進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。例如,
“Iftheoriginalpriceofaproductis$100andit*sona20%discount,howmuchdoesitcostnow?^^
?排序題:[要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容對(duì)事件、步驟等進(jìn)行排序。比如,"Whichofthefollowingisthecorrect
orderoftheprocessdescribedinthetext?”
?解題思路
?定位信息:首先,根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞(如人名、地名、時(shí)間、事件等),快速在文章中定位相關(guān)段
落或者語(yǔ)句。例如,如果題目問(wèn)的是關(guān)于某個(gè)科學(xué)家的研究成果,就快速找到文中提及該科學(xué)家的部
分。
?仔細(xì)閱讀:|定位到信息后,仔細(xì)閱讀該部分內(nèi)容,理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的含義。注意理解上下文語(yǔ)境,有時(shí)
候一個(gè)單詞或者短語(yǔ)的意思需要結(jié)合上下文才能準(zhǔn)確把握。
?對(duì)比選項(xiàng):將選項(xiàng)與原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行逐一對(duì)比。對(duì)于直接信息題,看選項(xiàng)是否與原文表述一致;對(duì)于間
接信息題,判斷選項(xiàng)是否是對(duì)原文信息合理的轉(zhuǎn)換或推理;對(duì)于數(shù)字計(jì)算題,檢查計(jì)算過(guò)程是否正確;
對(duì)于排序題,核對(duì)選項(xiàng)中的順序是否與原文描述相符。排除與原文不符的選項(xiàng),從而選出正確答案。
?命題方式
考查文章細(xì)節(jié)理解的測(cè)試題的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題:
①Thisarticleisparticularlywrittenfor...?
②Whenthewritersays...hereallymeans...?
(3)Theauthor9sattitudeto...isthat...?
④Whatkindofatmospheredoesthewriterwanttocreateinthispassage?
⑤Thewriterregards...as...?
@Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis...
02解題攻略
題型oi直接信息題
提絆籍
對(duì)于直接信息題,可以首先從問(wèn)題中找到關(guān)鍵詞,然后以此為線索,運(yùn)用略讀及查閱的技巧在原文中
直接找到明確的信息,往往只考查文章中的個(gè)別事實(shí),通常只涉及原文一兩句話的信息。也就是說(shuō),命題
者設(shè)置的題目比較直接,理解字面意思即可作答。該題型幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息,
或是其變體,大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開(kāi)的細(xì)節(jié)。
典例剖析
(2025年閔行一模)
Backinhertwenties,LindaParkwasallaboutfashion.Butshealsostartednoticingsomethingdisturbing:the
fashionindustrywasseriouslyhurtingtheenvironment.Assheworkedasadesigner,shewasshockedbythe
mountainsofunsoldclothes,fabricsthatwouldhangaroundfordecades,andtheharmfuldyes(染料)dumping
intorivers.Ithither-ifshewasgoingtomakearealdifference,she'dhavetorolluphersleeves(袖子)and
tacklefashion'swasteproblemherself.
36.inspiredLindaParktostartherbusiness.
A.Adesiretopromoteeco-friendlydyes
B.Thehighdemandforrecycledclothing
C.Thewastegeneratedbythefashionindustry
D.Herbackgroundinsustainabledesign
題型02直接理解題
提分秘籍
細(xì)節(jié)類閱讀理解題,一般只針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié),題型可以多種多樣。其中的直接理解題,在原文中
可以直接找到答案。因此所選答案一定要符合原文,這里的符合原文是指所選答案有下列特征:1.是原文
的再現(xiàn);2.是原文的改寫;3.是原文的簡(jiǎn)化。
典例剖析
(2025年嘉定一模)
Islidintothecar,abittriumphant.Theroadslookedfine,Ithought,barelyaninchofsnow,Istartedthecarand
pulledoutofthedriveway,feelingasurgeofindependence.ButasImademywaythroughtheneighborhood,the
slipperyroadstestedmyconfidence.Onesharpturnlater,andfwasintrouble-thecarstartedtoskid.Itriedtoslow
down,butitwastoolate.Thecarslidrightintoasnowbank.
38.Whathappenedtothecarwhenthewritertriedtomakeasharpturn?
A.Itmadetheturnsafely.B.Itslidofftheroadandhitanothercar.
C.Itcametoacompletestopintheroad.D.Itstartedtoslipandcrashedintoasnowbank.
題型03間接信息題
提分秘籍
間接信息題一般無(wú)法在文中直接找到明確的信息,因?yàn)槠浯鸢高x項(xiàng)的表述通常不是使用文章的原話,
而是使用與文中同義或近義的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)??忌鑼?duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理,然后再進(jìn)一步推理鑒別;做
這類題目時(shí),學(xué)生需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理,然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別,這是介于事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題
和推理判斷題之間的一種題型,對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)有一定難度。
典例剖析
(2025年長(zhǎng)寧一模)
Weoftenpicturetoday5steensassocial-mediaaddicts.Theystareattheirphones24/7andlashoutwhenthey
can'thavetheirWeChatfix.Butthetruthismorecomplicated:Whiletheydependonsocialmediatokeepupwith
friends,itdoeshaveatendencytomakethemfeelhelplessunderthepressure,andtheyknowit.
WhenIspoketofourstudentsatNotreDameHighSchoolinShermanOaks,Calif.,aspartofmynation-wideteen
listeningtour,theytoldmetheymakeconsciouschoicesaboutwhotheysharethingswithonsocialmedia,
howtheymanagetheiraccountsandhowtheyhandletheirownburnout.
37.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatissometeens9intentionalactiononsocialmedia.
A.selectingwhattopostB.lettingothershandletheirposts
C.showingtheirdispleasureD.quittingtokeepfromfeelinghurt
題型04數(shù)字計(jì)算題
提絆籍
數(shù)字計(jì)算題也是近幾年高考中??嫉膬?nèi)容,此類試題是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出來(lái)細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí),有的要經(jīng)過(guò)
具體的計(jì)算才能夠得出正確的答案。具體的計(jì)算題可以是對(duì)年代的計(jì)算、月份的計(jì)算或比例的計(jì)算等。文
章中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字,它們對(duì)解題產(chǎn)生一定的影響。
典例剖析
(2025年奉賢一模)
Goingunderground?
TheSubwayistheeasiestwaytogetaroundtheCityCentreandWestEnd
ofGlasgow.Runningeveryfourminutesatpeaktimes,ittakesjust24
minutestocompleteacircuitofthe15stationsandcostsfromaslittleas
0£1.80foranadultsingletotravelanywhereelseonthesystem.
KelvinbridwStGeorve's
HillheadCrossCowcaddens
Kelvinhall、Buchanan
???Street
Partick■.AStEnoch
QOuterQg.MmOvde
Govan??
■??,Street
?
,br0XCessnockKimjnsShields
FirstTrainsLastTrains
OuterCircleMon.toSat.Sun.OuterCircleMon.toSat.Sun.
FromGovan06:3010:00FromGovan23:1617:50
FromStEnoch06:3410:03FromStEnoch23:3018:03
InnerCircleMon.toSat.Sun.InnerCircleMon.toSat.Sun.
FromGovan06:3010:00FromGovan23:1617:50
FromStEnoch06:3210:00FromStEnoch23:2818:00
Subwaytickets
TypeAdultChild**
*unlimitedtravelforoneday
Single£1.80£0.85
**Appliestochildrenunder16yearsold.
Childrenunderfivetravelforfreeif
Return£3.40£1.60
accompaniedbyafarepayingadult.
Allday*£4.30£2.15
41.ToarriveatKelvinbridgeonaweekdaymorningassoonaspossible,youcantaketheearliesttrainfromStEnoch
at
A.6:34B.6:32C.10:00D.10:03
42.Acoupletakinga15-year-oldandanewbornonaONE-DAYtripinGlasgowcanmaximizetheirsubway
experiencebypaying
A.£6.45B.£8.40C.£10.75D.£12.90
題型05圖表圖畫題
提分秘籍
在有圖表圖畫的閱讀理解中,有的圖表圖畫出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解文章中,有的出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中,這些圖片的
出現(xiàn)增加了試題的直觀性,同時(shí)也暗含著和文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。學(xué)生應(yīng)該把握準(zhǔn)圖表圖畫中的一些細(xì)微
處,找準(zhǔn)和題干相關(guān)的信息,不得疏忽。
典例剖析
(2025年浦東新區(qū)一模)
Readytomakesomethingbeautiful?Padletisavaluableeducationtoolspecificallycreatedforteachersto
upload,organize,andsharecontent,keepingitallinoneplacewithvirtualboardscalled"padlets.”
Padletsandtraditionalnoticeboardsserveidenticalpurposesinsharinginformation,buttheydiffer
significantlyinfeatures.
PadletTraditionalnoticeboard
Multimediaintegrationo?
Interactivityo
Immediateresponseso?
Physicalengagement?o
Riskoftechnicalissueso?
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
ito_si?gni?fiesyes,((?_j/orno,((。_//?_j_o£rb7ot,h1.
TeacherWorkflow
?LogintoPadletandcreateanewboard.
?Choosealayout(timeline,wall,map,Share
stream,etc.)thatfitstheactivity(e.g.,
Secret
brainstorming,projectcooperation).Thispadletwillbehiddenfrom
?Setupinitialcontent:instructionsorthepublic.Onlypeoplewiththe
examples.linkcanaccessit.
Secret-Password
Onlypeoplewiththelinkand金
?GenerateaQRcodeorsharetheboardfpasswordcanaccessthis
;padlet.
linkwithstudents.?
?Ensureappropriatesettings.;
Secret-Login
OnlyloggedinvisitorswiththeQ
linkcanaccessthispadlet.
?Monitortheboardduringtheactivity.
?ProvidefeedbackdirectlyontheboardPublic
orfacilitateadiscussionbasedonAnyonecanaccessthispadlet.
submissions.ItwillshowuponyourprofileQ
pageandinGooglesearch
results.
?Evaluatestudents'contributions.
?Optionally,usetheboardforpresentations
orgroupreflections.
42.Basedontheteacherworkflow,inwhatorderdolearnersrespondtothecreationofthePadlet?
①Clickthe"+"buttonordouble-click;②Signupandjointheboardthrough
ontheboardtoaddapostasinstructed.!thesharedlinkorQRcode.
③Polishyoursubmissionsbasedon:④Commentonothers5poststoshare
reviews.Organizeentriesifnecessary.■ideas,givefeedback,oraskquestions.
A.①②④③B.②①④③C.②①③④D.①②③④
(2025年徐匯一模)
Fromthetimehumanbeingsbegantodrawthem,mapshavehelpedpeoplefindtheirwayaroundtheir
environments.Butmapscanshowusmanythings,notjustwhichdirectiontogo.Theyshowthepathofhistory,the
earth'sshapedevelopmentofmathematics,andtheprogressoftechnology.
Oneoftheoldest-knownlandmapsisanalmost1,600-year-oldtabletfromSouthwestAsia.Themapshowsa
circleoflandthatisdividedbyariverandsurroundedbyocean.Trianglesonthemapindicateeightdifferentregions.
Andthemap'stextdescribeslegendarybeastsandheroesthatwereimportanttotheancientpeopleofthearea.
AroundAD150,aGreekscientistdrewnorth-southandeast-westlinesonamap.Thisadditionappliesmathematics
tomappingandwasanearlyattempttoshowtheearth'sshapeonaflatpieceofpaper.Mapsgraduallybecamemuch
moredetailedasnewregionswereexploredandputdownonpaper.Also,mathematicalandastronomicaladvances
helpedtoperfecttheworldmaptowhatweknowandlovetoday!
Nowthatyouknowalittleabouttheearlyhistoryofmaps,letslearnsomefunfacts.
40.WhichofthefollowingpicturesbestshowsthemodernformoftheGreekscientisfsadditiontothemap?
A.
題型06排列順序題
提無(wú)秘籍
排序題要求考生根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,找出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順序。
如果是記敘文,排序題通常以事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間為線索;如果是說(shuō)明文,排序題通常以說(shuō)明的先后順序?yàn)榫€
索;如果是議論文,排序題通常以邏輯順序?yàn)榫€索。從近幾年高考試題來(lái)看,這類試題主要出現(xiàn)在記敘文
和說(shuō)明文中。近幾年高考英語(yǔ)題中,這類試題出現(xiàn)較少,但也需要引起學(xué)生注意。
典例剖析
(2025年楊浦一模)
rdIEMWetMmoi1項(xiàng)BEflUTIFULBERCHDEBRIS
FortGraggBeachesinCaliforniawereAsdecadespassed,continualimpact
onceusedasadumpsiteforlocalstobyoceanwavessmoothedand
throwawaytheirrubbish,includingglassroundedtheedgesolthegb外
waste.By1967,thelocalssoughtnewcreatingafrostedte?glassbeach.
dumpinggrounds,leavingthetfjshTheFortBraggGlassBeachIsnow
behind.Overtime,thepilesofrubbishundertheprotectionof
bepntodecreaseasmetalwastewasMacKerrkherStatePark,and
repurposedandbiodegradablemaietialsremovinganyoftheglass1$
rottedaway,leavingonlyglass.prohibited.
42.AgroupofstudentsareresearchingthehistoryoftheFortBraggGlassBeach.Theyhavearrangedthemajor
eventsintimeorder.Whichofthefollowingbestreflectsthisorder?
①Itbecameadesertedplace.
②Itwasdeclaredaprotectedzone.
③Itwascoveredwithonlyglass.
④Itservedasaglassjewelryworkshop.
⑤Itwasusedasanaturaldumpsite.
A.⑤②①④B.①⑤③④C.⑤①③②D.①②⑤③
03高考練場(chǎng)
(A)
(2024-2025學(xué)年七寶中學(xué)高三上英語(yǔ)月考)
WhenyoufirstarriveinOxford,itmaytakealittlewhileforyoutofindyourwayaround.Theuniversityisa
largeorganizationthatisfullyintegratedintothecityandhasbeenevolvingfor800years.Someofthefirstthings
ourstudentsdowhentheyarriveincludefindingabike(moststudentsinOxfordfindcyclingisthebestwaytogo
around),settingupabankaccount,gettingtheircomputerandmobilephoneworking,findingtheirdepartment,
gettingtoknowtheircollegeandworkingoutthebestplacestosocialize.
Oneofthemajoreventsyouwillexperienceshortlyafter"comingup"toOxfordismatriculation.Matriculation
isheldattheUniversity'sSheldonianTheatreandistheceremonyatwhichyouareformallyadmittedtothe
university.
Internationalstudentsareinvitedtoanorientationdayatthestartoftheacademicyear.Sessionsrunthroughout
thedaythatwillgiveyoupracticalinformationaboutlivingandstudyinginUKandintroduceyoutoothergraduate
studentsfromallovertheworldwhoarestartingtheirstudiesatOxfordatthesametimeasyou,aswellastocurrent
Oxfordgraduatestudentsandstaffwhowillbeabletohelpandadviseyou.Thedaycoverstopicssuchasstudying
andlearningintheOxfordsystem,Universityservices,informationonlivinginBritainandculturedifferences,as
wellasaddressingpracticalissuessuchasemployment,immigrationandvisas,healthandsafety.Youcanchoose
whichtalkstoattendandattheendofthedaythereisasocialhoursoyoucanmeetfellowstudent.
Anothergoodthingtoexperienceearlyoniscollegedining.Mostcollegeshaveatraditionofregularformalhall
dinners,whichconsistofthreeorfourcoursesandtheatmosphereofaneveningoutinanicerestaurant.Onsomeof
theseoccasionsyoucaninvitepeoplearoundtoyourcollegefordinnerandthentheymayreturnthefavor.Inthis
wayyoucangettoknowpeoplestudyingyourownandothersubjectsatthesametimeasvisitingmanyoften
historicalcollegegroundsanddininghalls.
FurtherinformationonyourfirstfewweeksatOxfordisavailableviatheStudentsGatewayonourwebsiteand
youcangetfirst-handaccountsofwhatlifeatOxfordislikebywatchingvideosofstudentstalkingabouttheir
experiencesonourWallof100Faces.
39.WhichofthefollowingisnotthefirstthingforanewcomertoOxfordtodo?
A.tofindabestplacetosocialize
B.tosetupabankaccount
C.togototheSheldonianTheatre
D.togetmobilephoneworking
40.WhendostudentsfeeltheyaretrulyadmittedtoOxfordUniversity?
A.TheyarrivedinOxfordandsettleddownoncampus.
B.Theyreceivedtheofferfromtheadmissionoffice.
C.Theymetthestaffandtooksomerequiredcourses.
D.Theyexperiencedthematriculationintheuniversity.
41.Whyisanorientationimportantforinternationalstudents?
A.Itisagoodchancetoaskthestaffforhelp.
B.Itofferspracticalinformationaboutlivingandstudying.
C.Ithelpsgetstudents'computershookedtotheInternet.
D.Itcanhelpdealwiththeproblemofculturedifferences.
42."Returnthefavorninthepassageprobablymeans.
A.invitingyoufordinner
B.visitingyourhistoriccollegeinreturn
C.sharingfavoritevideos
D.providingyouwithsomegoodadvice.
(B)
(華東師大二附中2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期月考卷)
ABeginner*sGuidetoDJINeo
DJ0RC-N1aSKK破BMic,o-US8小頭)US8-CK?1£ACHIBIS
HowcanItakeoffDJINeoinpalm?WhichintelligentshootingfeaturescanIchoose?IsQuick-Transfer
available?Allyouneedishere.FollowingourguideandstatyourDJIadventure!
ApplicableProducts:DJINeo
1.IntheBox
Openthepackage,andtakeoutDJINeoandaccessoriesinorder,asshownbelow.IfyoupurchasetheCombo,
comparingtotheDJINeosingleproduct,youwillhavetwoflightintelligentbatteriesandonecharginghub.
2.PreparingDJINeo
2.1ChargingMethods
?IntelligentFlightBattery
ConnecttheUSBchargertotheUSB-CportonDJINeotochargeandactivatethebatteryforthefirsttime.
Whenthebatterylevel1.EDsareonitmeansthebatteryissuccessfullyactivated.Ittakesapproximatelyonehour
tofullychargeonebattery.
ItisrecommendedtouseachargerprovidedbyDJI,suchasDJI65WPortableChargeorotherUSBPD
chargerswhosepoweroutputisnolowerthan30W.
-DJINeoTwo-WayChargingHub
Insertthebatteriesintothebatteryportsofthecharginghubuntiltheyclickintoplace.Theconnectthecharging
hubtoachargerviaUSB-Cportforchargingbatteries.
WhenusedwiththeDJI65WPortableCharger,thecharginghubcanfullychargethreeIntelligentFlight
Batteriesinapproximately60minutes(ittakesalsoapproximately60minutestofullychargeonebattery).
2.3PoweringOn/OffDJINeo
RemovethegimbalprotectorfromDJINeobeforepoweringon.Press,thenpressandholdthepowerbuttonfor
twosecondstopoweronoroffDJINeo.
2.4ActivatingDJINeo
DJINeoneedstobeactivatedviaDJIFlywhenitisusedforthefirsttime.ClickheretodownloadtheDJIFly
蟲(chóng)
OpenDJIFlyandfollowthecorrespondinginstructions.Pleaseensurethatyourmobiledeviceremains
connectedtotheInternetduringtheactivationprocess.
YoucangototheDeviceInfoInquirypagetochecktheactivationinformation,warrantyperiod,andDJICare
serviceplanbenefits.
2.5FirmwareUpdate
ApromptwillappearinDJIFlywhenafirmwareupdateisavailable.Updatethefirmwarefollowingthe
correspondinginstructionstoensureoptimalflightexperience.
-Duringtheupdateprocess,itisnormalifDJINeorestarts.
-Aftertheupdateiscompleted,DJINeowillbeautomaticallypoweredoff.Restartitmanually.
Formoreinformationabouttheproduct,pleaserefertoDJINeoUserManual.
40.WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthesingleproducepackageofDJINeo?
A.Gimbalprotector.B.Sparepropellors.C.PDcable.D.Acharginghub.
41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.ItwillbebetterifyouuseachargerofbrandsotherthanDJIandwithapoweroutputof25W.
B.Whenyouchargethebatteryforthefirsttime,itmeansthebatteryisfullychargedifthebatterylevelLEDlights
areon.
C.YouwillhavetopowerontheDJINeobyyourselfafterthefirmwareisupdated.
D.Afterthebatteryisactivated,youcanpressthepowerbuttonandimmediatelyactivatetheDJINeo.
42.IttakesapproximatelytochargethreeIntelligentFlightBatteriesfully,usingacharginghub.
A.onehourB.twohoursC.threehoursD.fourhours
變型遒
(2025年奉賢一模)
Intheyear1669,aGermantradernamedHennigBrandsetoutonanunusualquestthatwouldleadtooneofthe
mostfascinatingdiscoveriesinthehistoryofchemistry.Brand,drivenbytheage-oldalchemists9dreamofmagically
turningbasemetalsintogold,conductedaseriesofexperimentsthatwouldforeverchangeourunderstandingof
elements.
Brand'sjourneybeganwithanassumptionthatthekeytocreating"gold"residedinhumanurine(尿液).This
seeminglystrangeideawasfueledbytheobservationthaturinesharedasimilaryellowcolorwiththepreciousmetal.
Actingonthisbelief,Brandcollectedanastonishing5000litersofurineandallowedittostandandferment(發(fā)酵).
Afterweeksoffermentation,Brandboiledtheurinedowntoathick,stickysubstance.Hethenmixedthispaste
withsandandheatedthemixturetoanextremetemperature.Whatemergedfromthisprocesswasasubstancethat
wasentirelynewtotheworldofscience-awhitesolidthatshonewithasoftlightinthedark.
Brandnamedthisglowingmaterial“phosphorus,“originatingfromtheGreekwordsfor“l(fā)ightbearer."The
discoveryofphosphoruswasnotjustascientificbreakthrough;itcapturedtheimaginationofthepublicandthe
scientificcommunityalike.Itsabilitytogiveofflightinthedarknesswasbothfascinatingandmysterious.
TheimplicationsofBrand'sdiscoverywerefar-reaching.Phosphoruswasnotonlyanoveltybutalsoa
substancewithpracticalapplications.Itwouldlaterbecomeanessentialcomponentintheproductionofmatches,
fertilizers,andvariouschemicals.
HennigBrand'saccidentaldiscoveryofphosphorusin1669wasmorethanjustfindinganewelement;itmarked
theendoftheeraoftheperiodofmagicchemistryandthebeginningofmodemchemistry.Brand'sphosphorus,once
soughtasameanstowealth,becameacornerstoneinthefieldofscience,acleardemonstrationofpowerofcuriosity
andtheunexpectedpathsthatcanleadtoenlightenment.
36.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Thefallofancientalchemistsandtheriseofmodernchemists.
B.Theaccidentaldiscoveryofphosphorusanditsscientificimpact.
C.Theimportanceofhumanurineinscientificexperiments.
D.Thetransformationofbasemetalsintogoldthroughmagic.
37.WhatwasHennigBrand?sinitialgoalwhenhestartedhisexperiments?
A.Toturnhumanurineintogold.B.Todiscoveranewelement.
C.Toproduceaglowingsubstance.D.Toreformmodernchemistry.
38.Theunderlinedword,cornerstone"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto.
A.mysteryB.symbolC.obstacleD.foundation
39.WhatcanbeinferredaboutHennigBrandfromthepassage?
A.Hewasaseriouschemistwhofollowedestablishedscientificmethods.
B.Hewasavisionaryscientistwhopredictedthefutureofchemistry.
C.Hewasacuriousindividualwillingtoexploreunconventionalideas.
D.Hewasawealthytraderwithadeepunderstandingofchemistry.
(2025年黃浦區(qū)一模)
Howmuchongoingjoycanyougetfromsomethingthatweighseightounces(盎司)?ForSimonSpichak,ifsa
lot,thankstoahedgehogthatfitsinhishand.
hedgehog
Mr.Spichak,a29-year-oldsciencewriterwholivesinToronto,boughthisnewpartnerinMay2023for$280
andnameditGoober.Hehasspentanadditional$200onfood,awheel,beddingandtoys,aswellas$150intheirfirst
yeartogethertovisitaveterinarian(獸醫(yī)).
GooberhasimprovedMr.Spichak'slifeinsmallandbigways,providinghimwithentertainingmaterialtopost
tohissocialmediaaccountsandhelpingtointroducehimtosomeofhisneighborswhenhetakesGooberaroundhis
block,wherethey'remetwithdelightedcuriosity."'Therearelotsofpeoplewalkingbyfromtheneighborhoodwho
startconversationsbecauseofthehedgehog,9,Mr.Spichaksaid.
coffeepot
Thisisnotanindividualcase.
RiteshSeth,ahumanresourcesspecialistinColumbia,Md.,boughtasolidbrass,Italian-madecoffeepot
for$400,andsaidithadhelpedhimexpandhisnetworkathisco-workingspace."'Otherbusinessenterprisesand
start-upswhoworkoutoftheofficespacehavenoticedmycoffeepotandoutofcuriositycomeovertochat,"Mr.
Seth,38,said.""Usually,afterthepoliteintroductions,wediscusswhatproductorprojectweareworkingon,find
commonbusinesschallenges,referpotentialprospectsandsometimestalkaboutsports.”
Millennials(bornfrom1981to1996)andGenerationZ(bornfrom1997to2012)aremorelikelythanolder
generationstomakespendingonnonessentialpurchasesapriority,accordingtoastudypublishedlastyearbyIntuit.
Thestudysuggestedthatthiswasbecauseyoungergenerationsplacedahighvalueonpersonalgrowthandmental
happiness.Whilegymmembershipsorself-helpbooksmaybemoreobviouspurchasesforimprovinglives,less
typicaloptions,evenunusualones,canmakealastingdifferencebyhelpingpeoplefindhappinessandconnectto
newcommunities.
36.WhatdidGooberbringtoSimon?
A.Itinspiredhimtopursueasciencewritingcareer.
B.Ithelpedhimsavemoneyonveterinaryexpenses.
C.Itenrichedhissocialmediaandneighborhoodconnections.
D.Itgainedhimfamebyachievingrecognitioninthecommunity.
37.Withthecoffeepotas,Riteshexpandedhisnetworkathisco-workingspace.
A.aconversationstarterB.amarketableproduct
C.apilotprojectD.atechnicalchallenge
38.Comparedwitholdergenerations,MillennialsandGenerationZ.
A.spendmoretimeongymmembershipsandself-helpbooks
B.prefertospendonnon-essentialitemsforself-growthandemotionaljoy
C.favourfinancialsecurityoverpersonaldevelopmentandmentalhapp
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