江蘇專用2024高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)增分篇專題五書(shū)面表達(dá)教學(xué)案

PAGEPAGE1專題五書(shū)面表達(dá)[江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá)近五年考情統(tǒng)計(jì)]年份題材體裁類型2024外國(guó)交換生來(lái)學(xué)校訪問(wèn)，歡迎儀式上是否應(yīng)當(dāng)穿傳統(tǒng)服裝爭(zhēng)論文讀寫(xiě)2024對(duì)消費(fèi)排名的看法爭(zhēng)論文讀寫(xiě)2024電影票房收入改變的緣由及對(duì)其走向的看法爭(zhēng)論文讀寫(xiě)2024闡述你對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的看法爭(zhēng)論文讀寫(xiě)2015交通法規(guī)的意識(shí)與理念爭(zhēng)論文讀寫(xiě)[命題分析]分析近五年江蘇考情可以看出，江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá)的題目設(shè)置場(chǎng)景越來(lái)越具有真實(shí)性，與生活實(shí)際聯(lián)系越來(lái)越緊密，內(nèi)容包括日常生活、學(xué)校生活、社會(huì)文化等方面。所供應(yīng)的材料既有讀寫(xiě)式的文字介紹也有圖表，信息量大，這對(duì)考生的材料分析、概括提煉實(shí)力要求很高，同時(shí)具有確定的開(kāi)放性，既便于考生寫(xiě)出緊扣主題的特性化內(nèi)容，又能防止考生出現(xiàn)逐字逐句翻譯，忽視主題的做法。試卷怎么評(píng)——江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及解讀[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]第五檔21～25分完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)?！采w全部?jī)?nèi)容要點(diǎn)?！獞?yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯?！Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力運(yùn)用較困難結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用實(shí)力。—有效地運(yùn)用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。第四檔16～20分完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)?！m漏掉一兩個(gè)次重點(diǎn)，但覆蓋全部主要內(nèi)容。—應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。—語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本精確，有些許錯(cuò)誤主要是因嘗試運(yùn)用較困難語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致?！獞?yīng)用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。第三檔11～15分基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)?！m漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋全部主要內(nèi)容?！獞?yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求?！幸恍┱Z(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面的錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解?！獞?yīng)用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文內(nèi)容連貫。整體而言，基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀](一)如何理解“覆蓋全部?jī)?nèi)容要點(diǎn)”評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)考生所要求的“覆蓋全部?jī)?nèi)容要點(diǎn)”，就是要求考生在寫(xiě)作時(shí)要細(xì)致審題，確保要點(diǎn)“全而不漏”，要點(diǎn)全面是作文得高分的必要條件。(二)如何理解“應(yīng)用了較多的詞匯”這里所說(shuō)的“應(yīng)用了較多的詞匯”，是指詞匯運(yùn)用的多樣性，如詞性的多樣性、高級(jí)詞匯的運(yùn)用、同義詞與反義詞的運(yùn)用、短語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用等。(三)如何理解“應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”“較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)”就是指句式結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性。毋庸置疑，單調(diào)的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)、長(zhǎng)度相近的句子會(huì)使文章呆板單調(diào)，缺乏生氣和活力，而敏捷多變的句式則使行文豐富多彩、生動(dòng)、自然、流暢。感嘆句、倒裝句、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、定語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的正確運(yùn)用，可以使文章的語(yǔ)言充溢層次感，從而較好地反映出作者的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用實(shí)力。(四)如何理解“上下文的連貫性”評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指出，書(shū)面表達(dá)應(yīng)當(dāng)留意“上下文的連貫性”，并能“有效地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊”。此處所說(shuō)的連貫性，是指段與段、句與句之間以一種明晰的、合乎邏輯的依次組織與支配，做到在文意與結(jié)構(gòu)上層次分明、條理清晰、連貫流暢。高分怎么得——內(nèi)在美多得檔次分，外在美賺取印象分一、內(nèi)在美1．要點(diǎn)要齊全依據(jù)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，漏掉內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)會(huì)降低得分檔次，因此寫(xiě)作時(shí)要列出要點(diǎn)，避開(kāi)遺漏。2．用詞要得體用詞講究精確、得體。寫(xiě)作用詞時(shí)須要考慮身份、語(yǔ)氣、風(fēng)格等因素，也要考慮詞義的褒貶。3．錯(cuò)誤要避開(kāi)近幾年低分作文中出現(xiàn)了很多錯(cuò)誤，像審題錯(cuò)誤、詞匯錯(cuò)誤、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤和中式英語(yǔ)等，這些都是阻礙我們得高分的絆腳石，應(yīng)盡力避開(kāi)。4．詞匯要高級(jí)高級(jí)詞匯的選用不僅能給人新奇的感覺(jué)，而且能彰顯考生扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底，從而使閱卷者給出高分。5．句式要多樣考生要想使所寫(xiě)的文章凸顯文采，就必需寫(xiě)出幾個(gè)美麗的句子來(lái)，為文章增加色調(diào)。6．連接要自然連接過(guò)渡詞可以使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、前后連貫，能很好地起到穿針引線的作用，使邏輯更嚴(yán)密。二、外在美1．分段要合理近兩年江蘇高考的作文范文及高分作文，絕大多數(shù)分為3個(gè)自然段。第一段：30詞左右的摘要；其次段：依據(jù)閱讀材料所描述的某一事務(wù)或現(xiàn)象發(fā)表個(gè)人看法或建議；第三段：總結(jié)全文內(nèi)容。2．書(shū)寫(xiě)要美觀書(shū)寫(xiě)整齊美麗能首先給閱卷老師一個(gè)良好的印象，先聲奪人。為使書(shū)寫(xiě)美觀，書(shū)寫(xiě)應(yīng)符合英文書(shū)寫(xiě)習(xí)慣，字母的大小和字母之間的距離要?jiǎng)蛘?，無(wú)涂改、增補(bǔ)現(xiàn)象。分析近五年江蘇高考可以看出，高考書(shū)面表達(dá)主要考查讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)型作文。讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)型作文的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容一般分為兩部分：寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容一為摘要寫(xiě)作，即概括短文大意；寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容二，就某個(gè)主題發(fā)表個(gè)人看法?！白x寫(xiě)任務(wù)”是“讀”和“寫(xiě)”的有機(jī)結(jié)合，“讀”的材料是為后面的“寫(xiě)”供應(yīng)情景；同樣，“寫(xiě)”也是對(duì)“讀”的材料的思索和延長(zhǎng)。第一講如何運(yùn)用“七步作文法”讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)型作文從審題到成文可采納以下七個(gè)步驟：第一步：細(xì)致審題，明確題目要求通過(guò)審題明確文章主題、寫(xiě)作文體、寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容、主要時(shí)態(tài)和主體人稱等問(wèn)題。其中主體人稱，就是要確定主要以第幾人稱進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作，須要考生特殊留意。其次步：閱讀短文，抓住內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)記敘文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)是：時(shí)間(when)，地點(diǎn)(where)，什么人(who)，緣由(why)，做了什么事(what)，過(guò)程怎么樣(how)，這是記敘文的六要素。爭(zhēng)論文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)是論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。其關(guān)鍵是找出主題句或結(jié)論句。若文中有一分為二的觀點(diǎn)，兩種觀點(diǎn)都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的觀點(diǎn)。第三步：概括大意，轉(zhuǎn)述作者觀點(diǎn)記敘文——用自己的話將記敘文的六要素串聯(lián)起來(lái)。但有時(shí)也不確定四平八穩(wěn)，只需回答下列問(wèn)題即可：誰(shuí)做了什么事(whodidwhat)？結(jié)果怎樣(whatwastheresult)？文章揭示了什么(不確定有)?爭(zhēng)論文——用自己的話表達(dá)論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論句。第四步：順承過(guò)渡，引出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)寫(xiě)了摘要后，用過(guò)渡句引出自己的觀點(diǎn)(贊成或反對(duì))或引出類似的故事。第五步：詳寫(xiě)例證，論證個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)記敘文——編寫(xiě)與閱讀文章主題相同但情節(jié)不同的故事(親身經(jīng)驗(yàn)或虛構(gòu))。爭(zhēng)論文——在提出自己的觀點(diǎn)后，再用詳細(xì)的事例來(lái)論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。第六步：得出結(jié)論，留意前后呼應(yīng)舉完事例論證之后，要進(jìn)一步概括歸納自己的觀點(diǎn)，升華主題，并留意首尾照應(yīng)。第七步：修飾潤(rùn)色，使其錦上添花一查人稱是否符合要求；二查語(yǔ)法方面的問(wèn)題，包括用詞、時(shí)態(tài)等方面的錯(cuò)誤；三查邏輯關(guān)系，看前后觀點(diǎn)是否一樣；四查是否運(yùn)用一些較為高級(jí)的詞匯和句型，如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、定語(yǔ)從句、倒裝句型、恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等。(2024·江蘇高考)請(qǐng)閱讀下面文字，并依據(jù)要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。LiJiang：Haveyouheardthis?AgroupofexchangestudentsfromtheUKarevisitingourschoolnextmonth.SuHua：Yes，Ihave.SomearealreadyrecommendingthetraditionalChinesedressforthewelcomeceremony.LiJiang：Butitseemspeoplehavedifferentopinions.SuHua：Whatdoyouthink?LiJiang：Ithinkit'sagoodidea.It'sanopportunitytomaketheChineseculturebetterknowntointernationalstudents.SuHua：Iagree.Butwedon'thavetodressthatway.That'snotourdailystyle.Besides,it'snotveryconvenient.LiJiang：Yousee,it'stheChineseculturethattheBritishfriendsarecomingfor.Justtherightoccasion.SuHua：Iprefertheschooluniform.It'snice.It'salsoabetterdisplayofourschoolculture.[寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容]1．用約30個(gè)詞概括上述信息的主要內(nèi)容；2．在上述場(chǎng)合，你是否傾向于穿中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服裝？請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由(不少于兩點(diǎn))。[寫(xiě)作要求]1．寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能干脆引用原文語(yǔ)句；2．作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；3．不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。[點(diǎn)撥]第一步：細(xì)致審題，明確題目要求1．確定文體：依據(jù)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容第2點(diǎn)“在上述場(chǎng)合，你是否傾向于穿中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服裝？請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由(不少于兩點(diǎn))?！保梢钥闯鍪菭?zhēng)論文。2．確定主體時(shí)態(tài)：本文為爭(zhēng)論文，主體時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。其次步：閱讀上述對(duì)話，抓住要點(diǎn)依據(jù)寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容和寫(xiě)作要求可以列出以下三個(gè)要點(diǎn)：1．寫(xiě)出文章的摘要；2．談你是否傾向于穿中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服裝；3．得出你的結(jié)論。第三步：概括大意，轉(zhuǎn)述作者觀點(diǎn)并引出自己的觀點(diǎn)本文為分析社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類的爭(zhēng)論文，寫(xiě)作時(shí)要首先提煉出文章的主題。依據(jù)摘要寫(xiě)出過(guò)渡性用語(yǔ)，引出自己的觀點(diǎn)。第四步：詳寫(xiě)例證，舉例說(shuō)明你(反對(duì)或者贊成)的理由(1)ThetraditionalChinesedressisalittlebitstrangetowalkaroundinit.(2)Wefeelateaseinourschooluniformseveryday.(3)ThetraditionalChinesedresscan'treflecttheuniquecultureofourschool.(4)ThechoiceofthetraditionalChinesedressmeansextramoney.第五步：總結(jié)全文，得出結(jié)論TheschooluniformsareabetterchoicethanthetraditionalChinesedressforsuchanoccasion.第六步：加上過(guò)渡句、連接詞，用上高級(jí)句式，使其錦上添花Tobeginwith;Besides;Inaddition；What'smore;Lastbutnotleast;ononehand;ontheotherhand;foronething;foranother...；Thereisnodenyingthat...[參考范文]LiJiangandSuHuadon'tagreeonwhattowearwhengreetingtheBritishstudents.LisuggeststraditionalChineseclotheswhileSuthinkstheschooluniformsaremoresuitable.IprefertheschooluniformtothetraditionalChinesedressatthewelcomeceremonynextmonth.Thereisnodenyingthat thetraditionalChinesedressmaylookmorebeautifulandstylish,butitisalittlebitstrangetowalkaroundinit.Wefeelateaseinourschooluniformseveryday.Besides,thetraditionalChinesedresscan'treflecttheuniquecultureofourschool.Fromthedesignandcolourofouruniforms,theBritishfriendswilllearnmoreaboutourschool.What'smore,thechoiceofthetraditionalChinesedressmeansextramoney,andextratime,forwehavetochangeitbackaftertheevent.Therefore,theschooluniformsareabetterchoicethanthetraditionalChinesedressforsuchanoccasion.(2024·南京、鹽城一模)請(qǐng)細(xì)致閱讀下面的圖文信息，并依據(jù)要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。Sportsclassesareveryimportanttostudents'healthandoverallwellbeing.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstatedthatoverthepastthreeyearsobesityinchildrenandadolescentshasdoubledbecauseofdietandlackofactivity.ArecentsurveybytheChinaYouthDailyshowedthat64.7percentofthe2,003respondentsfoundsportsclassesinmiddleschoolsunsatisfactory.Thegovernmenthasbeguntoaddresstheproblem.AccordingtoaguidelineonhighschoolentranceexamreformreleasedbytheMinistryofEducationin2024,scoresofphysicaleducationwillbeconsideredinenrollmentforseniorhighschools.[寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容]1．用約30個(gè)單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容；2．結(jié)合上述信息，簡(jiǎn)要分析目前中學(xué)體育課上得不夠好的緣由；3．就如何改進(jìn)目前中學(xué)體育課現(xiàn)狀提出你的建議(不少于兩點(diǎn))。[寫(xiě)作要求]1．寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能干脆引用原文語(yǔ)句；2．作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱；3．不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。參考范文：Criticalassportsclassesaretostudents,approximatelytwothirdsoftherespondentsofarecentsurveyaredissatisfiedwiththem.Luckily,somemeasureshavebeentakentoaddressthem.Thereasonsbehindthisarevarious.Tobeginwith,schoolsandevensomeparentsareindifferenttosportsclasses,whichmakesitpossibleforotherclassestooccupysportsclasses.Besides,studentsareburdenedwithgreatacademicstress,leavingtheminadequatetimeforsports.Furthermore,imperfectsportsfacilitiesalsoleadtostudents'lowlevelofparticipation.Somethingmustbedonetoimprovethesituation.Firstofall,thegovernmentshouldallocatefundstoimprovefacilitiesforsports.Also,schoolsareexpectedtoeasetheacademicburdenonstudentsandallowthemtohavemoretimetorestanddeveloptheirinterestinsports.Meanwhile,professionalsportsteachersaresupposedtobeemployedtoensurethatstudentshaveadequatesportsclasses.其次講如何寫(xiě)記敘文的摘要對(duì)記敘文進(jìn)行概括時(shí)，要抓住原文的人物、事務(wù)、結(jié)果三大要素。有些記敘文的結(jié)尾有一個(gè)點(diǎn)題句，表達(dá)深刻內(nèi)涵或故事帶給人們的啟示，在寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)也需把故事寓意表達(dá)出來(lái)。一、記敘文摘要的模板1．沒(méi)有寓意只單純介紹事務(wù)的記敘文摘要模板(1)人物—事務(wù)(2)人物—事務(wù)—結(jié)果2．篇末有表示文章內(nèi)涵的記敘文摘要模板人物—事務(wù)—結(jié)果—啟示二、記敘文摘要的寫(xiě)法——要素串聯(lián)法1．尋詞摘句，確定要素記敘文通常包含時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、人物(who)、事務(wù)(what)、起因(why)、經(jīng)過(guò)(how)等六大要素。在閱讀時(shí)要圈定這些要素。2．整合信息，串聯(lián)要素列出上述要素和關(guān)鍵詞后，須要對(duì)其進(jìn)行整合，把所圈定的要素按確定的邏輯依次整合。在整合時(shí)要有所取舍，對(duì)于有助于揭示主題的主要信息，應(yīng)當(dāng)全部概括；而對(duì)于主題之外的內(nèi)容要毫不吝嗇地舍棄。3．細(xì)致審題，留意表達(dá)表達(dá)時(shí)要留意以下三點(diǎn)：(1)確定人稱：假如原文是第一人稱，在轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)一般要改為第三人稱。(2)確定時(shí)態(tài)：記敘文常以一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主。若記敘文中有作者從中得到的“啟示”或“意義”等，一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)。(3)確定詞數(shù)與句數(shù)：摘要要求是“以約30個(gè)單詞概括”，從近兩年高考閱卷的實(shí)際來(lái)看，滿分作文概括的詞數(shù)在26～38個(gè)單詞之間。受詞數(shù)限制，概括部分一般用1～3句表達(dá)，以用2句最佳。句子過(guò)多，要么內(nèi)容累贅，要么句式過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)潔，均會(huì)影響表達(dá)效果。三、記敘文摘要的常用句式1．Thewritertellsushisexperience...2．Theauthorshareshisexperiences...3．Fromthepassage,weknowthat...4．Thepassagetellsusthat...5．Inthepassage...請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)單詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。留意寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能干脆引用原文語(yǔ)句。(江蘇高考)Inrecentyears,internetvotinghasbecomeincreasinglypopularinChina.Peoplenotonlycastonlinevotesthemselves,butalsourgeotherstovoteforcompetitionslikethe“MostBeautifulTeacher”andthe“CutestBaby”．Li_Jiang,_a_high_school_student,_is_invited_to_vote_in_the_“Best_Police_Officer”_competition,_organizedbythelocalgovernmenttoletthepublichaveabetterunderstandingofpoliceofficers'dailywork.LiJiangvisitsthewebsiteandreadsallthestories.He_is_deeply_moved_by_their_glorious_deeds.Heisalreadythinkingofbecomingapolicemanhimselfinthefuture.Su_Hua_is_invited_by_his_uncle_to_vote_for_his_cousin_in_the_“Future_Singer”_competition.Hehasalreadyreceivedthreesimilarinvitationsthisweek.Hisuncletellshimthatifhiscousinwinsthecompetition,thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.SuHualikeshiscousinverymuch,buthefindsothersingersperformevenbetter.Tovote,ornottovote?Thisisaquestionthattroubleshimverymuch.[點(diǎn)撥]第一步：圈定本文的要素(見(jiàn)原文畫(huà)線部分)whoLiJiang,SuHuawhatareinvitedtovoteforothersresultoneismovedbuttheotherfeelstroubledtopicvoteornot其次步：確定人稱和時(shí)態(tài)人稱：本文講解并描述了兩個(gè)學(xué)生被要求投票的事情，應(yīng)當(dāng)用第三人稱；時(shí)態(tài)：描述社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，主體時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第三步：串聯(lián)要素，確定表達(dá)Fromthepassage,wecanseetwostudentsareinvitedtovoteforothers.Onefeelsmovedafterreadingthecompetitors'storieswhiletheotherisputintoadilemmaoverwhethertovoteornot.請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)單詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。留意寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能干脆引用原文語(yǔ)句。Attheageofforty-five,myusuallywell-orderedlifebecamedisturbedwithchanges.Aftertwenty-twoyearsofworkingforabank,Ilostmyjob.Mybeliefhasalwaysbeen“Changeisgood,andchangeisprogress.”IeagerlyexpectedtostepoutofmycomfortzonetodosomethingnewanddifferentandhavingapositiveattitudemadeallthedifferenceinthewayIlookedatthefuture.First,Idecidedtoreturntocollegeandgraduate.Withalittlenervousnessandalotofdetermination,Iattendedeveningclasses,andbecameanadultstudent.Oralpresentationswereoftenrequiredforoneclass.Bynature,Iamshy,andspeakinginfrontofpeopleterrifiedme.AsIstoodinfrontoftheotheradultswithwhomIsharedacommongoal,mykneeswerevisiblyknocking,andmyheartbeatfast.Thenexttimeitwaseasier,andsoonIwasstartingtoenjoyitalittle.Laterintheyear,IevenvoluntarilyinterviewedalocalreporterforanEnglishassignment,muchtotheamazementofmyteacher.Myconfidencestrengthened.SuddenlyIwasevengratefulforthechangeandfeltasifIcouldaccomplishanything.參考答案：Inthepassagetheauthortellsushowhefacedlifechangespositively.Thoughhelosthisjob,hisexperienceofgoingbacktocollegeendedupbeingfarmorevaluable.第三講如何寫(xiě)爭(zhēng)論文的摘要爭(zhēng)論文包括論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證三部分，所以在寫(xiě)爭(zhēng)論文的摘要時(shí)也要扣住這三大要素。一、爭(zhēng)論文摘要的類型1．“觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比”式爭(zhēng)論文通常有兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)，而且都有各自的理由。寫(xiě)摘要時(shí)要將觀點(diǎn)和理由按文章的依次用簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言組織起來(lái)。2．“觀點(diǎn)—論據(jù)—論證”式爭(zhēng)論文找出文章的主題句、論據(jù)以及結(jié)論，再用自己的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行加工處理。二、爭(zhēng)論文摘要的寫(xiě)法——主題概括法1．找出關(guān)鍵詞和主題句任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題綻開(kāi)的，因此，很多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫作關(guān)鍵詞。抓住了它，便簡(jiǎn)潔抓住文章的中心。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，關(guān)鍵詞通常是名詞、動(dòng)詞或形容詞。爭(zhēng)論文通常用來(lái)講明道理、爭(zhēng)論是非、提出觀點(diǎn)和看法。作者先正面或反面提出論點(diǎn)，然后用事實(shí)論證論點(diǎn)，最終以重申論點(diǎn)或提出建議的方式得出結(jié)論。爭(zhēng)論文的主題句通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句。2．依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞和主題句進(jìn)行概括依據(jù)圈定的關(guān)鍵詞和主題句進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)，用相應(yīng)的同義詞進(jìn)行替換或進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換，千萬(wàn)不能原封不動(dòng)地抄寫(xiě)原文。變換表達(dá)的三種常見(jiàn)方法：(1)正話反說(shuō)法或反話正說(shuō)法Youwillnot_succeed.＝Y(jié)ouwillfail.Youcan't_be_too_carefulwhendriving.＝Y(jié)oushould_be_very_carefulwhendriving.Ican'tagreewithyoumore.＝Iquiteagreewithyou.(2)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法Thephotoisof_importancetome.＝Thephotoisimportanttome.(3)句式改變法①語(yǔ)態(tài)變換：Parentsshouldgive_childrenmorepraise.→Childrenshouldbe_givenmorepraisebyparents.②簡(jiǎn)潔句變復(fù)合句：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.→Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,whichwillhelpthemlearnfaster.3．整合要點(diǎn)，限制詞數(shù)用相應(yīng)的連詞對(duì)各要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行連接，使其連貫。整合中心要點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)合并、簡(jiǎn)化句子，使之符合概括短文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的詞數(shù)(30個(gè)單詞左右)。請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)單詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。留意寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能干脆引用原文語(yǔ)句。If_you_ask_people_what_makes_them_happy,_you_will_probably_get_many_different_answers__but_there_are__two_fundamental_things___that_will_ensure_happiness.The_first_part_of_what_makes_people_happy_is_growth.Whenyoufeellikeyouareimprovingyourlife,that'swhenyouarehappy.Itdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthatyouhavetoconstantlybuybiggerandbetterthings.Youneedtofeellikeyouaregrowingonapersonallevel.Youneedtoknowthattheessenceofwhoyouareiscontinuallyimprovinginsomeway.Keeplookingforwaystomakeyourselfbettertodaythanyouwereyesterday.Thiscanmeandifferentthingstodifferentpeoplebutthepointisthatyouhavetofeellikeyouareimprovingandgettingbetterasahumanbeingastimegoesby.The_second_part_of_what_makes_people_happy_is_the_sense_of_contribution.Everyonewantstobelievethattheywereputheretodosomethinggreat.Aslongasyouknowthatbyyourbeinghere,bydoingwhatyouaredoing,youarehelpingsomeonesomewhere,itwillbringyouhappiness.Thesearetwowaysofhowtofindhappiness.Arethesetheonlyanswerstowhatmakespeoplehappy?Thatdependsonhowyoudefine happiness.[點(diǎn)撥]第一步：圈定文章的關(guān)鍵詞和主題句(見(jiàn)原文畫(huà)線部分)其次步：依據(jù)文章大意可知本文為“觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比”式爭(zhēng)論文1．人們的觀點(diǎn)：Peoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutwhatmakesthemhappy.2．作者的觀點(diǎn)：Happinesscomesfromtwofundamentalsources.第三步：整合要點(diǎn)，確定答案Whilepeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutwhatmakesthemhappy,thewriterthinksthathappinesscomesfromtwofundamentalsources:theimprovementofone'slifeandthesenseofcontribution.請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，然后以約30個(gè)單詞概括下文的主要內(nèi)容。留意寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中不能干脆引用原文語(yǔ)句。XueZhaofeng,aprofessorfromPekingUniversity,reportedlyhasmorethan170,000subscriberstohisonlineteachingcourseandcouldbemakingabout35millionyuan(＄5.3million)ayear.Xueisonlyoneamongthehundredsofonlineteachersmakingmillionsofyuanamonth.AccordingtoiResearch,anagencyspecializinginInternetdatacollection,theonlineeducationmarketwasworth156billionyuanbytheendoflastyear.Onlineeducationhasalsofoundmentioninthisyear'sCentralGovernmentWorkReport,whichPremierLiKeqiangdeliveredtotheannualNationalPeople'sCongress.Wecanthusconcludethatonlineeducationnotonlyhashugeeconomicpotential,italsoenjoysgovernmentsupport.Onlineeducationisnotwithoutproblems,though.Someonline“educators”areextremelypopularyettheyhardlyteachstudentsanythinguseful.Worse,thereishardlyanysupervisionofonlineeducationagencies.AChinaCentralTVreportonNov.17saidquiteahighpercentageofsuchagenciesarebeingoperatedwithouttheeducationbureaus'knowledge.參考答案：Withtheavailabilityofricheducationalresources,onlineeducationisbecomingincreasinglypopular,bringingonlineteachersandagenciesalargefortune.However,onlineeducationhascausedsomeproblemsworthpayingattentionto.第四講如何寫(xiě)好句、段的連接連接與過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用是語(yǔ)言連貫性得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的最常用手段。在句與句之間、段與段之間恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用一些承上啟下的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)是特別必要的。中學(xué)階段應(yīng)當(dāng)駕馭的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)歸納如下：一、表示起始關(guān)系的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)aboveall，tobegin/startwith，today，now，nowadays，atpresent，currently，recently，generallyspeaking，accordingto，withthedevelopmentof等。①Accordingtothegraph,thebox-officeincomeofChinesefilmsincreasedconstantlyfrom2012to2015.(2024·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))②Tobeginwith,thefinalexamofthistermisaroundthecorner,soIambusypreparingforit.(2024·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))二、表示時(shí)間依次的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)firstly，firstofall，then，later，intheend，finally，atlast，afterthat，afterwards，sincethen，meanwhile，atthesametime，soon，next，allofasudden，attheweekend，inthemeantime等。①Severaldayslater,whenthevideowasplayedonthegraduationceremony,itwaswellreceived.(2024·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))②Firstly,Iamexpectedtoknowaboutthepolitelanguagerelatedtomyservice.Secondly,Iamtryingtoacquiretheessentialknowledgeandskillsconcerningmyposition.(2024·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))三、表示并列關(guān)系的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)and，or，also，aswellas，both...and...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，either...or...，not...but...等。①CinemashavegraduallygivenwaytotheriseoftheInternetandcellphones,andtheticketpriceisontheincrease.(2024·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))②EverydayIspendsometimetakingexercise,learningorderkeepingaswellasemergencysolvingsoastogetreadyfortheupcomingevent.(2024·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))四、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)but，yet，however，while，otherwise，onthecontrary，though，although，evenif/though，despite，inspiteof，regardlessof，ontheotherhand，exceptfor，insteadof，contraryto等。①However,thefilmmarketmaywitnessaslowdowninthenearfuture.(2024·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))②Inspiteofthelarge-scaleconstructionofroadsandhighways,thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement,becauseoftheeverincreasingnumberofcarstheseyears.(江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))五、表示因果關(guān)系的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)because，as，since，for，thanksto，dueto，asaresultof，so，therefore，asaresult/consequence等。①Therefore,thefilmindustryshouldmakegreatereffortstoattractmoreviewers.(2024·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))②So,pleasespendsometimetakingabrieflookatthehistoryoftheTangDynasty.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))六、表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)what'smore，furthermore，moreover，besides，what'sworse，stillless，tomakemattersworse，worsestill，ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...，foronething...foranotherthing...等。①M(fèi)oreover,withthestadiumsetup,awiderangeofsportseventsareabletobeheld,ofwhichping-pongandfootball,aswellasrunningcompetitionsenjoygreatpopularity.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))②What'smore,wecanalsoholdapicnicpartywiththelocalpeople.(2024·浙江高考書(shū)面表達(dá))七、表示列舉事實(shí)的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)suchas，forexample/instance，take...forexample，thatistosay，namely，asfollows，inotherwords等。①Firstly,thereareallkindsofactivitiesintheteam,suchas learningthebasicskillsandspeakingaboutexperience.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))②Theplanforthedayisasfollows:Firstly,it'sacustomtohavedumplingsonthatday,sowe'llmakedeliciousdumplingswithourownhandsratherthanbuysomeforthem.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ滿分作文)八、表示觀點(diǎn)的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)inmyopinion，inmyview，frommypointofview，asfarasIamconcerned，asforme，personally等。①Personally,IpreferthetouralongtheYangtzeRiver,thelongestriverinChinaandoneofthemotherriversofChinesecivilization.(2024·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))②AsfarasI'mconcerned,allourclassmateshavelearnedalotfromourcommunicationandthevariousactivities.(天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))九、表示總結(jié)的過(guò)渡(連接)性詞語(yǔ)inshort，inbrief，inconclusion，ina/oneword，tosumup，insummary，allinall，onthewhole，ingeneral等。①I(mǎi)nbrief,doastheChinesedowheninChina.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))②Allinall,Isincerelyinviteyoutocometoourschoolandseeforyourself.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))Ⅰ.用過(guò)渡詞匯補(bǔ)全句子1．Besides/In_addition/What's_more/Moreover(況且),theInternetmakessurveyingandvotingeasyandconvenient,regardless_of(不管)timeandspace.(江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))2．First_of_all/To_begin_with(首先),themostsignificantthingistosetagoal,workoutaplanandcarryouttheplanstepbystep.3．Ilostmywayintheforestandtomakemattersworse/worsestill(更糟的是),itgotdark.4．On_the_one_hand(一方面),theycansweepthetombsforthedead.On_the_other_hand(另一方面),theycangoforawalkinthecountryinspringwhenthegrasshasjustturnedgreen.5．In_a_word/In_conclusion/In_short/In_brief(總之),successisimportant,andsoisfailure,becauseit'sthemotherofsuccess.Ⅱ.閱讀下面短文，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)填空Aaboveall，besides，meanwhile，foronething，foranotherthing，personally，inawordRecently,ithasbeenagreatpublicconcernthatthestudentslackself-protectionawareness.Thereisalackofsocialexperienceamongstudentsandthereforelearninghowtoprotectourselvesisofgreatsignificancetousall.1.For_one_thing,_securitycomesfirst.Withoutsecurity,wecanachievenothingandcannotliveuptoparents'expectations.2.For_another_thing,_protectingourselvescontributestothehealthydevelopmentofthestudents,whichisassociatedwiththehappinessofeveryfamily.3.Meanwhile,_italsohelpstobuildamoreharmonioussociety.4．Personally,_inordertoprotectusstudents,5.above_all,_weshouldstrengthenoursecurityawareness.6.Besides,_whenaccidentsoccur,weshouldcalmdownandturntoteachersorparentsforhelp.Thegovernmentalsoplaysaleadingroleinprotectingstudents.7.In_a_word,_onlybythecombinedeffortsofeverysideinvolvedcanweliveandstudyinharmony.Binmyopinion，aswell，onconditionthat，asweallknow，ontheotherhand，especially，soIt'sinspiringthatanumberofstudentswillbeadmittedtocollegesfreeofchargethisyear1.on_condition_thattheymustworkasteachersintheirownprovinceformorethantenyears.Iwouldliketobeoneofthesespecialstudents.2．In_my_opinion,_receivinganeducationlikethatwouldreducetheexpensesandenableustomakecontributions3.as_welltoourcountry'seducationcareer.4.As_we_all_know,_fewerandfewerpeoplearewillingtobeteachersbecauseofthelowpayandhardwork,5.especiallyinthepoorareas.Itwillbedangerousforthedevelopmentofteenagersandchildreninourcountry.6.Soit'snecessarythatlargenumbersofgraduatesofhighqualitydevotethemselvestotheeducationcareer.7.On_the_other_hand,_teachingwillbeavaluableexperienceanditwillmakeourlivesmeaningful.So,let'sapplyforthatandtryourbesttomakecontributionsto theeducationofourcountry.Ceq\x(therefore，although，besides，what'smore)(2024·江蘇高考范文片段)IprefertheschooluniformtothetraditionalChinesedressatthewelcomeceremonynextmonth.AlthoughthetraditionalChinesedressmaylookmorebeautifulandstylish,itisalittlebitstrangetowalkaroundinit.Wefeelateaseinourschooluniformseveryday.What's_more,_thetraditionalChinesedresscan'treflecttheuniquecultureofourschool.Fromthedesignandcolourofouruniforms,theBritishfriendswilllearnmoreaboutourschool.Besides,_thechoiceofthetraditionalChinesedressmeansextramoney,andextratime,forwehavetochangeitbackaftertheevent.Therefore,_theschooluniformsareabetterchoicethanthetraditionalChinesedressforsuchanoccasion.Ⅲ.用增加適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡語(yǔ)的方式修改如下習(xí)作下面這篇學(xué)生習(xí)作多用簡(jiǎn)潔句表達(dá)，它們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系模糊不清，意思支離破裂。請(qǐng)你合理運(yùn)用過(guò)渡詞，將簡(jiǎn)潔句合并，形成主次關(guān)系，把句中困難的內(nèi)容和關(guān)系表達(dá)得層次清晰、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。TVandWebsiteTVandwebsitearepopularmedia.Theyhavesomethingincommon.Bothofthemmakemoneyfromads.Websitesalsohavedifferentsections.Youmaychoosetheoneyouaremostinterestedin.Theyaredifferentinmanyways.MovingpicturesareshownonTVwithsoundandinterpretation.Itmakesyoufeelthatyouarejustonthespot.Theprogramschangeeveryday.ProfessionalTVreportersdothereportforTV.Someinformationonwebsiteschangesallthetime.Notallofitissoupdated.Everybodycanwritearticlesforwebsitesratherthanprofessionalreporters.Everymediumhasitsownfeatures.Itishardtosaywhichoneisbetter.修改后的文章：參考答案：TVandWebsiteBothTVandwebsitearepopularmedia.Theyhavesomethingincommon;thatis,bothofthemmakemoneyfromads.SimilartoTV,websitesalsohavedifferentsections,sothatyoumaychoosetheoneyouaremostinterestedin.However,theyaredifferentinmanyways.Aboveall,movingpicturesareshownonTVwithsoundandinterpretation,whichmakesyoufeelasifyouarejustonthespot.Then,theprogramschangeeverydayandprofessionalTVreportersdothereportforTV.UnlikeTV,someinformationonwebsiteschangesallthetime,butnotallofitissoupdated.Inaddition,everybodycanwritearticlesforwebsitesratherthanprofessionalreporters.Inaword,everymediumhasitsownfeatures,soitishardtosaywhichoneisbetter.第五講如何寫(xiě)主題句進(jìn)行讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)型寫(xiě)作時(shí)，因?yàn)椤皩?xiě)作內(nèi)容”所列要點(diǎn)的依次已具有內(nèi)在的邏輯性，所以考生依據(jù)所給內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)依次寫(xiě)作即可，無(wú)需重新調(diào)整。一般是每個(gè)寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)支配一段，且將寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容的每個(gè)要點(diǎn)作為各段的主題句，放在句首。這樣既符合英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣，又可以避開(kāi)寫(xiě)作時(shí)跑題或漏掉要點(diǎn)，并且層次分明，便利閱卷老師落實(shí)要點(diǎn)是否齊全。當(dāng)然，假如所給要點(diǎn)之間有特別緊密的聯(lián)系，也可以支配在同一段內(nèi)?？偨Y(jié)近幾年江蘇高考真題和各地市模擬題，主題句模式可歸納為如下幾種：一、干脆翻譯對(duì)不含提問(wèn)性質(zhì)的要點(diǎn)，一般將其譯成英語(yǔ)即可，必要時(shí)可增加關(guān)聯(lián)詞。例如：1．其他督促學(xué)生細(xì)致學(xué)習(xí)的方法。However,thereareotherwaystomakestudentsworkhard.2．中學(xué)生活和高校生活的差別。Frommypointofview,thecollegelifewillbedifferentfromthelifeinhighschool.二、回答要點(diǎn)主題句對(duì)要點(diǎn)提問(wèn)做出明確回答。例如：1．學(xué)生的壓力來(lái)源是什么？Nowadays,studentsareundergreatpressure,whichmainlycomesfromtheirschoolworkaswellaspeerrelationship.2．在小孩幾歲的時(shí)候教他們理財(cái)？用什么形式理財(cái)？Ithinkfivetosixisanappropriateagetobeginteachingchildrenmoneymanagementskills.Parentsmayaccompanytheirchildrentothebankandhelpthemopenanaccountinwhichtheycansavetheirluckymoney.三、明確觀點(diǎn)對(duì)帶有一般問(wèn)句性質(zhì)，要求考生做出確定或否定回答的要點(diǎn)，考生要明確表示支持還是反對(duì)、贊同還是不贊同、應(yīng)當(dāng)還是不應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)?，或表明?huì)不會(huì)做某事。例如：1．你是否也埋怨過(guò)父母。Asforme,Ialwayscomplainaboutmyparents'highexpectationonmeandtheirignoringmyrealfeelings.2．你是否贊同狼爸式的教化，并陳述你的理由。PersonallyIdisapproveofwhatisadvocatedinthebookentitled“That'sWhyTheyGotoPekingUniversity”，becauseIwonderwhethertheadmissiontoaprestigiousuniversityhasbecometheonlymarkerofsuccessinmostparents'mind,orrather,afullstoptoparentalduties.四、“重要”表達(dá)假如要點(diǎn)是“談?wù)劇闹匾浴?，主題句則為“……有重要作用”；假如要點(diǎn)是“談?wù)劇泻沃匾饬x”，主題句則為“……很有意義”等。說(shuō)明必要、重要或意義的相關(guān)表達(dá)常用的有：①Weshouldattachmoreimportancetosth.②Itisimportant/significantforsb.todosth.③Sth.playsaveryimportantrole/partin...④Sth.isplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlife.⑤Peoplearecomingtorealizetheimportanceof...⑥Thesignificanceof...cannotbeovervalued.例如：1．談?wù)劒?dú)立的重要性。Inspiredbythestory,Isuddenlyrealizedtheimportanceofindependence.2．談?wù)勗诰o急的狀況下保持冷靜的重要意義。Firstofall,keepingcalminanemergencyisofgreatsignificance.五、表明看法對(duì)“你對(duì)……的看法/看法”之類的寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)，考生可用inmyopinion/view,personally,asfarasI'mconcerned等開(kāi)頭，干脆表明自己的看法。例如：1．你對(duì)父母溺愛(ài)孩子的看法。Inmyopinion,overprotectionandtoomuchcareareextremelybadforchildren'sdevelopment.2．你對(duì)高校擴(kuò)招的看法。AsfarasI'mconcerned,thistendencyshouldbecontinued,asweneedmorecapablepeopletocontributetothefast-growingeconomy.六、引出經(jīng)驗(yàn)由別人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)引出自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)可用以下句型來(lái)表達(dá)：①I(mǎi)tremindsmeofthetimewhen...②Itremindsmeofanaccidentwhichhappenedseveraldaysago.③Afterreadingthestoryabove,Irecalltheexperienceofmyfriendwho...④Thestoryaboveremindsmeofoneofmyexperiences...例如：1．講解并描述一次你(或你的摯友)想家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和起因)。Sam'sstoryremindsmeofmysimilarexperience.2．你(或你同學(xué))的一次車(chē)禍經(jīng)驗(yàn)。Ialsoexperiencedasimilarcaraccident.依據(jù)所給要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)出段落的主題句1．要點(diǎn)：發(fā)脾氣的害處。As_we_know,_getting_angry_not_only_does_harm_to_one's_health_but_also_has_a_bad_effect_on_the_relationship_between_people.2．要點(diǎn)：我們能以木匠建房的看法去對(duì)待我們的生活嗎？In_no_way_should_we_treat_our_life_in_the_way_like_the_carpenter.3．要點(diǎn)：作為校方應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)行哪些措施避開(kāi)此類悲劇(校內(nèi)平安問(wèn)題)的發(fā)生。More_lectures_should_be_held_on_safety_to_enhance_students'_awareness_of_the_issue.4．要