2023年北京市朝陽區(qū)高三英語二?？荚嚱馕?/h1>

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北京市朝陽區(qū)高三年級第二學期質(zhì)量檢測二

英語

第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題海小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在

答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Mysonwasbornwithbreathingdifficulties,sohehadtostayinNICU,thehospitalunitfornewbornsneeding

intensivecare.Therehecouldonlybefedthroughatube.Ihatedthetube.ThelovelydreamsIhadofnursingmy

babywereentirely1

Onthefifthday,I2aboutthetube,sayingthatIwantedtofeedhimwithabottle.Thedoctorsagreedto

letmetry.Myson'sfeedingswouldbecloselyrecordedtoseeifhewasabletoget3milkintakewithoutthe

tube.Aftereighteenhours,itwasdeterminedhecouldnotdothatandthetubewasback.Thismeanthewasn'tgetting

Strenger.The4fellsodark.

SeatedoutsidetheNICU,Istartedcrying.Justthen,ayoungnursecameandsatbesideme.WhenIhad5

mysorrowalittle,shehandedmeaTissueandaskedifIwantedtotalk.Iaskedagainifwecouldremovethetube.

Thenursereplied,44Nottoday.Butremember,tomorrowisanewday.”

Sheseemedmuchyoungerthanme,butherwordswere6andhope-filled,andIheldontothem.I

rememberedheradviceandrepeatedittomyselfmultipletimesaday.Thenursechangedmyperspectiveawayfrom

current7toseethehopeoftomorrow.Gradually,thingsstartedto8.Ondayeight,mysondrankhalf

ofhismilkwithoutthetube.Ondayten,thedoctorsapprovedtakingoffthetube9"Tomorrow"came.Itjust

cameafewdayslaterthanexpected.Ondayfifteen,wewerereleasedfromthehospital,andmyson“graduated”

fromtheNICU.

WhatIlearnedfromthatnursewastolookbeyondtodayandthesufferingofitandtoconsidertomorrow

with10.Afterall,tomorrowisanewday.

1.A.controlledB.destroyedC.questionedD.recalled

2.A.protestedB.wonderedC.forgotD.warned

3.A.maximumB.restrictedC.sufficientD.additional

4.A.plotB.spotC.atmosphereD.situation

5.A.sparedB.containedC.sharedD.exhibited

6.A.wiseB.plainC.familiarD.sharp

7.A.mistakesB.dreainsC.challengesD.doubts

8.A.goawayB.lookupC.makesenseD.fallapart

9.A.frequentlyB.slightlyC.completelyD.occasionally

10.A.intentionB.imaginationC.urgeD.faith

【答案】l.B2.A3.C4,D5.B6.A7.C8.B9.C10.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的兒子由于呼吸困難，必須呆在新生兒重癥監(jiān)護病房(NICU),作

者感到很難過，一位護士的話讓她改變了觀點，從挑戰(zhàn)中看到了希望。作者領悟到明天又是新的一天。

【1題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我照顧孩子的美好夢想被徹底摧毀了。A.controlled控制；B.destroyed破壞，

摧毀;C.questioned詢問,質(zhì)疑：D.recalled回憶。根據(jù)"Mysenwasbomwithbreathingdifficulties,sohe

hadI。stayinNICU”可知，由于孩子住在重癥監(jiān)護室，作者照顧孩子的夢想被摧毀了。故選B。

【2題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在第五天，我對使用管子提出抗議，說我想用奶瓶喂他。A.protested抗議，反

對；B.wondered想知道;C.forgot忘記；D.warned警告。根據(jù)"Ihatedthetube.”和“sayingthatIwanted

tofeedhimwithabottle.M可知，此處表示作者反對用管子給孩子進食。故選A。

【3題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我兒子的喂食會被密切記錄下來，看看他是否能在沒有管子的情況下攝入足

夠的牛奶。A.maximum最大的;B.restricted受限制的:C.sufficient足夠的;D.additional額外的，附加

的。根據(jù)下文“Ondayeight,mysondrankhalfofhismilkwithoulthetube.”可知,此處記錄孩子的喂食情

況，看看是否在沒有管子的情況下能攝入足夠的牛奶。故選C。

【4題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：情況讓人感覺很黑暗。A.plot故事情節(jié)；B.spot地點,場所；C.atmosphere大

氣,氛圍:D.situation情況，形勢。根據(jù)"Aftereighteenhours,:twasdeterminedhecouldnotdothatandthe

tubewasback.”可知，又重新用上了管子，說明情況不是很好。故選D。

【5題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我稍稍克制住自己的悲傷時，她遞給我一張紙巾，問我是否想談談。A.

spared抽出,勻出；B.contained包含,控制;C.shared分享；D.exhibited展覽,展出。根據(jù)“Seated

outside〔heNICU,1startedcrying.”以及“askedifIwantedtotalk.”可知，此處指稍微控制下情緒。故選

Bo

【6題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她看起來比我年輕得多，但她的話充滿智慧和希望，我牢牢記住了。A.wise

明智的:B.plain普通的;C.智miliar熟悉的;D.sharp尖銳的。艱據(jù)“hope-filled"和"Irememberedher

adviceandrepealedittomyselfmultiplelimesaday.”可知，作者認為那位護士的話充滿智慧和希望。故選

Ao

【7題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：護士改變了我的觀點，讓我從當前的挑戰(zhàn)中看到了明天的希望。A.mistakes錯

誤；B.drcams夢想；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.doubts懷疑。根據(jù)6tolookbeyondtodayandthesufferingofit”

可知，此處指當前的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。

【8題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意：漸漸地，情況開始好轉(zhuǎn)。A.goaway離開；B.lookup改善，查閱；C.make

sense有道理,有意義;D.fallapart崩潰。tSJBaOndayeight,mysondrankhalfofhismilkwithoutthe

lube.”可知，孩子的情況開始有所改善。故選B。

【9題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：第十天時，醫(yī)生同意完全取下管子。A.frequently經(jīng)常地；B.slighlly輕微地；

C.completely完全地;D.occasionally偶爾地。根據(jù)"Ondayeight,mysondrankhalfofhismilkwithoutthe

tube.”和“"Tomorrow”came.”可知,醫(yī)生同意完全取下管子。故選C。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從那位護士身上學到的是，要超越今天和今天的苦難，用信心去考慮明天。

A.intention意圖，打算；B.imagination想象力；C.urge沖動,強烈的欲望；D.faith信心，信任。根據(jù)

“butherwordswere6andhope-filled”和“toseethehopeoftomorrow.v可知,作者學到要對明天充

滿信心,故選D。

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題L5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅埴寫?個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

AsavariantofAmericanfootballflagfootballisatypeofsportinwhichaplayermustremoveaflagbeltfrom

theballcarriertoendadown.Thefirstruleofthegameisthatcontac:11playersisnotpermitted.Recently,

it12(gain)greatpopularityinChinaamongyoungpeople.It'sengagingandridiculouslyfun.That'swhy

thepercentageofpeople13(join)aflagfboiballclubthroughonlinechannelshasrisentoanewhighlevel.

【答案】11.between

12.hasgained

13.joining

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了奪旗橄欖球在中國年輕人中很受歡迎。

[11題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：比賽的第一條規(guī)則是球員之間不允許有身體接觸。表示“在兩者之間”應用介詞

between0故填between<,

【12題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：最近，它在中國年輕人中很受歡迎。根據(jù)時間狀語“recently”可知，使用現(xiàn)在完成

時，主語為it,助動詞用has。故填hasgained。

【13題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：這就是為什么通過在線渠道加入奪旗橄欖球俱樂部的人的比例上升到一個新的高

度。分析句子結構可知，已有謂語動詞hasrisen,空處需填非謂語動詞作定語，people和join為邏輯主謂

關系，需填現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填joining。

B

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫I個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

OldConnections,atelecommunicationsmuseuminSeattle,withaworkingexchangefromthe

1940s.14(show)howtelephonesbroughtustogether,butalsotoreusapart.Perhapsitshouldnot

be15(sumrise)thattheInternethasbroughtwithitanewwaveofhorrificdestructiveness.Historyitselfis

akindofradioprogramme,broadcasttousinfrequenciesthatbecomeharder(oreceiveasweforgetiheoldways.

Butaslongaswekeeptheancientexchangesrunning,wehaveawaytorememberandunderstand16we

comefrom.

【答案】14shows15.surprising16.where

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章以西雅圖的電信博物館“舊連接”一臺從20世紀40年代就開始運作的交

換機引入話題，告訴我們要保留占老的交流方式。

【14題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：西雅圖的電信博物館“舊連接”(OldConnections)擁有一臺從20世紀40年代就開

始運作的交換機，它展示了電話是如何讓我們走到一起的，但也讓我們分開了。此處陳述客觀事實，使用

一般現(xiàn)在時，主語OkiConnections是專有名詞，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填shows。

【15題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來了一波可怕的破壞性浪潮，也許這并不奇怪?？仗幮杼钚稳菰~作表語，修

飾后文提到的事情，需用-ing結尾的形容詞。故填surprising。

【16題詳解】

考查賓語從句。句意：但只要我們保持這種古老的交流，我們就有辦法記住和理解我們來自哪里?？仗幰?/p>

導賓語從句，句子缺少地點副詞，用連接副詞where引導。故填where。

C

閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫I個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處

用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。

WangDakang,aged88,isamodeloflifelonglearning.Inthe1980s,hewasthefirst

person17(accomplish)aroundtripofChinausingonlyabicycle.Toeditthisexperienceintohisbook,

Wangdecidedtogotocollege.At(heageof61,he18(admit)intocollege,majoringinjournalism.By2012,

hehadcompletedthreemajorsincollege.Atpresent,WanglivesinLeshan,wherehespendshisdaysfollowing

carefully19(plan)routines.Hisstudystartsat6ameverymorning,during20hereadsandtakes

notesfromnewspapers.Wangsaid,“ThereissomuchtolearnandIwillcontinuelearninguntiltheveryend.”

【答案】17.Ioaccomplish18wasadmitted19.planned20.which

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了騎游中國的王大康的人生經(jīng)歷。

【17題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：在20世紀80年代，他是第一個只用自行車完成中國往返旅行的人。名詞person

前面有thefirst修飾，需填動詞不定式作后置定語。故填toaccomplisho

【18題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：61歲時，他被大學錄取了，主修新聞專業(yè)。此處陳述過去發(fā)生的事

情，使用一般過去時，beadmittedinto為固定短語,意為“被...錄取"，主語為he,be動詞用was。故

填wasadmitted?

【19題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：目前，土住在樂山，在那里他每天都按照精心安排的bl程生活?？仗幮杼罘侵^語

動詞作定語，修飾名詞roulines,二者為邏輯動賓關系，需填過去分詞形式。故填planned。

【20題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：他每天早上6點開始學習，在此期間他閱讀并從報紙上做筆記?？仗幰龑Х窍拗菩?/p>

定語從句，先行詞是前面的句子，在定語從句中作介詞during的賓語，需用關系代詞which引導。故填

which,,

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）

第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分，共28分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該

項涂黑。

A

ColumbiaEngineering'sSummerHighSchoolAcademicProgramforEngineers（SHAPE）isaselectivepre-

collcgcprogramforhighschoolstudentsandrecentgraduates.SHAPEistailoredforstudentswithagiftfor

STEM:science,technology,engineering,andmathematics.Each3-weeksessionofferscollege-level,project-based

coursesinengineeringtaughtbycelebratedprofessorsattheuniversily.

SHAPEgivesstudentsamorerealisticpictureofwhatitmeanstobeanengineer,anditsprofessional

developmentcomponentshelpstudentsdeveloptheskillstheyneedtogetthere.

Courses

SHAPEfeaturescreativeproblem-solvingcoursesandexposesstudentstoinnovativeengineeringtechniques

andknowledgepresentedbyprofessors.PleasenotethatSHAPEdoesnotprovidecollegecredit.

Studentsgainaccessto（hefamousMakerSpaceandsUile-of-the-ariresearchlaboratoriesaftercompletingthe

safetytrainingandwillonlydosoundercloseguidance.

SHAPEalsoprovidesstudentswithworkshopstoexplorecareerfields,professionaldevelopment,and

guidanceonsharpeningone'scollegeapplicationfromadmissionsofficers.Studentsintheprogramwillbevisiting

companiesandorganizationsthatshowtheclassroomcontentinpractice.

Application

Studentsareselectedbasedonthefollowingcriteria:

1.Strongacademicrecord

2.PersonalstatementtodemonstrateexcitementandinterestinSTEMthroughengagementinchallenging

courses,activities,projects,etc.

3.Enthusiasticletterofrecommendationsubmittedbyamathorscienceteacher

4.Creativeresponsestotworequiredquestionsandoneofthethreeoptionalquestions

WeencourageallstudentstoapplybytheprioritydeadlineofJune15,2023,sothereisnoapplicationfee.

Aftertheprioritydeadline,a$50applicationfeeisrequired.

SHAPEisdedicatedtosupportingstudentsandtheirfamiliesinneedoffinancialassistance.Wcoffera

limitednumberofneed-basedscholarships,whichcoverthefullcostofSHAPE.Tobeconsideredforaneed-based

scholarship,familieswillneedtoprovidearecentpayreceiptandcompleteaFamilyIncomeandExpense

Worksheet.

Email:shape@formoreinformation.

21.WhatcanwelearnaboutSHAPE?

A.ItsuitsstudentstalentedinSTEM.B.ItshowstheprocedureoflearningSTEM.

C.Itservesasthestartofstudcnts,collegelife.D.Itgivesstudentschancestoworkwithengineers.

22.InSHAPE,studentscan_______.

A.befreetoexploretheMakcrSpaccB.camcollegecreditforfuturestudy

C.putschoolknowledgeintopracticeD.beequippedwithskillsforengineering

23.TosecureaplaceinSHAPE,studentsneedto

A.showtheirfamilyfinancialstateB.answerallthegivenquestions

C.payapplicationfeesbeforedeadlineD.provetlicirlearningcapability

【答案】21.A22.D23.D

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇應用文.文章主要介紹了一項針對高中生和應屆畢業(yè)生的選擇性大學預科課程：

SHAPE。介紹了其課程特色以及申請要求。

[21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SHAPEistailoredforstudentswithagiftforSTEM:science,technology,

engineering,andmathematics.（SHAPE是為具有STEM：科學、技術.工程和數(shù)學天賦的學生量身定制的）”

可知，SHAPE適合在STEM領域有天賦的學生。故選A。

【22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“SHAPEgivesstudentsamorerealisticpictureofwhatitmeanstobeanengineer,and

itsprofessionaldevelopmentcomponentshelpstudentsdeveloptheskillstheyneedtogetthere.（SHAPE讓學生對

成為一名工程師意味著什么有了一個更現(xiàn)實的認識，它的專業(yè)發(fā)展部分幫助學生發(fā)展他們到達那里所需的

技能）”可知，在SHAPE,學生可以掌握工程技能。故選D。

【23題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Application部分中“PersonalstatementtodemonstrateexcitementandinterestinSTEM

throughengagementinchallengingcourses,activities,projects,etc.（個人陳述，通過參與具有挑戰(zhàn)性的課程、活

動、項目等，展示對STEM的興奮和興趣）”可知，申請條件中需要學生陳述自己參加過的有挑戰(zhàn)性的課

程、活動、項目，這能證明自己的學習能力，由此可知，為了在SHAPE獲得一席之地，學生需要證明自

己的學習能力。故選D。

B

Ilostmylegtocancerat30.Myfirsttripoutofthehouseasaone-leggedwomanwouldbetoseeasickfriend

inhospitalwithmymom.

AsImademywaythroughthehospital,Iwaspreparedforlooksofcuriosity,sympathy,andevenshock.But

onethingshookmetoadepthIhadneverexperiencedbefore.Twokidswereplayinginthehallway.AsIpassedby

onmycrutches（拐杖），theylookedupatme,andsuddenly,thelittleboypointedatme.“Lookatthatlady^^^It

seemedthathewasshoutingloudenoughfbrtheentirehospitaltohear."Sheonlyhasoneleg!Doesn'tthatlook

funny?^^

Bothofthekidsburstintolaughter.Headsturned,andIfeltthebloodrushtomyface.Iputmyheaddownand

rushedoutasfastasIdaredonmycrutches.Iheldmytearsbackuntilthecardoorclosed.AsIfellintotheseats,I

cried,“Howcouldtheythinkthisisfunny?''

Mymomtriedherbesttocomfortme,UIloney,theyarejustkids.Theydon'tknowanybetter.^^Theywerejust

kids,butthatdidnotexcusetheirrudebehavior.Ifeltawaveofbelieffloodthroughme.IknewwhatIhadtodo.

“Well,someonehastoteachthem!”Isaid.AndIknewthatsomeonewouldbeme.

WhenIwaswellenough,Istartedtovisitelementaryschoolsandtalktochildrenaboutbeingdifferent.Iwas

leachingchildrentoberespectfulofpeoplewhoaredifferent,andteaching（hempeoplecomeinallshapes,colors

andsizesandweareeachspecialandunique.

Speakingtochildrenwasjustthebeginningforme.Ibecameaninspirationalspeakerandauthorandlearned

thatbeinggratefulfbralltheremainingpartsofmewastheonlywaytostartandendmyday.Isharedmystoryin

mybookcalled1AmChoosingtoSmile.1do,indeed,choosetosmile.Wakingupeverymorning,1lookdownatmy

onefootandsaywithallsincerity,t4Goodmorning,fivetoes.Pmverygladtoseeyou!”

24.Wha（shockedtheauthorinthehospital?

A.Thecuriouslookaboyhad.B.Thewordsaboyshoutedout.

CThegametheboyswereplaying.D.Thesympathytheboysexpressed.

25.Howdid（heexperienceinihehospitalchange（heauthor?

A.Shefoundthepurposeofherlife.

B.Shebegantorealizeherdifference.

C.Sheunderstoodkids'characteristics.

D.Shelearnedtheimportanceofrespect.

26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Patient.B.Brave.C.Intelligent.D.Caring.

【答案】24.B25.A26.B

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者因癌癥失去了一條腿，在有一次去醫(yī)院看望一位生病的朋友

時，作者受到了一個孩子的嘲笑，作者的媽媽告訴作者需要有人來教這些孩子不能嘲笑別人的殘疾，后來

作者開始訪問小學，教孩子們要尊重不一樣的人，后來作者成為了一名鼓舞人心的演說家和作家。

【24題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“ButonethingshookmetoadepthIhadneverexperiencedbefore.Twokidswere

playinginthehallway.AsIpassedbyonmycrutches（拐杖），theylookedupatme,andsuddenly,thelittleboy

pointedatme."Lookatthatlady!”Itseemedthathewasshoutingloudenoughfbrtheentirehospitaltohear."She

onlyhasoneleg!Doesn'tthatlookfunny?"（但有一件事讓我感到前所未有的震驚。兩個孩子在走廊里玩。當

我拄著拐杖走過時，他們抬頭看著我，突然，那個小男孩指著我?！翱茨俏慌?！”他的叫聲似乎大到整

個醫(yī)院都能聽到。“她只有一條腿！”看起來是不是很有趣？”廣可知，在醫(yī)院時，讓作者虐驚的是一個

男孩喊出來的話，故選瓦

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的"IknewwhatIhadtodo."Well,someonehastoteachthem!”Isaid.AndI

knewthatsomeonewouldbeme.（我知道我該怎么做?！班?，總得有人教他們！"我說。我知道那個人就是

我。）”和最后——段的aSpeakingtochildrenwasjust（hebeginningforme.Ibecameaninspirationalspeakerand

authorandlearnedthatbeinggratefulforalltheremainingpartsofmewastheonlywaytostartandendmy

day.（對我來說，對孩子們講話只是個開始。我成為了一名鼓舞人心的演說家和作家，并學會了對自己剩下

的部分心存感激，這是開始和結束一天的唯一方式。）”可知，在醫(yī)院的經(jīng)歷使作者找到了自己的人生目

標，故選A。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的"IsharedmystoryinmybookcalledIAmChoosingtoSmile.Ido,indeed,

choosetosmile.Wakingupeverymorning,Ilookdownatmyonefootandsaywithallsincerity,uGoodmorning,

fivetoes.Tmverygladtoseeyou!”］我在我的書《我選擇微笑》中分享了我的故事。我的確選擇微笑。每天

早上醒來，我低頭看著我的一只腳，真誠地說：“早上好，五個腳趾。我很高興見到你！“)”可知，作者

勇敢地面對自己的缺陷，因此他是勇敢的，故選B。

C

ResearchersfromaU.K.plantresearchinstitutehave(bundaway(oprovideplantswithanantibody-based

defenseforaspecificthreat,potentiallyspeedingthecreationofcropsresistantioanykindofemergir.gvirus,or

bacterium(細菌).Thestrategyis(oinoculateaproteinfromtheplantpathogen(病原體)tobetargetedtoacamel

orothercamelrelatives,purifytheunusuallysmallantibodiesthecamelsproduce,andengineerthecorresponding

genesectionforthemintoaplant'sownimmunegene.

Farmerslosemanybillionsofcollarstoplantdiseaseseachyear,andemergingpathogensposenewthreatsto

foodsecurityinthedevelopingworld.Plantshaveevolvedtheirownimmunesystem,kick-startedbycellreceptors

thatrecognizegeneralpathogenfeatures,suchasabacterialcellwall,aswellasintracellularreceptorsfor

molecules(分子)producedbyspecificpathogens.Ifaplantcelldetectsthesemolecules,itmaytriggeritsown

deathtosavetherestoftheplant.Butplantpathogensoftenevolveandescapefromthosereceptors.

Along-standingdreaminplantbiotechnologyistocreatedesignerdiseaseresistancegenesthatcouldbe

producedasfastaspathogensemerge.Oneapproachistoeditthegeneforaplantimmunereceptor,changingthe

protein'sshapetorecognizeaparticularpathogenicmolecule.

Instead,SophienKamoun,amolecularbiologistattheSainsburyLaboratory,andhiscolleaguesusedan

animalimmunesystemtohelpmake(hereceptoradjustments.Duringaninfectionwithanewpathogen,animals

producebillionsofslightlydifferentantibodies,ultimatelyselectingandmass-producingthosethatbesttargetthe

virus.

Camelids,whichincludecamels,areworkhorsesforantibodydesignbecausetheirimmunesystemscreate

unusuallysmallversions,callednano-bodics.Asaproofofprincipleofthenewplantdefensestrategy,Kamoun's

groupturnedtotwostandardcamelidnano-bodiesthatrecognizetwodifferentmolecules,includingonecalled

greenfluorescentprotein(GFP),(odelecttestviruses,inthiscaseapotatovirus,engineeredtomake(he

fluorescentproteins.Theyinvestigatedhowwellplantswiththenanc-body-enhancedreceptorsdetectedthe

changedpotatoviruses.Itwasfoundthattheplantsincreasedanactiveimmuneresponseandexperiencedalmost

noviralreproduction.

“Theexcitingpartaboutthistechnologyisthatwehavethepotentialofmade-to-orderresistancegenesand

keepingupwithapathogen,“Kamounsays."Thistechnologyisapotentialgamechanger,“saysJeffDangl.aplant

researcherattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.KseniaKrasileva,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifcmia,

Berkeley,saysthemixtureofnano-bodieswithplantimmunereceptorsopensupavastbodyofbiomedical

knowledgeforplantscientists.tkWccannowdigintoallofthatresearchandtranslateittosavecrops.^^

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inoculate“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Compare.B.Restore.C.Introduce.D.Label.

28.Wha（isthemainpurposeofParagraph2?

A.Toillustratethefunctionofcellsinsavingtheplant.

B.Toexplainhowtostrengthenplantreceptorseffectively.

C.Todemonstratethesolutionstofarmers'annualheavylosses.

D.Torevealwhyplantsfailtohandleconstantly-updateddiseases.

29.Whatcanwclearnfromthepassage?

A.Editingplantreceptorsistomatchtheshapeofpathogens.

B.Nano-bodiescanhelpplantscatchupwithpathogenchanges.

C.Plantsselectthebestantibodiesfromanimalstofightviruses.

D.Plantswithnano-bodiesrespondactivelyinmassiveviruscopying.

30.Accordingtothepassage,scientistswill.

A.applytheoutcomeintherealworld

B.provethefindingsofresistancegenes

C.identifysimilarmeanstofightdiseases

D.seekmoresupportforthenewstrategy

【答案】27.C28.D29.B30.A

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了英國一家植物研究所的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種方法，可以為植物提供

一種基于抗體的防御機制，以抵御一種特定的威脅，這可能會加速作物對任何新出現(xiàn)的病毒或細菌的抗性

的產(chǎn)生。

【27題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文aproteinfromtheplantpathogen（病原體）tobetargetedtoacamelorother

camelrelatives,purify（heunusuallysmallantibodiesthecamelsproduce,andengineerthecorrespondinggene

sectionforthemintoaplantsownimmunegene（將植物病原體中的一種蛋白質(zhì)接種到駱駝或其他駱駝親屬，

純化駱駝產(chǎn)生的異常小的抗體，并將其相應的基因片段轉(zhuǎn)化為植物自身的免疫基因）”可知，要純化駱駝產(chǎn)

生的異常小的抗體，并將相應的基因片段設計成植物自身的免疫基因，需要把一種來自植物病原體的蛋白

質(zhì)引入到駱駝或其他駱駝的近親身上，故畫線詞意思是“引入”。故選C。

【28題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段uFarmerslosemanybillionsofdollarstoplantdiseaseseachyear,andemerging

pathogensposenewthreatstofoodsecurityinthedevelopingworld.Plantshaveevolvedtheirownimmune

system,kick-startedbycellreceptorsthatrecognizegeneralpathoger.features,suchasabacterialcellwall,aswell

asintracellularreceptorsformolecules（分子）producedbyspecificpathogens.Ifaplantcelldetectsthese

molecules,itmaytriggeritsowndeathlosavetherestoftheplant.Butplantpathogensoftenevolveandescape

fromchosereceptors.（農(nóng)民每年因植物病害損失數(shù)十億美元，新出現(xiàn)的病原體對發(fā)展中國家的糧食安全構成

r新的威脅。植物已經(jīng)進化出「自己的免疫系統(tǒng)，由識別一般病原體特征（如細菌細胞壁）的細胞受體以

及識別特定病原體產(chǎn)生的分子的細胞內(nèi)受體啟動。如果?個植物細胞檢測到這些分子，它可能會觸發(fā)自己

的死亡，以拯救植物的其余部分。但植物病原體經(jīng)常進化并逃離這些受體）”可推知，第二段的主要目的是

揭示為什么植物不能應對不斷更新的疾病。故選D。

【29題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“"Theexcitingpartaboutthistechnologyisthatwchavethepotentialofmadc-to-

ord^rresistancegenesandkeepingupwithapathogen,Kaniounsays.（Kamoun說：“這項技術令人興奮的部

分是，我們有可能定制抗性基因，并跟上病原體的步伐?！埃笨芍{米體可以幫助植物跟上病原體的變

化。故選B。

【30題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“KseniaKrasileva,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,saysthe

mixtureofnano-bodieswithplantimmunereceptorsopensupavastbodyofbiomedicalknowledgefbrplant

scientists.tkWccannowdigintoallofthatresearchandtranslateittosavecrops."（加州大學伯克利分校的科學家

KseniaKrasileva說，納米體與植物免疫受體的混合為植物科學家開辟了一個龐大的生物醫(yī)學知識體系。

“我們現(xiàn)在可以深入研究所有這些研究，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為拯救作物。“）”可知，科學家將把研究結果應用到

現(xiàn)實世界中。故選A。

D

Superhumanartificialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,soriof.Whenitcomestoplayinggameslikechess

andGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofus.

Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren'tclosetomastering:mindreading.

Humanshaveamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,acrucialskillthatmeanswc

cananticipateotherpeople'sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.Readingmindscomessoeasilytous,though,

thatweoftendon'tthinktospelloutwhatwewant.IfAisaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife—tocooperate

effectivelywithusortounderstandthatachildmightrunintotheroadafterabouncingball—wehavetogivethem

thisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople'sminds.

Psychologistsrefertotheabilitytoinferanother'smentalstateastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thiscapacitystarts

todevelopataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecapabilityinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthe

mainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingfbrarunandyoureply"il'sraining”,

theycanquicklyconclude(hattheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeabout

running,weatherandhumanpreferences.

Moreover,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoemergenaturallyfromone'sownlearning

process.BuildingpriorknowledgeintoAImakesitreliantonourimperfectunderstandingoftheoryofmind.In

addition,AImaybecapableofdevelopingapproacheswccouldneverimagine.Therecanbemanyformsoftheory

ofmindthatwedon'tknowaboutsimplybecauseweliveinahumanbodythathascertaintypesofsensesanda

certainabilitytochink.

YetwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeIbrmoftheoryofmind.Humanscanclearlyexplain(heir

goalsanddesirestoeachotherusingcommonlanguageandideas.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryofmindintheir

learningprocessislikelytoleadtodevelopingmorepowerfulAI.plainlybuildinginsharedwaystorepresent

kncwledgemaybecrucialforhumanstotrustandcommunicatewithAI.

Itisimportanttoremember.【hough,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeoryofmindisaboutmorethanjust