2025高考英語(yǔ)大二輪專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化練高考題型組合練作業(yè)13　人與動(dòng)植物類(lèi)說(shuō)明文

2025高考英語(yǔ)大二輪專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化練高考題型組合練作業(yè)13人與動(dòng)植物類(lèi)說(shuō)明文作業(yè)13人與動(dòng)植物類(lèi)說(shuō)明文A(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%more①productivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，”explainedMichaelStrano，aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina②one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduring③transmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.2．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A．Todetectplants’lackofwater.B．Tochangecompositionsofplants.C．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D．Totestchemicalsinplants.3．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmade④pollution-free?語(yǔ)境猜詞①productive(派)＝product＋ive②one-off(合)＝one＋off③transmission(派)＝transmi(t)＋ssion④pollution-free(合)＝pollution＋freeB(2023·全國(guó)甲)Grizzlybears，whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg，occupyaconflictedcorneroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere(敬畏)themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.Askthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthat①floodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee，andtheiranswerisoftenthesame：agrizzlybear.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange，”saysbearbiologistChrisServheen.Asgrizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven’tbeenseeninacenturyormore，they’reincreasinglybeingsightedbyhumans.ThewesternhalfoftheU．S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame，witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s，aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingbysettlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975，grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.Today，thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheU．S.TheirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthattheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedto②de-listgrizzlies，whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsandallowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswere③overturneddueto④lawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow，grizzliesremainlisted.Obviously，ifprecautions(預(yù)防)aren’ttaken，grizzliescanbecometroublesome，sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodand⑤attractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites，grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean，attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits，”saysJamesJonkel，longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.5．HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?A．Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.B．Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.C．Theyareofhighscientificvalue.D．TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.6．Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?A．TheEuropeansettlers’behavior.B．Theexpansionofbears’range.C．Theprotectionbylawsince1975.D．ThesupportofNativeAmericans.7.WhathasstoppedtheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicefromde-listinggrizzlies?A．Theoppositionofconservationgroups.B．Thesuccessfulcomebackofgrizzlies.C．Thevoiceofthebiologists.D．Thelocalfarmers’advocates.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B．Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C．Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D．Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.語(yǔ)境猜詞①flood熟義：n.洪水，水災(zāi)生義(文義)：v.②de-list(派)＝de＋list③overturn(合)＝over＋turn④lawsuit(合)＝law＋suit⑤attractant(派)＝attract＋antC(2024·江蘇連云港高三二模)Thescienceofwhyinsectsgatheraroundlightsatnighthasneverbeennaileddown.Populartheoriesproposethatmothsandotherinsectsnavigate(確定方向)bythemoonandmistakelampsformoonlight，orthattheinsectsflytowardslighttoescapecomingdanger.Nowresearchersbelievetheyhaveamoreconvincinganswer:contrarytocurrenttheories，insectsarenotattractedtolightfromfaraway，butbecometrappediftheyflyclosetoanartificiallightsource.AccordingtoDrSamFabian，studyco-authorandImperialCollegeLondon①entomologist，mothsandmanyotherinsectsthatflyatnightevolvedtotilt(傾斜)theirbackstowhereverisbrightest.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears，thiswastheskyratherthantheground.Thetricktoldinsectswhichwaywasupandensuredtheyflewlevel.Butthencameartificiallighting.Mothsfoundthemselvestiltingtheirbackstostreetlamps.Thiscausedthemtocirclearoundthelampsendlessly，theinsectstrappedbytheirevolution.Fabianandhiscolleagues②filmedinsectflightpathsaroundlightsinthelab.Thevideosrevealthattimeandagain，mothsanddragonfliesturnedtheirbackstoartificiallights，whichappearedtogreatlychangetheirflightpaths.“Ifthelightisabovethem，theymightstartorbitingit，butifit’sbehindthem，theystarttiltingbackwardsandmayclimbupandupuntiltheyfall，”Fabiansaid.Researchershavelongwarnedthatlightpollutionisabigdrivingforceinthedramaticdeclineininsectpopulations.Mothsandotherinsectsthatbecometrappedaroundlampsbecomeeasilycaughtbybats.Theartificiallightingcanalsofoolthemintothinkingitisdaytime，causingthemtobeddownandskipanight’sfeeding.Thereare，F(xiàn)abianbelieves，helpfullessonsfromtheresearch.“Whatthistellsusisthatthedirectionofartificiallightmatters.Couldwechangelightingenvironmentstonottrapinsects?Forwe’refacingamassivedeclineininsectsaroundtheworld，andartificiallightatnightisoneofthefactorsthatcouldpotentiallybeleadingtothisdecline，”Fabiansaid.9．Whatdotheunderlinedphrase“naileddown”inparagraph1mean?A．③Popularizedwidely. B．Discussedopenly.C．Definedaccurately. D．Exploredacademically.10．WhydomothscirclearoundthelampsendlesslyaccordingtoFabian’sstudy?A．Becausetheycan’tkeeptheirbalance.B．Becausetheyuseimproperflightattitude.C．Becausetheylosetrackofwhichwayisup.D．Becausetheyareattractedtolightsfromfaraway.11．Whatisthesignificanceoftheresearchfinding?A．Itmayleadtobetterconservationofinsects.B．Naturalenemiesofinsectswillbegotridof.C．Artificiallightingwillbegreatlyreducedatnight.D．Itmayraiseconcernsforinsects’eatingbehavior.12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Whyinsectslosetheirabilitytoflyatnight.B．Whyartificiallightandevolutiontrapinsects.C．Howartificiallightimpactsinsectpopulations.D．Howinsectsevolveddistinctstrategiesofflight.語(yǔ)境猜詞①entomologist(派)＝entomolog(y)＋ist②film熟義：n.電影，影片生義(文義)：v.③popularize(派)＝popular＋ize語(yǔ)境猜詞答案A．①多產(chǎn)的，高效的②一次性的③傳輸，傳送④無(wú)污染的B．①大量涌入②除名③推翻，撤銷(xiāo)④訴訟，起訴⑤引誘物，引誘劑C．①昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)者②錄制，拍攝③宣傳，推廣；使普及答案精析語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了綠色植物的積極作用，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師們研發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過(guò)程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)，指出在未來(lái)發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。1．D[段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段的主題句(第二句)“Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.”并結(jié)合下文“Astudy...withhouseplants.”可知，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了植物的積極作用。故選D。]2．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwater...”可知，葉子上的傳感器用來(lái)顯示植物什么時(shí)候缺水。故選A。]3．C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.”可知，有朝一日新技術(shù)能夠讓植物為房間提供照明，甚至使街道兩旁的樹(shù)木變?yōu)樽晕夜╇姷穆窡?。又根?jù)最后一段最后一句“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”可知，發(fā)光植物可以避免遠(yuǎn)距離輸電帶來(lái)的損耗，從而節(jié)省能源。綜上可知，發(fā)光植物可以降低能源消耗。故選C。]4．C[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文重點(diǎn)介紹了發(fā)光植物對(duì)生活照明的影響，預(yù)測(cè)發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的效果。故C項(xiàng)“發(fā)光植物會(huì)取代燈嗎”是本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。]語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是說(shuō)明文，講述了美國(guó)灰熊從瀕危物種恢復(fù)到了2000多頭，但也帶來(lái)了一些問(wèn)題。5．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，美國(guó)人對(duì)灰熊既害怕又敬畏。故選A。]6．C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句以及第四段第一句可推知，自1975年起，有了法律的保護(hù)，灰熊的數(shù)量有了增長(zhǎng)。故選C。]7．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句可知，是保護(hù)組織的反對(duì)阻止了美國(guó)魚(yú)類(lèi)和野生動(dòng)物管理局將灰熊從瀕危物種名單上除名。故選A。]8．B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可推知，灰熊數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)雖然會(huì)帶來(lái)一些麻煩，但是如果采取一些預(yù)防措施，人和灰熊可以和諧相處。故選B。]eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于昆蟲(chóng)夜晚趨光的研究以及其意義。)9．C[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)下文可知，對(duì)于昆蟲(chóng)為何會(huì)在夜間聚集在燈光周?chē)@一問(wèn)題沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案，只有一些理論猜想，而且科學(xué)家仍在探索這一現(xiàn)象，故可推知畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)所在句意為“關(guān)于為什么昆蟲(chóng)在夜間會(huì)圍繞著燈這一科學(xué)問(wèn)題從未得到準(zhǔn)確解釋”，由此推測(cè)畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)意為“準(zhǔn)確解釋”，與C項(xiàng)意義相近。故選C。]10．B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，正常情況下飛蛾將背向最亮處即天空傾斜，以此保持水平飛行，而當(dāng)飛蛾背向路燈傾斜，由于路燈的光源是散射的，而它飛行的角度仍然采用與在月光下的飛行相同的角度，這就使它圍著路燈散射的光源打轉(zhuǎn)，故是不正確的飛行姿勢(shì)導(dǎo)致飛蛾無(wú)休止地繞著燈轉(zhuǎn)。故選B。]11．A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果的意義是告訴我們可以改變?nèi)嗽旃獾姆较?，使昆蟲(chóng)不被困住，從而更好地保護(hù)昆蟲(chóng)。故選A。]12．B[主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其第二段可知，文章主要介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲(chóng)因進(jìn)化而在夜間無(wú)休止地圍繞人造光轉(zhuǎn)，這啟示我們可以改變?nèi)嗽旃獾姆较?，更好地保護(hù)昆蟲(chóng)，所以B項(xiàng)“為什么人造光和進(jìn)化會(huì)困住昆蟲(chóng)？”符合題意。故選B。]作業(yè)14人與環(huán)境類(lèi)說(shuō)明文A(2021·全國(guó)乙)You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage，forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear，theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse，”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves，frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups，thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity，Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution，butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand，becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight，theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone，thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018，VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic：Every60seconds，a①truckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork，titled“TruckloadofPlastic，”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic，whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruck②allatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.1．WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A．Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B．Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C．Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D．Reducinggarbageonthebeach.2．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A．Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B．Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C．Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D．Tofindasubstituteforthem.3．Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A．Calming.B．Disturbing.C．Refreshing.D．Challenging.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB．MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC．ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD．OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures語(yǔ)境猜詞①truckload(合)＝truck＋load②allatonceB(2024·安徽皖南八校聯(lián)考)Droughtisanincreasingprobleminourwarmingworld.Allcontinentshavebeenexperiencingmoreextendedperiodswithoutrain，leadingtoforestfiresandpoorcropgrowth.Consequently，peoplearelookingatcloudseedingtosolvetheproblem—amethodofencouragingprecipitation(降水)bysendingsmallparticlesofcertainchemicalsintoclouds.Cloud-seedingexpertArlenHugginshasbeenstudyingits①effectiveness.“Myearliestexperiencewastousecloudseedingtoreducetheamountofhail(冰雹)innortheastColorado.Wedidn’thaveanyluckwiththat，butwehadsuccesslateroninincreasingsnowfallinUtah.Now，thefocusisshiftingtowardsincreasingrainfallfromsummerclouds，whichisfarmore②unpredictable，”saidhe.Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.Itmighthaverainedorsnowedanyway.Evenifyoupracticecloudseedinginoneplaceanddon’tinanother，it’simpossibletoknowforsurewhatcausedtheprecipitation.“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain，itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion，”saysKatjaFriedrich，aresearcherofUniversityofColorado.Additionally，it’snotduringfoggyandsnowyconditionsthatpeoplethinkofincreasingthechanceofrainfall.Whenacountryishitbydrought，thencloudseedingisn’tanoptionduetothelackofclouds.Duringdrought，skiestendtobeclearwithfewclouds.Thebestoptiontopreventdroughtistoseedattimesoftheyearwhenrainfalllevelsarenormalorhigher.Therearealsoenvironmentalissuesregardingtheimpactofcloudseeding.Athighlevels，thechemicalssentintothecloudscanharmhumansandotheranimals，andsomestudieshavefoundthemslightlypoisonous.Apartfromthat，someenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutthe③long-termimpacts，asthereisn’tdataonhowmuchthosechemicalsaccumulateintheenvironmentover10years.5．Whatisthepurposeofcloudseeding?A．Toincreasegrainoutput.B．Toslowdownglobalwarming.C．Toreducechemicalsintheair.D．Todealwithdryandrain-freeweather.6．HowisArlenHuggins’earliestexperienceinparagraph2?A．It’seffective. B．It’sunsuccessful.C．It’ssatisfying. D．It’s④fruitful.7.WhatisKatjaFriedrich’sattitudetowardscloudseeding?A．Favourable. B．Opposed.C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A．Droughtcurrently⑤posestheonlythreattoforestsandcrops.B．Rainmakinginanyweatherwillcometrueinthenearfuture.C．Researchersnowcannottellifrainfallisbroughtbycloudseeding.D．Chemicalssentintothecloudswillbecomelesspoisonousovertime.語(yǔ)境猜詞①effectiveness(派)＝effect＋ive＋ness②unpredictable(派)＝un＋predict＋able③long-term(合)＝long＋term④fruitful(派)＝fruit＋ful⑤pose熟義：n.姿勢(shì)生義(文義)：v.C(2024·湖南長(zhǎng)沙二模)TheYellowRiveristhecradleofChinesecivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now，scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies，includingbigdata，artificialintelligence，andtheInternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmitinformationtothecenter.Basedontheinformation，a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthecomputerscreen.It’sliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.Onebig①breakthroughintheriver’sdigital②governanceis“smartstones”．AccordingtoWangQin，aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau，asmartstoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips，abattery，andasignaltransmitter.Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤壩)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.“Uponfeelingmovementofthedikestones，thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecenterforquickresponse，”Wangsaid.“Inthepast，researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves，puttingtheirlivesatrisk，”saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.“Nowthesmartstonescandothisforus，moresafely，quickly，andaccurately.”Andinthesky，drones(無(wú)人機(jī))areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers，thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollers(巡邏員)oftheriver，lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission，thankstothedrones，researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.“Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedto③battendownthehatches(未雨綢繆)，”saidShen.Underthewaterandupinthesky，intelligencesystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources，inthefuture，wecanexpecttoseetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.9．WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?A．Toconducthistoricalresearch.B．Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.C．Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.D．Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.10．Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver’sdigitalgovernance?A．Theyrecordwaterquality.B．Theyimprovetheriver’sbeauty.C．Theymonitorandreportthestatusofthedike.D．Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.11.WhatisoneofthefunctionsofdronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiver?A．Entertainingtourists.B．Collectinginformationondikeconditions.C．Patrollingandtakingwildlifephotos.D．Testingwaterquality.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“comprehensive”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Complete.B．Basic.C．Beautiful.D．Natural.語(yǔ)境猜詞①breakthrough(合)＝break＋through②governance(派)＝govern＋ance③battendown語(yǔ)境猜詞答案A．①一卡車(chē)(的量)②突然地；同時(shí)B．①有效性，效力②無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)的③長(zhǎng)期的④成果豐碩的⑤造成，引起C．①突破，重大進(jìn)展②管理，治理③準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對(duì)可能的麻煩或困難答案精析語(yǔ)篇解讀藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong非常關(guān)注塑料污染的問(wèn)題，他用回收的廢舊塑料垃圾創(chuàng)作巨型雕塑，以喚醒和提高人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)。1．C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage，forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.”可知，藝術(shù)家VonWong制作雕塑的目的是迫使觀眾重新審視他們與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系，即關(guān)注塑料垃圾造成的問(wèn)題。故選C。]2．A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是其中的“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution...becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight，theycannotberecycled.”可知，全球僅有9%的塑料廢棄物被回收利用，而且作者特別說(shuō)明了塑料吸管因?yàn)轶w積小和重量輕而無(wú)法被回收。由此可知，作者在第三段討論塑料吸管的問(wèn)題是為了說(shuō)明塑料吸管回收的困難。故選A。]3．B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，TruckloadofPlastic這一作品直觀展現(xiàn)了塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性，會(huì)令人不安，故選B。]4．D[標(biāo)題歸納題。通覽全文可知，作者主要講述了藝術(shù)家VonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以喚起人們對(duì)環(huán)保問(wèn)題的關(guān)注，故選D。]語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講了雖然人工增雨被認(rèn)為是解決干旱問(wèn)題的一種方法，但是人工增雨的效果難以確定，并且存在環(huán)境問(wèn)題和受氣候條件的制約。因此，雖然人工增雨可能會(huì)在一些條件下對(duì)緩解干旱有一定益處，但其實(shí)用性和可行性仍有待討論。5．D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Droughtisanincreasingproblem...encouragingprecipitation(降水)．..chemicalsintoclouds.(在我們?nèi)找孀兣氖澜缋?，干旱是一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。所有大陸都經(jīng)歷了更多的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間無(wú)雨期，導(dǎo)致森林火災(zāi)和作物生長(zhǎng)不良。因此，人們正在研究人工增雨來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題——一種通過(guò)將某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)的小顆粒送入云層來(lái)促進(jìn)降水的方法)”可知，人工增雨是為了應(yīng)對(duì)干旱無(wú)雨的天氣。故選D。]6．B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Myearliestexperience...luckwiththat(我最早的實(shí)踐是在科羅拉多州東北部使用人工增雨來(lái)減少冰雹的數(shù)量。我們運(yùn)氣不好)”可知，ArlenHuggins最初的實(shí)踐沒(méi)有成功。故選B。]7．D[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中KatjaFriedrich的話“Ascloudseedingisexpensiveanditseffectivenessuncertain，itsusefulnessisstillamatterofopinion(由于人工增雨成本高昂，其有效性也不確定，因此其實(shí)用性仍有待討論)”可知，KatjaFriedrich對(duì)人工增雨的做法持懷疑態(tài)度。故選D。]8．C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theproblemisthatit’sprettyhardtoknowwhetherprecipitationresulteddirectlyfromcloudseeding.(問(wèn)題是，很難知道降水是否直接來(lái)自人工增雨)”可知，研究人員現(xiàn)在無(wú)法判斷降雨是否是由人工增雨帶來(lái)的。故選C。]eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了黃河數(shù)字孿生體的創(chuàng)建目的、運(yùn)行方式和發(fā)展。)9．D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheYellowRiveris...Andfloodcontrolandprevention...bygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.(黃河是中華文明的搖籃。洪水的控制和預(yù)防一直是保障黃河沿岸人民幸福生活的關(guān)鍵?，F(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們可以通過(guò)給黃河創(chuàng)建一個(gè)數(shù)字孿生體來(lái)更好地解決這些問(wèn)題)”可知，創(chuàng)建黃河數(shù)字孿生體的主要目的是加強(qiáng)洪水的控制和預(yù)防工作。故選D。]10．C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theyareburiedin...ofdikestones.(它們被埋在重要的堤壩上，以記錄和報(bào)告堤壩石塊的活動(dòng))”以及第四段“‘過(guò)去，研究人員必須冒著生命危險(xiǎn)，親自到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)了解堤壩的情況，’來(lái)自該局的趙瀟雄說(shuō)道?！F(xiàn)在智能石頭可以幫我們更安全、更快速且更精確地完成這項(xiàng)工作?！笨芍悄苁^監(jiān)測(cè)和報(bào)告堤壩的狀況。故選C。]11．B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Ontheroutesdesigned...floodpreventionprojects.(在工程師設(shè)計(jì)的路線上，無(wú)人機(jī)成為河流的專(zhuān)業(yè)巡邏員，監(jiān)視河堤和防洪工程)”可知，無(wú)人機(jī)在黃河數(shù)字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防狀況信息。故選B。]12．A[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，在水下和空中，智能系統(tǒng)正在幫助保護(hù)黃河流域的各個(gè)方面，據(jù)水利部表示，在未來(lái)，我們可以期待為這條重要河流建設(shè)一個(gè)更全面的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)。由此猜測(cè)，畫(huà)線詞意為“全面的”。故選A。]作業(yè)15書(shū)籍作品介紹及書(shū)評(píng)類(lèi)說(shuō)明文A(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook，representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory，inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading，weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”，artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool，withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume，deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago，buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.Booksthemselvesmaybeused①symbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智)，wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress，booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently，asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway，artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers，pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpage②outdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview，theprintedbookiscertainlyancient，butitremainsasinteractiveasany③battery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction，abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened，thepagesparted，thecontentsreviewed，perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked，aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate，“off-line”activity.1．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Anintroductiontoabook. B．Anessayontheartofwriting.C．Aguidebooktoamuseum. D．Areviewofmodernpaintings.2.Whataretheselectedartworksabout?A．Wealthandintellect.B．Homeandschool.C．Booksandreading.D．Workandleisure.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A．Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B．Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C．Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D．Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.語(yǔ)境猜詞①symbolically(派)＝symbol＋ic＋ally②outdated(合)＝out＋dated③battery-powered(合)＝battery＋poweredB(2022·全國(guó)乙)In1916，twogirlsofwealthyfamilies，bestfriendsfromAuburn，N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead，Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted：TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden，whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well，theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon，however，theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily，theHarrisons，and，likethem，hadlittleprivacy，rarebaths，andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings，RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring，thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook，she①expandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism，whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads，whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies，ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅(jiān)忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff，onherhorse，lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains，it②shedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes，coyotes，mice，andvaryinghares，whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”5．WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A．Toteachinaschool. B．TostudyAmericanhistory.C．Towriteabook. D．Todosightseeing.6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A．Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B．Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C．Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D．Theysufferedseverehardships.7.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A．TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B．ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C．TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D．ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.8．Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport. B．Abookreview.C．Achildren’sstory. D．Adiaryentry.語(yǔ)境猜詞①expandon②shed熟義：n.棚生義(文義)：v.C(2024·四川攀枝花二模)RecentlyI’vebeendrawntobookswhichmotivatemetolookatmyself，andhopefu