2025屆人教版(2019)高考英語(yǔ)一輪話題復(fù)習(xí)高考題型通關(guān)練：話題34　自然災(zāi)害與防范(教師版)

主題群二自然與災(zāi)害話題34自然災(zāi)害與防范Ⅰ.閱讀理解ScienceandTechnologyCamp·Full－daycampforstudentsaged12－14·Four－weekprogramJuly5－30|Monday—Friday,9amto4pmWeek1|July5－9Week2|July12－16Week3|July19－23Week4|July26－30·RegistrationbeginsJune1，2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.·Fees:$75registrationfee.$795perweek.Fullpaymentmustbemadeatthetimeofregistration.·ThedeadlineforthecancellationtoreceiveafullrefundisJune15,2024.CampStructureCampdaysarecomprisedofeightsessionswithtwosessionsperdaywhilethefinaldayoftheweekisreservedforoverviewsandreflection.Themorningsessionsbeginat9amandendat12noon,followedbyonehourforlunch.(Campersshouldbringtheirlunches.)Afternoonsessionsarescheduledfrom1pmto4pmwith15－minutebreaksmidwaythrougheachsession.Snacksareprovidedatbreaktime.(Foodallergiesshouldbereportedatthetimeofregistration.)CampContentScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainmentwhileteachingstudentsabouthowwebsitesaredesignedusingvariouscodinglanguages,rocketdesign,practicalapplicationsofmathandphysics,andhowtobuildyourownhydraulicsystem.CampPersonnelThecampisheadedbythehusband－and－wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClarkwhoareexpertsinthefieldsofcomputerscienceandmechanicalengineering.Ourmissionistomakesureeveryonefeelsfullysupportedandexcitedtobehere.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文，是一則科技夏令營(yíng)廣告。1.WhatisthelowestcostofattendingtheScienceandTechnologycamp?A.$75. B.$795.C.$1，590. D.$1，665.答案D[數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)文中的“RegistrationbeginsJune1，2024—registerforminimumtwoweeks.Fees：$75registrationfee.$795perweek”可知，參加夏令營(yíng)最少要兩周，所以最低的費(fèi)用為75＋795×2＝1665(美元)。]2.WhatisthemainemphasisofScienceandTechnologycamp?A.Rocketscience. B.Funinlearning.C.Codinglanguages. D.Hands－onexperiences.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“CampContent”部分中的“ScienceandTechnologycampaboveallemphasizesentertainment...andhowtobuildyourownhydraulicsystem”可知，該夏令營(yíng)強(qiáng)調(diào)寓教于樂(lè)。]3.Whoarethecampleaders?A.Mechanicalengineers. B.Medicaldoctors.C.Amarriedcouple. D.Computertechnicians.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“CampPersonnel”部分中的“Thecampisheadedbythehusband－and－wifeteamofDoctorsJamesandSophieClark”可知，這個(gè)夏令營(yíng)是由一對(duì)夫婦負(fù)責(zé)的，故C項(xiàng)正確。head在此作動(dòng)詞，意為“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，主管”。](2024·四川成都七中模擬預(yù)測(cè))Therearepeopleforwhomthemotivationliesintheirfamilyorcompanions’duties.Forsomepeople，thepurposeliesinasoul’sspiritualawakening.BrentClayton，afirefighterbyprofession，isonesuchindividualwhofoundhispurposeearlyinlifeandkeptworkingtofulfillit.BornonMarch3，1984，Claytonhugelyfelttheneedtoserveothers.HefollowedhismissioninlifeandacquiredhisdiplomainPublicSafety.Hegraduallyrealizedtheimportanceofsecuringpeople’slives，whichstrengthenedhisfaithinhismission.Claytonfurtherpursuedhisbachelor’sdegreefromTheUniversityofMelbourneandmaster’sdegreefromFederationUniversity.Then，Claytonworkedinthemilitaryforaperiodbeforemovingintoarolewiththeprisonserviceasaprisonguard，theyoungestpersontoeverbeemployedbytheserviceatthetime.Afterspendingadecadeinthefireserviceincludingtrainingandrecruitment(招募)，hegainedenoughexperiencetobecomeAustralia’smostprominentfireservicerecruitmentexpert.Claytondevotedmanyyearsofhislifetothefirefighterrecruitmentprocessandfireserviceindustry.Hewantedpeopletorealizethetruevalueofthisprofessionbyestablishingitssignificance.Tocommunicatehisperspective，ClaytonestablishedFireRecruitmentAustraliain2009.Heaimedtotrainthenextgenerationandpreparethemforthefuture.Claytonusedhisexperienceandyears－longtrainingtopreparecandidateswhowereasenthusiasticaboutthewell－beingoftheworldashim.Keepingthepointinmind，ClaytonwrotethebookFireServiceRecruitment—theProcesstoSuccess.Hisideawastojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemediumsoothersdidn’thavetowasteyearswonderingwhattodowhenapplyingtobecomeafirefighter.Afterthesuccessofthebook，Claytonintroducedcandidatestoacomprehensivetestpreparationandlearningsuitetofacilitate(促進(jìn))successthroughouteachstageoftheselectionprocess.Thisplatformhelpedhimaswellashiscandidatestoworktogetherforthebettermentofthemselvesandultimatelysocietyatlarge.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了職業(yè)消防員布倫特·克萊頓認(rèn)識(shí)到人們安全的重要性，花了多年時(shí)間投入消防員招募過(guò)程和消防服務(wù)行業(yè)，他的目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)下一代，為未來(lái)做好準(zhǔn)備。4.WhatmadeClayton’sbeliefstronger?A.Themilitaryexperience.B.Thesupportofhisfamily.C.Thesignificanceofpeople’ssafety.D.Theknowledgehelearnedfromcollege.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hegraduallyrealizedtheimportanceofsecuringpeople’slives，whichstrengthenedhisfaithinhismission.”可知，是人們安全的重要性讓克萊頓的信念更加堅(jiān)定。]5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“prominent”inparagraph3?A.Stubborn. B.Fearless.C.Outstanding. D.Energetic.答案C[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線單詞上文“Afterspendingadecadeinthefireserviceincludingtrainingandrecruitment(招募)，”以及后文“Claytondevotedmanyyearsofhislifetothefirefighterrecruitmentprocessandfireserviceindustry.”可推知，克萊頓在消防員招聘過(guò)程和消防服務(wù)行業(yè)投入了多年時(shí)間，所以經(jīng)過(guò)10年的消防培訓(xùn)和招聘工作，他積累了足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，成為澳大利亞最杰出的消防招聘專家。故可猜測(cè)畫(huà)線單詞prominent為“杰出的”意思，與outstanding“杰出的”意思一致。]6.WhydidClaytonsetupFireRecruitmentAustralia?A.Becausehecouldearnagoodreputation.B.Becausehewantedtojoinhislearningintoanaccessiblemedium.C.Becausehewantedtorealizehisdreamofbeingafirefighterleader.D.Becausehehopedtogetyoungpeoplereadyfortheirfuturecareer.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Tocommunicatehisperspective...andpreparethemforthefuture.”可知，克萊頓成立澳大利亞消防招聘公司是因?yàn)樗Ｍ贻p人為未來(lái)的職業(yè)生涯做好準(zhǔn)備。]7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AManwithGreatPurpose B.ABookforCareerSuccessC.AnOrganizationforWell－being D.AStandardforFirefighters答案A[標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段“Therearepeopleforwhomthemotivationliesintheirfamily...whofoundhispurposeearlyinlifeandkeptworkingtofulfillit.”并結(jié)合文章主要講述了職業(yè)消防員布倫特·克萊頓認(rèn)識(shí)到人們安全的重要性，花了多年時(shí)間投入消防員招募過(guò)程和消防服務(wù)行業(yè)，他的目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)下一代，為未來(lái)做好準(zhǔn)備，故可知A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)有偉大目標(biāo)的人”最符合文章標(biāo)題。](2024·山東青島統(tǒng)考三模)By2050，68%oftheglobalpopulationwillliveincities.That’s2.5billionmorepeoplethantoday.InEurope，threeoutoffourofusalreadyliveinurbanareas，andtheconsequencesofthatarebecomingclear.Researchersestimatethatninemillionpeopledieeveryyearasadirectresultofairpollution.Asourcitiesgrowandmorepeoplemoveintoalreadycrowdedspaces，whatdoweneedtodototransformoururbanareasintohealthyplacestolive?Anincreasingbodyofresearchtellsusthatweshouldbelettingnaturebackin.Greenspacesincitiesmitigatetheeffectsofpollutionandcanreduceaphenomenonknownastheurbanheatislandeffect，whichreferstoheattrappedinbuilt－upareas.Theeffectappearsintownsandcitieswheretheheatgeneratedbypeople，transportandindustryistrappedinthenarrowroadsandconcretestructures，unabletoescapetotheatmosphere.Thiscanbringthetemperatureinurbanareasup3－4℃higherthanthesurroundingcountryside，andwiththatcomesaseverecycle.Increasedtemperaturesinsummerleadtoanincreaseddemandforcooling.Thisexpandsourenergyconsumption，whichinturnbuildupfossilfuelconsumption，increasingpollutantsintheairandharmfulsmogonourstreets.Planningcitiestoincludegreenspaceswhereverpossibleisthefirststepinmakingoururbanareashealthier.Forexample，addingalayerofvegetationtorooftopsandcreatinggreenroofshasproventoreducetheurbanheatislandeffect.Treesinourstreetsalsoplaytheirpart，andavarietyoftreespeciescanhaveaprofoundeffect.Simplyhavingaccesstogreenspacesincitiescandowondersforourstresslevelsandconcentrationatwork.“Peopleneedtointeractwithnaturewhenevertheopportunityarises.Somethingassimpleasafive－to－ten－minutebreakduringtheworkdaycanimprovewell－beingandboostproductivity，”Cecil，anexpertstudyingnatureincitiessays.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了隨著城市人口的急劇增加，城市的空氣污染問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重，因此有必要在城市中讓自然回歸，以改善城市的健康水平。同時(shí)，讓自然回歸可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。8.HowdoestheauthorbringinthetopicinParagraph1?A.Bypresentingfacts. B.Bylistingexamples.C.Bycomparingnumbers. D.Byquestioninganestimate.答案A[寫(xiě)作手法題。根據(jù)第一段中“By2050，68%oftheglobalpopulationwillliveincities.That’s2.5billionmorepeoplethantoday...asadirectresultofairpollution.”可知，作者先呈現(xiàn)了城市人口大幅增長(zhǎng)，直接死于空氣污染的人數(shù)量巨大的事實(shí)，然后引入了文章的話題。由此可知，作者通過(guò)展現(xiàn)事實(shí)的方式引入話題。]9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”meaninParagraph2?A.Overcome. B.Change.C.Ease. D.Shift.答案C[詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“...totransformoururbanareasintohealthyplacestolive？...weshouldbelettingnaturebackin.”和第二段第一句“Greenspacesincitiesmitigatetheeffectsofpollutionandcanreduceaphenomenon...inbuilt－upareas.”可知，在城市中讓自然回歸有助于改善城市的健康，因此城市中的綠地應(yīng)該可以緩解污染和城市熱島效應(yīng)。由此可知，mitigate意為“緩解，減輕”，與ease意思一致。]10.Whatmightbeaconsequenceoftheurbanheatislandeffect?A.Lowertemperature. B.Energyregeneration.C.Fuelshortage. D.Airpollution.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thisexpandsourenergyconsumption...increasingpollutantsintheairandharmfulsmogonourstreets.”可知，城市熱島效應(yīng)會(huì)形成惡性循環(huán)，加重城市的空氣污染。]11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoLetNatureBackInB.WhyWeNeedGreenSpacesinCitiesC.HeatEffect：AnUnavoidableUrbanTroubleD.GreenRoofs：TinyUrbanForests答案B[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文特別是第一段的“Asourcitiesgrowandmorepeoplemoveintoalreadycrowdedspaces...weshouldbelettingnaturebackin.”可知，文章介紹了隨著城市人口的急劇增加，城市的空氣污染問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重，因此有必要在城市中讓自然回歸，以改善城市的健康水平。同時(shí)，讓自然回歸可以提升居住者的幸福感和工作效率。因此，文章主要介紹的是在城市中引入自然的好處，B項(xiàng)“我們?yōu)槭裁葱枰鞘芯G地”符合文章大意，適合作為標(biāo)題。]Ⅱ.七選五(2024·河北1月質(zhì)檢)Weusuallydivideayearintofourseasons.However，inTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)theory，therearefiveseasons—spring，summer，latesummer，fall，andwinter.Eachofthefivehasmanyfeatureswhichguideustochangeourhabitstokeepthebalancebetweenourbodyandtheexternalenvironment.WinterinTCMTheancientChinesebelievedthatwinteristheYinseasoninnature.1So，winteristhetimeofyeartoreflectonhealth，savestrengthandregainenergy，preparingourselvesforthestartofnewlifeinthespring.ActivitiesinwinterInTCMtheory，winterisaseasontofeedourselvesbothspirituallyandphysically.2Forexample，wecandomorewriting，readingandothersoul－nourishing(滋養(yǎng)靈魂的)activities.Althoughenergeticexerciseshouldbeavoided，it’simportanttokeepourbodyhealthywithgentleexercise，especiallyoutdooractivities，inwhichwecangetfreshairandsunlight.Inaddition，weshouldalsogotobedearliertosavemoreenergy.3FoodsforwinterTheprincipleofharmonybetweenwhatweeatandtheseasonisbasedonhundredsofyearsofexperienceinTCM.Itsuggeststhatweembracelocally－grownandseasonablefoods，whichisthewaynatureintendsustoeat.4Mostofthemnaturallygrowinthisseason—pumpkins，potatoes，rootvegetables，wintergreens，carrots，cabbage，mushrooms，andpears.Besides，hotsoup，wholegrainsandroastednutsalsooffernourishmenttofeedthebodyincoldwintermonths.Butalwaysremember，moderationinallthingsisimporta