拆除與爆破工程施工安全技術(shù)ConstructionSafe

《拆除與爆破工程施工安全技術(shù)》ConstructionSafetyTechnologyofDemolitionandBlastingEngineering第一節(jié)

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術(shù)要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

一、拆除工程施工常用的方法1.Commonmethodsfordemolitionworks1.人工拆除

（1）Manualdemolition

(1)進(jìn)行人工拆除作業(yè)時(shí)，樓板上嚴(yán)禁人員聚集或堆放材料，作業(yè)人員應(yīng)站在穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)或腳手架上操作，被拆除的構(gòu)件應(yīng)有安全的放置場(chǎng)所。

Duringdemolitionoperation,gatheringandstackingmaterialsarestrictlyprohibitedinthefloor.Operatorsshallstandonastablestructureorscaffoldingtocarryoutoperations.Dismantledcomponentsshallbeplacedinsafeplace.

(2)人工拆除施工應(yīng)從上至下、逐層拆除分段進(jìn)行，不得垂直交叉作業(yè)。作業(yè)面的孔洞應(yīng)封閉。

Manualdemolitionshallbecarriedoutinsectionsfromtoptobottom,layerbylayer,withnoverticalcrossoveroperations.Holesinthesurfaceofoperationshouldbeclosed.

(3)人工拆除建筑墻體時(shí)，嚴(yán)禁采用掏掘或推倒的方法。Duringmanualdemolitionofwalls,excavationandbulldozingarestrictlyprohibited.第一節(jié)

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術(shù)要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

(4)拆除建筑的欄桿、樓梯、樓板等構(gòu)件，應(yīng)與建筑結(jié)構(gòu)整體拆除進(jìn)度相配合，不得先行拆除。建筑的承重梁、柱，應(yīng)在其所承載的全部構(gòu)件拆除后，再進(jìn)行拆除。

Demolitionofbuilding’scomponentssuchasrailings,stairs,floorsladsandothercomponentsshallbeinlinewiththeprogressoftheoveralldemolitionofthebuildingstructureandshallnotbedemolishedfirst.Theload-bearingbeamsandcolumnsshallbedemolishedafterallthecomponentstheycarryhavebeendemolished.

(5)拆除梁或懸挑構(gòu)件時(shí)，應(yīng)采取有效的下落控制措施，方可切斷兩端的支撐。

Whendemolishingthebeamorcantilever,effectivefallcontrolmeasuresshallbetakenbeforecuttingoff.

(6)拆除柱子，沿柱子底部剔鑿出鋼筋，用手動(dòng)倒鏈定向牽引，再用氣焊切割柱子三面鋼筋，保留牽引方向正面的鋼筋。

Demolishthecolumn,pickoutthesteelbaralongthebottomofthecolumn,usethedirectionalpullwiththemanualreversechain,andthencutthesteelbaronthethreesidesofthecolumnwithgaswelding,andretainthesteelbaronthefrontofthetractiondirection.

(7)拆除管道及容器時(shí)，必須在查清殘留物的性質(zhì)，并采取相應(yīng)措施確保安全后，方可進(jìn)行拆除施工。

Thenatureofresiduesandthecorrespondingmeasuresmustbeascertainedbeforedemolishingthepipesandcontainers.第一節(jié)

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術(shù)要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

2.機(jī)械拆除

（2）Mechanicaldemolition

(1)當(dāng)采用機(jī)械拆除建筑時(shí)，應(yīng)從上至下、逐層分段進(jìn)行;應(yīng)先拆除非承重結(jié)構(gòu)，再拆除承重結(jié)構(gòu)。拆除框架結(jié)構(gòu)建筑，必須按樓板、次梁、主梁、柱子的順序進(jìn)行施工。對(duì)只進(jìn)行部分拆除的建筑，必須先將保留部分加固，再進(jìn)行分離拆除。

Mechanicaldemolitionshallbecarriedoutinsectionsfromtoptobottom,layerbylayer;non-load-bearingstructuresshallbedemolishedfirst,followedbyload-bearingstructures.Thedemolitionofframebuildingsmustbecarriedoutintheorderoffloorslab,secondarybeam,mainbeamandcolumn.Buildingsthatareonlypartiallydemolishedmustberetainedinparttoreinforced,andthenseparatedanddemolished.

(2)采用雙機(jī)抬吊作業(yè)時(shí)每臺(tái)起重機(jī)載荷不得超過允許載荷的80%，且應(yīng)對(duì)第一吊進(jìn)行試吊作業(yè)。施工中必須保持兩臺(tái)起重機(jī)同步作業(yè)。

Theloadofeachcraneshallnotexceed80%oftheallowableloadwhenadoptingdouble-machineliftingoperation,andtestliftingoperationshallbecarriedoutbythefirstcrane.Twocranesmustbekeptsimultaneouslyduringconstruction.第一節(jié)

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術(shù)要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

3.爆破拆除

（3）Demolitionbyblasting

(1)按照現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《爆破安全規(guī)程》(GB6722-2011)將工程分為A、B、C三級(jí)，并采取相應(yīng)的安全技術(shù)措施。爆破拆除工程應(yīng)做出安全評(píng)估，并經(jīng)當(dāng)?shù)赜嘘P(guān)部門審核批準(zhǔn)后方可實(shí)施。

InaccordancewiththecurrentnationalstandardSafetyRegulationsforBlasting

(GB6722-2011),theworksareclassifiedintoA,BandClevelsandthecorrespondingsafetytechnicalmeasuresaretaken.Blastinganddemolitionworksshouldbesubjecttosafetyassessmentandcarriedoutafterapprovalbythelocalauthorities.

(2)從事爆破拆除工程的施工單位，必須持有工程所在地法定部門核發(fā)的《爆炸物品使用許可證》，承擔(dān)相應(yīng)等級(jí)的爆破拆除工程。爆破拆除設(shè)計(jì)人員應(yīng)具有承擔(dān)爆炸拆除作業(yè)范圍和相應(yīng)級(jí)別的爆破工程技術(shù)人員作業(yè)證。從事爆破拆除施工的作業(yè)人員應(yīng)持證上崗。

TheconstructionsideofcontractorengagedintheblastinganddemolitionworksmustholdthePermitfortheUseofExplosivesissuedbythestatutoryauthoritywheretheworksislocated,toundertakethecorrespondinglevelofblastinganddemolitionworks.Blastinganddemolitiondesignershallholdcertificateforblastingconstructionthatundertakethescopeofblastinganddemolitionoperationandisinlinewiththecorrespondinglevel.operatorsengagedinblastinganddemolitionworksshallbelicensed.

第一節(jié)

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術(shù)要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

(3)爆破器材必須向工程所在地法定部門申請(qǐng)《爆炸物品購(gòu)買許可證》，到指定的供應(yīng)點(diǎn)購(gòu)買，爆破器材嚴(yán)禁贈(zèng)送、轉(zhuǎn)讓、轉(zhuǎn)賣、轉(zhuǎn)借。

BlastingequipmentmustbepurchasedfromadesignatedsupplypointbyapplyingforthePermitforthePurchaseofExplosives

issuedbythestatutoryauthoritywheretheworksislocated.Presenting,transferring,resellingorlendingblastingequipmentisstrictlyprohibited.

(4)爆破拆除的預(yù)拆除施工應(yīng)確保建筑安全和穩(wěn)定。預(yù)拆除施工可采用機(jī)械和人工方法拆除非承重的墻體或不影響結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定的構(gòu)件。

Pre-demolitionconstructionbyblastingshallensurethesafetyandstabilityofthebuilding.Pre-demolitionworkcanbecarriedoutbyadoptingmechanicalandmanualmethodstodemolishnon-load-bearingwallsorcomponentsthatdonotaffectstructuralstability.

(5)爆破拆除施工時(shí)，應(yīng)對(duì)爆破部位進(jìn)行覆蓋和遮擋，覆蓋材料和遮擋設(shè)施應(yīng)牢固可靠。

Duringtheconstructionofblastinganddemolition,blastingpartsshallbecoveredandsheltered,andcoveredmaterialsandshelteredfacilitiesshallbestableandfirm.二、拆除工程安全技術(shù)要求2.SafetyTechnicalRequirementsfordemolition1.拆除工程的一般規(guī)定

（1）Generalregulationsfordemolitionworks

（1）項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理必須對(duì)拆除工程的安全生產(chǎn)負(fù)全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任。

Theprojectmanagermusttaketheoverallleadershipresponsibilityforthesafetyandproductionofthedemolitionproject.

（2）拆除工程施工區(qū)域應(yīng)設(shè)置硬質(zhì)封閉圍擋及醒目警示標(biāo)志，圍擋高度不應(yīng)低于1.8m。

Theconstructionareaofthedemolitionworksshallbesetupwitheye-catchingwarningsignsandhardclosedenclosureswiththeheightofnolessthan1.8meters.

（3）拆除施工嚴(yán)禁立體交叉作業(yè)。Three-dimensionalcrossoveroperationisstrictlyprohibitedfordemolitionconstruction.第一節(jié)

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術(shù)要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

2.拆除工程的施工準(zhǔn)備

（2）Constructionpreparationforthedemolitionproject

(1)拆除工程的建設(shè)單位與施工單位在簽訂施工合同時(shí)，應(yīng)簽訂安全生產(chǎn)管理協(xié)議，明確雙方的安全管理責(zé)任。建設(shè)單位、監(jiān)理單位應(yīng)對(duì)拆除工程施工安全負(fù)檢查督促責(zé)任，施工單位應(yīng)對(duì)拆除工程的安全技術(shù)管理負(fù)直接責(zé)任。

Whensigningtheconstructioncontract,theconstructionsideofemployerofdemolitionworksandtheconstructionsideofcontractorshallsignthesafetyproductionmanagementagreementtoclarifythesafetymanagementresponsibilitiesofbothparties.Theconstructionsideofemployerandthesupervisionunitshallberesponsiblefortheinspectionandsupervisionoftheconstructionsafetyofthedemolitionworks.Theconstructionsideofcontractorshallbedirectlyresponsibleforthesafetyandtechnicalmanagementofthedemolitionworks.

(2)建設(shè)單位應(yīng)將拆除工程發(fā)包給具有相應(yīng)資質(zhì)等級(jí)的施工單位。建設(shè)單位應(yīng)在拆除工程開工前15日，將下列資料報(bào)送建設(shè)工程所在地的縣級(jí)以上地方人民政府建設(shè)行政主管部門備案。

Theconstructionsideofemployershallcontractoutthedemolitionprojecttotheconstructionsideofcontractorwiththecorrespondingqualificationlevel.Theconstructionsideofemployershall,15daysbeforethecommencementofthedemolitionproject,submitthefollowingmaterialstoconstructionadministrationauthoritiesofthelocalpeople'sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelwheretheconstructionworkislocatedfortherecord.第一節(jié)

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術(shù)要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

1)施工單位資質(zhì)登記證明。Qualificationregistrationcertificateoftheconstructionsideofcontractor.2)擬拆除建筑物、構(gòu)筑物及可能危及毗鄰建筑的說明。Descriptionofthebuildingsandstructurestobedemolishedandthepotentialdangertoadjacentbuildings.3)拆除施工組織方案或安全專項(xiàng)施工方案。DemolitionorganizationplanorSpecialsafetyconstructionplan.4)堆放、清除廢棄物的措施。Measurestopileupandremovewaste.第一節(jié)

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術(shù)要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

(3)建設(shè)單位應(yīng)向施工單位提供下列資料:Theconstructionsideofemployershallprovidethefollowingmaterialstotheconstructionsideofcontractor:1)拆除工程的有關(guān)圖紙和資料。Relevantdrawingsandinformationofthedemolitionworks.2)拆除工程涉及區(qū)域的地上、地下建筑及設(shè)施分布情況資料。Informationonthedistributionofaboveandbelowgroundbuildingsandfacilitiesintheareainvolvedinthedemolitionworks.(4)建設(shè)單位應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)做好影響拆除工程安全施工的各種管線的切斷、遷移工作。Theconstructionsideofemployershallberesponsibleforthecuttingoffandrelocatingworkofvariouspipelinesaffectingthesafeconstructionofthedemolitionworks.第一節(jié)

拆除工程施工常用方法和安全技術(shù)要求

Section1.CommonMethodsandSafetyTechnicalRequirementsforDemolitionWork

3.拆除工程安全防護(hù)措施（3）Safetyprecautionsfordemolitionworks

拆除施工采用的腳手架、安全網(wǎng)，必須由專業(yè)人員按設(shè)計(jì)方案搭設(shè)，由相關(guān)人員驗(yàn)收合格后方可使用。水平作業(yè)時(shí)，操作人員應(yīng)保持安全距離。Thescaffoldingandsafetynetsusedfordemolitionconstructionmustbeerectedbyprofessionalsaccordingtothedesignplan,andacceptedbytherelevantpersonnelbeforeuse.Duringhorizontaloperations,operatorsshallkeepasafedistance.4.拆除工程的文明施工管理（4）Civilizedconstructionmanagementfordemolitionworks

(1)清運(yùn)渣土的車輛應(yīng)封閉或覆蓋，出人現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)應(yīng)有專人指揮。清運(yùn)渣土的作業(yè)時(shí)間應(yīng)遵守工程所在地的有關(guān)規(guī)定。

Vehiclesusedtoremovemuckshallbeclosedorcovered,andbedirectedspeciallyattheaccesssite.Theoperationtimeofmuckremovalshallcomplywiththerelevantregulationsofthelocationofthework.

(2)對(duì)地下的各類管線，施工單位應(yīng)在地面上設(shè)置明顯標(biāo)識(shí)。對(duì)水、電、氣的檢查井、污水井應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)的保護(hù)措施。Forallkindsofundergroundpipelines,theconstructionsideof