大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷8（共230題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷8（共9套）

（共230題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第1套

一、詞匯理解（本題共70題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

Usingauumpulciorsmailplioiicalniglilcancauseuslupileunllicpounds,new

researchhasrevealed.Thestudyfoundalinkbetweenbluelight[Cl]一blue

lightisemittedbysmartphonesandtablets-andincreasedhunger.Itfoundthatexposure

tothelightincreaseshungerlevelsforseveralhoursandevenincreaseshungerlevels

aftereatingameal.ResultsoftheU.S.studyshowthatblue-enrichcdlightexposure,

comparedwith[C2]lightexposure,was[C3]withanincreasein

hungerthatbegan15minutesafterlightonsetandwasstill[C4]almosttwo

hoursafterthemeal.Bluelightexposurehasalsoalreadybeenshowntodecreased

sleepinessintheeveningincreasingtheriskofinsomnia.Studyco-authorIvyCheung,of

NorthwesternUniversity,inChicago,said:"Asinglethree-hourexposuretobluc-

enrichedlightintheevening[C5]impactedhungerandglucosemetabolism.

Theseresultsareimportantbecausetheysuggestthatmanipulatingenvironmentallight

exposureforhumansmayrepresentanovel[C6]ofinfluencingfoodintake

patternsandmetabolism."Thestudygroup[C7]10healthyadultswith

regularsleepandeatingscheduleswhoreceived[C8]carbohydrate-rich

meals.Theycompletedafour-daytrialunderdimlightconditions,whichinvolved

exposuretolessthan20luxduring16hoursawakeandlessthanthreeluxduringeight

hoursofsleep.Ondaythreetheywereexposedtothreehoursof260lux,blue-enrichcd

lightstarting10.5hoursafterwakingup,andtheeffectswerecomparedwithdimlight

exposureondaytwo.MsCheungsaidmoreresearchisneededto[C9]the

mechanismsofaction[CIO]intherelationshipbetweenlightexposure,

hungerandmetabolism.A)associatedF)rarelyK)identicalB)acutelyG)settleL)

mannerC)comprisedH)presentM)involvedD)determineI)approachN)dimE)dump

J)randomlyO)exposure

1、【Cl】’

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：0

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為名詞light,空格后為破折號(hào)，betweenbluelight

andincreasedhunger為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞（n.）。由句意可知，空

格處的名詞應(yīng)與“接觸”表意相近，同時(shí)第三段也提到lightexposure,名詞中只有0

項(xiàng)exposure“暴露”符合句意。故本題選0。

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為介詞with,空格后為lightexposure,因此空格處應(yīng)填入形容

詞（a.）o由句意可知，空格處的形容詞應(yīng)與'、暗淡的'’表意相近，而且第五段也提

到dimlightconditions,形容詞中只有N項(xiàng)dim“暗淡的，昏暗的”符合句意。故本

題選N。

3、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為be動(dòng)詞was,空格后為介詞with,因此空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞

的過(guò)去分詞（v.-cd）o由句意可知，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與“聯(lián)系”表意相近，動(dòng)詞中只

有A項(xiàng)associated"聯(lián)系”符合句意。故本題選A。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為wasstill,空格后為副詞almost,因此空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞

（a.）o由句意可知，空格處的形容詞應(yīng)與“存在的”表意相近，形容詞中只有H項(xiàng)

present”存在的"符合句意。故本題選H。

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為intheevening,空格后為謂語(yǔ)impacted,本句不缺主干成

分，因此空格處應(yīng)填入副詞（ad.）。由句意可知，空格處的副詞應(yīng)與“重大”表意

相近，副詞中只有B項(xiàng)acutely”深深地，極其”符合句意。故本題選B。

6、[C61

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為anovel,空格后為of,因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞（n.）。由句

意可知，空格處的名詞應(yīng)與“方法”表意相近，名詞中只有I項(xiàng)approach”方法，途

徑”符合句意。故本題選I。

7、[C71

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為主語(yǔ)Thestudygroup,空格后為賓語(yǔ)10heallhyadults,因此

空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞（v.）。由句意可知，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與“包含”表意相近，動(dòng)詞

中只有C項(xiàng)comprised”包括，包含，由……組成”符合句意。故本題選C。

8、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為received,空格后為carbohydrate-richmeals,因此空格處應(yīng)

填入形容詞(a.)o由句意可知，空格處的形容詞應(yīng)與“同一的”表意相近，形容詞

中只有K項(xiàng)identical“同一的，完全相同的”符合句意。故本題選K。

9、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為I。，空格后為定冠詞〔he,因此空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞(v.)。

由句意可知，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與'、決定'’表意相近，動(dòng)詞中只有D項(xiàng)detennme'、查

明；決定''符合句意。故本題選D。

10、[C10]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前為action,空格后為介詞in,因此空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞(v.)。

由句意可知，空格處的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與“涉及”表意相近，動(dòng)詞中只有M項(xiàng)involved”卷

入，涉及，參與''符合句意。故本題選M。

二、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共70分。）

Who'sReallyAddictingYoutoTechnology?[A]"NearlyeveryoneIknowisaddictedin

somemeasuretotheInternet,"wroteTonySchwartzinTheNewYorkTimes.It'sa

commoncomplaintthesedays.AsteadystreamofsimilarheadlinesaccusetheNetand

itsoffspringapps,socialmediasitesandonlinegamesofaddictingustodistraction.[B]

There'slittledoubtthatnearlyeveryonewhocomesincontactwiththeNethasdifficulty

disconnecting.Manyofus,likeSchwartz,struggletostayfocusedontasksthatrequire

moreconcentrationthanittakestopostastatusupdate.Asonepersonironicallyputitin

thecommentssectionofSchwartz'sonlinearticle,"AsIwasreadingthisveryexcellent

article,Istoppedatleasthalfadozentimestocheckmyemail."[C]There'ssomething

differentaboutthistechnology:itisbothinvasiveandpersuasive.Butwho'satfaultfor

itsoveruse?Tofindsolutions,it'simportanttounderstandwhatwc'rcdealingwith.There

arefourpartiesconspiringtokeepyouconnected:thetech,yourboss,yourfriendsand

you.|D|Thetechnologiesthemselves,andtheirmakers,aretheeasiestsuspectstoblame

forourdiminishingattentionspans.NicholasCarr,authorofTheShallows:Whatthe

InternetIsDoingtoOurBrains,wrote,"Thenetisdesignedtobeaninterruptionsystem,

amachinegearedtodividingattention.H[E]OnlineserviceslikeFacebook,Twitterand

thelike,arecalledoutasmastersofmanipulation-makingproductssogoodthatpeople

can'tstopusingthem.Afterstudyingtheseproductsforseveralyears,Iwroteabook

abouthowtheydoit.Ilearneditallstartswiththebusinessmodel.Sincetheseservices

relyonadvertisingrevenue,themorefrequentlyyouusethem,themoremoneythey

make.It'snowonderthesecompaniesemployteamsofpeoplefocusedonengineering

theirservicestobeasengagingaspossible.Theseproductsaren'thabit-formingby

chance:it'sbydesign.Theyhaveanincentivetokeepushooked.[F]However,asgood

astheseservicesare,therearesimplestepswecantaketokeepthematbay.For

example,wecanchangehowoftenwereceivethedistractingnotificationsthattrigger

oururgetocheck.AccordingtoAdamMarchick,CEOofmobilemarketingcompany

Kahuna,lessthan15percentofsmartphoneuserseverbothertoadjusttheirnotification

settings-meaningtheremaining85percentofusdefaulttotheappmakers'everypreset

trigger.GoogleandApplehavemadeitfartoodifficulttoadjustthesesettingssoit'sup

toustotakestepstoensurewesetthesetriggerstosuitourownneeds,nottheneedsof

theappmakers'.[G]WhilecompanieslikeFacebookharvestattentiontogenerate

revenuefromadvertisers,othertechnologieshavenosuchagenda.Takeemail,for

example.Thissystemcouldn'tcarelesshowoftenyouuseit.Yettomany,emailisthe

mosthabit-formingmediumofall.Wccheckemailatallhoursoftheday——wc'rc

obsessed.Butwhy?Becausethat'swhatthebosswants.Foralmostallwhite-collarjobs,

emailistheprimarytoolofcorporatecommunication.Aslowresponsetoamessage

couldhurtnotonlyyourreputationbutalsoyourlivelihood.[H]Yourfriendsarealso

responsiblefortheaddiction.Thinkaboutthisfamiliarscene.Peoplegatheredarounda

table,enjoyingfoodandeachother'scompany.There'slaughterandabitofkidding.

Then,duringanintervalintheconversation,someonetakesouttheirphonetocheckwho

knowswhat.Barelyanyonenoticesandnoonesaysathing.[I]Now,imaginethesame

dinner,butinsteadofcheckingtheirphone,thepersonbelches(打嗝)一loudly.Everyone

notices.Unlessthemealtakesplaceinabeerhouse,thisisconsideredbadmanners.The

impoliteactviolatesthebasicrulesofetiquette.Onehastowonder:whydon'tweapply

thesamesocialnormstocheckingphonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversationsas

wedotootherantisocialbehaviors?Somehow,weacceptitandsaynothingwhen

someoneoffends.[J]Therealityis,takingone'sphoneoutatthewrongtimeisworse

thanbelchingbecause,unlikeotherminoroffensecheckingtechiscontagious.Onceone

personlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame,startingachain

reaction.Themorepeopleareontheirphones,thefewerpeoplearetalkinguntilfinally

you'retheonlyoneleftnotreadingemailorcheckingTwitter.Fromasocietal

perspective,phonecheckingislesslikebelchinginpublicandmorelikeanotherbad

habit.Ourphonesarclikecigarettes—somethingtodowhenwc'rcanxious,boredor

whenourfingersneedsomethingtotoywith.Seeingothersenjoyasmoke,orsneaka

quickglance,istootemptingtoresistandsooneveryoneisdoingit.|K|Thetechnology,

yourboss,andyourfriends,allinfluencehowoftenyoufindyourselfusing(or

overusing)thesegadgets.Butthere'sstillsomeonewhodeservesscrutiny-theperson

holdingthephone.[L]Ihaveaconfession.EventhoughIstudyhabit-forming

technologyforaliving,disconnectingisnoteasyforme.I'monlinefarmorethanI'dlike.

LikeSchwartzandsomanyothers,Ioftenfindmyselfdistractedandofftask.Iwantedto

knowwhysoIbeganself-monitoringtotrytounderstandmybehavior.That'swhenI

discoveredanuncomfortabletruth.Iusetechnologyasanescape.WhenI'mdoing

somethingI'drathernotdo,orwhenI'msomeplaceI'drathernotbe.1usemyphoneto

portmyselfelsewhere.Ifoundthatthisabilitytoinstantlyshiftmyattentionwasoftena

Noodthing,likewhenpassingtimeonpublictransportation.Butfrequentlymytechuse

wasnotsobenign.WhenIfaceddifficultwork,likethinkingthroughanarticleideaor

editingthesamedraftforthehundredthtime,forexample,amoresinisterscreenwould

drawmein.Icouldeasilyescapediscomfort,temporarily,byansweringemailsor

browsingthewebunderthepretenseofso-called"research."ThoughIdesperately

wantedtolayblameelsewhere,Ifinallyhadtoadmitthatmybadhabitshadlesstodo

withnew-agetechnologyandmoretodowithold-fashionedprocrastination（拖延）.|M|

It'seasytoblametechnologyforbeingsodistracting,butdistractionisnothingnew.

AristotleandSocratesdebatedthenatureof"akrasia"-ourtendencytodothingsagainst

ourinterests.Ifwe'rehonestwithourselves,techisjustanotherwaytooccupyourtime

andminds.Ifweweren'tonourdevices,we'dlikelydosomethingsimilarly

unproductive.[N]Personaltechnologyisindeedmoreengagingthanever,andthere'sno

doubtcompaniesarcengineeringtheirproductsandservicestobemorecompellingand

attractive.Butwouldwewantitanyotherway?Theintendedresultofmakingsomething

betteristhatpeopleuseitmore.That'snotnecessarilyaproblem,that'sprogress.|O

Theseimprovementsdon'tmeanweshouldn'tattempttocontrolouruseoftechnology.In

ordertomakesureitdoesn'tcontrolus,weshouldcometotermswiththefactthatits

morethanthetechnologyitselfthat'sresponsibleforourhabits.Ourworkplaceculture,

socialnormsandindividualbehaviorsallplayapart.Toputtechnologyinitsplace,we

mustbeconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyischanging,butalsoofhowitischanging

us.

11、Onlineservicesaresodesignedthatthemoretheyareused,themoreprofitthey

generate.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)析：題干：在線服務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)初哀就是它們被使用得越多，產(chǎn)生的利潤(rùn)就越

多。題干的關(guān)鍵詞ORlineservices>themoretheyareused,themoreprofitthey

generate與E段第四句Sincetheseservices…themorefrequentlyyouusethem,the

moremoneytheymake相對(duì)應(yīng)，theseservices指E段第一句中的Onlineserviceslike

Facebook,Twitterandthe1汰e,題干是對(duì)E段第四句的同義替換。故本題選E。

12、Theauthoradmitsusingtechnologyasanescapefromthetaskathand.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L一

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：作者承認(rèn)以技術(shù)為借口來(lái)逃避手頭的任務(wù)。題干的關(guān)鍵詞The

authoradmits與L段第一句Ihaveaconfession相對(duì)應(yīng)：題干關(guān)鍵詞usingtechnology

asallescapefromthetaskathand與L段第七句Iusetechnologyasanescape相對(duì)

應(yīng)，接卜來(lái)的第八、九句做了進(jìn)一步解釋，題十是對(duì)L段內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。故本

題選L。

13、Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormalbutnotbelching.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：在用餐時(shí)查看手機(jī)現(xiàn)在已被視為是正常的，但打嗝不行。題干

的關(guān)鍵詞Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormal與I段末句中的we

acceptitandsaynothingwhensomeoneoffends相對(duì)應(yīng)，it指倒數(shù)第二句中提到的

checkingphonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversations；題干關(guān)鍵詞butnot

belching與I段第三句中的thisisconsideredbadmanners相對(duì)應(yīng),this指第一?句中的

thesamedinner...thepersonbelchesloudlyo題干是對(duì)I段內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。故

本題選Io

14、Tomakeproperuseoftechnology,weshouldnotonlyincreaseourawarenessof

howitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：0

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：為更好地利用技術(shù)，我們不僅應(yīng)該提高對(duì)技術(shù)如何變化的認(rèn)

識(shí)。還應(yīng)該提高對(duì)它如何影響我們的認(rèn)識(shí)。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Tomakeproperuseof

technologyincreaseourawarenessofhowitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus

與O段末句Toputtechnologyinitsplace、beconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyis

changing,butalsoofhowitischangingUS相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)O段末句的同義替

換。故本題選0。

15、MostofusfindithardtofocusonourimmediatelasksbecauseofInternet

distractions.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：我們大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為，由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的干擾，我們很難專注于眼

前的任務(wù)。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Mostofus^hardtofocusonourimmediatetasksbecauseof

Internetdistractions與B段第二句中的Manyofus...struggletostayfocusedontasks

ihatrequiremoreconcentration相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)B段第二句的同義替換。故本題選

Bo

16、Whenonepersonstartscheckingtheirphone,theotherswillfollowsuit.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：當(dāng)一個(gè)人開始查看手機(jī)時(shí)，其他人也會(huì)跟著這么做。題干的關(guān)

鍵詞oneperson>checkingtheirphonetheothers和followsuit與J段第二句中的

Onceonepersonlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame-

startingachainreaction題干是對(duì)J段第二句的同義替換。故本題選J。

17、Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusersdon'ttakethetroubletoadjusttheirsettings

tosuittheirpurposes.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：絕大多數(shù)智能手機(jī)用戶不會(huì)費(fèi)勁地去調(diào)整設(shè)置以滿足自己的需

求。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusers、don'ttakethetroubleto

adjusttheirsettings與F段第三句中的theremaining85percentofus、less...ever

bothertoadjusttheirnotificationsettings相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干關(guān)鍵詞suittheirpurposes與F

段末句中的suitourownneeds相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)F段第三、四句的概括總結(jié)。故本

題選F。

18、TheInternetisregardedbysomeasdesignedtodistractourattention.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：有些人認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)就是設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)分散我們的注意力的。題干的關(guān)

鍵詞TheInternet>designedtodistractOurattention與D段末句中的Thenct^

designedtobeallinterruptionsystem,amachinegearedtodividingattention相對(duì)應(yīng)°

題干是對(duì)D段末句的同義替換。故本題選D。

19、Theauthorattributeshistechaddictionchieflytohishabitofputtingoffdoingwhat

heshoulddorightaway.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析：題干：作者將他的技術(shù)上癮主要?dú)w因于他推遲做他應(yīng)該馬上做的事情

的習(xí)慣。題干的關(guān)鍵詞attributes...chieflytohishabitof與L段末句中的layblame

hadlesstodowith...andmoretodowith…相對(duì)應(yīng),題干關(guān)鍵詞histechaddiction>

puttingoffdoingwhatheshoulddorightaway與末句中的mybadhabits、

procrastination相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)L段末句的同義替換。故本題選L。

20、White-collarworkerscheckemailroundtheclockbecauseilisrequiredbytheir

employers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：白領(lǐng)們?nèi)旌虻夭榭措娮余]件，因?yàn)檫@是他們的雇主要求的。

題干的關(guān)鍵詞White-collarworkers與G段倒數(shù)第二句中的white-collarjobs相對(duì)

應(yīng)，題干關(guān)鍵詞checkemailroundtheclock與G段第五句中的checkemailatall

hoursoftheday相對(duì)應(yīng),題干關(guān)鍵詞becauseitisrequiredbytheiremployers與G段

第七句Becausethafswhatthebosswants相對(duì)應(yīng)。題干是對(duì)G段的概括總結(jié)。故本

題選G。

三、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。）

OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourceforfeedingtheEarth'spopulation,

especiallyinthefaceofclimatechangeandotherglobalchallenges.That'stheconclusion

Ireachedinreviewing40yearsofsciencecomparingthelong-termprospectsoforganic

andconventionalfarming.Thereviewstudy,"OrganicAgricultureinthe21stCentury,"

isfeaturedasthecoverstoryfbrtheFebruaryissueofthejournalNaturePlants.Itisthe

firsttocompareorganicandconventionalagricultureacrossthemaingoalsof

sustainabilityidentifiedbytheNationalAcademyofSciences:productivity,economics

andenvironment.Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,

requiringmorelandtoyieldthesameamountoffood.It'struethatorganicfanning

producesloweryields,averaging10to20percentless（hanconventional.Advocates

contendthattheenvironmentaladvantagesoforganicagriculturefaroutweighthelower

yields,andthatincreasingresearcharidbreedingresourcesfororganicsystemswould

reducetheyieldgap.Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsisthefactthatwe

alreadyproduceenoughfoodtomorethanfeedtheworld's7.4billionpeoplebutdonot

provideadequateaccesstoallindividuals.Insomecases,organicyieldscanbehigher

thanconventional.Forexample,inseveredroughtconditions,whichareexpectedto

increasewithclimatechangeinmanyareas,organicfarmscanproduceasgood,ifnot

better,yieldsbecauseofthehigherwater-holdingcapacityoforganicallyfarmedsoils.

Whatsciencedoestellusisthatmainstreamconventionalfarmingsystemshaveprovided

growingsuppliesoffoodandotherproductsbutoftenattheexpenseofother

sustainabilitygoals.Conventionalagriculturemayproducemorefood,butitoftencomes

alacosttotheenvironment.Biodiversityloss,environmentaldegradation,andsevere

impactsonecosystemserviceshavenotonlyaccompaniedconventionalfarmingsystems

buthaveoftenextendedwellbeyondtheirfieldboundaries.Withorganicagriculture,

environmentalcoststendtobelowerandthebenefitsgreater.Overall,organicfarmstend

tostoremoresoilcarbon,havebettersoilqualityandreducesoilerosioncomparedto

theirconventionalcounterparts.Organicagriculturealsocreateslesssoilandwater

pollutionandlowergreenhousegasemissions.Andit'smoreenergy-efficientbecauseit

doesn'trelyonsyntheticfertilizersorpesticides.Organicagricultureisalsoassociated

withgreaterbiodiversityofplants,animals,insectsandmicroorganismsaswellas

geneticdiversity.Biodiversityincreasestheservicesthatnatureprovidesandimproves

theabilityoffarmingsystemstoadapttochangingconditions.Despiteloweryields,

organicagricultureismoreprofitableforfarmersbecauseconsumersarewillingtopay

more.Higherprices,calledpricepremiums,canbejustifiedasawaytocompensate

farmersfbrprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternal

costs.

21、Whatdowelearnfromtheconclusionoftheauthor'sreviewstudy?

A^Moreresourcesshouldbetappedforfeedingtheworld'spopulation.

B、Organicfarmingmaybeexploitedtosolvetheglobalfoodproblem.

C^Thelong-termprospectsoforganicfarmingareyettobeexplored.

D^Organicfarmingisatleastaspromisingasconventionalfarming.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞conclusion和reviewstudy定位至首段最后

一句，但是該句無(wú)法解題。該定位句中含有代詞That,需看定位句上一句解題。

上一句指出OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourcefbrfeedingtheEarth's

population（有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)是養(yǎng)活地球人口的一種相對(duì)未被開發(fā)的資源），B項(xiàng)“有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)

可以用來(lái)解決全球糧食問(wèn)題”是對(duì)首句的同義替換。故本題選B。A項(xiàng)”應(yīng)該開發(fā)更

多的資源來(lái)養(yǎng)活世界人口''與首段首句“有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)是一種相對(duì)未被開發(fā)的資源”表述

不符，原文并未提及。C項(xiàng)“有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期前景還有待探索”與首段作者對(duì)有機(jī)農(nóng)

業(yè)的前景持肯定態(tài)度的表述不符。D項(xiàng)”有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)至少和傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)一樣有前途”與原

文表述不符，從全文來(lái)看，有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)有前途。

22、Whatisthecritics,argumentagainstorganicfarming?

A、Itcannotmeettheneedforfood.

Itcannotincreasefarmyields.

C^Itisnotreallypractical.

D、Itisnotthatproductive.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thecritics'argument定位至第三段首句，該

句指出Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,requiringmore

landtoyieldthesameamountoffood（長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，批評(píng)人士一直認(rèn)為有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)效率低

下，需要更多的土地來(lái)生產(chǎn)同樣數(shù)量的糧食），其言外之意是有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)沒那么高

產(chǎn)，D項(xiàng)“它沒有那么高產(chǎn)”是對(duì)首句的適度推斷。故本題選D。A項(xiàng)“它不能滿足

對(duì)糧食的需求”、B項(xiàng)“它不能增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量”和C項(xiàng)“它不是切實(shí)可行的“原文均未

提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

23、Whaldoestheauthorthinkshouldbetakenintoaccountinarguingaboutorganic

farming?

A、Growthinworldpopulation.

B、Deteriorationinsoilfertility.

C^Inequalityinfooddistribution.

D、Advanceinfarmingtechnology.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞shouldbetakenintoaccount和arguing定位

至第三段最后一句，其中Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsis（這些論點(diǎn)有時(shí)

忽略了……）與題干關(guān)鍵詞反向同義。該句指出“這些論點(diǎn)有時(shí)忽略了這樣一個(gè)事

實(shí)：我們生產(chǎn)的糧食已經(jīng)足夠養(yǎng)活世界上74億人，但我們卻并沒有為所有人提供

足夠的食物“，由此可推斷出作者認(rèn)為糧食產(chǎn)量足夠，只是沒有分配到所有人，C

項(xiàng)“糧食分配的不均”是對(duì)最后一句的適度推斷。故本題選C。A項(xiàng)“世界人口的增

長(zhǎng)”、B項(xiàng)“土壤肥力的下降”和D項(xiàng)“農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步”均利用原文的個(gè)別信息進(jìn)行

雜糅，屬于無(wú)中生有。

24、Whatdoessciencetellusaboutconventionalfanning?

Itwillnotbeabletomeetglobalfooddemand.

B、Ilisnotconducivetosustainabledevelopment.

C^Itwilleventuallygivewaytoorganicfarming.

D>Itisgoingmainstreamthroughouttheworld.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞science和conventionalfarming定位至第五

段。該段指出mainstreamconventionalfarmingsystems...oftenattheexpenseofother

sustainabilitygoals（主流的傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)……往往是以犧牲其他可持續(xù)性目標(biāo)為代

價(jià)的），即“傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)不利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展”，B項(xiàng)“它不利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展”是對(duì)第五段的

同義替換。故本題選B,A項(xiàng)“它將不能滿足全球糧食需求”與第三段最后一句“我

們生產(chǎn)的糧食已經(jīng)足夠養(yǎng)活世界上74億人”表述相反，屬于正反混淆。C項(xiàng)“它最

終將被有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)取代''為過(guò)度推斷，原文提到傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)不利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展，并未提

及傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)”最終將被有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)取代D項(xiàng)“它正成為世界主流”將原文中既有的事

實(shí)“傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)已經(jīng)是主流”曲解為科學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)的內(nèi)容。

25、Whydoestheauthorthinkhigherpricesoforganicfarmproducearejustifiable?

A、Theygivefarmersgoingorganicabigcompetitiveedge.

B、Theymotivatefarmerstoupgradefarmingtechnology.

C>Organicfarmingcostsmorethanconventionalfarming.

D、Organicfarmingdoeslong-termgoodtotheecosystem.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞higherprices和justifiable定位至最后一段

最后一句。該句指出Higherprices...canbejustifiedasawaytocompensatefanners

forprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternal

costs（更高的價(jià)格……也是合情合理的，這可以作為對(duì)農(nóng)民提供生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)、避

免破壞環(huán)境或外部成本的一種補(bǔ)償），D項(xiàng)“有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有長(zhǎng)期的好處”是

對(duì)最后一句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選D。A項(xiàng)”它們給采用有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的農(nóng)民很大的競(jìng)

爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”屬于無(wú)中生有，原文最后一句只提及有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的高價(jià)是對(duì)農(nóng)民的補(bǔ)償，

并未提及會(huì)給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。B項(xiàng)“它們激勵(lì)農(nóng)民升級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)”和C項(xiàng)“有機(jī)

農(nóng)業(yè)比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)花費(fèi)更高”均屬于無(wú)中生有。

Itiseasytomissamidtheday-to-dayheadlinesofglobaleconomicrecession,butthereis

alessconspicuouskindofsocialupheaval（居lj變）underwaythatisfastalteringboththe

faceoftheplanetandthewayhumanbeingslive.Thatchangeistherapidaccelerationof

urbanization.In2008,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,morethanhalftheworld's

populationwaslivingintownsandcities.Andasarecentlypublishedpapershows,the

processofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthedecadestocome-withanenormous

impactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimatechange.AsKarenSeto,theleadauthor

ofthepaper,pointsout,thewaveofurbanizationisn'tjustaboutthemigrationofpeople

intourbanenvironments,butabouttheenvironmentsthemselvesbecomingbiggerto

accommodateallthosepeople.Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahuge

impactonbiodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas.Humans

aretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveintonewterritory,theyoftendisplace

thewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere.Andaslandisclearedforthosenewcities一

especiallyinthedensetropicalforests-carbonwillbereleasedintotheatmosphereas

well.It'struethataspeopleindevelopingnationsmovefromthecountrysidetothecity,

theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,whichcouldinturnbegoodforthe

environment.Thisisespeciallysoindesperatelypoorcountries,whereresidentsinthe

countrysideslashandbumforestseachgrowingseasontoclearspaceforfarming.But

therealdifferenceisthatindevelopingnations,themovefromruralareastocitiesoften

leadstoanaccompanyingincreaseinincome—andthatincreaseleadstoanincreasein

theconsumptionoffoodandenergy,whichinturncausesariseincarbonemissions.

Gettingenoughtoeatandenjoyingthesafetyandcomtbitoflivingfullyonthegridis

certainlyagoodthing—butitdoescarryanenvironmentalprice.Theurbanizationwave

can'tbestopped—anditshouldn'tbe.ButSeto'spaperdoesunderscoretheimportanceof

managingthattransition.Ifwedoittherightway,wecanreduceurbanization'simpact

ontheenvironment."There*sanenormousopportunityhere,andalotofpressureand

respunsibililytothinkabouthowweurbanize,"saysStlo."Onethingthat'sclearisdial

wecan'tbuildcitiesthewaywehaveoverthelastcoupleofhundredyears.Thescaleof

thistransitionwon'tallowthat."We'reheadedtowardsanurbanplanetnomatterwhat,

butwhetheritbecomesheavenorhellisuptous.

26、Whatissuedoestheauthortrytodrawpeople'sattentionto?

A、Theshrinkingbiodiversityworldwide.

B、Therapidincreaseofworldpopulation.

C^Theongoingglobaleconomicrecession.

D、Theimpactofacceleratingurbanization.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞drawpeople'sattention和“題文同序”原則定

位到前兩段。第一段末句指出theprocessofurbanizationwillonlyaccelerateinthe

decadestocome—withanenormousimpactonbiodiversityandpotentiallyonclimate

change（城市化進(jìn)程只會(huì)在未來(lái)幾十年加速，對(duì)生物多樣性和氣候變化產(chǎn)生巨大影

響），第二段末句指出Therapidexpansionofurbanareaswillhaveahugeimpacton

biodiversityhotspotsandoncarbonemissionsinthoseurbanareas（城市的快速擴(kuò)張將

對(duì)生物多樣性熱門地區(qū)和城市的碳排放產(chǎn)生巨大影響），這兩句話指的是同一個(gè)問(wèn)

題，即作者試圖引起人們注意的問(wèn)題，因此D項(xiàng)“城市化加速的影響”是對(duì)這兩句

的同義替換。故本題選D。A項(xiàng)“全球生物多樣性的萎縮”、B項(xiàng)“世界人口的迅速

增長(zhǎng)”和C項(xiàng)“持續(xù)的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退”雖然在第一段都出現(xiàn)了，但都不是作者試圖引

起人們注意的問(wèn)題。

27、Inwhatsensearehumanstheultimateinvasivespecies?

A、Theyaremuchgreedierthanotherspecies.

B、Ihcyarcauniquespeciesborntoconquer.

C、Theyforceotherspeciesoutoftheirterritories.

D、Theyhaveanurgetoexpandtheirlivingspace.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞humans和theultimateinvasivespecies定位

至lj第三段。首句提至ljHumansaretheultimateinvasivespecies—whentheymoveinto

newterritory,theyoftendisplacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere（/、類是最終

的入侵物種，當(dāng)他們進(jìn)入新的領(lǐng)地時(shí)，通常會(huì)取代已經(jīng)生活在那里的野生動(dòng)物），

因此C項(xiàng)“他們迫使其他物種離開它們的領(lǐng)地“符合文意，forceotherspeciesoutof

theirterritories是對(duì)原文displacethewildlifethatwasalreadylivingthere的同義替

換。故本題選C。A項(xiàng)“他們比其他物種貪婪得多”、B項(xiàng)“他們是生來(lái)就是為了征

服的獨(dú)特物種”和D項(xiàng)“他們有擴(kuò)大生活空間的沖動(dòng)”均屬于無(wú)中生有。

28、Inwhatwayisurbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodfortheenvironment?

A、Morelandwillbepreservedforwildlife.

B、Thepressureonfarmlandwillbelessened.

CNCarbonemissionswillbeconsiderablyreduced.

D、Naturalresourceswillbeusedmoreeffectively.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：R

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞urbanizationinpoorcountriesgoodforthe

environment定位到第三段。第三句指出It'struethataspeopleindevelopingnations

movefromthecountrysidetothecity,theshiftmayreducethepressureonland,which

couldinturnbegoodfortheenvironment（誠(chéng)然，隨著發(fā)展中畝家的人們從農(nóng)村遷移

到城市，這種轉(zhuǎn)變可能會(huì)減輕土地的壓力，這反過(guò)來(lái)又有利于環(huán)境），結(jié)合第四句

可知，貧窮國(guó)家的農(nóng)村居民每到作物的種植季都會(huì)砍伐并燒毀森林，清理出土地用

來(lái)耕種，所以說(shuō)，貧窮國(guó)家的城市化會(huì)減輕