大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷57（共250題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷57（共9套）

（共250題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第1套

一、詞匯理解（本題共70題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

LamaiOdum,thestarfuiwaidintheNBA,isknownIvrhisoutsizedluveufuaiidy,

sometimeseating[Cl]bagsofchocolateandjellybeansongameday.Last

week,adoctorandNBAfanwroteanessay[C2]Odom'ssweettoothtohis

inconstantandsometimesslowplay.Odomcounteredthat,ifanything,the[C3]

sugarhelpshisperformance.Butwhatdostudieshavetosay?Accordingto

research,candybeforeexercisecan[C4]performance,butonlytoapoint.

Studieshaveshown,forexample,thatwhenathleteseata180-caloriecandybarandthen

rideabikeforanhour-rushingforthefinal15minutes-they[C5]betterthan

ondayswhentheydrinkonlybeforehand.Butondayswhenthe[C6]eatasolid

mealafewhoursearlierandthenhavesugarbeforeriding,theydobetterthanonjustthe

sugaralone.Candycanbeas[C7]ashealthieroptionslikefruit,andbecause

people[C8]releaselittleinsulin(胰島素)duringexercise,crashingisunlikely,

saidNancyClark,asportsnutritionist.Buicandylacksnutrientsthatarecriticaltothings

likebonestrengthandpost-exercise[C9].Forbestresults,pre-exercisemeals

shouldcombineproteinandeasilydigestiblecarbohydrates.Sugarcanworkasquick

[CIO]fbrexercise,butnutrient-richfoodsarebetter.A)excessiveB)efficient

C)rallyD)performE)fuelF)boastingG)coarselyH)entireI)enhanceJ)typicallyK)hazard

L)subjectsM)lodgesN)linkingO)recovery

1、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：處應(yīng)為定語(yǔ)成分，可為形容詞或分詞。該句中的outsizedlove表明奧

多姆很喜歡吃糖，有時(shí)更會(huì)把巧克力或軟糖"整包''吃掉，由此可見(jiàn)，entire一詞最

適合本句句意。本句也可能說(shuō)奧多姆吃“過(guò)多”的巧克力和軟糖，但要注意，如果要

表達(dá)這個(gè)內(nèi)容，空白處后不會(huì)有bagsof這些詞，直接說(shuō)excessivechocolaleand

jellybeans就行了，這樣，從習(xí)慣用法上應(yīng)該將excessive排除掉。

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為后置定語(yǔ)成分，可以是形容詞或分詞，并可與I。搭配。根

據(jù)本句的內(nèi)容和“能與t。搭配''這個(gè)條件可以推斷此處應(yīng)選用linking一詞，

link...to...意為“把……與……聯(lián)系起來(lái)”。

3、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為定語(yǔ)成分，可為形容詞或分詞。在本句中，奧多姆對(duì)上一句

對(duì)他的批評(píng)做出反駁，據(jù)此可知奧多姆的看法應(yīng)該是，糖吃得“多”反而有助于他的

表現(xiàn)，由此可見(jiàn)，空白處應(yīng)表“多”之義，因此，本題答案應(yīng)為excessive。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為原形動(dòng)詞?？瞻滋幍膭?dòng)詞應(yīng)說(shuō)明糖果如何影響運(yùn)動(dòng)員的表

現(xiàn)，是可以讓他們成績(jī)“上升”還是“下降”呢?根據(jù)下一句空白處后的bener一詞可知

本句應(yīng)表明糖果可“提高”運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成績(jī)，因此，本題應(yīng)選用enhance一詞。

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為原形動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)本句和上一句的內(nèi)容可以推斷空白處的動(dòng)詞

應(yīng)有“表現(xiàn)”、“做”的意思，因此.本題答案應(yīng)為perform。

6、[C6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞?？瞻滋幍拿~應(yīng)為此次研究的對(duì)象Gubjcc⑻，也就是

上一句提到過(guò)的“運(yùn)動(dòng)員”(alhletes),在名詞詞庫(kù)中只有subjects一詞符合題意。

7、[C7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為形容詞。通過(guò)上一段的內(nèi)容可以知道糖果和水果一樣“有益

于“健康，空白處的形容詞應(yīng)帶有褒義，因此，形容詞詞庫(kù)中的efficient最為合

適。

8、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為副詞。此處的副詞應(yīng)幫助強(qiáng)調(diào)人們“尤其''在運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)分泌很少

胰島素，lypically意為“尤其”，故為本題答案。

9、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：0

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞?？瞻滋嶩。的post-exercise是本題最好的提不，空白處

應(yīng)為具有運(yùn)動(dòng)后“恢復(fù)”的意思，在選項(xiàng)中，recovery和rally都有“恢復(fù)（健康）”的意

思，但rally表“恢復(fù)（健康）”之義時(shí)是動(dòng)詞，不符合本題對(duì)詞性的要求，因此，

recovery為本題答案。

10、［C10］

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞。根據(jù)本文對(duì)糖果的研究可以推斷本句應(yīng)表明糖果可以

迅速地提供''能量"，在名詞詞庫(kù)中，fuel與此意思最為相近，因此，選fuel。

二、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

KeepOurSeasCleanA）Bytheyear2050itisestimatedthattheworld'spopulationcould

haveincreasedtoaround12billion.Ofthese,some60percentwilllivewithin60kmof

thesea.Theagriculturalandindustrialactivitiesrequiredtosupportthispopulationwill

increasethealreadysignificantpressuresonfertilecoastalareas.Deathanddisease

causedbypollutedcoastalwaterscoststheglobale-conomyUS$12.8billionayear.

Plasticwastekillsupto1millionseabirds,100,000seamammalsandcountlessfish

eachyear.B）Onesignificantimpactofhumanactivityismarinepollution.Themost

visibleandfamiliarisoilpollutioncausedbytankeraccidentsandtankwashingatsea,

andinadditiontothegrossvisibleshort-termimpacts,severelong-termproblemscan

alsoresult.InthecaseoftheExxonValdezwhichranontoashoreinAlaskain1989,

biologicalimpactsfromtheoilspillcanstillbeidentified15yearsaftertheeventThe

PrestigewhichsankofftheSpanishcoastlatein2002,resultedinhugeeconomiclosses

asitpollutedmorethan100beachesinFranceandSpainandeffectivelydestroyedthe

localfishingindustry.C）Despitethescaleandvisibilityofsuchimpacts,thetotal

quantitiesofpollutantsenteringtheseafromthelonglineofcatastrophicoilspills

appearedsmallcomparedwiththoseofpollutantsintroduceddirectlyandindirectlyfrom

othersources,includingdomesticsewage,industrialdischarges,leakagesfromwastetips,

urbanandindustrialrun-off,accidents,spillages,explosions,seadumpingoperations,oil

production,mining,agriculturenutrientsandpesticides,wasteheatsources,and

radioactivedischarges.Landbasedsourcesareestimatedtoaccountloraround44

percentofthepollutantsenteringtheseaandatmosphericinputsaccountforanestimated

33percent.Bycontrast,transportontheseaaccountsfor12percent.D）Theimpactsof

pollutionvary.Nutrientpollutionfromsewagedischargesandagriculturecanresultin

unsightlyandpossiblydangerous"blooms'*ofalgae（藻類）incoastalwaters.Asthese

bloomsdieanddecaytheyuseuptheoxygeninthewater.Thishasled,insomeareas,to

"creepingdeadzones"（CDZ）,whereoxygendissolvedinthewaterfallstolevelsunable

tosustainmarinelife.Industrialpollutionalsocontributestothesedeadzones.

E）Radioactive（放射性的］pollutionhasmanycauses,includingthenormaloperationof

nuclearpowerstations,butbyfarthesinglebiggestsourcesofman-maderadioactive

elementsintheseaarcthenuclearfuelreprocessingplantsatLaHagueinFranceandat

SellafieldintheUKWastereleasedfromthemhasresultedinthewidespreadpollutionof

livingmarineresourcesoverawidearea;radioactiveelementstraceabletoreprocessing

canbefoundinseaweedsasfarawayastheWestGreenlandCoast.F)Traccmetal

pollutionfrommetalmining,productionandprocessingindustriescandamagethehealth

ofmarineplantsandanimalsandrendersomeseafoodsunfitfbrhumanconsumption.

Thecontributionofhumanactivitiescanbeverysignificant:theamountofmercury

introducedtotheenvironmentbyindustrialactivitiesisaroundfourtimestheamount

releasedthroughnaturalprocessessuchasweatheringanderosion(腐蝕).G)Thcinputof

man-madechemicalstotheoceanspotentiallyinvolvesanoverwhelmingnumberof

differentsubstances.63,000differentchemicalsarethoughttobeinuseworldwidewith

3,000accountingfor90percentofthetotalproductionamount.Eachyear,anywhereup

to1,000newsyntheticchemicalsmaybebroughtontothemarket.Ofallthesechemicals

some4,500fallintothemostseriouscategory.Theseareknownaspersistentorganic

poilutants(POPs).They'reresistanttobreakdownandhavethepotentialtoaccumulatein

thetissuesoflivingorganisms(allmarinelife),causinghormonedisruptionwhichcan,in

turn,causereproductiveproblems,inducecancer,suppresstheimmunesystemand

interferewithnormalmentaldevelopmentinchildren.H)POPscanalsobetransported

longdistancesintheatmosphereanddepositedincoldregions.Asaresult,Inuit

populationswholiveintheArcticalongdistancefromthesourcesofthesepollutantsare

amongthemostseverelyinfluencedpeopleontheplanet,sincetheyrelyonfat-rich

marinefoodsourcessuchasfishandseals.POPsarealsothoughttoberesponsiblefor

somepolarbearpopulationsfailingtoreproducenormally.Scarily,seafoodsconsumed

bypeoplelivinginwarmandmildregionsarcalsoaffectedbyPOPs.Oilyfishtendto

accumulatePOPsintheirbodiesandthesecanbepassedtohumanconsumers.Whenoily

fisharerenderedclownintofishmealandfishoilsandsubsequentlyusedtofeedother

animals,thenthistoocanactasapathwaytohumans.Farmedfishandshellfish,dairy

cattle,poultryandpigsareallfedfishmealincertaincountries,andsomeatanddairy

productsaswellasfarmedandwildfishcanactasfurthersourcesofthesechemicalsto

humans.I)TheNorthandBalticSeasalsocontainsomeoftheworld'sbusiestshipping

lanes.200,000shipscrosstheNorthSeaeveryyear.Manygoodstransportedbyshipsarc

hazardous(halfthegoodscarriedatseacanbedescribedasdangerous)andlossof

dangerouscargoescanresultindamagetothemarineenvironment.Chemicaltank

washings,dischargeofoilywastesandwashwatersareallsignificantsourcesofmarine

pollution.J)Inadditionthereisalwaystheriskofamajoroilspill,ariskmadeworseby

thefactthatsomeofthetankersthatroutinelytravelthroughstillhaveonlyonebody-

frameorhaveothertechnicaldefectsandcrewswhoarepoorlyeducated.InNovember

2002,thePrestigeoiltankerwentdownoffthecoastofSpainwith70,000tonsofoilon

boardwhichpolluted2,890kmofcoastline.Afewdaysearlierithadbeencrossingthe

Baltic.K)Somesourcesofpollutionhavebeenbroughtundercontrolbyinternational

legislation.CountrieswhichsignedtheLondonConventionhaveagreedtostopthe

dumpingofradioactiveandindustrialwasteatsea.TheOSPARConventionregulates

marinepollutionintheNorthEastAtlanticRegionwhilecountrieswhichsignedthe

StockholmConventionhavecommittedthemselvestothephaseoutofanumberof

persistentorganicpollutants.WithintheEuropeanCommunity,theWaterFramework

Directivemaybeexpectedtobringfurtherreductionsinpollutinginputs,althoughitwill

beoveraverylongtimeframe.TheadditionalbenefitofthenewEU

REACH(RegistrationEvaluationandAuthorisationofChemicals)initiative,whichaims

toregulatetheproductionanduseofdangerouschemicalsatsource,remainstobeseen.

11、TheregulationofmarinepollutionintheNorthEastAtlanticRegionisbasedonthe

OSPARConvention.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目的OSPARConvention定位到K段。該段第3句采用主動(dòng)句

式TheOSPARCon一ventionregulates…，意思跟題目無(wú)異。故可確定K段為該題出

處。

12、Thefactthatsometankersstillhaveonlyonebody-frameorhaveothertechnical

defectsmakingbiggerpossibilityofoilspill.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J八

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的onebody-frame及technicaldefects可以定位到J段。J

段首句也出現(xiàn)了題目中提到的fact,且該詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容與題目中的從句語(yǔ)

義幾乎一致，故選J。

13、Aboutone-thirdofthepollutantsenteringtheseacomefromatmosphericinputs.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章B、C兩段是說(shuō)明海洋污染的來(lái)源，B段重點(diǎn)介紹油污染，C段

則提到其他的污染源。題目中aboutone-lhird與C段倒數(shù)第2句的33percent所指

的比率相同，而且都指atmosphericinputs的比率，故選Co

14、Theovergrowofalgaewillresultinoxygenshortageinthewater,whichledto

"creepingdeadzones".

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目明顯的信號(hào)詞creepingdeadzones,可定位到D段。題目的

overgrow對(duì)應(yīng)該段倒數(shù)第3句blooms,oxygenshortage對(duì)應(yīng)原文的useupthe

oxygen。

15、Inwarmandmildregions,farmedfishandshellfisharealsoaffectedbyPOPs

becausetheyarefedfishmeal.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的POPs可將范圍縮小在G、H段。其U」H段重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明

POPs的危害和影響，本題的內(nèi)容與之有關(guān)。H段末句的thesechemicals指的就是

POPs,而該句中的So表明養(yǎng)殖的魚(yú)類和貝殼類都會(huì)受POPs的影響，因?yàn)檫@些養(yǎng)

殖水產(chǎn)areallfedfishmeal,題目意思與此相符。

16>Aslongas2,890kmofcoastlinehadbeenpollutedbytheoilspillofthePrestigeoil

tanker.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵信息Prestigeoiltanker及數(shù)字2,890可直接定位到J

段。J段倒數(shù)第2句以該郵輪為例說(shuō)明嚴(yán)重漏油的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，題目語(yǔ)義與該句意思一

致，故選J。

17、Oilpollutioncausedbytankeraccidentsandtankwashingatseaisconsideredasthe

mostvisibleandfamiliarmarinepollution.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目的關(guān)鍵信息themostvisibleandfamiliar可定位到B段,該

段第2句指出最顯而易見(jiàn)和為人熟悉的海洋污染源，與題目表述一致，故為答案。

18、Halfofthegoodstransportedbyshipscanbeclassifiedasdangerouscargoes.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題內(nèi)容有關(guān)海洋貨運(yùn)，與之相關(guān)的段落為I,該段第2句的意思與

題日語(yǔ)義一致,其中拈號(hào)里的carriedatsea對(duì)應(yīng)題中的transportedbyships,而be

described則對(duì)應(yīng)題中的beclassified＜）

19、TheWestGreenlandCoasthasbeenpollutedbyradioactiveelements.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中只有E段提到WestGreenlandCoast,故該題可直接定位到E

段。該段最后一句說(shuō)到在格陵蘭島西部海岸的海藻中可以檢測(cè)到放射性元素，意即

該海岸已被放射性元素污染。故選E。

20、HormonedisruptioninmarinelifeistheresultofaccumulationofPOPs.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：POPs在G和H兩段中都有提到。G段倒數(shù)第2句開(kāi)始首次介紹

POPs及其概念。G段最后一句中的causing表明一種因果關(guān)系，與題目的islhe

resultof對(duì)應(yīng)且描述對(duì)象均為Hormonedisruption□

三、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

Forthousandsofyears,peoplethoughtofglassassomethingbeautifultolookat.Only

recentlyhavetheycometothinkofitassomethingtolookthrough.Storesdisplaytheir

goodsinlargeglasswindows.Glassbottlesandjarsthatholdfoodanddrinkallowusto

seethecontents.Glassisusedtomakeeyeglasses,microscopes,telescopes,andmany

otherextremelyusefulandnecessaryobjects.UntiltheSecondWorldWar,mostofthe

glassusedforopticalinstrumentswasimportedfromEurope.However,duringthewar

AmericanscouldnotgetEuropeanglass,andtheywereforcedtomaketheirown.Asa

result,newkindsofglassesweredevelopedthathadbeenpreviouslyunknown.These

neweffectswereachievedbymixingotherchemicalelementswiththesand.Someof

thesenewglassesareverystrongandcanresistmanykindsofshocks.Legendhasitthat

averyhardglasswasinventedbyaRomanwhoshowedhisdiscoverytotheEmperor.

WhentheEmperorsawtheglasshefearedthatitwouldbecomemorevaluablethangold

andsilver,makinghistreasureworthless.Therefore,hehadtheglassmakerkilled,and

thesecretwasnotdiscoveredagainforhundredsofyears.Inthepresentcentury,safety

glasswasinventedforuseinmoderncarsandplanes.Safetyglassismadebyplacinga

layerofplasticbetweentwolayersofplateglass.Whentheoutsidelayerofglassis

broken,thepiecesdonotscatterandinjurepeople.Someglassofthistypeisstrong

enoughtoresistbullets.Althoughinrecentyearsplasticshavereplacedglassunder

conditionswhereglassmightbeeasilybroken,therearenewusesbeingdeveloped,for

thegreatestadvantageofglassisthatitscomponentpartsarcinexpensiveandcanbe

foundallovertheworld.

21Withthepassageoftime,glass.

A、isregardedastransparent

B、isnolongerseenasdecoration

C^isusedtomakethingslookpleasant

D、iswidelyusedtoreplacesteelinmakingcontainers

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查倒裝句的理解。從文章笫2句的開(kāi)頭onlyrecenUy可知笫1

句和第2句是對(duì)比關(guān)系：現(xiàn)在的情況與以前不一樣了。因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)

A是對(duì)原文第2句話的曲解，雖然這句話中說(shuō)到的玻璃現(xiàn)在被視為somethingto

lookthrough,但是，這句話要強(qiáng)調(diào)的并不是到現(xiàn)在人們才發(fā)現(xiàn)玻璃是透明的，而

是要強(qiáng)調(diào)玻璃可以被用作工具，透過(guò)它去看別的東西。選項(xiàng)C中的lookpleasant和

選項(xiàng)D在文中都沒(méi)有提到。

22、WhydidAmericansmaketheirownglassduringtheSecondWorldWar?

A、Thewarblockedthewayofglassimport.

R、TheyrefusedtousetheEuropeanglass.

C^TheglassmadeinEuropewasoutofdate.

D、Theywereabletomakeanewkindofglass.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第2段的第1、2句可以看出，二戰(zhàn)前美國(guó)從歐洲進(jìn)口玻璃，而戰(zhàn)

時(shí)卻不能從歐洲進(jìn)口玻璃，也就是說(shuō)，進(jìn)口玻璃的渠道應(yīng)是被戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中斷了，因此答

案應(yīng)為選項(xiàng)A。選項(xiàng)D是不能進(jìn)口玻璃的結(jié)果，而不是原因。其余兩項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有原

文依據(jù)。

23、Bytellingthelegend,theauthorwantsto.

A、provethattheRomanwasthefirstinventorofhardglass

B、supportthattheAmericanswereascleverastheRomans

C、givesomeinterestinginformationabouthardglass

D、provideahistoricaleventconcernedwithhardglass

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C:

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查例子與主題的關(guān)系。作者引用傳說(shuō)，只是為了使文章讀起來(lái)

更有趣。這是一個(gè)傳說(shuō)，不一定是真實(shí)的，因此，它不能被視為選項(xiàng)D所提及的

歷史事件，也不能證明是羅馬人第一個(gè)發(fā)明堅(jiān)固的玻璃，所以選項(xiàng)A也是不對(duì)

的。選項(xiàng)B與本段內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)，本段主要說(shuō)明了美國(guó)人開(kāi)發(fā)出新的玻璃制品的來(lái)

由.并無(wú)說(shuō)明美國(guó)人聰明之意。

24、AllofthefollowingconcerningthesafetyglassarcdiscussedinthetextEXCEPT

A、itsuses

B>itsstrength

C^itsstructure

D^itslimitations

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查列舉處，用排除法可以找出答案。第3段中除選項(xiàng)D外，

選項(xiàng)A可從第1句推斷，選項(xiàng)B可從最后一句推斷。選項(xiàng)C可從第2句推斷。

25、Newusesofglassarebeingdevelopedonthegroundthat.

A、glassisnotassafeasplastics

B、glassisnotasstronganddurableasplastics

C、glassiseasilyobtainableandinexpensive

D、glassismoreandmorewidelyused

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題解題的關(guān)鍵在于注意最后一段中的“therearenewusesbeing

developed,for...,\這里表明了一對(duì)因果關(guān)系，for后面引出不斷研發(fā)玻璃新用途

的原因，由此可見(jiàn)，本題正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為C。選項(xiàng)A和B中提到的玻璃的缺點(diǎn)雖在

現(xiàn)實(shí)中也是有可能的，但文中并無(wú)字句說(shuō)明因?yàn)檫@些缺點(diǎn)而要不斷研發(fā)玻璃的新用

途。

TheEskimoshavedevelopedacapacitytolivepeacefullywithoneanother.Theyhave

nothadastrictsystemoflandownership,oneoftheuniversalcausesofconflict.They

haveevolvedasystemoffbod-sharingamongfamiliesthatmakesthepreservationoflife

possible.Theabsolutenecessityofcreatingthissafeguardagainststarvationhas

strengthenedbondsbetweenneighbors.AlmosteverytravelerhasnotedtheEskimos'

friendlinessandgoodhumortowardstrangersandamongihemselves.Inacountrywhere

agricultureisimpossibletheyhavebeenforcedtospendtheirenergiesinfood-gathering

ratherthanwarfare.Ifonefamilydisagreedwithanother,theusualsolutionwasforthat

familytopickupitsfewpossessionsandgoelsewhere.Inthevastunusedland,moving

presentedalmostnoproblem.Thepracticeofinfanticide,andsuicideamongtheold

people,seemstohavebeenafactorofsurvivalintimesoffoodscarcity.Thesizeofthe

familywascontrolledtosomeextentbytheabilityofthefatherasahunterandbythe

abundanceofgame（獵物）inthearea.Marriagewasaveryseriousandlifelongbond

amongEskimos;inordertochooseapermanentandcompatiblemateanumberoftrial

marriageswerepermitted,eachlastingperhapshalfayear.Duringthetrialperioda

coupleusuallylivedwiththegirl'sparentsandtheyoungmanhuntedexclusivelyforhis

futurefather-in-law.Ifachildwasbornasaresultofanunsuccessfultrialmarriageit

wasadoptedbyrelativesorfriends.Childrenareoftengivenoutforadoptioninthe

Eskimossocietyandareeagerlyadoptedbyotherfamilies,fortheEskimos1campand

nomad（游牧民族的）grouprepresentakindofextendedfamily.Polygainy（?夫多妻

制）wasoccasionallypracticedbythemostsuccessfulhunters,butusuallytoprotecta

widoworagirlwhohadlostherfather.

26、TheEskimoslivepeacefullywithoneanotherbecauseof.

A、theirsystemoflandownership

B、theirsystemoffood-sharing

C、thedevelopmentofagriculture

D^theirloveformoving

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題可用排除法找出答案。選項(xiàng)A與第1段第2句相反；選項(xiàng)C與

該段倒數(shù)第3句不符；選項(xiàng)D歪曲了原文：最后兩句提到愛(ài)斯基摩人為避免矛盾

會(huì)遷居異處，但這并不表明他們常常愛(ài)搬家。選項(xiàng)B可從第3句找到。

27、Theauthor'sattitudetoinfanticidecanbebestdescribedas.

A、critical

13、horrified

C、understanding

D、favorable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第2段第1句表明作者認(rèn)為殺嬰是為了生存，而句中的seemto表明

了作者對(duì)殺嬰沒(méi)有過(guò)激的反應(yīng)，所以應(yīng)是選項(xiàng)C（理解的）。文中沒(méi)有使用任何反面

的字眼表示選項(xiàng)A（批評(píng)的）或選項(xiàng)B（毛骨悚然的）。但也沒(méi)有熱情洋溢的字眼表示

選項(xiàng)D（贊成的）。

28、WhichofthefollowingistrueofanEskimofamily?

ANThemoresuccessfulahunterwas,thebiggerhisfamilywouldbe.

B、Themoresuccessfulahunterwas,themorewiveshewouldmarry.

C^Themoresuccessfulahunterwas,themoreprobablehewouldmarryawidow.

D^Themoresuccessfulahunterwas,themoreprobablehiswifewasafatherlessgirl.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第2段最后一句可推斷選項(xiàng)A合乎原文。選項(xiàng)B、C、D考查的

都是對(duì)本段最后一句話的理解，但都是對(duì)原文的曲解。

29、ItcanbeinferredabouttheEskimomarriagethat.

A、trialmarriagewaspermittedonlyonceinone'slifetime

B、youngcoupleslivedbythemselvesduringthetrialperiod

C、childrenoutoftrialmarriagewouldbegiventoothers

D、divorcewasnotacceptedbytheEskimos

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段第一句說(shuō)婚姻是lifelong,由此可推斷愛(ài)斯基摩人對(duì)離婚持

否定態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)A與該段第1句中的anumberoftrialmarriageswerepennitted不

符；選項(xiàng)B與該段第2句不符；選項(xiàng)C與第3句不符，文中指出如果試婚失?。╝n

unsuccessfultrialmarriage）,試婚期間所生的小孩會(huì)由別人收養(yǎng)。并不如選項(xiàng)C中

所述所有試婚期間所生的小孩都會(huì)送由別人收養(yǎng)。

30、Itisimpliedbytheauthorthat.

A、theEskimofathersplaytheroleofbreadwinner

B、theEskimochildrenarenotcherishedbytheirparents

C、whentheEskimosgrowold,theyusuallykillthemselves

D、theEskimoswillretaintheirwayoflife

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第2段第2句可推斷出選項(xiàng)A。文章提到愛(ài)斯基摩人會(huì)殺死嬰

兒，老人也會(huì)自殺，小孩通常送給他人收養(yǎng)，但這些都是在食物匱乏時(shí)出于生存的

需要，所以選項(xiàng)B和C不對(duì)。文章談到了愛(ài)斯基摩人的性格特點(diǎn)以及過(guò)去的一些

風(fēng)俗，但沒(méi)有提及是否會(huì)繼續(xù)這樣生活下去，因此可排除選項(xiàng)D。

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用(閱讀)模擬試

卷第2套

一、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)

Sandy'sStoryA)Sandy,apoliteandfriendlyforty-ycar-oldwomanwithasoftSouthern

accent,lovescatsandfrequentedthenewsgrouprec.pets.cats.B)In1993agangof

peoplefromseveralnewsgroups,alt.tasteless,alt.Syntax.Tacticalandalt.bigfoot,

"invaded"therec.pets.Cats.Newsgroup.Bythetimetheinvasionhadended,Sandyhad

receiveddeaththreats,hatemailsandharassingphonecalls.Havingheremailmonitored

atwork,shehadalmostlostherjob.C)Theincidentbeganwhenoneoftheinvaderswho

joinedhernewsgrouppostedamessageaskingifhecouldgethelpdestroyinghis

girlfriend'scat.Hesaidthecatwasbotheringhim,buthedidn'twantthegirlfriendto

findoutifhekilledit.Whenhebegandiscussingpoisonanddrowningasoptions,Sandy

spokeup.D)Firstshesentemailurginghimnottokillthecat.Butifheinsisted,tohave

it"puttosleep"humanely.Whentheemaildidn'thelp,Sandybecameconcerned,then

terrifiedforthecat.Shehadnightmares.Eventuallyshewrotealettertothepolicethat

wassubsequentlydistributedontheInternet.E)Theflamewarexplored.Therequestfor

helpinkillingthecatwasactuallyafake.Theposterandhisfriendshadpurposefully

chosenaquietlittlenewsgrouptostartaflamewarofmythicproportions.Theirstated

goalwastoinflamethemembersofthegroupwiththeirposts.Anditworked.Butwhen

Sandycontactedthepolice,theinvadersbecameuglyandturnedtheirattentiontoher.

F)SoonSandyfoundherselfonthememberlistofaNet.InvaderzFAQ(Frequenlly

AskedQuestionsdocument)thatwasbeingpassedaroundUsenetandevenseveral

computerconventions.Ratherthanbeingavictim,Sandywassingledoutasoneofthe

victimizers."Thoseofusthatopposedthegroupcominginandinvadingus(wereadded

tothelist),"shesaid."Itwasspammedalloverthenetworkasatruedocumentwithour

namesonit."G)Sandywasdisturbedbuttriedluignoretheproblemsasmuchaspossible

untilshefoundherselfunderinvestigationbyherowncompany.Anirate"U.S.taxpayer"

hadwrittentoheremployercomplainingthatshedidn'twanttheInternetusedforactions

suchasthosedescribedintheNet.Invaderzdocument."I'matwenty-twoyearemployee

inthiscompany,withagoodreputationwhichisnowinthepooperbecauseofthis,"she

said.H)Sandyhasn'tprosecutedbuttheincidentexhaustedherandmadeherfearful.She

nolongerparticipatesinorevenreadsrec.pets.Cats.;concernedfriendsemailherposts

ofinterestprivately.Shecannotaffordherownhomecomputer,soshecanonlyaccess

theInternetthroughwork,wherehersupervisornowwatcheshereverymove.I)Because

sheacted(inthiscasealertingtheauthoritiestowhatshebelievedtobecrueltyto

animals),Sandybecamethetargetofaviciousattacklaunchedbyagroupofpeopleshe

hasneverevenmet.J)Inpart,thewarsgoingonincyberspaceareculturalwars.Whois

todecidewhatispoliteandacceptable?Sometimeago,Italkedwithoneofthefounders

ofalt.syntax.Tactical,whocallshimselfAntebi.Hisresponsestothosewhosuggesthis

tacticsareuncivilized"Learntousekillfiles,"hesays.'Growup,welcometoreality."

K)Aftcrtalkingwithhim,IunderstoodhisgrouptobesomewhatlikeanInternet

fraternity,abunchofyoungmenwholiketodovirtual"pantyraids"onunsuspecting

newsgroups.Theyoungpeoplethemselvesaren'ttheproblem(Idonotthinkak.Syntax,

tacticalwasresponsibleforthedeaththreatstoSandy),butthatkindofmischievous

mentality,coupledwithalotoffreetime,meansthatcertainpeoplecanabusetheir

powerinthevirtualworld.L)Butshouldthevirtualworldbeonewherewaristheonly

metaphor?AninvadingarmysweptthroughSandy'svillage,andwhenshereachedoutto

protectsomeoneelse,theyturnedtheirsightsonher.Shewasattacked,accused,harassed

andthreatened——withnopossibleresource.Thearmycaptainmerelysayssheshould

havearmedherself.Butperhapsthereareotherwaystolivethanbytheruleofthe

strongest?Isn'tthatwhatcivilizationissupposedtobeabout?

1、Althebeginningufllicinuidciil,unuuftheinvaderswauledSandytokillhis

girlfricnd,scat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：這次事件剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，?位侵略者想讓桑迪幫他殺死他女朋

友的貓。題干關(guān)鍵詞是beginning,kill和hisgirlfriend'scat。文中C段第一句提

到，這件事是這樣發(fā)生的：加入新聞社區(qū)的一個(gè)入侵者貼出一個(gè)帖子問(wèn)她是否可以

幫他毀掉女朋友的貓。與題干意思吻合，故選C。

2、Onthememberlist,Sandyfoundherselfavictimizer.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：在人員名單上。桑迪發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的名字列在加害者名單之中。題

干關(guān)鍵詞是memberlisi和victimize!*。文中F段第三句提到，在那上面，桑迪不是

受害者，而是被挑選出作為加害者之一。與題干意思一致，故選F。

3、Theinvasionin1993almostmadeSandyloseherjob.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：1993年的那次侵略差點(diǎn)讓桑迪丟掉工作。題干關(guān)鍵詞是

invasion,in1993和loseherjob。文中B段提到，1993年，來(lái)自幾個(gè)新聞社區(qū)的一

群人“入侵”了rec.pets.Cats新聞社區(qū)。等到入侵結(jié)束的時(shí)候，桑迪已經(jīng)收到了死

亡威脅，恐嚇信，騷擾電話，她的工作信件受到了控制，幾乎讓她差點(diǎn)丟掉了工

作。與題干意思吻合，故選B。

4、ExhaustionandfearpreventedSandyfromparticipatinginrec.pets.cats.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：筋疲力盡和恐懼害怕使得桑迪不再參與rec.pets.cats.新聞

社區(qū)。題干關(guān)鍵詞是exhauslion,fear和participatingin。文中H段第一二句提到，

這件事讓她身心疲憊，也使她害怕，她不再參與，甚至不再閱讀rec.pets.Cats。

與題干意思一致，故選H。

5、Tosomedegree,thewarsincyberspacearemostlyrelatedtoculture.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：某種程度上，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間進(jìn)行的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)多與文化相關(guān)。題干關(guān)鍵

詞是wars,cyberspace和culture。文中J段第一句提到，在某種程度，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的戰(zhàn)

爭(zhēng)是文化戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。與題干意思吻合，故選J。

6、Themessagepostedv/asfake,whosepurposewastoirritatethemembersofthe

group.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：帖子發(fā)出來(lái)的消息是假的，這一做法的目的是激怒群里的成

員。題干關(guān)鍵詞是message,fake和iirilaie。文中E段提到，殺死那只貓的請(qǐng)求實(shí)

際上只是一個(gè)騙局，發(fā)咕的那個(gè)人和他的朋友故意選擇一個(gè)相對(duì)很小的新聞組去引

發(fā)一場(chǎng)有神話色彩的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，他們最初定下的目標(biāo)是用帖子來(lái)激怒群里的成員。與題

干意思一致，故選已

7、WhenSandytryingprotectingsomeoneelse,shewasnoticedandattacked.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L,

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：當(dāng)桑迪試圖保護(hù)其他人的時(shí)候，她被侵略者盯上了，還遭到攻

擊。題干關(guān)鍵詞是protecting,someoneelse和attacked。文中L段第二三句提到，

入侵軍隊(duì)橫掃了桑迪的村莊，當(dāng)她伸出手來(lái)保護(hù)別人時(shí)，他們把目光投向她。她受

到攻擊，指責(zé)，騷擾和威脅。與題干意思吻合，故選L。

8、Mischievousmentalityindulgescertainpeoplewithabuseoftheirpowerinthevirtual

world.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：惡作劇心態(tài)會(huì)縱容某些人在虛擬世界里濫用權(quán)力。題干關(guān)鍵詞

是mischievousmentality,abuse和inthevirtualworld。文中K段最后一句提到，這

樣的惡作劇心態(tài)，再加上大量的空閑時(shí)間，意味著某些人可以在虛擬世界中濫用權(quán)

力。與題干意思一致，故選K。

9、WhenSandyfoundherselfunderinvestigationbyherowncompany,shewas

irritated.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：當(dāng)桑迪發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正被公司調(diào)查時(shí)，她非常生氣。題干關(guān)鍵詞是

investigation,company和irritated。文中G段第一二句提到，桑迪受到了騷擾，但

是當(dāng)她努力盡可能置之不理那些問(wèn)題時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己竟被公司正調(diào)查著.一個(gè)生氣的

“美國(guó)納稅人”向她的雇主寫(xiě)信抱怨。