大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷58（共240題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷58（共9套）

（共240題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第1套

一、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀（本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。）

KeepOuiSeasCleanA）Byllicyear2050itiscslimalcdthatthewuildSpopulation

couldhaveincreasedtoaround12billion.Ofthese,some60percentwilllivewithin60

kmofthesea.Theagriculturalandindustrialactivitiesrequiredtosupportthispopulation

willincreasethealreadysignificantpressuresonfertilecoastalareas.Deathanddisease

causedbypollutedcoastalwaterscoststheglobaleconomyUS$12,8billionayear.

Plasticwastekillsupto1millionseabirds,100,000seamammalsandcountlessfish

eachyear.B）Onesignificantimpactofhumanactivityismarinepollution.Themost

visibleandfamiliarisoilpollutioncausedbytankeraccidentsandtankwashingatsea,

andinadditiontothegrossvisibleshort-termimpacts,severelong-termproblemscan

alsoresultInthecaseoftheExxonValdezwhichranonioashoreinAlaskain1989,

biologicalimpactsfromtheoilspillcanstillbeidentified15yearsaftertheevent.The

PrestigewhichsankofftheSpanishcoastlatein2002,resultedinhugeeconomiclosses

asitpollutedmorethan100beachesinFranceandSpainandeffectivelydestroyedthe

localfishingindustry.C）Despitethescaleandvisibilityofsuchimpacts,thetotal

quantitiesofpollutantsenteringtheseafromthelonglineofcatastrophicoilspills

appearedsmallcomparedwiththoseofpollutantsintroduceddirectlyandindirectlyfrom

othersources,includingdomesticsewage,industrialdischarges,leakagesfromwastetips,

urbanandindustrialrun-off,accidents,spillages,explosions,seadumpingoperations,oil

production,mining,agriculturenutrientsandpesticides,wasteheatsources,and

radioactivedischarges.Landbasedsourcesareestimatedtoaccountforaround44

percentofthepollutantsenteringtheseaandatmosphericinputsaccountforanestimated

33percent.Bycontrast,transportontheseaaccountsfor12percent.D）Theimpactsof

pollutionvary.Nutrientpollutionfromsewagedischargesandagriculturecanresultin

unsightlyandpossiblydangerous"blooms"ofalgae（藻類）incoastalwaters.Asthese

bloomsdieanddecaytheyuseuptheoxygeninthewater.Thishasled,insomeareas,to

"creepingdeadzones"（CDZ）,whereoxygendissolvedinthewaterfallstolevelsunable

tosustainmarinelife.Industrialpollutionalsocontributestothesedeadzones.E)

Radioactive(放射性的)pollutionhasmanycauses,includingthenormaloperationof

nuclearpowerstations,butbyfarthesinglebiggestsourcesofman-maderadioactive

elementsintheseaarethenuclearfuelreprocessingplantsatLaHagueinFranceandat

SellafieldintheUKWastereleasedfromthemhasresultedinthewidespreadpollutionof

livingmarineresourcesoverawidearea;radioactiveelementstraceabletoreprocessing

canbefoundinseaweedsasfarawayastheWestGreenlandCoast.F)Tracemetal

pollutionfrommetalmining,productionandprocessingindustriescandamagethehealth

ofmarineplantsandanimalsandrendersomeseafoodsunfitfbrhumanconsumption.

Thecontributionofhumanactivitiescanbeverysignificant:theamountofmercury

introducedtotheenvironmentbyindustrialactivitiesisaroundfourtimestheamount

releasedthroughnaturalprocessessuchasweatheringanderosion(腐蝕).G)Theinput

ofman-madechemicalstotheoceanspotentiallyinvolvesanoverwhelmingnumberof

differentsubstances.63,000differentchemicalsarcthoughttobeinuseworldwidewith

3,000accountingfor90percentofthetotalproductionamount.Eachyear,anywhereup

to1,000newsyntheticchemicalsmaybebroughtontothemarket.Ofallthesechemicals

some4,500fallintothemostseriouscategory.Theseareknownaspersistentorganic

pollutants(POPs).They'reresistanttobreakdownandhavethepotentialtoaccumulatein

thetissuesoflivingorganisms(allmarinelife),causinghormonedisruptionwhichcan,in

turn,causereproductiveproblems,inducecancer,suppresstheimmunesystemand

interferewithnormalmentaldevelopmentinchildren.H)POPscanalsobetransported

longdistancesintheatmosphereanddepositedincoldregions.Asaresult,Inuit

populationswholiveintheArcticalongdistancefromthesourcesofthesepollutantsare

amongthemostseverelyinfluencedpeopleontheplanet,sincetheyrelyonfat-rich

marinefoodsourcessuchasfishandseals.POPsarealsothoughttoberesponsiblefor

somepolarbearpopulationsfailingtoreproducenormally.Scarily,seafoodsconsumed

bypeoplelivinginwarmandmildregionsarealsoaffectedbyPOPs.Oilyfishtendio

accumulatePOPsintheirbodiesandthesecanbepassedtohumanconsumers.Whenoily

fisharerendereddownintofishmealandfishoilsandsubsequentlyusedtofeedother

animals,thenthistoocanactasapathwaytohumans.Farmedfishandshellfish,dairy

cattle,poultryandpigsarcallfedfishmealincertaincountries,andsomeatanddairy

productsaswellasfarmedandwildfishcanactasfurthersourcesofthesechemicalsto

humans.I)TheNorthandBalticSeasalsocontainsomeoftheworld'sbusiestshipping

lanes.200,000shipscrosstheNorthSeaeveryyear.Manygoodstransportedbyshipsare

hazardous(halfthegoodscarriedatseacanbedescribedasdangerous)andlossof

dangerouscargoescanresultindamagetothemarineenvironment.Chemicaltank

washings,dischargeofoilywastesandwashwatersareallsignificantsourcesofmarine

pollution.J)Inadditionthereisalwaystheriskofamajoroilspill,ariskmadeworseby

thefactthatsomeofthetankersthatroutinelytravelthroughstillhaveonlyonebody-

frameorhaveothertechnicaldefectsandcrewswhoarepoorlyeducated.InNovember

2002.thePrestigeoiltankerwentdownoffthecoastofSpainwith70.000tonsofoilon

boardwhichpolluted2,890kinofcoastline.Afewdaysearlierithadbeencrossingthe

Baltic.K)Somesourcesofpollutionhavebeenbroughtundercontrolbyinternational

legislation.CountrieswhichsignedtheLondonConventionhaveagreedtostopthe

dumpingofradioactiveandindustrialwasteatsea.TheOSPARConventionregulates

marinepollutionintheNorthEastAtlanticRegionwhilecountrieswhichsignedthe

StockholmConventionhavecommittedthemselvestothephaseoutofanumberof

persistentorganicpollutants.WithintheEuropeanCommunity,theWaterFramework

Directivemaybeexpectedtobringfurtherreductionsinpollutinginputs,althoughitwill

beoveraverylongtimeframe.TheadditionalbenefitofthenewEUREACH

(RegistrationEvaluationandAuthorisationofChemicals)initiative,whichaimsto

regulatetheproductionanduseofdangerouschemicalsatsource,remainstobeseen.

1、TheregulationofmarinepollutionintheNorthEastAtlanticRegionisbasedonthe

OSPARConvention.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目的OSPARConvention定位到K段。該段第3句采用主動(dòng)句

式TheOSPARConventionregulates...,意思跟題目無異，故可確定K段為該題出

處。

2^Thefactthatsometankersstillhaveonlyonebody-frameorhaveothertechnical

defectsmakingbiggerpossibilityofoilspill.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的onebody-frame及technicaldefects可以定位到J段。J

段首句也出現(xiàn)了題目中遑到的fact,FL該詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容與題目中的從句語(yǔ)

義幾乎一致，故選J。

Aboutone-thirdofthepollutantsenteringtheseacomefromatmosphericinputs.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章B、C兩段是說明海洋污染的來源，B段重點(diǎn)介紹油污染，C段

則提到其他的污染源。題目中aboutone-third與C段倒數(shù)第2句的33percent所指

的比率相同，而且都指atmosphericinputs的比率，故選C。

4、Theovergrowofalgaewillresultinoxygenshortageinthewater,whichledto

"creepingdeadzones".

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目明顯的信號(hào)詞creepingdeadzones,可定位到D段。題目的

overgrow對(duì)應(yīng)該段倒數(shù)第3句blooms,oxygenshortage對(duì)應(yīng)原文的useupthe

oxygeno

5、Inwarmandmildregions,farmedfishandshellfisharealsoaffectedbyPOPs

becausetheyarefedfishmeal.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的POPs可將范圍縮小在G、H段。其中H段重點(diǎn)說明

POPs的危害和影響，本題的內(nèi)容與之有關(guān)。H段末句的【hesechemicals指的就是

POPs,而該句中的so表明養(yǎng)殖的魚類和貝殼類都會(huì)受POPs的影響，因?yàn)檫@些養(yǎng)

殖水產(chǎn)areallfedfishmeal,題目意思與此相符。

6、Aslongas2,890kmofcoastlinehadbeenpollutedbytheoilspillofthePrestigeoil

tanker.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵信息Presligeoiltanker及數(shù)字2,890可直接定位到J

段。J段倒數(shù)第2句以該郵輪為例說明嚴(yán)重漏油的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，題目語(yǔ)義與該句意思一

致，故選J。

7、Oilpollutioncausedbytankeraccidentsandtankwashingatseaisconsideredasthe

mostvisibleandfamiliarmarinepollution.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)題目的關(guān)鍵信息themostvisibleandfamiliar可定位到B段，該

段第2句指出最顯而易見和為人熟悉的海洋污染源，與題目表述一致，故為答案。

8、Halfofthegoodstransportedbyshipscanbeclassifiedasdangerouscargoes.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題內(nèi)容有關(guān)海洋貨運(yùn)，與之相關(guān)的段落為I,該段第2句的意思與

題目語(yǔ)義一致，其中括號(hào)里的carriedatsea對(duì)應(yīng)題中的transportedbyships,be

described對(duì)應(yīng)題中的beclassifiedo

9、TheWestGreenlandCoasthasbeenpollutedbyradioactiveelements.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中只有E段提到WestGreenlandCoast,故該題可直接定位到E

段。該段最后一句說到在格陵蘭島西部海岸的海藻中可以檢測(cè)到放射性元素，意即

該海岸已被放射性元素污染，故選E。

10、HormonedisruptioninmarinelifeistheresultofaccumulationofPOPs.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：POPs在G和H兩段中都有提到。G段倒數(shù)第2句開始首次介紹

POPs及其概念。G段最后一句中的causing表明一種因果關(guān)系，與題目的islhe

resultof對(duì)應(yīng)且描述對(duì)象均為Hormonedisruptiono

WorkingtoImprovetheConditionsofEvergladesNationalParkA）Whenmanypeople

thinkofFlorida,imagesofsandycoastlinesorthemeparkridescometomind.Butabout

anhoursouthofMiamiliesanaturalwildernessdifferentfromanywhereelseinthe

UnitedStates.EvergladesNationalParkisthelargestsubtropicalwildernessinthe

country.Theparkishometoseveralrareandendangeredspecies.Itisalsothethird

largestnationalparkinthelowerforty-eightstates,afterDeathValleyandYellowstone.

MorethanonemillionpeoplevisittheEvergladeseachyear.B）TheEvergladesis

consideredoneofthegreatbiologicalwondersoftheworld.Theexpansivewetlands

stretchacrossmorethansixhundredthousandhectares（公頃）.Itisaplacewhereplants

andanimalsfromtheCaribbeanSeashareanecosystemwithnativeNorthAmerican

species.Unlikemostothernationalparks,EvergladesNationalParkwascreatedto

protectanecosystemfromdamage.TheEvergladesishometothirty-sixspeciesthatare

consideredthreatenedorprotected.TheyincludetheFloridapanther,theAmerican

crocodileandtheWestIndianmanatee.Inaddition,morethanthreehundredfiftybird

speciesandthreehundredspeciesoffreshandsaltwaterfishlivewithinthepark.The

Evergladesisalsohometofortyspeciesofmammals（哺乳動(dòng)物）andfiftyreptile（爬行

動(dòng)物)species.C)ExoticplantscanalsobefoundintheEverglades.Theyincludewhatis

saidtobethelargestgrov/thofmangrovetreesinthewesternhalfoftheworld.Gumbo-

limbotrees,knownfortheirpeelingredskin,stranglerfigsandroyalpalmsarealso

amongthearea'splantlife.TheEvergladesisalsohometothecountry'slargestliving

mahoganytree.Sawgrassgrowsinsomeareasofthepark.Becareful-itisverysharp,

withteethjustlikeasaw.Itcangrowuptofourmeterstall.Withaboutoneandone-half

metersofrainfalleachyear,plantsandtreesneverstopgrowingintheEverglades.D)

Thedry,winterseasonisthefavoriteofmostvisitors,wheninsectslikemosquitoesare

lessofaproblem.TherainyseasonlastsfromJunetoNovember.Therearemanyways

toexploretheEverglades.VisitorscouldseeAmericancrocodileswhilehikingthe

AnhingaTrail.TheEvergladesistheonlyplaceonEarthwherefreshwatercrocodiles

andsaltwatercrocodilesliveinthesamearea.Visitorsusingcanoesorairboatsarelikely

toseelargegroupsofwadingbirdslikethewoodstorkorgreatblueheron.Itiseven

possibletoseeflamingosintheEverglades.Thisspring,EvergladesNationalPark

launchedavisitationprogramtowhatwasonceahighlyrestrictedmilitarybase.Park

officialsareworkingtorecoveramissilebaseusedinthe1960s.ThebaseplayedaPart

InthenucleartensionsbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.E)The

governmentbuilttheFloridabaseshortlyafterthediscoveryofSovietmissilesabout

threehundredkilometersaway,ontheislandofCuba.Tensionswerehighduringthe

Cubanmissilecrisis.ButmissilesstoredattheAmericanbasewereneverfired.Thebase

wasclosedandallmissileequipmentwasremovedinthe1970s.Todayonlythe

buildingsremain.Thisyear,thehistoricareahadmanyvisitors,includingformer

Americanservicememberswhorememberthemissilecrisis.Theparkhopestooffer

moretripsnextspring,tohelpsupportthehistoryforthosewholivedthroughitandfor

futuregenerations.F)ExpertssaychangestotheEvergladesarethreateningseveral

differentkindsofwildlife.TheysaythethreatsarearesultofactionstheUnitedStates

governmentbeganmorethanfiftyyearsago,andsettlersbeganevenearlier.The

NationalParkServicesaysearlycolonialsettlersandlanddevelopersthoughtthe

Evergladeshadlittlevalue.Thesettlershadplanstoremovewaterfromtheareaandin

the1880sdevelopersbegandiggingdraincanals.Atthetime,theydidnotunderstandthe

complexityoftheEverglades'ecosystem.Asaresult,theywerenotpreparedfbrallthe

workandcausedenvironmentalproblems.Theecosystem,however,wasabletosurvive.

G)Evenlargereffortstodrainthewetlandscontinuedbetween1905and1910.Large

areaswerechangedtofarmland.Thisledtoincreaseddevelopment,withmorepeople

movingtotheEvergladesandalsomorevisitors.Morechangescamein1948,when

CongressapprovedtheCentralandSouthFloridaProject.Aspartoftheplan,theArmy

CorpsofEngineersbuiltroads,canalsandwater-controlsystemsthroughoutSouth

FloridaTheaimoftheprojectwastoprovidewaterandfloodprotectionfbrdeveloped

areasandagriculture.Workersbuiltahugesystemofwaterwaysandpumpingstationsto

controltheoverflowofLakeOkeechobee,northoftheEverglades.Today,fiftypercent

ofsouthFlorida'searlywetlandareasnolongerexist.Populationsofwadingbirdshave

beenreducedbyninetypercent.Wholepopulationsofanimalsareindangerof

disappearing.Theendangeredcreaturesincludethemanatee,theMiamiblackheadsnake,

thewoodstorkandtheFloridapanther.H)Inrecentyears,environmentalexpertshave

learnedaboutthedamagetotheEverglades.Theysaythenaturalbalanceofplantsand

animalshasbeendestroyed.Recently,theObamaadministrationpromisedthreehundred

sixtymilliondollarstopayforEvergladesrestorationthisyear.Theadministrationisalso

askingthatCongressapproveanadditionaltwohundredseventy-eightmilliondollarsfor

nextyear.Themoneywillhelptosupportprojectsapprovedbythegovernmentnine

yearsago.TheprojectsincludeimprovingwetlandsinthePicayuneStrandinSouthwest

FloridaandrepairstoLakeOkeechobee'sdam.Untilnow,thestateofFloridahasspent

themostmoneyontheproject.I)Anotherthreatbiologistshavebeenbattlingforyearsin

theEvergladesisthearea'spopulationofBurmesepythons(largesnakes).Officials

believethereareasmanyasonehundredfiftythousandoftheselargesnakesinthe

Everglades.Butthesnakesareaforeignspecies,nativetoSoutheastAsiaOwnersof

pythonslefttheirunwantedsnakesintheEvergladesyearsago.Biologistssayadult

pythonsareabletoeatsmalldeerandbobcats.Whenpythonsarefoundinthe

Everglades,theyareoftenkilled.Scientistsarenowexperimentingwithotherwaysto

removethesnakes,includingtrappingmethodsandofferingpaymentstohunters.The

futureoftheEvergladesisnotclear.However,effortstoprotecttheareaarecontinuing

sothatpeoplefromallovertheworldmaycontinuevisitingthisbiologicaltreasure.

11、EffortstoprotecttheareawouldbecontinuedthoughthefutureofEvergladesisstill

unknown.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目信息詞ThcfuturcofthcEverglades可定位到I段，該段倒數(shù)

第2句的isnotclear對(duì)應(yīng)題目的isstillunknown,接著最后一句用however表示轉(zhuǎn)

折，這與題目though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)義相同。

12、Inordertoprovidewaterandfloodprotectionfbrdevelopedareasandagriculture,

theCongressapprovedtheCentralandSouthFloridaProject.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞theCentralandSouthFloridaProject,可直接定位到G

段，該段第4句指出國(guó)會(huì)通過了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，第6句的Theaimof...was則表明該項(xiàng)

目的目的：為了給開發(fā)的地區(qū)和農(nóng)業(yè)提供水利和防洪，結(jié)合這兩句為題目意思，故

選G。

13、TheSovietUnionplacedmissilesontheislandofCubaduringtheCubanmissile

crisis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的Cubanmissilecrisis等詞定位到E段。該段第1句提

到，美國(guó)政府在古巴島上發(fā)現(xiàn)了蘇聯(lián)的導(dǎo)彈，這意味著蘇聯(lián)將導(dǎo)彈部署到了古巴島

上，因此，E段為本題出處。

14、WithanecosystemofplantsandanimalsbothfromCaribbeanSeaandNorth

American,EvergladesNationalParkaimsatprotectinganecosystemfromdamage.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的CaribbeanSea,NorthAmerican可定位到B段。該段第

3句講到，這里來自加勒比海的動(dòng)植物與北美本土的物種共享一個(gè)生態(tài)，題目

With...American與此意思一致：題目的aimsat…第4句與原文wascreatedto...的

語(yǔ)義一致。

15、ThereareonlytenpercentofwadingbirdsstillexistingintheEverglades.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章在D段和G段都有提到wadingbirds,其中G段倒數(shù)第3句表明

涉水鳥的數(shù)量已經(jīng)減少了90%,這與題目中的現(xiàn)存的涉水鳥只有10%內(nèi)容相同，

因此，G段為本題出處,

16、TheBurmesepythonsareasnakespeciesthatoriginatedfromSoutheastAsia.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干中的Burmesepythons等詞定位到I段，該段第3句中的

nativeto意為''來自于...”，題目中的onginatedfrom與此同義，故選1。

17、MostpeopleprefertovisittheEvergladesinwinter.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中表示季節(jié)的wintc「定位到D段。該段首句的winterseason

isthefavorite表明冬天去Everglades的人最多，很明顯，D為本題答案。

18、TheecosystemoftheEvergladeswasfirstthreatenedbyactionsofcolonialsettlers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的ecosystem,threat及settlers可定位到F段。該段第2

句提到美國(guó)政府和早期移民的活動(dòng)都對(duì)theEverglades的生態(tài)造成了威脅，其中移

民的活動(dòng)所造成的威脅比美國(guó)政府來得更早，題目中的wasfirstthreatenedby與這

里的說法一致。

19^LocatedinthesouthofMiami,EvergladesNationalParkisthelargestsubtropical

wildnessintheUS.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞largestsubtropicalwildness定位到A段。該段第2句

表明其距離邁阿密南部有一小時(shí)車程，與題目的loeatedin…語(yǔ)義相同，A段第3

句的內(nèi)容與題目主干一致，故選A。

20、VisitorstotheEvergladesneedtomindthesawgrassbecauseitmaycutthem.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C」

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干中的sawgrass可定位到C段，該段倒數(shù)第3句中的sharp和

saw等詞表明sawgrass像鋸齒一樣鋒利，游客應(yīng)小心以防被劃傷，故本題選C,

WhichAttributesofaFoodProductareMostImportanttoConsumersA)TheAustralian

stateofVictoriaisinvestinginaprogramtoidentifynewopportunitiesforitsfoodand

agricultureindustries.Aspartofthisinitiativethegovernmentconductedextensive

researchtoidentifywhichattributesofafoodproductarcmostimportanttoconsumers.

Asincomelevelsriseandeducationlevelsimprove,consumersaroundtheworldare

becominginterestedinmorethanjustthepriceandqualityoftheloodtheyeat.Indeed,

someconsumersarenowwillingtopayextramoneyforfoodwithaspecialnutritionalor

healthbenefit.Inaddition,someconsumersarealsochoosingfoodbasedonhowitwas

produced,includingtheenvironmentalandethicalimpactofproduction.Victoria's

DepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesdesignedandresearchedareportthatanalyzes

preferencesforfoodproductswith"trust"attributes,specificallyfoodsafety,cleanfood,

greenfood,animalwelfareandethicalfoodproduction.Thereportalsodeterminesthe

relativeimportanceofthefivenominated"trust"attributesandevaluatestheirimportance

inrelationtonon-trustattiibutes,suchaspriceandquality.B)"Consumersarebecoming

increasinglyinsightfulwhenmakingpurchasingdecisions,andVictoria'sa-bilityto

demonstratethetrustworthinessoffoodproductswillbevitaltomaintainconsumer

confidenceinpriorityexportmarkets,"thereportsays.BetweenFebruaryandJune2004,

theDPIinterviewed280foodindustryshareholders,includingretailers,wholesalers,

foodscn-iccmanagers,importers,distributors,andrepresentativesofgovernment,

industrybodiesandnon-governmentorganizations,in21ofVictoria'smajorfood

markets,includingFrance,Japan,theUKandtheUS.C)Theresearchfound,perhaps

unsurprisingly,thatprice,qualityandfoodsafetywerethemostimportantfactorsfor

consumers,witheachfactorrankedasthemostimportantby18-22%ofrespondents.In

fourthplace,8%ofrespondentsfelttasteflavorwasthemostimportantattributeofa

foodproductforconsumers,while6%thoughtfreshnesswasmostimportant,and3%

thoughttheappearancepackagingwasmostimportant.Healthnutrition,brandimage,

andcleanchemicalfreewereeachconsideredmostimportantbyjust1-2%of

interviewees.D)Ofthefivespecified"trust"factors—foodsafety,cleanfood,green

food,animalwelfareandethicalfoodproduction-foodsafetywasrankedasbeingof

highorveryhighimportancetotheirorganizationby95%ofrespondents.Itisnotjust

consumersthatfoodsafetyisimportantto,asoneJapanesewholesalerobserved"Ithas

takenalongtimetobuildourreputationforreliabilitywithourcustomersandjustone

accidentwouldcauseustoloseeverything,especiallyifconsumersarcharmed."E)

Cleanfoodwasrankedsecondinimportanceamongthespecifiedtrustfactors,with90%

ofrespondentsratingcleanfoodasbeingofhighorveryhighimportancetotheir

organization.However,just63%ofrespondentssaidcleanfoodwasofhighorveryhigh

importancetoconsumers.Thesurveyalsofoundthattherewasregionalvariationinthe

definitionofcleanfood—somerespondentsthoughtitshouldincludeHalalproduction

methods,whileothersthoughtcleanfoodshouldalsobefreeofgeneticallymodified

organisms(GMOs).F)Ethicswasrankedfairlyhighinimportancetoorganizations,but

wasconsideredlessimportantloconsumers.While82%ofrespondentsratedethicsas

beingofhighorveryhighimportancelotheirorganization,just31%consideredethicsto

beofhighorveryhighimportancetoconsumers.Anotherfindingwasthatethics

includedmanyoftheothertrustfactors,asaGermangovernmentrepresentativepointed

out"Thisissuecoversalittleofeverything.Itdependsontheproducerandontheway

people,animalsandtheenvironmentaretreated.Itdependsonpersonalvalues."The

researchersfoundthattheimportanceofethicsvariedaccordingtowhataspectwas

mentioned.Theprovingofclaimsmadeonproductlabelswasconsideredtobeofhigher

importancethanissuessuchasworkers*rights,corporateresponsibilityandlocal

sourcing,becauseitisanissuethathasimpactontheconsumerdirectly.G)Greenfood

wasrankedrelativelylowinimportance,withjust50%ofrespondentsratingitasbeing

ofhighorveryhighimportancetotheirorganization,andjust19%ratingitasbeingof

highorveryhighimportancetoconsumers.Manyrespondentscitedlowconsumer

awarenessandlackofconsumerinterest,andsomesaidtheybelievedconsumerswere

unwillingtopayahigherpriceforgreenfoodproducts,reflectingtheoverallfindingthat

higherimportanceisattachedtofactorsthathasimpactdirectlyonconsumers.H)

"Consumersclaimtowantthechoice,butthecategoryhasbeendisappointing,leadingto

oversup-plyandpricepressuresforhighcostproducers.Pricealwaysseemstofocusthe

Dutchminds,nsaidoneglobalretailerbasedintheNetherlands.Therewasalsosome

variationinopinionsaboutwhatexactlyconstitutesgreenfood,withseveralrespondents

seeingitassynonymouswithorganicproduction.Ofissuesassociatedwithgreenfood,

organicproductionwasseenasthemostimportanttoconsumers,whileimpactonthe

environment,ecosystemhealth,bio-diversityandenvironmentalmanagementpractices

wereratedrelativelylowinimportance.I)Animalwelfarewasanotherlow-ratedtrust

factor,with43%ofrespondentsratingitasbeingofhighorveryhighimportanceto

organizations,andjust15%consideringittobeofhighorveryhighimportanceto

consumers.Again,respondentspointedtolowconsumerawareness,lackofconsumer

interestandanunwillingnesstopayanextracostfor"animalfriendly"products.Many

respondentsalsosaidtherewasagapbetweenwhatconsumerssayandwhattheydo

whenitcomestopurchasingbehaviorrelatedtoanimalwelfareissues."Thisisa

complexissue—itisoflowimportancetoconsumersintermsoftranslationintoaction,

buthighintermsofadiscussiontopic.Agapexistsbetweentheoryandpractice,"saida

representativeofanon-governmentorganizationinIndia.J)However,theimportanceof

animalwelfarecouldberaisediftherewasadirectimpactthatcanbeseenonthe

consumer,forexamplewherehandlingorfeedingadministrationsaffectproductquality

orfoodsafety,asanairlinecateringsupplierinSingaporeillustrated"Animalwelfareis

importantonlyinthatitcontributestothequalityoftheproduct.Thewaytheanimalis

treatedandfediscrucialtothequalityoftheendproduct."K)Overall,respondents

identifiedthatconsumersarcmoreconcernedaboutfactorsthataffectthemdirectly,such

asfoodsafety.Althoughconsumersareconsideredtobegenerallylessconcernedabout

issuessuchasanimalwelfareandenvironmentalmanagementpractices,theseissuesare

notinsignificantastheyassumemuchgreaterimportancewhentheyhavethepotentialto

affectfoodqualityorwhenpublicconcernisheightenedbyspecificinterestgroupsor

mediareports.AccordingtoBobCameron,Victoria'sministerforagriculture,the

government'saimincarryingoutsuchresearchwastodevelopnewapproachesto

improveVictoria'saccesstointernationalmarkets.Itwillbeinterestingtoseehowthis

informationisused,andhowitinfluencesfutureproductdevelopment.

21、Concerningthedefinitionofcleanfood,thesurveyfounditwasvariedamong

differentregions.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)本題的信息ihedefinitionofcleanfood,可定位到E段。題中的

variedamongdifferentregions是對(duì)E段第3句的regionalvariation同義改寫，故選

Eo

22>Asitwasindicatedbytherespondents,greenfoodwasrankedrelativelylowin

importancebecauseoflowconsumeiawarenessandlackofconsumerinterests.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)題中的Iherespondents,rankedrelativelylow等關(guān)鍵信息可定位

到G段，該段第1句說明綠色食品的重要性排名相對(duì)較低，第2句解釋了原因：

消費(fèi)者意識(shí)不高和缺乏興趣，故選G。

23、Ofissuesassociatedwithgreenfood,consumerstookorganicproductionasthe

mostimportant.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞organicproductionnJ'以定位到H段。本題意思與H