施工現(xiàn)場安全事故的防范和處理PreventionandHa

《施工現(xiàn)場安全事故的防范和處理》PreventionandHandlingofSafetyAccidentsatConstructionSites第一節(jié)

勞動保護與職業(yè)健康

Section1LaborProtectionandOccupationalHealth一、勞動保護與職業(yè)衛(wèi)生1.Laborprotectionandoccupationalhealth1.概念

(1)Concept

勞動保護工作貫徹“安全第-一，預(yù)防為主、群防群治，防治結(jié)合”的方針，堅持管生產(chǎn)必須管勞動保護的原則，實行“用人單位負責(zé)、行業(yè)管理、國家監(jiān)察、群眾監(jiān)督和勞動者遵章守紀”相結(jié)合的管理體制。

Laborprotectionworkimplementstheprincipleof“safetyfirst,givingprioritytoprevention,masspreventionandcontrol,andcombiningpreventionandcontrol”,andadherestotheprinciplethatmanagementinlaborprotectionmustbeinsyncwiththatoftheproduction.Wewillimplementamanagementsystemthatcombinestheresponsibilityofemployers,industrymanagement,statesupervision,masssupervisionandworkers’abidingbyrulesandregulations.

“職業(yè)衛(wèi)生”(又稱勞動衛(wèi)生、工業(yè)衛(wèi)生)是指為了保障勞動者在生產(chǎn)(經(jīng)營)活動中的身體健康，防治職業(yè)病和職業(yè)性多發(fā)病等職業(yè)性危害，在技術(shù)上、設(shè)備上、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生，上所采取的一整套措施。

“Occupationalhealth”(alsoknownaslaborhygiene,industrialhygiene)referstoasetofmeasurestakenintechnology,equipment,medicalhealthinordertoprotectthehealthofworkersinproduction(business)activities,andtopreventandcontroloccupationaldiseasesandoccupationalhazardssuchasoccupationalfrequently-occurringdiseases.

2.職業(yè)危害因素(2)Occupationalhazardfactors

(1)生產(chǎn)工藝過程中的有害因素。Harmfulfactorsintheproductionprocess.

1)化學(xué)因素:如生產(chǎn)性毒物，鉛、苯、汞、一氧化碳、三硝基甲苯、有機磷農(nóng)藥、粉塵等。Chemicalfactors:suchasproductivetoxins,lead,benzene,mercury,carbonmonoxide,trinitrotoluene,organophosphoruspesticides,dust,etc.

2)物理因素:如高氣壓、低氣壓、噪聲、振動、非電離輻射等。

Physicalfactors:suchashighpressure,lowpressure,noise,vibration,non-ionizingradiation,etc.

3)生物因素:如炭疽桿菌、布氏桿菌等。

Biologicalfactors:suchasBacillusanthracis,Borreliaburgdorferi,etc.

(2)勞動過程中產(chǎn)生的有害因素。Harmfulfactorsgeneratedduringthelaborprocess.

(3)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中的有害因素。Harmfulfactorsintheproductionenvironment.第一節(jié)

勞動保護與職業(yè)健康

Section1LaborProtectionandOccupationalHealth二、建筑業(yè)職業(yè)病及防治2.Theoccupationaldiseasesandpreventioninconstructionindustry

防暑降溫應(yīng)采取綜合性措施:組織措施一合理安排工作時間，實行工間休息制度，早晚干活，中午延長休息時間等;技術(shù)措施一改革工藝，減少工人與熱源接觸的機會;通風(fēng)降溫一自然通風(fēng)或機械通風(fēng)，露天作業(yè)采取遮陽措施;衛(wèi)生保健措施一最好的辦法是供給含鹽飲料.Comprehensivemeasuresshouldbetakentopreventheatstroke:reasonablearrangementofworkinghours,implementationofworkrestsystem,workinthemorningandevening,extensionofresttimeatnoon,etc.;technicalmeasures-reformtheprocesstoreducethechancesofworkerscomingintocontactwithheatsources;ventilationcooling-naturalventilationormechanicalventilation.Outdooroperationsmusttakeshadingmeasures;healthcaremeasures-thebestwayistosupplysaltydrinks.第一節(jié)

勞動保護與職業(yè)健康

Section1LaborProtectionandOccupationalHealth第二節(jié)

施工現(xiàn)場安全事故的主要類型及防范措施

Section2MainTypesandPreventiveMeasuresofSafetyAccidentsatConstructionsite傷亡事故的分類Classificationofinjuriesandfatalities

(1)按傷害程度劃分(表18-1)：

(1)

Classifiedbydegreeofinjury(Table18-1).DegreeofdamageLostworkingdaysDefinitionofincapacityMinorinjuries＜of105daysofdisablinginjuryInjuriesthatcausephysicaldisabilityorfunctionalororganicmilddamagetoanorganoftheemployee,manifestedasmildortemporarylossofworkingcapacity.Seriousinjuries≥105daysofincapacitatinginjuriesphysicaldisabilityorvisual,auditoryandotherorgansofworkersareseriouslydamaged,whichcangenerallycauselong-termdysfunctionofthehumanbodyandgreatlossoflaborabilityDeathSetto6000days

deathimmediatelyaftertheaccident,includingacutepoisoningdeathordeathwithin30daysafterinjury.

(2)按事故嚴重程度劃分:

(2)Classifiedbyaccidentseverity:

1)輕傷事故-只有輕傷的事故。

1)Minoraccident-anaccidentwithonlyminorinjuries.

2)重傷事故-有重傷而無死亡的事故。2)SeriousInjuryAccidents-accidentswithseriousinjuriesbutnofatalities.

3)死亡事故-分重大傷亡事故和特大傷亡事故:

3)Fatalaccident-dividedintomajorcasualtyaccidentandmegacasualtyaccident:

①重大傷亡事故-一次事故死亡1~2人的事故。

①Majorcasualtyaccident-anaccidentinwhich1to2peopledied.

②特大傷亡事故-一次事故死亡3人以上的事故。

②Extremecasualtyaccident-anaccidentwithmorethan3deaths

(3)按傷害方式劃分:物體打擊;車輛傷害;機械傷害;觸電;淹溺;灼燙;火災(zāi);高處墜落;坍塌;冒頂片幫;透水;放炮;火藥爆炸;瓦斯爆炸;鍋爐爆炸;容器爆炸;其他爆炸;中毒和窒息;其他傷害。

(3)Classifiedbyinjury:objectstrikes;vehicleinjuries;mechanicalinjuries;electrocution;drowning;burns;fire;fallfromheight;collapse;roofingpieceofgang;waterpenetration;cannon;gunpowderexplosion;gasexplosion;boilerexplosion;containerexplosion;otherexplosions;poisoningandasphyxiation;otherinjuries.第二節(jié)

施工現(xiàn)場安全事故的主要類型及防范措施

Section2MainTypesandPreventiveMeasuresofSafetyAccidentsatConstructionsite

(4)按傷亡事故的等級劃分:(4)Classifiedbythelevelofcasualtyaccidents:

1)特別重大事故：造成30人以上死亡，或者100人以上重傷(包括急性工業(yè)中毒，下同)，或者1億元以上直接經(jīng)濟損失1)Particularlyseriousaccidents:causingmorethan30deaths,ormorethan100seriousinjuries(includingacuteindustrialpoisoning,thesamebelow),ordirecteconomiclossesofmorethan100millionyuan

2)重大事故：造成10人以上30人以下死亡，或者50人以上100人以下重傷，或者5000萬元以上1億元以下直接經(jīng)濟損失

2)Majoraccidents:causingmorethan10deathsandlessthan30deaths,orseriousinjuriestomorethan50peopleandlessthan100people,ordirecteconomiclossesofnotlessthan50millionyuanandlessthan100millionyuan

3)較大事故：造成3人以上10人以下死亡，或者10人以上50人以下重傷，或者1000萬元以上5000萬元以下直接經(jīng)濟損失3)seriousaccidents:causingmorethan3deathsandlessthan10deaths,orseriousinjuriestomorethan10peopleandlessthan50people,ordirecteconomiclossesofnotlessthan10millionyuanandlessthan50millionyuan

4)一般事故：造成3人以下死亡，或者10人以下重傷，或者1000萬元以下直接經(jīng)濟損失4)Generalaccident:causinglessthan3deaths,orlessthan10peopleseriouslyinjured,orlessthan10millionyuanofdirecteconomiclosses第二節(jié)

施工現(xiàn)場安全事故的主要類型及防范措施

Section2MainTypesandPreventiveMeasuresofSafetyAccidentsatConstructionsite第三節(jié)

施工現(xiàn)場安全事故應(yīng)急救援預(yù)案及救援措施

Section3EmergencyRescuePlanandRescueMeasuresforSafetyAccidentatConstructionSite

一、事故應(yīng)急救援的基本概念1.Thebasicconceptofaccidentemergencyrescue

應(yīng)急預(yù)案的分級

Gradingofemergencyplans

I級(企業(yè)級)

LevelI(enterpriselevel)

II級(縣、市級)

LevelII(county,citylevel)

IV級(省級)LevelIV(provinciallevel)

V級(國家級)

LevelV(nationallevel)二、事故救援預(yù)案的編制2.TheCompilationofaccidentrescueplan

編制原則：Compilationprinciples.

(1)目的性原則

Theprincipleofpurpose

(2)科學(xué)性原則

Theprincipleofscientific

(3)實用性原則

Theprincipleofpracticality

(4)權(quán)威性原則

Theprincipleofauthority

(5)從重、從大的原則

Priorityprincipleformajoraccidents

(6)分級的原則

Theprincipleofgrading

第三節(jié)

施工現(xiàn)場安全事故應(yīng)急救援預(yù)案及救援措施

Section3EmergencyRescuePlanandRescueMeasuresforSafetyAccidentatConstructionSite

三、事故救援預(yù)案的培訓(xùn)與演練

3.Theaccidentrescueplantrainingandexercises1.培訓(xùn)的方法與內(nèi)容

(1)Trainingmethodsandcontent

常規(guī)的基本培訓(xùn)：

(1)報警

(2)疏散

(3)火災(zāi)應(yīng)急培訓(xùn)

Regularbasictraining:1)alarm2)evacuation3)fireemergencytraining2.演練方法與內(nèi)容

(2)Drillmethodsandcontent

(1)單項演習(xí)是為了熟練掌握操作或完成某種特定任務(wù)所需的技能而進行的演習(xí)。如通信聯(lián)絡(luò)、通知、報信的程序等。Singleexercisesaredrillsconductedtobecomeproficientintheskillsrequiredtooperateoraccomplishaspecifictask.Suchascommunication,notification,reportingprocedures,etc.

(2)組合演習(xí)是一種檢查應(yīng)急組織之間及其外部組織(如保障組織)之間的相互協(xié)調(diào)而進行的演習(xí)。如撲滅火、公眾撤離等。Acombinationexerciseisanexerciseconductedtocheckthemutualcoordinationbetweenemergencyresponseorganizationsandtheirexternalorganizations(e.g.,securityorganizations).Forexample,fireextermination,publicevacuation,etc.

(3)全面演習(xí)或稱綜合演習(xí)是應(yīng)急預(yù)案內(nèi)規(guī)定的所在單位或者其中絕大多數(shù)單位參加的為全面檢查執(zhí)行預(yù)案狀況而進行的演習(xí)Acomprehensiveexerciseorintegratedexerciseisanexerciseconductedtocheckthestatusoftheimplementationoftheplancomprehensivelybytheunitsorthevastmajorityofthem,asspecifiedintheemergencyplan第三節(jié)

施工現(xiàn)場安全事故應(yīng)急救援預(yù)案及救援措施

Section3EmergencyRescuePlanandRescueMeasuresforSafetyAccidentatConstructionSite

四、施工現(xiàn)場急救常識和基本方法4.Commonsenseandbasicmethodsoffirstaidatconstructionsites1.火災(zāi)急救知識

(1)Firefirstaid

一般地說，起火要有三個條件，即可燃物(木材、汽油等)、助燃物(氧氣等)和點火源(明火、煙火、電焊花等)。撲滅初期火災(zāi)的一切措施，都是為了破壞已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生的燃燒條件。Generallyspeaking,therearethreeconditionsforstartingafire,namely,combustibles(wood,gasoline,etc.),combustionaids(oxygen,etc.)andignitionsources(openfire,pyrotechnics,electricweldingflowers,etc.).Allmeasurestoextinguishtheinitialfirearetodestroythecombustionconditionsthathavealreadybeenproduced.2.火災(zāi)急救的基本方法：

(2)Basicmethodsoffirefirstaid:

1)先控制，后消滅Firstcontrol,thenexterminate2)救人重于救火

Savingpeopleismoreimportantthanfightingfires.

3)先重點，后一般Focusfirst,thengeneral第三節(jié)

施工現(xiàn)場安全事故應(yīng)急救援預(yù)案及救援措施

Section3EmergencyRescuePlanandRescueMeasuresforSafetyAccidentatConstructionSite

4)正確使用滅火器材。Thecorrectuseoffireextinguishingequipment.

①酸堿滅火器:倒過來稍加搖動或打開開關(guān)，藥劑噴出。適合撲救油類火災(zāi)。

①Acidandalkalifireextinguisher:turnupsidedownandshakeslightlyorturnontheswitch,theagentsprayedout.Itissuitableforfightingoilfires.

②泡沫滅火器:把滅火器簡身倒過來使用。適用于撲救木材、棉花、紙張等火災(zāi)，不能撲救電氣、油類火災(zāi)

②Foamfireextinguisher:usethefireextinguisherupsidedown.Itissuitableforfightingwood,cotton,paperandotherfires,andcannotbeextinguishedcausedbyelectrical,oil,etc..

③二氧化碳滅火器:一手拿好喇叭簡對準火源，另一手打開開關(guān)即可。適用于撲救貴重儀器和設(shè)備，不能撲救金屬鉀、鈉、鎂、鋁等物質(zhì)的火災(zāi)。

③Carbondioxidefireextinguisher:Holdthehorninonehandandaimitatthesourceofthefire,andturnontheswitchwiththeotherhand.Itissuitableforfightingpreciousinstrumentsandequipment,andcannotbeusedforfiresofmetalpotassium,sodium,magnesium,aluminumandothersubstances.

④干粉滅火器:打開保險銷，把噴管口對準火源，拉出拉環(huán)，即可噴出。適用于撲救石油產(chǎn)品、油漆、有機溶劑和電氣設(shè)備等火災(zāi)。

④Drypowderfireextinguisher:openthesafetypin,pointthenozzlemouthatthefiresource,pulloutthepullring,andthensprayout.Itissuitableforfightingfiressuchaspetroleumproducts,paints,organicsolventsandelectricalequipment.Carbondioxidefireextinguisherscannotputoutfiresofpotassium,sodium,magnesium,aluminumandothersubstances.第三節(jié)

施工現(xiàn)場安全事故應(yīng)急救援預(yù)案及救援措施

Section3EmergencyRescuePlanandRescueMeasuresforSafetyAccidentatConstructionSite

第四節(jié)

安全事故調(diào)查處理的程序與規(guī)定

Section4ProceduresandRegulationsfortheInvestigationandHandlingofSafetyAccident一、事故的報告與統(tǒng)計1.Accidentreportingandstatistics

事故報告

Accidentreporting

(1)事故發(fā)生后，事故現(xiàn)場有關(guān)人員應(yīng)當(dāng)立即向本單位負責(zé)人報告:單位負責(zé)人接到報告后，應(yīng)當(dāng)于1h內(nèi)向事故發(fā)生地縣級以上人民政府安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門和負有安全生產(chǎn)管理職責(zé)的有關(guān)部門報告。(1)aftertheaccident,therelevantpersonnelatthesceneoftheaccidentshallimmediatelyreporttothepersoninchargeoftheunit:afterreceivingthereport,thepersoninchargeoftheunitshallreporttothesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentofthepeople’sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelwheretheaccidentoccurredandtherelevantdepartmentwiththeresponsibilityforsafetyproductionmanagementwithin1hour.

情況緊急時，事故現(xiàn)場有關(guān)人員可以直接向事故發(fā)生地縣級以上人民政府安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門和負有安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)的有關(guān)部門報告。Incaseofemergency,relevantpersonnelatthesceneoftheaccidentmaydirectlyreporttothesafetyproductionsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentofthepeople’sgovernmentatorabovethecountylevelwheretheaccidentoccurred.andtherelevantdepartmentsresponsibleforthesupervisionandmanagementofproductionsafety

(2)特別重大事故、重大事故逐級上報至國務(wù)院安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門和負有安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)的有關(guān)部門;較大事故逐級上報至省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門和負有安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)的有關(guān)部門；一般事故上報至設(shè)區(qū)的市級人民政府安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門和負有安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)的有關(guān)部門。

(2)AnespeciallyseriousaccidentorseriousaccidentshallbereportedlevelbyleveltotheworksafetyauthorityandrelevantauthoritiesresponsibleforworksafetyoftheStateCouncil;Alargeaccidentshallbereportedlevelbyleveltotheworksafetyauthorityandrelevantauthoritiesresponsibleforworksafetyofthepeople'sgovernmentofaprovince,autonomousregionormunicipalitydirectlyundertheCentralGovernment;Anordinaryaccidentshallbereportedtotheworksafetyauthorityandrelevantauthoritiesresponsibleforworksafetyofthepeople'sgovernmentofamunicipalitywithdistricts.

(3)安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理部門和負有安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理職責(zé)的有關(guān)部門逐級上報事故情況，每級上報的時間不得超過2h。

(3)Wheretheworksafetyauthorityandrelevantauthoritiesresponsibleforworksafetyreportanaccidentlevelbylevel,thetimeforreportingateachlevelshallnotexceed2hours.第四節(jié)

安全事故調(diào)查處理的程序與規(guī)定

Section4ProceduresandRegulationsfortheInvestigationandHandlingofSafetyAccident二、安全事故的調(diào)查處理

2.Investigationanddispositionofworksafetyaccidents1.保護現(xiàn)場，組織調(diào)查組(1)Protectionofthesceneandtheorganizationoftheinvestigationteam

(1)事故現(xiàn)場的保護:

Theprotectionoftheaccidentsite:

1)事故發(fā)生后，事故發(fā)生單位應(yīng)當(dāng)立即采取有效措施，首先搶救傷員和排除險情，制止事故蔓延擴大，穩(wěn)定施工人員情緒。

Aftertheoccurrenceofanaccident,theaccidententityshouldimmediatelytakeeffectivemeasurestofirstrescuetheinjuredandremovethedanger,preventtheaccidentfromspreadingandexpanding,andstabilizethemoodofotherconstructors.

2)一次死亡3人以上的事故，要按住建部有關(guān)規(guī)定，立即組織攝像和召開現(xiàn)場會，教育全體職工。Asforanaccidentwithmorethanthreedeaths,accordingtotherelevantprovisionsoftheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopment,weshouldimmediatelyorganizecameraandholdanon-sitemeetingtoeducateallworkers.第四節(jié)

安全事故調(diào)查處理的程序與規(guī)定

Section4ProceduresandRegulationsfortheInvestigationandHandlingofSafetyAccident

(2)組織事故調(diào)查組，事故調(diào)查管轄權(quán)為:Theorganizationoftheaccidentinvestigationteam,accidentinvestigationjurisdictionis:

1)特別重大事故由國務(wù)院或者國務(wù)院授權(quán)有關(guān)部門組織事故調(diào)查組進行調(diào)查。

ParticularlyseriousaccidentsshallbeinvestigatedbytheStateCouncilortherelevantdepartmentsauthorizedbytheStateCounciltoorganizeaccidentinvestigationteam.

2)重大事故、較大事故、一般事故分別由事故發(fā)生地省級人民政府、設(shè)區(qū)的市級人民政府、縣級人民政府負責(zé)調(diào)查。省級人民政府、設(shè)區(qū)的市級人民政府、縣級人民政府可以直接組織事故調(diào)查組進行調(diào)查，也可以授權(quán)或者委托有關(guān)部門組織事故調(diào)查組進行調(diào)查。Seriousaccident,largeaccident,ordinaryaccidentshallrespectivelybeinvestigatedbytheprovincialpeople‘sgovernmentwheretheaccidentoccurred,themunicipalpeople’sgovernment,thecountypeople’sgovernment.Provincialpeople'sgovernment,municipalpeople’sgovernmentwithdistricts,county-levelpeople'sgovernmentcandirectlyorganizetheaccidentinvestigationteamtoinvestigate,butalsotoauthorizetherelevantdepartmentstoorganizetheaccidentinvestigationteam.

未造成人員傷亡的一般事故，縣級人民政府也可以委托事故發(fā)生單位組織事故調(diào)查組進行調(diào)查。Abouttheordinaryaccidentthatcausednocasualties,thecounty-levelpeople'sgovernmentcanalsoentrusttheentityofoccurrenceoftheaccidenttoorganizeanaccidentinvestigationteamtoinvestigate.第四節(jié)

安全事故調(diào)查處理的程序與規(guī)定

Section4ProceduresandRegulationsfortheInvestigationandHandlingofSafetyAccident

(3)事故調(diào)查組職責(zé):

Theresponsibilitiesoftheaccidentinvestigationteam:

1)查明事故發(fā)生的經(jīng)過，原因、人員傷亡情況及直接經(jīng)濟損失。Toidentifythedetails,cause,casualtiesanddirecteconomiclossesoftheaccident.

2)認定事故的性質(zhì)和事故責(zé)任。

Determinethenatureoftheaccidentandtheresponsibilityfortheaccident.

3)提出對事故責(zé)任者的處理建議。Putforwardrecommendationsforthedispositionofthoseresponsiblefortheaccident.

4)總結(jié)事故教訓(xùn)，提出防范和整改措施。

Summarizethelessonslearnedfromtheaccident,andputforwardpreventiveandcorrectivemeasures.第四節(jié)

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2.現(xiàn)場勘測

(2)SiteInvestigation

(1)做出筆錄Makearecord

(2)現(xiàn)場拍照或攝像

Takepicturesorvideoonthespot

(3)繪制事故圖

Drawaccidentmap

(4)事故事實材料和證人材料收集

Collectfactualmaterialandwitnessmaterial第四節(jié)

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Section4ProceduresandRegulationsfortheInvestigationandHandlingofSafetyAccident3.分析事故原因，明確責(zé)任者(3)Analyzethecauseoftheaccidentandidentifythoseresponsible(1)事故的性質(zhì)通常分為三類:Thenatureoftheaccidentisusuallydividedintothreecategories:

1)責(zé)任事故，因有關(guān)人員的過失造成的事故。Responsibleaccident,whichcausedbythenegligenceofthepeopleinvolved

2)非責(zé)任事故，由于自然界的因素而造成的不可抗拒的事故，或由于未知領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)問題而造成的事故。

Non-responsibleaccident,accidentcausedbyirresistiblenaturalfactors,ortechnicalproblemsinunknownareas.

3)破壞事故，為達到一定目的而蓄意制造的事故。由公安機關(guān)和企業(yè)保衛(wèi)部門認真追查破案，依法處理。

Sabotageaccident,accidentdeliberatelycreatedtoachievecertainpurposes,whichshallbeinvestigatedandsolvedbythepublicsecuritybureauandthesecuritydepartmentsofenterprises,andmadedispositionsaccordingtothelaw.第四節(jié)

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(2)責(zé)任事故的責(zé)任劃分:對責(zé)任事故，應(yīng)根據(jù)事故調(diào)查所確認的事實，通過對事故的原因的分析來確定事故的直接責(zé)任者、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任者和管理責(zé)任者。

Divisionofresponsibilityfortheresponsibleaccident:thepersondirectlyresponsiblefortheaccident,theleadershipandthemanagementoftheaccidentshallbedeterminedthroughtheanalysisofthecauseoftheaccidentandthefactsconfirmedbyinvestigation.

1)直接責(zé)任者-其行為與事故的發(fā)生有直接因果關(guān)系的責(zé)任人Thedirectresponsibility-thepersonwhoseactionshaveadirectcausalrelationshipwiththeoccurrenceoftheaccident.

2)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任者-對事

故發(fā)生負有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任的責(zé)任人Theleadershipresponsibility-thepersonresponsiblefortheoccurrenceoftheaccidentwithleadershipresponsibility.

3)管理責(zé)任者-對事故發(fā)生負有管理責(zé)任的責(zé)任人Themanagementresponsibility-thepersonresponsiblefortheoccurrenceoftheaccidentwithmanagementresponsibility.

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任者和管理責(zé)任者中，對事故發(fā)生起主要作用的，為主要責(zé)任者。Betweentheleadershipresponsibilityandthemanagementresponsibility,theonewhoplayedamajorroleintheaccidentisprimarilyresponsible.第四節(jié)

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Section4ProceduresandRegulationsfortheInvestigationandHandlingofSafetyAccident4.提出處理意見，寫出調(diào)查報告(4)Proposeopinionsondisposition,writeaninvestigationreport

(1)四不放過：Fourthingsmustbedone:

即事故原因分析不清不放過、事故責(zé)任者和群眾沒有接受到教育不放過、沒有防范措施不放過、事故的責(zé)任者沒有受到處罰不放過。Thatis,makeitclearaboutthecauseoftheaccident,educationmustbedeliveredtothepersonresponsiblefortheaccidentandthemasses,preventivemeasuresmustbeputforward,punishmentmustbegiventothepersonresponsiblefortheaccident.

(2)事故調(diào)查報告應(yīng)當(dāng)包括的內(nèi)容:

Anaccidentinvestigationreportshallinclude:

1)事故發(fā)生單位概況。

Introductiontotheentityofoccurrenceoftheaccident.

2)事故發(fā)生經(jīng)過和事故救援情況。Theprocessandrescuesituationoftheaccident.

3)事故造成的人員傷亡和直接經(jīng)濟損失。Numberofcasualtiesanddirecteconomiclosses.

4)事故發(fā)生的原因和事故性質(zhì)。

Thecauseandnurtureoftheaccident.

5)事故防范和整改措施。

Accidentpreventionandcorrectivemeasures.第四節(jié)

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Section4ProceduresandRegulationsfortheInvestigationandHandlingofSafetyAccident(3)事故處理結(jié)案:Closureoftheaccident:

重大事故、較大事故、一般事故，負責(zé)事故調(diào)查的人民政府應(yīng)當(dāng)自收到事故調(diào)查報告之日起15日內(nèi)做出批復(fù);特別重大事故，30日內(nèi)做出批復(fù)，特殊情況下，批復(fù)時間可以適當(dāng)延長，但延長的時間最長不超過30日。Abouttheseriousaccident,largeaccident,ordinaryaccident,thepeople'sgovernmentresponsibleforaccidentinvestigationshallmakeareplywithin15daysfromthedateofreceivingtheaccidentinvestigationreport;especiallyseriousaccident,within30daysandthetimecanbeappropriatelyextendedunderspecialcircumstances,butthemaximumextensiondoesnotexceed30days.第四節(jié)

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Section4ProceduresandRegulationsfortheInvestigationandHandlingofSafetyAccident三、工傷保險3.Industrialinjuryinsurance1.工傷范圍及其認定(1)Scopeofwork-relatedinjuriesandrecognition

(1)《工傷保險條例》中明確規(guī)定，職工有下列情況之一的，應(yīng)當(dāng)認定為工傷:TheRegulationsonWork-relatedInjuryInsuranceclearlystipulatethatanemployeeshallbeascertainedtohavesufferedfromwork-relatedinjuryif:

1)在工作時間和工作場所內(nèi)，因工作原因受到事故傷害的。

Heisinjuredfromanaccidentwithintheworkinghoursandtheworkplaceduetohiswork.

2)工作時間前后在工作場所內(nèi)，從事與工作有關(guān)的預(yù)備性或者收尾性工作受到事故傷害的。

Heisinjuredfromanaccidentwithintheworkplacebeforeoraftertheworkinghoursfordoingpreparatoryorfinishingworkrelatedhisjob;

3)在工作時間和工作場所內(nèi)，因履行工作職責(zé)受到暴力等意外傷害的。Hesuffersfromviolenceorotherunexpectedinjurywithintheworkinghoursandworkplaceduetoimplementationofhisduties.第四節(jié)

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4)患職業(yè)病的。

Hesuffersfromanoccupationaldisease.

5)因公外出期間，由于工作原因受到傷害或者發(fā)生事故下落不明。Hiswhereaboutsareunknownduetohisinjuryoraccidentduringhistripforperforminghisduties.

6)在上、下班途中，受到機動車事故傷害的。Heisinjuredinamotorvehicleaccidentwhilegoingtoorreturningfromwork.

7)法律、行政法規(guī)規(guī)定應(yīng)當(dāng)認定為工傷的其他情況。

Heisinothercircumstancesthatshallbedeterminedaswork-relatedinjuryaccordingtotheprovisionsoflawsandadministrativeregulations.第四節(jié)

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(2)職工有下列情況之一的，視同工傷:

Anemployeeshallberegardedtohavesufferedfrom