法律英語專業(yè)術(shù)語試題庫

綜合試卷第=PAGE1*2-11頁（共=NUMPAGES1*22頁） 綜合試卷第=PAGE1*22頁（共=NUMPAGES1*22頁）PAGE①姓名所在地區(qū)姓名所在地區(qū)身份證號密封線1.請首先在試卷的標(biāo)封處填寫您的姓名，身份證號和所在地區(qū)名稱。2.請仔細(xì)閱讀各種題目的回答要求，在規(guī)定的位置填寫您的答案。3.不要在試卷上亂涂亂畫，不要在標(biāo)封區(qū)內(nèi)填寫無關(guān)內(nèi)容。一、單項選擇題1.Tortlawrefersto

a.alegalsystem

b.abranchofprivatelaw

c.criminallaw

d.constitutionallaw

2.Awritofhabeascorpusisa

a.judicialdecree

b.writissuedtopreventthewrongfulimprisonment

c.law

d.regulation

3.Theprincipleof"actusreus"requires

a.intentionality

b.adangerousact

c.bothadangerousactandintentionality

d.neitheradangerousactnorintentionality

4.Inthelegalsystem,"statutorylaw"refersto

a.thebodyoflawderivedfromstatutes

b.thelawoftheland

c.thelawcreatedthecourts

d.thelawderivedfrommonlawprinciples

5.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"delictualliability"?

a.abreachofcontract

b.atortiousact

c.anintentionalwrong

d.aviolationoftheconstitutionallaw

答案及解題思路：

1.答案：b.abranchofprivatelaw

解題思路：Tortlaw（侵權(quán)法）是私法的一個分支，它主要處理個人之間的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系。

2.答案：b.writissuedtopreventthewrongfulimprisonment

解題思路：Habeascorpus（人身保護(hù)令）是一種司法令狀，用于防止非法監(jiān)禁。

3.答案：b.adangerousact

解題思路：Actusreus（犯罪行為）原則要求有危險行為的存在，這是構(gòu)成犯罪的一個必要條件。

4.答案：a.thebodyoflawderivedfromstatutes

解題思路：Statutorylaw（成文法）是指從法律條文中產(chǎn)生的法律體系。

5.答案：b.atortiousact

解題思路：Delictualliability（侵權(quán)責(zé)任）是指因侵權(quán)行為而產(chǎn)生的法律責(zé)任，因此侵權(quán)行為是侵權(quán)責(zé)任的一個例子。二、多項選擇題1.ThesourcesofEnglishlawinclude

a.theCommonLaw

b.equity

c.theStatuteLaw

d.judicialprecedents

e.theConstitution

2.Whichofthefollowingarethetypesoftorts?

a.negligence

b.trespass

c.defamation

d.fraud

e.assault

3.Theprinciplesofa"tortofdefamation"are

a.malice

b.truth

c.publicinterest

d.intention

e.reasonableforeseeability

4.Whichofthefollowingarethetypesofcontracts?

a.verbalcontract

b.writtencontract

c.executedcontract

d.executorycontract

e.voidcontract

5.ThefundamentalrulesoftheContractLawinclude

a.offer

b.acceptance

c.consideration

d.capacity

e.goodfaith

答案及解題思路：

1.答案：a,b,c,d,e

解題思路：英國法律的淵源包括普通法（CommonLaw）、衡平法（equity）、成文法（StatuteLaw）、司法先例（judicialprecedents）以及憲法（theConstitution）。這些是構(gòu)成英國法律體系的主要元素。

2.答案：a,b,c,d,e

解題思路：侵權(quán)行為（torts）是法律上對他人權(quán)利造成損害或不當(dāng)行為的行為。其中包括疏忽（negligence）、非法侵入（trespass）、誹謗（defamation）、欺詐（fraud）和攻擊（assault）等。

3.答案：a,b,c,d,e

解題思路：誹謗（defamation）作為一種侵權(quán)行為，通常涉及以下原則：惡意（malice）、事實（truth）、公共利益（publicinterest）、意圖（intention）和合理預(yù)見性（reasonableforeseeability）。

4.答案：a,b,c,d,e

解題思路：合同（contracts）有多種形式，包括口頭合同（verbalcontract）、書面合同（writtencontract）、已履行合同（executedcontract）、待履行合同（executorycontract）和無效合同（voidcontract）。

5.答案：a,b,c,d,e

解題思路：合同法（ContractLaw）的基本規(guī)則包括要約（offer）、承諾（acceptance）、對價（consideration）、締約能力（capacity）和誠信（goodfaith）。這些是合同成立和生效的核心要素。三、填空題1.Intortlaw,"actusreus"means

Thewrongfulactorconductthatconstitutestheessentialelementofatort.

2."Statutorylaw"refersto

Lawsthatareenactedalegislativebody,suchasaparliamentorcongress.

3.Awritofhabeascorpusisusedto

Securethereleaseofapersonfromunlawfulcustodyordetention.

4.Theprincipleof"estoppel"isbasedon

Theprinciplethatpreventsapersonfromdenyingorassertingafactthattheyhavepreviouslyadmittedorrepresented.

5.Inacontract,"consideration"refersto

Somethingofvalueexchangedbetweenthepartiestoacontract,whichisessentialforthecontracttobelegallybinding.

答案及解題思路：

答案：

1.Thewrongfulactorconductthatconstitutestheessentialelementofatort.

2.Lawsthatareenactedalegislativebody,suchasaparliamentorcongress.

3.Securethereleaseofapersonfromunlawfulcustodyordetention.

4.Theprinciplethatpreventsapersonfromdenyingorassertingafactthattheyhavepreviouslyadmittedorrepresented.

5.Somethingofvalueexchangedbetweenthepartiestoacontract,whichisessentialforthecontracttobelegallybinding.

解題思路：

1."Actusreus"isaLatintermthattranslatesto"guiltyact"intortlaw,referringtotheharmfulactthatformsthebasisofatortclaim.

2."Statutorylaw"isatermusedtodescribelawsthatarecreatedlegislativebodies,distinguishingthemfrommonlaworcaselaw.

3.Awritofhabeascorpusisalegalactionthatprotectsindividualsfrombeingheldincustodywithoutdueprocess,ensuringthatdetentionislegal.

4.Theprincipleof"estoppel"operatesonthebasisoffairnessandpreventsindividualsfromcontradictingtheirownpreviousstatementsoractions.

5."Consideration"incontractlawreferstotheexchangeofsomethingofvalue,whetheritbemoney,goods,services,orpromises,thatmakesthecontractenforceable.四、簡答題1.Brieflyexplaintheprincipleof"resjudicata".

Theprincipleof"resjudicata"(alsoknownas"claimpreclusion"intheUnitedStates)isalegaldoctrinethatpreventsthesamepartiesfromrelitigatingthesameclaiminsubsequentactions.Thisprincipleisbasedonthepolicyoffinalityandjudicialefficiency,ensuringthatdisputesareresolvedonceandforall.

2.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweentortandcontractlaw?

Themaindifferencebetweentortandcontractlawliesintheirunderlyingbases.Tortlawdealswithcivilwrongsorinjuriesthatresultfromthebreachofadutyowedtothepublicingeneral,whilecontractlawconcernsagreementsbetweenspecificpartiestoexchangegoods,services,orbenefits.Tortclaimsdonotrequireaformalcontract,whereascontractclaimsarepredicatedontheexistenceofacontract.

3.ExplaintheroleofjudicialprecedentsintheCommonLawsystem.

JudicialprecedentsplayacrucialroleintheCommonLawsystemprovidingguidanceforfuturedecisions.Judgesareboundtofollowprecedentssethighercourts,ensuringconsistencyandpredictabilityinthelaw.Precedentshelptoclarifylegalprinciplesandcreateabodyoflawthatevolvesthroughtheaccumulationofdecisionsovertime.

4.Whataretheelementsofatortofdefamation?

Theelementsofatortofdefamationtypicallyinclude:

1.Afalseanddefamatorystatementoffact;

2.Publicationofthestatementtoathirdparty;

3.Identificationoftheplaintiff;

4.Publicationofthestatementthedefendant;

5.Fault(usuallynegligence,intention,orrecklessdisregard)onthepartofthedefendant;

6.Actualorimpliedharmtotheplaintiff'sreputationorcharacter.

5.Describethefundamentalrulesofacontract.

Thefundamentalrulesofacontractinclude:

1.OfferandAcceptance:Theremustbeaclearofferonepartyandanunconditionalacceptancetheother.

2.Consideration:Bothpartiesmustexchangesomethingofvalue(consideration)toformabindingagreement.

3.IntenttoCreateLegalRelations:Thepartiesmustintendtocreatealegallyenforceablecontract.

4.LegalCapacity:Allpartiesinvolvedmusthavethelegalabilitytoenterintoacontract.

5.NoFraud,Misrepresentation,orUndueInfluence:Thecontractmustnotbeformedthroughfraud,misleadingstatements,orpressurefromtheotherparty.

答案及解題思路：

1.Theprincipleof"resjudicata"ensuresfinalitypreventingtherelitigationofclaims,thussavingtimeandresourcesforallpartiesinvolved.

2.Tortlawisbasedondutiestothepublic,whereascontractlawisbasedonagreementsbetweenspecificparties.Tortclaimsarisewithoutacontract,whilecontractclaimsrequireacontractualagreement.

3.JudicialprecedentsintheCommonLawsystemguidejudgessettingaprecedentforfuturedecisions,promotingconsistencyandpredictabilityinthelaw.

4.Theelementsofdefamationinvolveafalsestatement,publication,identificationoftheplaintiff,faultonthepartofthedefendant,andharmtotheplaintiff'sreputation.

5.Thefundamentalrulesofacontractensurethatthereisaclearofferandacceptance,consideration,legalintent,legalcapacity,andnofraudulentormisleadingpractices.五、論述題1.DiscussthedevelopmentofequitylawintheEnglishlegalsystem.

TheevolutionofequitylawintheEnglishlegalsystemcanbetracedbacktothemedievalperiodwhentheChurch'scanonlawandlocalcustomsplayedasignificantroleinresolvingdisputes.Overtime,themonlawcourtsandtheChurch'scourtsdevelopeddistinctjudicialsystems,withtheChurch'scourtsfocusingonequityandthemonlawcourtsonstrictlegalprinciples.

Discussthekeystagesinthedevelopmentofequitylaw,includingtheemergenceoftheCourtofChancery,theprinciplesofequity,andtheinteractionbetweenequityandmonlaw.ConsidertheinfluenceoffiguressuchasLordChancellorandhowequitywasadaptedtoaddressthelimitationsofmonlaw.

2.Analyzetheimpactofmoderntechnologyontortlaw.

Examinehowadvancementsintechnologyhaveaffectedthescopeandapplicationoftortlaw.Discussissuessuchascybertorts,theliabilityofcorporationsfortechnologicalfailures,andthechallengesindeterminingjurisdictionincasesinvolvinginternationaltechnology.

Analyzetheimpactoftechnologyonevidencegatheringandpresentationintortcases.Considertheroleofdigitalevidence,theadmissibilityofelectronicmunications,andthepotentialformanipulationorlossofsuchevidence.

3.Discusstheroleofthejudgeinatrial.

Explorethevariousresponsibilitiesofajudgeduringatrial,includingpresidingovertheproceedings,ensuringfairness,interpretingthelaw,andmakingdecisionsonmotionsandevidence.Discussthebalancebetweenthejudge'sroleasanimpartialarbiterandtheneedtoguidethejury.

Analyzetheimpactofrecentreformsontheroleofthejudge,suchastheincreasingemphasisonjurynullificationandtheroleofthejudgeindirectingthejury'sverdict.

4.Examinetheconceptof"capacity"incontractlaw.

Definetheconceptof"capacity"incontractlawanddiscussitsimportanceinensuringthevalidityofcontracts.Considerthecapacitytocontract,thementalcapacityofparties,andtheimplicationsofincapacityforminors,personswithdisabilities,andthoseundertheinfluenceofdrugsoralcohol.

Analyzethelegaltestsusedtodeterminecapacityandthepotentialchallengesinprovingincapacity,particularlyinplextransactions.

5.Evaluatetheeffectivenessoflegalaidinensuringaccesstojustice.

Discusstheroleoflegalaidinprovidingfinancialassistancetoindividualswhocannotaffordlegalrepresentation.Analyzetheimpactoflegalaidonaccesstojustice,consideringboththenumberofpeoplewhoreceiveaidandthequalityoflegalservicesprovided.

Evaluatetheeffectivenessoflegalaidprogramsindifferentjurisdictionsanddiscussthechallengesfacedlegalaidproviders.Considerthepotentialforreformandtheimpactofbudgetconstraintsonlegalaidservices.

答案及解題思路：

1.答案：EquitylawintheEnglishlegalsystemhasevolvedsignificantlyfromitsmedievalorigins.TheemergenceoftheCourtofChancerymarkedashifttowardsresolvingdisputesbasedonprinciplesoffairnessandequity.Overtime,equityandmonlawdevelopedalongsideeachother,withequityaddressinggapsinmonlaw.TheroleoftheLordChancellorwascrucialinshapingequityprinciples.

解題思路：介紹equitylaw的起源和發(fā)展歷程。分析Chancery法院的作用以及equity原則的形成。討論equity與monlaw的關(guān)系以及重要人物如LordChancellor的影響。

2.答案：Moderntechnol