考研英語二（閱讀）試卷5

考研英語二（閱讀）-試卷5

（總分：60.00,做題時間：90分鐘）

一、ReadingComprehension（總題數(shù)：6,分?jǐn)?shù)：60.00）

1.SectionIIReadingComprehension（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

解析：

2.PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.（分?jǐn)?shù):10,00）

解析：

About3billionpeoplelivewithin100milesofthesea,anumberthatcoulddoubleinthe

nextdecadeashumansflocktocoastalcities1ikegulls.Theoceansproduce$3triIlionof

goodsandserviceseachyearanduntoldvaluefortheEarth'secology.Lifecouldnotexist

withoutthesevastwaterreserves-and,ifanything,theyarebecomingevenmoreimportant

tohumansthanbefore.Miningisabouttobeginundertheseabedinthehighseas-the

regionsoutsidetheexclusiveeconomiczonesadministeredbycoastalandislandnations,

whichstretch200nauticalmilesoffshore.Nineteenexploratorylicenceshavebeenissued.

NewsummershippinglanesareopeningacrosstheArcticOcean.Thegeneticresourcesof

marinelifepromiseapharmaceuticalbonanza:thenumberofpatentshasbeenrisingat12%a

year.Onestudyfoundthatgeneticmaterialfromtheseasisahundredtimesmorelikelyto

haveanti-cancerpropertiesthanthatfromterrestriallife.Butthesedevelopmentsare

minorcomparedwithvasterforcesreshapingtheEarth,bothonlandandatsea.Ithaslong

beenclearthatpeoplearedamagingtheoceans一witnessthemeltingoftheArcticicein

summer,thespreadofoxygenstarveddeadzonesandthedeathofcoralreefs.Now,the

consequencesofthatdamagearestartingtobefeltonshore.Thailandprovidesavivid

example.Inthe1990sitclearedcoastalmangroveswampstosetupshrimpfarms.Oceanstorm

surgesin2011,nolongercushionedbythemangroves,rushedintofloodthecountry's

industrialheartland,causingbillionsofdollarsofdamage.Moreseriousistheglobal

mismanagementoffishstocks.About3billionpeoplegetafifthoftheirproteinfromfish,

makingitamoreimportantproteinsourcethanbeef.Butaviciouscyclehasdevelopedas

fishstocksdeclineandfishermenracetograbwhattheycanoftheremainder.Accordingto

theFoodandAgricultureOrganization（FAO）,athirdoffishstocksintheoceansareover-

exploited;someestimatessaytheproportionismorethanhalf.Onestudysuggestedthat

stocksofbigpredatoryspecies-suchastuna,swordfishandmarlin一mayhavefallenbyas

muchas90%sincethe1950s.Peoplecouldbeeatingmuchbetter,werefishingstocks

properlymanaged.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

（1）.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichoneisNOTtrue?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.TheoceansproducenumerousbenefitsfortheEarth'secology.

B.Alargenumberofpeopleenjoylivingbytheseaorincoastalcities.

C.Theoceanswou1dproduce$6triIlionofgoodsandservicesinthenextdecade.J

D.Thenumberofpeoplelivingbytheseacouldprobablybe6billionintenyears.

解析：解析：選項［A］對應(yīng)第一段第二句：Theoceansproduce$3trillionofgoodsand

serviceseachyearanduntoldvaluefortheEarth,secology.其中，numerousbenefits=untold

value,故該項表述正確。選項［B］對應(yīng)第一句：About3billionpeoplelivewithin100milesof

thesea,anum-berthatcoulddoubleinthenextdecadeashumansflocktocoastalcities

1ikegulIs.其中humansflocktocoastalcities=peopleenjoylivingincoastalcities,故該項

表述正確。選項［C］屬于無中生有，錯誤。選項［D］對應(yīng)第一句的“anumberthatcoulddoubleinthe

nextdecade",從而推斷該項表述正確。綜上所述，該題答案為選項［C］。

(2).Theoceansareabouttobeexploredbecause.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.marinelifehasmoremedicalvaluethanlandlifeJ

B.humanbeingshavetherighttoexplorethenature

C.theyareunknownandmysterioustohumanbeing

D.theexplorationwillbringgreateconomicbenefits

解析：解析：根據(jù)題干中的oceans,abouttobeexplored等信息定位到第二段第一句:Mining

isabouttobeginundertheseabedinthehighseas…其中mining…undertheseabed對應(yīng)oceans

tobeexploredo而人們探索海洋的原因出現(xiàn)在該段最后兩句：Thegeneticresourcesofmarine

1ifepromiseapharmaceuticalbonanza.Onestudyfoundthatgeneticmaterialfromtheseasis

ahundredtimesmorelikelytohaveanti-cancerpropertiesthanthatfromterrestrial

life.即便看不懂Thege-neticresourcesofmarinelifepromiseapharmaceuticalbonanza這一

句，我們至少能知道原因是因為marinelife,而四個選項中唯有選項［A］出現(xiàn)了這個詞，從而可以推斷

該項為答案。該句的pharmaceutical表示“制藥的"，bonanza表示“富礦，財源”，總體上來說

pharmaceuticalbonanza相當(dāng)于medicalvalue,故選項［A］為答案。

(3).ConsequencesofdamagingtheoceansincludeallEXCEPT.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.vanishingofmarineorganisms

B.emergenceofoceanstormsurgesJ

C.expansionofareasofoxygendeficit

D.changeofclimateandriseoftemperature

解析：解析：根據(jù)題干中的consequencesofdamagingtheoceans定位到第三段最后?句：Now,the

consequencesofthatdamagealestartingtobefeltonshore.這句話之前也提至U一句：Ithas

longbeenclearthatpeoplearedamagingtheoceans-witnessthemeltingoftheArcticicein

summer,thespreadofoxygenstarveddeadzonesandthedeathofcoralreefs.其中破折號后面

的內(nèi)容就是damagingtheoceans的具體體現(xiàn)。其中witnessthemeltingoftheArcticicein

summer對應(yīng)［D］changeofclimateandriseoftemperature；thespreadofoxygenstarveddead

zones對應(yīng)［C］expan——sionofareasofoxygendeficit；thedeathofcoralreefs對應(yīng)

［A］vanishingofmarineorganismso而［B］項的emergenceofoceanstormsurges在第四段第三句有

提到，但是風(fēng)暴潮的出現(xiàn)并不是破壞海洋造成的，故本題答案為選項［B］。

(4).Thailandismentionedinthetextto.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.revealtheimportanceofcoastalmangrove

B.serveasanexampleofthepowerofnature

C.showtheresultsofdamagingtheenvironmentJ

D.proveThailandisnotsuitableforbreedingshrimp

解析：解析：根據(jù)Thailand一詞定位到第四段。該段首句提到:Thailandprovidesavivid

exam.pie.而這段話是舉例說明上一段結(jié)尾提到的這個句子：Now,theconsequencesofthat

damagearestartingtobefeltonshore.故本段提到Thailand的目的是為了舉例說明破壞海洋在陸地

上產(chǎn)生的后果，與之最接近的選項是［C］showtheresultsofdamagingtheenvironment(證明破壞環(huán)境

的結(jié)果)。故該題答案為選項［C］。

(5).Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.afifthofpeopleintheworldgettheirproteinfromfish

B.FAOpredictsthatathirdofoceanresourcesareover-exploited

C.manypredatoryspeciesintheoceanhavedisappearedsince1950s

D.thenumberoffishhasfallengreatlybecauseofhumanexploitationJ

解析：解析：選項［A］對應(yīng)最后一段第二句:About3billionpeoplegetafifthoftheirprotein

fromfish…該句說的是About3billionpeople,而不是afifthofpeopleintheworld。故該項屬

于偷換概念，因此該項錯誤。選項［B］對應(yīng)中間一句：AccordingtotheFoodandAgriculture

Organiza—tion(FAO),athirdoffishstocksintheoceansareover-exploited…注意，原文說

的是a.thirdoffishstocks,而不是該項說的athirdofoceanresources,故該項也是偷換概念的錯

誤。選項［C］對應(yīng)該段倒數(shù)第二句：Onestudysuggestedthatstocksofbigpredatoryspecies一

suchastuna,swordfishandmadinmmayhavefallenbyasmuchas90%sincethe1950s.注意，

原文說的是fall—enbyasmuchas90%,而不是該項說的disappeared,故該項錯誤。選項［D］同樣對

應(yīng)倒數(shù)第二句。從中可以判斷，該項表述正確，故答案為選項［D］。

Kentuckyisfamousmainlyforfriedchicken,bourbonandhorse-racing.Fewpeoplethinkof

itasamanufacturingpowerhouse.Butthebluegrassstateisnotonlythethirdlargestcar

manufacturerinAmerica;thankstoitscentrallocation,ithasbecomeahugelogisticshub

andnowalsoranksthirdamongAmericanstatesinair-cargoshipments.Atthestaters

Louisvilleairport,UnitedParcelService's120-acresiteresemblesagiantSanta*sgrotto,

withparcelscontainingeverythingfromfoodtomedicinestocuddlytoysracingaround155

milesofconveyorbelts.Whenthefacilitywasopenedin1982,ithandled2,000packages

everynight;nowitdealswiththatnumberevery17seconds,mostlyautomatically.Seventy

aeroplanescanbeparkedoutsidethehub'sfivewings,andeachcanbeloadedorunloadedin

20minutes.Some250flightsdeparteveryday.Theairportisnomorethantwohours"flight

from75%ofAmerica'spopulationandfourhoursfrom95%ofit.ButonlyoneintenofUPS”s

packagesgobyair.Thestateiswithin600milesof60%ofthenation'spopulation,somost

ofthemtravelbyroad.TrucksfanoutnotjustfromUPS"sfacilitybutalsofromthatofa

rivaldeliverygroup,DHL,farthernorth.Beingabletoreceiveandsendgoodsquicklymakes

allthedifferencetoabusinesslikeGeekSquad,whichhasasiteof240,000squarefeet

justafewmilesfromLouisvi1le,employing1,350staff.Thecompanyhandlesal1the

repairsforBestBuy,anelectronicsretailer.Customershandintheirphonesandlaptopsat

theirlocalshop,fromwheretheyaretruckedtotheLouisvillefacility.Thefirstdelivery

arrivesat5amandthelasttruckleavesat11pm.Overhalftheproductsaresentbackto

thecustomersthenextday.NearbyCafePresshandlesonlineordersforawiderangeof

customisedgoods,fromT-shirtstomugstoweddinginvitations.OnCyberMonday,justafter

Thanksgiving,ithad100,000orderstofill.AswellasUPS,CafePressusesFederal

Express'shubinMemphis,Tennessee,sixhours"driveaway.Goodinternetconnectionsand

cheappowerarevitalforthecompany.Ithasabackupserveronsiteandenjoysthesixth-

1owestpowercostsinthecountry,accordingtotheKentuckyAssociationforEconomic

Development.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

（1）.KentuckyhastheadvantagesEXCEPT.（分?jǐn)?shù):2.00）

A.productionofvehicles

B.good-sizedlogisticcenter

C.aerialtransportationofgoods

D.friedchicken,horseraceandtobaccoV

解析：解析：根據(jù)Kentucky定位到第一段。選項［A］對應(yīng)第三句：Butthebluegrassstateisnotonly

thethirdlargestcarmanufacturerinAmerica…該句的bluegrassstate（牧草州，肯塔基州別名）

指的就是Kentucky,其中thethird-］argestcarmanufacturer對應(yīng)productionofvehicleso故該項

表述正確。選項［B］對應(yīng)“ithasbecomeahugelogisticshubn一句，其中hugelogistics

hub=good—sizedlogisticcenter,故該項表述正確。選項［C］對應(yīng)最后一句：,..nowalsoranks

thirdamongAmericanstatesinair-cargoshipments.其中，air—cargoshipments對應(yīng)aerial

transportationofgoods,故該項表述正確。選項［D］對應(yīng)首句：Kentuckyisfamousmainlyforfried

chicken,bourbonandhorse一racing.其中“bourbon波本威士忌”被替換成了"tobacco煙草”，該

項屬于偷換概念，故答案為選項［D］。

（2）.TheUnitedParcelService..（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.transportsvariouskindsofgoodsJ

B.canfinishapackagein17seconds

C.dealswith2,000packageseverynight

D.handlesalargenumberofparcelsbyhand

解析：解析：根據(jù)UnitedParcelService定位到第二段。選項［A］對應(yīng)第二行：withparcels

containingeverythingfromfoodtomedicinestocuddlytoys,由此判斷該項表述正確。選項［B］和

［C］對應(yīng)該段最后一句：Whenthefacilitywasopenedin1982,ithandled2,000packages

everynight；nowitdealswiththatnumberevery17seconds,mostlyautomatically.由止匕可見，

UnitedPar-celService每17秒可以完成2000個包裹，從而判斷這兩項都是錯誤的。選項［D］中

“handlesalargenumberofparcels”是正確的，而“byhand”與最后一句Mmostly

automaticallyw不符，故錯誤。綜上所述，答案為選項［A］。

(3).AccordingtoParagraphs3&4,whichoneistrue?(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.TheflightsofUPScancoverthreequartersofAmericaintwohours.

B.AbouttenpercentofAmericanspackagesuseaeroplanesastransport.

C.DHLisanotherexpresscompanyinAmerica,oneofUPS77scompetitors.J

D.Mostofthepackagestravelbyroadbecausethecompanyhasfewplanes.

解析：解析：選項［A］對應(yīng)第三段最后一句：Theairportisnomorethantwohours'flight

from75%ofAmerica'spopulationandfourhoursfrom95%ofit.原文說的是“UPS機場距離75%

的美國人口飛行時間只需兩小時”，而該項卻說“UPS飛機能夠在兩小時內(nèi)飛到美國四分之三的地方”，

顯然這里有一個偷換概念的錯誤。選項［B］對應(yīng)第四段首句：ButonlyoneintenofUPSyspackages

gobyair.原文的"UPS'spackagesw被替換成了"America'spackages",故也是偷換概念，該項

錯誤。選項［C］對應(yīng)第四段最后一句：Trucksfanout.notjustfromUPS'sfacilitybutalsofrom

thatofarivaldeliverygroup,DHL,farthernorth.其中，deliverygroup=expresscompa—ny；

rival=competitor。故該項正確。選項［D］對應(yīng)第四段第二句：Thestateiswithin600milesof60%

ofthenation*spopulation,somostofthemtravelbyroad.由此可見快遞走公路的原因是因為

距離近，而不是其他因素，故該項錯誤。綜上所述，答案為選項［C］。

(4).WecaninferfromParagraph5that.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.GeekSquadisuniquebecauseofitsspeedtodeliverproductsJ

B.BestBuyusesUPStodeliverproductstocustomersandGeekSquad

C.Almostal1theproductssenttoGeekSquadcanberepairedthenextday

D.BestBuyisanelectronicsretailerthatsellsandrepairselectronicdevices

解析：解析：選項［A］對應(yīng)第五段首句：Beingabletoreceiveandsendgoodsquicklymakesall

thedifferencetoabusinesslikeGeekSquad…其中beingabletoreceiveandsendgoods

quickly對應(yīng)speedtodeliverproducts；makesallthedifference對應(yīng)unique。故該項正確°選項

［B］文章沒有提到,屬于無中生有。選項［C］對應(yīng)最后一句,原文的"Overhalftheproducts與該項

wAlmostal1theproductsw表述不符，故錯誤。選項［D］的repairselectronicdevices”表述錯

誤，原文說的是“ThecompanyhandlesalltherepairsforBestBuy”,而thecompany指的是

GeekSquad,故該項錯誤。綜上所述，答案為選項［A］。

(5).Accordingtothetext,Caf6Press.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.isanonlinestorethatsellsclothes

B.usesFederalExpresstodeliveritsgoodsJ

C.enjoyslowlabourcostsbuthighpowercosts

D.receives100,000ordersfromcustomerseveryweek

解析：解析：根據(jù)CafePress定位到最后一段。選項［A］與第一句”…h(huán)andlesonlineordersfor

awiderangeofeustomisedgoods,fromT-shirtstomugstoweddinginvitations”不符。選項

［B］對應(yīng)第三句：AswellasUPS,CafePressusesFederalExpress*shubinMemphis,

Tennessee,sixhoursrdriveaway.由此判斷該項正確。選項［C］與倒數(shù)第二行“…enjoysthe

sixth—lowestpowercosts…”不符,故錯誤。選項［D］對應(yīng)該段第二句：OnCyberMonday,just

afterThanksgiving,ithad100,000orderstofill.其中的CyberMonday與everyweek不符，故

該項錯誤。綜上所述，本題答案為選項［B］。

Climatechangeissupposedtounfoldslowly,overdecades.Butthatisnottrueupinthe

greatwhitenorth,asthoseattendingtheAAASmeeting'ssessiononclimatechangeinthe

Arcticwerereminded.Temperaturesthereare2°Chigherthantheirlong-termaverage,and

theupperlayersofpartsoftheArcticOceanarehotterthantheyhavebeenforatleast

2,000years.Summerseaicehasbeenvanishingfasterthaneventhegloomiestresearchers

thoughtlikely,withsomenowpredictingthefirstcompletelyice-freesummerassoonasthe

2020s.TheArcticisnot,though,isolatedfromtherestoftheworld;rapidchangesthere

couldhaveknock-oneffectselsewhere.Whetherornotthatishappeningwasaquestion

addressedbyJenniferFrancis,anatmosphericscientistatRutgersUniversity.Itisa

topicalsubject.AlongwithmuchoftherestofAmerica,Chicagoenduredafierceand

prolongedcoldsnapinJanuary,inwhichtemperaturesfellto-27°C,thelowestsince1884.

Meanwhile,Britsattheconferencewerefleeingacountrythathadbeensoakedbythe

heaviestwinterrainsintwoandahalfcenturies,andbatteredbyaseeminglyendless

successionofAtlanticstormsandgales.Campaignersinbothcountrieshavebeenquickto

blameclimatechangefortherottenweather.Butthingsarerarelysostraightforwardin

climatology.ThebestDrFranciscouldofferwasatheoryastowhyawarmerArcticmightbe

expectedtoleadtowilderweatherinmid-latitudes,andsometentativebutsuggestive

evidencethatthisisalreadyhappening.Heridearestsonthejetstream,apowerful,

persistent,high-altitude“riverofair〃whichflowsaroundtheworldfromwesttoeast,

affectingtheweatherasitgoes.Thejetstreamisdriveninpartbythetemperature

differencebetweencoldArcticairandthewarmerairofmiddlelatitudes.Becausethe

Arcticiswarmingmorerapidlythantherestoftheplanet,thatdifferenceisshrinking.

Thisoughttoproducealesspotentjetstream.Andalesspotentjetstreamisamore

unpredictableone.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

（1）.Pessimisticresearchersforetellthat_____.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.climatechangewillslowlyshowupindecades

B.iceoftheArcticmaymeltinsummerverysoonV

C.theArctictemperaturehasbeenthehottestin2,000years

D.globaltemperaturesare20Chigherthanlong-termaverage

解析：解析：根據(jù)題干中的pessimisticresearchers定位到第一段最后一句。其中pessimistic

researchers對應(yīng)gloomiestresearchers；foretell對應(yīng)predicting,故答案來自predicting后面的

內(nèi)容。即thefirstcompletelyice-freesummerassoonasthe2020s,該句內(nèi)容對應(yīng)［B］iceof

theArctiemaymeltinsummerverysoon,因此答案為選項［B］。

（2）.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Climatechangeoftheoceanmayhaveimpactonthelandaswe11.J

B.Chicago'scoldtemperatureisunrelatedtothewarmingoftheArctic.

C.ThewholeAmericahasexperiencedthelowesttemperaturesince1884.

D.Britainhasbeensufferingfromtheheavieststormsandrainsinhistory.

解析：解析：選項［A］對應(yīng)第二段首句：TheArcticisnot,though,isolatedfromtherestof

theworld；rapidchangestherecouldhaveknock一oneffectselsewhere.大意為：然而，北冰洋并

不與世隔絕；那里的氣候快速變化對其他地方可能產(chǎn)生影響。故該項表述是正確的。選項［B］顯然與［A］表

述相反，故錯誤。選項［C］中的“ThewholeAmerica”錯誤,原文說的是“Alongwithmuchoftherest

ofAmerica,Chicago…"，thewhole顯然與原文不符合,故錯誤。選項［D］中的"inhistory”與原文

“intwoandahalfcenturies”不符，故錯誤。綜上所述，本題答案為選項［A］。

（3）.DrFrancissuggeststhat.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.climatechangecausesbadweatherinEngland

B.thingsareseldomstraightforwardinclimatology

C.humanbeingistoblameforthechangeofclimate

D.oceanwarmingmayresultinbadweatheronlandJ

解析：解析：根據(jù)DrFrancis定位到第三段最后一句：ThebestDrFranciscouldofferwasa

theoryastowhyawarmerArcticmightbeexpectedtoleadtowiIderweatherinmid一

latitudes,andsometentativebutsuggestiveevidencethatthisisalreadyhappening.題干中

的suggestthat對應(yīng)原文offeratheory這部分內(nèi)容，故答案來自之后：awarmerArcticmightbe

expectedtoleadtowilderweatherinmid—latitudes,而與該句最接近的是選項［D］oceanwarming

mayresultinbadweatheronland。故該題答案為選項［D］0

(4).Welearnfromthetextthatjetstream,.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.isariverathighaltitude

B.givesrisetoclimatechangeJ

C.causestemperaturedifference

D.istoblameforglobalwarming

解析：解析：根據(jù)jetstream定位到第四段。選項［A］“isariverathighaltitude是高海拔處的一

條河流”對應(yīng)第四段首句：Heridearestsonthejetstream,apowerful,persistent,high一

altitude“fiverofair”…原文說的是“高海拔氣流”,故判斷該項錯誤。選項［B］對應(yīng)原文首

句：...jetstream…affectingtheweatherasitgoes.可見jetstream影響了天氣，即改變了氣

候，故該項“givesrisetoclimatechange導(dǎo)致氣候變化”是正確的。選項［C］對應(yīng)該段第二句：The

jetstreamisdriveninpartbythetemperaturedifference…原文說的是udrivenbytemperature

differ—ence受到溫差的驅(qū)使”，而不是該項"causestemperaturedifference導(dǎo)致溫差”，故該項錯

誤。選項［D］文章未提到，故錯誤。綜上所述，本題答案為選項［B］。

(5).Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.ClimateChange:SlowinComing

B.JetStream:CauseofClimateChange

C.ClimateChange:QuickerThanWeThinkJ

D.GlobalWarming:MoreSeriousThanBefore

解析：解析：根據(jù)文章反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的climatechange,我們可以確定本文主題是“氣候變化”，而不是

“全球變暖”，故選項［D］可以先排除。選項［B］中的JetStream是最后一段提到的一個概念，該項可以

作為最后一段的主旨大意，但不是全文主旨。故答案在選項［A］和［C］間，這兩個答案顯然相反。第一段尾

句為：Summerseaicehasbeenvanishingfasterthaneventhegloomi—estresearchersthought

likely*withsomenowpredictingthefirstcompletelyice-freesummerassoonasthe

2020s.第四段第三句為：BecausetheArcticiswarmingmorerapidlythantherestof

theplanet,thatdifferenceisshrinking.其中的faster,assoonas,rapidly等詞都提示氣候變

化來得很快，故選項［C］為答案。

Themoreparentstalktotheirchildren,thefasterthosechildren'svocabulariesgrowand

thebettertheirintelligencedevelops.Thatmightseemblindinglyobvious,butittook

unti11995forsciencetoshowjusthowearlyinlifethedifferencebeginstomatter.In

thatyearBettyHartandToddRisleyoftheUniversityofKansaspublishedtheresultsofa

decade-longstudyinwhichtheyhadlookedathow,andhowmuch,42familiesinKansasCity

conversedathome.DrHartandDrRisleyfoundaclosecorrelationbetweenthenumberof

wordsachild'sparentshadspokentohimbythetimehewasthreeandhisacademicsuccess

attheageofnine.Atthree,chiIdrenbornintoprofessionalfami1ieshadheard30mmore

wordsthanthosefromapoorerbackground.Thisobservationhasprofoundimplicationsfor

policiesaboutbabiesandtheirparents.Itsuggeststhatsendingchildrento^pre-

school，z(nurseriesorkindergartens)attheageoffour-afavouredstepamongpolicymakers一

comestoolatetocompensateforeducationalshortcomingsathome.Happily,understandingof

howchildren'svocabulariesdevelopisgrowing,asseveralpresentationsatthisyear's

meetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience(AAAS)showed.Oneofthe

moststrikingrevelationscamefromAnneFernaldofStanfordUniversity,whohasfoundthat

thedisparitystartsatthetenderageof18months,whenmosttoddlersspeakonlyadozen

words,thosefromdisadvantagedfamiliesareseveralmonthsbehindother,morefavoured

children.Indeed,DrFernaldthinksthedifferentiationstartsatbirth.Shemeasureshow

quicklytoddlersprocess1anguagebysittingthemontheirmothers“l(fā)apsandshowingthem

twoimages;adogandaball,say.Arecordedvoicetellsthetoddlertolookattheball

whileacamerarecordshisreaction.ThisletsDrFernaldnotethemomentthechild'sgaze

beginsshiftingtowardsthecorrectimage.At18months,toddlersfrombetter-off

backgroundscanidentifythecorrectobjectin750milliseconds-200millisecondsfaster

thanthosefrompoorerfamilies.This,saysDrFernald,isahugedifference.(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)

(1).AccordingtoDrHartandDrRisley,___.(分?jǐn)?shù):2.00)

A.thethirdyearisthemostimportantinachild'slife

B.childrenfromrichfamilieswillbemoresuccessful

C.vocabularyhasnothingtodowithchildren'sacademicsuccess

D.parentswithhighereducationtendtotalkmoretotheirchildrenJ

解析：解析：根據(jù)DrHartandDrRisley定位到第一段中間部分。選項［A］和［B］文章均沒有提到，選項

［C］"hasnothingtodowith沒有關(guān)系”與該段倒數(shù)第二句中的“aclosecorrelation密切關(guān)系”相

悖，故錯誤。選項［D］對應(yīng)第一段結(jié)尾：Atthree,childrenbornintoprofessionalfamilieshad

heard30mmorewordsthanthosefromapoorerback