考研英語二（閱讀）試卷13

考研英語二（閱讀）-試卷13

（總分：60.00,做題時間：90分鐘）

一、ReadingComprehension（總題數(shù)：6,分?jǐn)?shù)：60.00）

1.SectionIIReadingComprehension（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

解析：

2.PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.（分?jǐn)?shù):10,00）

解析：

Almosteveryyearsincetheendofthefinancialcrisishasstartedwithrosyexpectations

amongAmericanforecasters,andthisoneisnodifferent.Stockmarketsarebuoyant,

consumerconfidenceisimproving,andeconomicseersareraisingtheirgrowthforecastsfor

2014.America'sS&P500shareindexisatarecordhigh,afterrising30%in2013—the

biggestannualgaininalmosttwodecades.PoweredbyAmerica,globalgrowthofcloseto

4%,onapurchasing-power-paritybasis,seemspossible.Thatwouldbenearlyafull

percentagepointfasterthan2013,andthebestshowingforseveralyears.Yetamidthenew-

yearcheer,itisworthrememberingthatalmosteveryyearsincethefinancialcrisisupbeat

expectationshavebeendisappointed.Thebiggestclangerthistimeroundistheoptimism

itself.Allaroundtherichworld,thingsarelookingbetter.Britain，zsrecoveryis

gatheringpace.Japan'seconomyseemsstrongenoughtocopewiththeimminentriseinits

consumptiontax.EvenEurope'sprospectsarelessdismal.ButAmericaisdrivingthis

recovery.Americansgrowthrestsonstrongfoundations.First,house-holdandcorporate

balance-sheetsareingoodshape.UnlikeEuropeans,whohavebarelyreducedtheirprivate

debt,Americanshaveputthehangoverfromthefinancialcrisisbehindthem.Therevivalin

housepricesistestamenttothat.Second,thankstocheapenergy,yearsofwagerestraint

andarelativelyweakdollar,Americaiscompetitive.Thesetwofactorshavecombinedto

producefasterjobgrowthwhich,alongwithhighershareprices,suggestsstrongerconsumer

spendingandhigherinvestmentahead.Finally,thefiscalsqueezeisabating.In2013the

federalgovernmenttook1.75%ofGDPoutoftheeconomywithtaxrisesandspendingcuts.

Therecentlyagreedbudgetdealwillhelpcutthefiscalsqueezeto0.5%ofGDPthisyear.

AllthesefactorscouldboostAmerica'sgrowthtoaround3%in2014,wellaboveitstrend

rate.MorespendingbyAmericanfirmsandhouseholdswill,inturn,buoydemandforgoods

andservicesfromeverywherefromChinatoGermany.America'sappetiteforforeignwaresis

notwhatitoncewas,butitseconomyissobigthatfasterspendingwillpushupexports

aroundtheglobe.Theresultingsupportforgrowthwill,inturn,improvedomestic

confidencefromEuropetoJapan.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

（1）.Theunderlinedword"seers”（Para1,Line3）mostprobablymeans.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.stockmarkets

B.consumers

C.forecastersV

D.expectations

解析：解析：該詞所在句為：economicseersareraisingtheirgrowthforecastsfor2014.（經(jīng)濟

——提高了2014年的增長預(yù)測。）首先我們可以從句子背景猜測出seers一詞應(yīng)該表示“人”，故可以排

除［A］和［D］兩項。剩余［B］“消費者”和［C］“預(yù)測家”,顯然能與句子相融合的是選項［C］“預(yù)測家”。

（2）.UsuallypredictorsinAmericathinkthataftereconomiccrisis,.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.theprospectsmayseemhopefulV

B.consumerswillsoonbecomeconfidentagain

C.theeconomywillsoonbecomebetterthanitoncewas

D.itmaytakealongtimefortheeconomytorecoveritself

解析：解析：題干中predictorsinAmerica相當(dāng)于第一段第一句的Americanforecasters；usually相

當(dāng)于almosteveryyear：aftereconomiccrisis相當(dāng)于sincetheendofthefinancialcrisiso

故可以確定該題對應(yīng)首段首句。該句為：Almosteveryyearsincetheendofthefinancialcrisis

hasstartedwithrosyexpectationsamongAmericanforecasters,andthisoneisno

different.（幾乎每次經(jīng)濟危機之后的第一年，美國預(yù)測家便開始樂觀的預(yù)期，這一次也是如此。）其中

最有困擾性的是rosy一詞，其意思為“玫瑰般的，美好的，樂觀的”，因此可以判斷選項［A］為答案。其

中hopeful=rosy；prospects=expectations。其余各項均與首段首句的關(guān)鍵詞rosyexpectations無

關(guān)。

（3）.Thebiggestthreatofthiseconomiccrisisisthat_____.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.financialcrisisisdisappointing

B.manypeoplehavelosttheirjobs

C.economicrecoveryisslowinprogress

D.people,sexpectationsaretoooptimiSticJ

解析：解析：根據(jù)題干thebiggestthreatofthiseconomiccrisis我們可以定位到第二段末句：

Thebiggestdangerthistimeroundistheoptimismitself.其中，thebiggestthreat=the

biggestdangero故答案就是原文中提到的"optimismitself樂觀本身”。四個選項中只有［D］提到

optimistic一詞，故為答案。選項［A］具有一定干擾性。第二段第一句提到：almosteveryyearsince

thefi一nancialcrisisupbeatexpectationshavebeendisappointed.（幾乎每一次經(jīng)濟危機之后,

樂觀的預(yù)期結(jié)果總是令人失望。）原文說的是“預(yù)期令人失望”，而不是選項［A］說的“經(jīng)濟危機令人失

望”，該項是很明顯的“偷換概念”。

（4）.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichoneisNOTtrue?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.EconomyinBritainisbecomingbetter.

B.EconomyinEuropeisnotpromisingatall.J

C.Americaneconomyisonthewaytorecovery.

D.Japancantackletheproblemofconsumptiontax.

解析：解析：這種提問方式我們只能將四個選項逐一和原文進行比對。選項［A］EconomyinBritainis

becomingbetter相當(dāng)于原文第三段第二句Britain'srecoveryisgatheringpace。故選項［A］是正確

的，與題干所間的NOTtrue不符，故不是答案。選項［B］EconomyinEuropeisnotpromisingatall

對應(yīng)原文：EvenEurope*sprospectsarelessdismal.其中notpromisingatal1是否定表達，而

原文的less+dismal是雙重否定表肯定，其中dismal表示“凄涼的，低落的”。故這兩個表達是不吻合

的，該項表述錯誤，即為答案。選項［C］Americaneconomyisonthewaytorecovery意為：美國經(jīng)濟

正在復(fù)蘇的路上。該項與該段最后一句ButAmericaisdrivingthisrecovei'y（美國很好地控制著經(jīng)濟

復(fù)蘇）兩個表達是吻合的，故該項也是正確的表述，即不是答案。選項［D］Japancantackletheproblem

ofconsumptiontax與原文Japan'seconomyseemsstrongenoughtocopewiththeimminentrise

initsconsumptiontax也是相符的。綜上所述，選項［B］是答案。

（5）.Al1thefactorscanfaci1itateAmericansgrowthEXCEPTthat.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.Americahasreduceditsfinancialrestraint

B.balancesheetsoffamiliesandfirmsareingoodcondition

C.Americahasinexpensiveenergysupplyandcompetitivecurrency

D.federalgovernmenthascutcostsbyincreasingtaxandcuttingspendingJ

解析:解析：題干AHthesefactorscanfaci1itateAmerica'sgrowth（所有這些因素可促進美國經(jīng)

濟增長）相當(dāng)于第四段最后一句allthesefactorscouldboostAmerica'sgrowtho其中facilitate

相當(dāng)于boost。而該段的thesefactors肯定指代上文提到的內(nèi)容，故答案應(yīng)該從這一句的前面找。而在

該段可以明顯地看到first,second,finally等詞，故可以判斷出現(xiàn)了三個因素。原文的First,

house-holdandcorporatebalance—sheetsareingoodshape與選項［B］balancesheetsof

familiesandfirmsareingoodcondition相對應(yīng)。其中house——holdandcorporatebalance——

sheets相當(dāng)于balancesheetsoffamiliesandfirms；ingoodshape相當(dāng)于ingoodcondition。原

文Second,thankstocheapenergy,yearsofwagerestraintandarelativelyweakdollar,

Americaiscompetitive對應(yīng)選項[C]Americahasinexpensiveenergysupplyandcompetitive

currencyo其中cheapenergy相當(dāng)于inexpensiveen—ergysupply；relativelyweak

dollar,…competitive相當(dāng)于competitivecurrency（有競爭力的貨幣）。原文Finally,thefiscal

squeezeisabating相當(dāng)于選項[A]Americahasreduceditsfinancialrestraint：其中，fiscal

squeeze（財政壓縮）=financialrestraint（財務(wù)限制），abating（減少）=reduced（減少）。故未提及的是

[D],即[D]為答案。該項中只有一個詞是與原文不符的，即cutcosts減少開支，這與下文提到的cut

thefiscalsqueeze減少財政壓縮（即增加財政支出）明顯是相反的，故確定選項[D]為答案。

Thenewaircraftrepresentsa$250mbetbyBombardierthatMexicocouldprovidenotjust

routinelabourbutmanufacturingthatdependedonhigh-techmaterials.Itplacedthebet,

accordingtoMichaelMcAdoo,headofglobalstrategy,becauseitwasseeingoldEuropean

rivalsgobustandnewonesemerginginlow-costcountriessuchasChinaandIndia.Workers

inWichitaandMontrealcomplained.ButMrMcAdoosaystheycametorealisethatif

outsourcingsomemanufacturingtoMexicoensuredBombardier'sfuture,itwouldsafeguard

theirownjobsforyearstocome.Asharedconcernwithemploymentisoneofthereasons

thatpoliticiansarestartingtopaymoreattentiontoNAFTA（NorthAmericanFreeTrade

Agreement）,whichinrecentyearshasbeenfailingtoliveuptoitsearlypromise.

Rebootingtheagreementtopstheagendaatthemeetingoftheleadersofthethreecountries

scheduledtotakeplaceinMexicothisFebruary."There'sajointwillingnessamongall

threecountriestorelaunchtheideaofNorthAmerica,notjustintermsofmanufacturing,

butininnovationanddesign,“saysSergioAlcocer,under-secretaryforNorthAmericain

Mexico'sforeignministry.InMay2013BarackObama-whoin2007,onthecampaigntrail,

calledNAFTAa“mistake”—trumpetedcross-bordertradeonavisittoMexico,notingthat

theUnitedStatesexportsmoretoMexicothantotheBRICcountries—Brazi1,Russia,India

andChina—combined.OnavisitinSeptemberhisvice-president,JoeBiden,dweltonNAFTA”s

untappedpotential.Thetradeagreementwasbeginningtolookoutofdate.Thereneededto

befreermovementof“goods,peopleandinformation//acrosstheborders,despitesecurity

worries.Moresharedinfrastructureinvestmentwasnecessary.Heacknowledgedthat

politicianshadheldupsuchimprovements:"Makeusdoit,“heurgedbusinesspeopleand

thepublic.IntheUnitedStates,thepotentialofcloserintegrationhasbeenoutweighed-

atleastintheeyesofpoliticians一bythefearofjoblosses,aswel1asi1legaldrugs,

crimeandimmigrationfromMexico.Canada,however,longagostartedseeingMexicoasa

rivalinitsrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates,ratherthanapartner.Mexico,inwhich

almosthalfofthepopulationlivesinpoverty,muchthesamelevelas20yearsago,has

mixedfeelings.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）

（1）.Theunderlinedword"safeguard”（Para1,Line6）mostprobablymeans.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.prevent

B.protectJ

C.hinder

D.convince

解析：解析：詞義題的答案一般來自上下文，需要在上文或者下文中尋找相同詞性的近義詞，與

safeguard位理上最接近的一個動詞是上文ensuredBombardier'sfuture中的“ensure確保，保證，使

安全”，故可以確定safeguard與其意思接近。而四個選項中,[A]prevent"阻止"與[C]hinder”阻

礙”互為同義詞，可以先排除。剩余兩個選項中，與ensure或safeguard接近的是[B]protect,故為答

案。

（2）.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichoneistrueaboutNAFTA?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.PoliticiansalwayspaymuchattentiontoNAFTA.

B.NAFTAhasreacheditsoriginalanticipationinrecentyears.

C.OneaimthatpoliticiansstressNAFTAistoboostemployment.J

D.AllcountriesexceptMexicowishtoreboottheideaofNorthAmerica.

解析：解析：選項［A］對應(yīng)原文第二段第一句politiciansarestartingtopaymoreattentionto

NAF一TA,其中選項中的always與原文的arestartinglo明顯不符，故該項錯誤。選項［B］對應(yīng)原文

的???NAFTA,whichinrecentyearshasbeenfailingtoliveuptoitsearlypromise.其中

“failingtoliveupto沒有做到”與該項的“hasreached已經(jīng)達到”相悖，故錯誤。選項［C］對應(yīng)A

sharedconcernwithemploymentisoneofthereasonsthatpoliticiansarestartingtopay

moreattentiontoNAFTA（政客開始注重NAFFA,原因之一是因為他們共同關(guān)注就業(yè)問題）。這與［C］項

“政客重視NAFTA的目的之一在于促進就業(yè)”的表述一致，故該項為答案。［D］選項對應(yīng)第二段最后一

句，其中allcountriesexceptMexico是原文未提到的，故該項錯誤。

（3）.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichoneisNOTtrue?（分?jǐn)?shù):2.00）

A.AmericaexportsmoretoMexicothantoChina.

B.Theremaybesecurityconcernsacrosstheborders.

C.AmericangovernmentnowvaluesmuchonthetradewithMexico.

D.Statesmenhavegreatlyimprovedconstructionsacrosstheborders.J

解析：解析：選項［A］對應(yīng)第三段第二行：theUnitedStatesexportsmoretoMexicothanto

theBRICcountriesBrazil,Russia,IndiaandChinacombined.根據(jù)這句話我們知道該項是正確的,

非題干所問的NOTtrue對應(yīng)的答案。選項［B］對應(yīng)Thereneededtobefreermovementof"goods,

peopleandinformation“acrosstheborders,despitesecurityworries一句。其中

despitesecurityworries意為“盡管存在安全問題”，說明該項表述也是正確的，故不是答案。選項

［C］對應(yīng)該段首句：InMay2013BarackObama—whoin2007,onthecampaigntraiI,calledNAFTA

a"mistake“一trumpetedcross-bordertradeonavisittoMexico.（2013年5月，巴拉克?奧巴

馬在訪問墨西哥時倡導(dǎo)跨國貿(mào)易。而在2007年競選游說過程中，他稱北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定是一個“錯

誤”。）通過這句話我們知道該項說“美國政府如今更重視與墨西哥的貿(mào)易”是正確的。選項［D］對應(yīng)最后

一句：Heacknowledgedthatpoliticianshadheldupsuchimprovements.其中“heldup阻礙”與

該項的“greallyimproved大大促進”完全相反，故該項是錯誤的。

（4）.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.CanadaseesMexicoandUnitedStatesasitscompetitors

B.NAFTAbringsonlybenefitstoallthreeNorthAmericancountries

C.AmericanpoliticianshaveanticipatedconcernsaftercloserintegrationJ

D.MexicansfeeloptimisticabouttheirfuturewhentheyintegratewiththeU.S

解析：解析：選項［A］對應(yīng)第四段第三行：Canada,however,longagostartedseeingMexicoasa

ri一valinitsrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates,ratherthanapartner.可見加拿大是把墨

西哥看作了對手，而不是該項說的把墨西哥和美國當(dāng)作競爭對手。該項中MexicoandUnitedStates一

處與原文不符，故錯誤。選項［B］對應(yīng)第一句，盡管第四段未提到NAFTA一詞，但我們知道該段提到的美

國、加拿大和墨西哥都是北美國家，而該項說NAFTA為北美三個國家?guī)淼闹挥泻锰?，這與該句提到的

thefearofjoblosses,illegaldrugs,crimeandimmigrationfromMexico完全相悖，故該項錯

誤。選項［C］同樣對應(yīng)第一句，意思為：美國政治家預(yù)測到了北美國家緊密結(jié)合后可能出現(xiàn)的問題，這與

原文提到的fearofjoblosses等內(nèi)容相符合，故該項正確。選項［D］對應(yīng)最后?句：Mexico,inwhich

almosthalfofthepopulationlivesinpoverty,muchthesamelevelas20yearsago,has

mixedfeelings.其中“mixedfeelings復(fù)雜的情感”與該項的feeloptimistic不符合，故該項錯

誤。

（5）.Thetextmainlydiscussesabout.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.rebootingofNAFTAanditsconcernsV

B.employmentinNorthAmericancountries

C.contributionsofNorthAmericancountries

D.relationshipamongNorthAmericancountries

解析：解析：文章第一段通過討論墨西哥的勞動力引出北美國家就業(yè)問題，引出第二段首句的NAFTA,第

二句的rebootingtheagreement等關(guān)鍵信息，文章后面三段討論的都是關(guān)于重新后動NAFTA以及可能面

對的問題。其中第二段的sharedconcern,第三段的mistake,securityworries,第四段的byfear

of等信息都體現(xiàn)了問題的存在，故［A］選項最能體現(xiàn)文章大意。

ItisafactuniversallyacceptedthatBritonsdislikeimmigration.Sureenough,whentravel

restrictionsonRomaniansandBulgarians(imposedwhentheircountriesjoinedtheEU)were

liftedonJanuary1st,newspapersandpoliticiansfretted.TwoMPseventookitupon

themselvestomeetamorningflightfromBucharestandquizitspassengers.Yetareport

publishedonJanuary2ndbyIp-sosMORI,apollingfirm,showsattitudestobemorevaried.

Awideninggapdividesthosebornbefore1965fromyoungerfolk.Althoughimmigrantsare

oftensaidtodepriveyoungerBritonsofentry-leveljobsandhousing,membersofGeneration

Y(bornin1980orlater)andGenerationX(bornbetween1966and1979)areambivalenttowards

them.Bycontrast,thebabyboomers(bornbetween1945and1965)andtheold,whobenefitmost

fromcheapcarersandcleaners,counterintuitivelythinkimmigrantsadrag.Ageinfluences

opinionmorestronglythansocialclassdoes.ThismakesBritainanoddity.IpsosMORI

conductedthesamestudyinGermany,andfoundtheviewsoftheyoungandtheoldtobe

converging.AccordingtoRobertFordoftheUniversityofManchester,thegapbetweenthe

oldandtheyoungislargerinBritainthaninAmerica,FranceorSpain,too.Differentlife

experiencesexplainwhy.Whenbabyboomerswereintheirpoliticallyformativeteensand

early20s,Britainwasaprettyhomogeneousplace;beforethemid-1970sitwasclosertothe

CommonwealththantocontinentalEurope.Thatgenerationgrewupdoubtfulaboutdiversity.

EastEuropeanimmigrants,whobeganarrivinginlargenumbersinthemid-2000s,doubly

offendthem.BobbyDuffyofIpsosMORI,whohasconductedfocusgroupswithmembersofthis

generation,reportsthattheprospectofretirementmakespeopleworryabouttheir

children'schances.ForGenerationX,massimmigration,Europeanintegrationand

multiculturalismarepartofthefurniture.TheygrewupinamoreindividualisticBritain;

which,saysMrFord,explainstheirrelativedistasteforauthority,homogeneityandflag-

waving.This,likeuniversityattendance(morecommonamongthisgroupthantheirparents),

tendstomakepeoplemoretolerantofdifferentracesandnationalities.ThusGenerationX”s

experiencesareclosertothoseofGenerationYthantothebabyboomers-afactreflected

inIpsosMORI*sfindings.(分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00)

(1).WecaninferfromParagraph1that.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.theU.K.hasstricttravelrestrictionsV

B.al1Britonssupporttravelrestrictions

C.mostpeop1e1iketravel1ingtoBritain

D.mostdevelopedcountriesdislikeimmigration

解析：解析：根據(jù)第一段第二句：Sureenough,whentravelrestrictionsonRomaniansand

Bulgarians…我們知道選項［A］的表述是正確的。選項［B］文章中未提及，只是在首句提到：

Britonsdislikeimmigration.(英國人不喜歡移民。)并沒有提到英國人是否支持旅游限制，故該項錯

誤。選項［C］和［D］無中生有。故答案為選項［A］。

(2).Whichgenerationseemstodislikeimmigrantsmost?(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.Theyoungergeneration.

B.GenerationY.

C.GenerationX.

D.Babyboomers.J

解析：解析：根據(jù)generation,immigrants等關(guān)鍵詞以及出題順序可以定位到第二段。該段第二句提

至I］：AlthoughimmigrantsareoftensaidtodepriveyoungerBritonsofentry-leveljobsand

hous—ing…，雖提及youngerBritons(即［A］項的youngergeneration),但并未提到他們對移民的看

法，故選項［A］不是正確答案。而后半句說：membersofGenerationY(bornin1980or

later)andGenerationX(bornbetween1966and1979)areambivalenttowardsthem.通過這句話我們

知道Y--代和X-代對于移民的態(tài)度是“ambivalent矛盾的“，也非題目間的dislikemost,故非答

案。該段倒數(shù)第二句提到：Bycontrast,thebabyboomers(bornbetween1945and1965)and

theold,whobenefitmostfromcheapcarersandcleaners,counterintuitivelythinkimmigrants

adrag.從中可以得知嬰兒潮這代人認(rèn)為移民是“drag累贅”，故這個群體是所有人中最不喜歡移民的

人,從而得出該題答案為選項［D］。

(3).RobertFordfoundthat_.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.theviewsoftheyoungandtheoldareconverginginGermany

B.generationgapislargerintheUK,comparedwithmanyothersV

C.Britainseemstobeuniquebecausepeoplehavedifferentviews

D.thegapbetweentheoldandtheyounginGermanyislargerthaninBritain

解析：解析：根據(jù)題干中的RobertFord定位到第三段第二行的AccordingtoRobertFord一處，故答

案來自之后的一句話，即該段最后一句：thegapbetweentheoldandtheyoungislarger

inBritainthaninAmerica,FranceorSpain,too.根據(jù)該句可以判斷出選項［B］與之是同義替換關(guān)

系，其余選項都非該題目所問答案。

(4).WhichoneisNOTtrueaboutbabyboomers?(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.Theyaredubiousaboutdiversity.

B.TheyhateimmigrantsfromEasternEurope.

C.Theyworryabouttheirownprospectwhentheyretire.V

D.Theyareconcernedabouttheirchildren'sopportunities.

解析：解析：根據(jù)babyboomers和出題順序定位到第四段，該段圍繞嬰兒潮這一代人進行討論。選項［A］

與該段第三句Thatgenerationgrewupdoubtfulaboutdiversity對應(yīng)。其中Ihatgeneralion指代

上文提到的babyboomers,doubtful對應(yīng)該項的dubious,故選項［A］表述正確,非答案。選項［B］對應(yīng)

該段uEastEuropeanimmigrants,whobeganarrivinginlargenumbersinthemid2000s,doubly

offendthem”這句話。其中doublyoffendthem(加倍冒犯了他們)相當(dāng)于該項的hate,故該項表述正

確，非答案。選項［C］和［D］對應(yīng)該段最后一句I...reportsthattheprospectofretirementmakes

peopleworryabouttheirchildren'schances.可見babyboomers擔(dān)心的是自己子孫的問題，而非

自身問題，故［D］正確，［C］錯誤，即［C］項為該題的答案。

(5).GenerationXseemstobemoretolerantofdifferentracesandnationalities

because.(分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00)

A.theygrewupinanenvironmentthatfocusedmoreonindividualsJ

B.theybarelyreceivehighereducationthantheirparents

C.theyaremoreopen-mindedthantheirparents

D.theydon'tcareaboutflagandnationality

解析：解析：根據(jù)題干中的GenerationX定位到最后--段。根據(jù)題干中的其余關(guān)鍵詞differentraces

andnationalities我們可以定位到該段的倒數(shù)第二句:This…tendstomakepeoplemoretolerant

ofdifferentracesandnationalities.由此可以知道答案就是This所指代的內(nèi)容，而該內(nèi)容必然在

This之前。因此我們應(yīng)該從前面尋找答案。This前面是這句話：Theygrewupina

moreindividualisticBritain；which,saysMrFord,explainstheirrelativedistastefor

authority,homoge一neityandflag一waving.其中能表示該題所問的原因的部分，是theygrewup

inamoreindividualisticBritain一句。而該句同義轉(zhuǎn)換的表達，即選項［A］。

Ofallthegoodsandservicestradedinthemarketeconomy,pharmaceuticalsareperhapsthe

mostcontentious.Thoughproducedbyprivatecompanies,theyconstituteapublicgood,both

becausetheycanpreventepidemicsandbecausehealthypeoplefunctionbetterasmembersof

societythansickonesdo.Theycarryamoralweightthatmostprivatelytradedgoodsdo

not,forthereisawidespreadbeliefthatpeoplehavearighttohealthcare.Innovation

accountsformostofthecostofproduction,sothepriceofdrugsismuchhigherthantheir

costofmanufacture,makingthemunaffordabletomanypoorpeople.Firmsprotectthe

intellectualproperty(IP)thatdrugsrepresentandsuethosewhotrytomanufactureandsell

patenteddrugscheaply.Foral1thesereasons,pharmaceuticalcompaniesarewidelyregarded

asvampireswhoexploitthesickandignorethesufferingsofthepoor.Thesecriticisms

reachedasummitmorethanadecadeagoatthepeakoftheHIVplague.WhenSouthAfrica's

governmentsoughttolegalisetheimportofcheapgenericcopiesofpatentedAIDSdrugs,

pharmaceuticalcompaniestookittocourt.Thecaseearnedthenickname“BigPharmav

NelsonMandela”.Itwasalowpointfortheindustry,whichwiselybackeddown.Now

argumentsoverdrugspricingarerisingagain.Activistsaresuingtoblockthepatentingin

IndiaofanewHepatitisCdrugthathasjustbeenapprovedbyAmericanregulators.Other

clashesarebreakingout,incountriesfromBraziltoBritain.Butthemainbattlefieldis

theTrans-PacificPartnership（TPP）,aproposedtradedealbetweencountriesinAsiaandthe

Americas.Thepartieshaveyettoreachanagreement,partlybecauseofthedrug-pricing

question.UndertheTradeRelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights,adealsignedin

1994,governmentscanallowagenericdrugmakertoproduceapatentedmedicine.America一

homeofmostoftheworld^sbigpharma,whoseconsumerspaytheworld^shighestpricesfor

drugs—wantstousetheTPPtorestrictsuchcompulsorylicencestoinfectiousdiseases,

whileemerging-marketcountrieswanttomakeitharderfordrugfirmstowinpatents.The

reoccurrenceofconflictoverdrugpricingistheresultnotofasuddenemergency,butof

broad,long-termchanges.Richcountrieswanttoslashhealthcosts.Inemergingmarkets,

peoplearelivinglongerandgettingrich-countrydiseases.Thisisboostingdemandfor

drugsforcancer,diabetesandotherchronicdiseases.Inemergingmarkets,governmentswant

toexpandaccesstotreatment,butdrugsalreadyaccountforalargeshareofhealth-care

spending.Meanwhile,awaveofinnovationisproducingexpensivenewtreatments.（分?jǐn)?shù)：

10.00）

（1）.Pharmaceuticalsareimportantbecause.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.theycarryamoralweight

B.theycanpreventandcurediseasesV

C.theycanreflectacountry'seconomy

D.theywillmakesocietyfunctionbetter

解析:解析：根據(jù)pharmaceuticals一詞定位到第一段。該段首句提到:pharmaceuticalsareper—

hapsthemostcontentious.（藥品也許是最受爭議的。）顯然這與該題題干中important一詞不符，而

我們從后面會找到這么一句：theyconstituteapublicgood.其中they指代上文中的phar一

maceuticals,“publicgood公共利益”與題干中的“important重要的”比較接近，故該題答案來自之

后的一句becausetheycanpreventepidemics,其中Ihey指代pharmaceuticals,epidemics=dis-

eases,故我們確定［B］項為答案。選項［A］雖然在原文中有提到，但答非所問。選項［C］在該段原文中未提

到，屬于無中生有。而選項［［）］意為：藥品使社會更好地運行,原文說healthypeoplefunctionbetter

asmembersofsociety（健康人作為社會一員能更好行使其職能），可見兩者表達并不一致，故選項［D］錯

誤。

（2）.Thepriceofdrugsishighmainlybecause.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.00）

A.thecostofmanufacture