2025年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題08 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（練習(xí)）（原卷版）

專題08非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

目錄

01模擬基礎(chǔ)練（單句語(yǔ)法填空）

【題型】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)綜合練（最新模擬）

02重難創(chuàng)新練（語(yǔ)法填空）

03真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練

題型非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)綜合練

1.（2025·云南省保山市高三上學(xué)期摸底）TheChina-LaosRailwayhadregisteredmorethan30millionpassenger

tripsandover34millionmetrictonsofcargo(貨物)bylastTuesday,(facilitate)peopleandcargo

movementsfrombothcountries.

2.（2025·云南省保山市高三摸底）Andmoretrainservicesarebeingoperatedalongtheline37(meet)

passengers’needs.

3.（2025·云南省保山市高三摸底）IntheLaotiansection,theaveragenumberofpassengertrains39

(operate)bytherelatedcorporationeverydayhasincreasedto12fromfour.

4.（2025·浙江Z20名校聯(lián)盟高三第一次聯(lián)考）Thispracticehasproventobebeneficialintermsofensuringthe

growthoftheindustrysofar,58(evidence)bythesuccessfulcooperationbetweenDreamWorksand

RelianceEntertainmentinIndia.

5（.2025·湖北省騰云聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期8月聯(lián)考）40（adopt）Chinesetechnicalstandards,theChina-Laos

RailwayisChina’sfirst-internationalrailwayprojectprimarilyfundedandbuiltbyChinesecompaniesand

connectedtoChina’srailwaynetwork.

6.（2025·湖北省騰云聯(lián)盟高三聯(lián)考）AdoptingChinesetechnicalstandards,theChina-LaosRailwayisChina’s

first-internationalrailwayprojectprimarilyfundedandbuiltbyChinesecompaniesand42（connect）to

China’srailwaynetwork.

7.（2025·安徽省安慶市第一中學(xué)高三模擬）TheypointtodragonsintheWestbeingusuallythoughtofasevil

creatures.Dragons,theysay,aretypicallyseenassymbolsofchaos,3(describe)asenemiesinWestern

mythologyandliterature.

8（.2025·遼寧省名校聯(lián)盟（東北三省三校）高三聯(lián)考）ComparedwithChinesefestivals,whichoftencenteraround

familyreunion(團(tuán)聚)andrespectingancestors,westernfestivalstendtoemphasizecelebration,2(reflect)

amoreindividualisticculture.

9.（2025·安徽省皖豫名校聯(lián)盟高三十月聯(lián)考）“Ihadpreparedforthisconcertfornearlyayear.Iamveryproud

andexcited____60____(display)thetraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentinCubaandcommunicatewithlocal

musicians,”saidHu,whowentthroughajourneyofover50hoursfromShanghaitoHavana.

10.（2025·廣東省佛山市H7聯(lián)盟高三摸底聯(lián)考）Theinstrumentisalsoincludedintotheeducationalsystem,

whereitistaughtinschoolsaspartoftheefforts40(preserve)culturalheritageandpromotetraditional

musiceducation,passingdownbothmusicaltechniquesandculturalvaluesfromonegenerationtothenext.

11（.2025·廣東省佛山市H7聯(lián)盟高三摸底聯(lián)考）Astheworlddevelops,ancienttraditionsgivewaytomodernity,

butthemorinkhuurisalastingreminderofthesustainedspiritandrichculturaltreasuresofethnicMongolians.Its

melodiesecho(回響)throughtime,44(carry)withthemthestories,dreams,andmiraclesofapeople

deeplyconnectedtotheirland,theirhorses,andeachother.

12.（2025·江蘇省海門中學(xué)高三第一次調(diào)研）TheopeningceremonyoftheTangXianzuTheaterFestivaland

InternationalTheaterExchangeMonth—aseriesofprogramstohonorTangXianzuand56(strength)

internationalculturalexchanges—washeldintherenowned(著名的)Chineseplaywright’sbirthplaceofFuzhou,

JiangxiProvince,onSept.28.

13（.2025·江蘇省海門中學(xué)高三第一次調(diào)研）FifteenperformingartsgroupsfromChina,theU.K.,theU.S.,Spain,

France,andSouthKoreaperformedattheopeningceremony,58(stage)masterpiecessuchasTang

Xianzu’s“ThePeonyPavilion,”Shakespeare’s“RomeoandJuliet”andSpanishopera“Carmen.”

14.（2025·江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體期中）57(name)aftertheancientnameforXi’aninShaanxi

Province,whichservedasthecapitaloftheTangDynastyforover280years,themoviebringstolifesomeofthe

mosticonicfiguresinChineseliteraryhistory.

15.（2025·江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體期中）Asthemoviehasalsobeenscheduled65(release)

overseas,directorZouJingexpressedhishopeofattractingmoreforeignaudiences.

16（.2025·遼寧省普通高中高三期中）EastChina’sShandongprovince,wheretheYellowRiverflowsintothesea,

ispromotingthedeepintegrationofcultureandtourism.Sofar,Shandonghaslaunchedmanyculturaltourism

projects,makinggreatprogressindiggingintothecultureandvalueoftheYellowRiver57(boost)the

high-qualitydevelopmentoftheregion.

17.（2025·遼寧省普通高中高三期中）65(root)inDongying,theoperahasbecomeextremelypopular

amongtourists.

18（.2025·廣東省茂名市區(qū)域高三聯(lián)考）Zhuang-stylezongzifortheDragonBoatFestivalisatraditionaldishwith

deepculturalsignificance.43(wrap)inbambooleaves,therice-basedfoodisoftenfilledwith

ingredientsmainlyincludinggreenbeansandpork.ItismadetohonortheancientChinesepoetQuYuan.Thisdish

symbolizesrespectforculturalheritageandtheimportanceoffamilyunity.

19.（2025·廣東省茂名市區(qū)域高三聯(lián)考）Inconclusion,theZhuangpeople’straditionalcultureinGuangxiisa

vibranttapestry(織錦)ofpracticesthataim44(promote)ahealthyandpositivelifestyle.

20.（2025·河南省部分學(xué)校高三大聯(lián)考）Moutailiquorislikeabookofhistory,42(document)every

majorhistoricalmomentofourcountry.Moutaiexpressessomethingmore—heritage,culture,honor,andrespect.

21.（2025·河南省部分學(xué)校高三大聯(lián)考）Lately,attemptshavebeenmade44(drive)thepricedowntoa

moreaffordablelevel,openingituptoChina’smarketofmiddle-classworkersandurbantrendsetters.

22.（2025·江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué)高三月考）NianGao,literallytranslatingto“yearcake”,isthought37

(originate)inancientChina.

23.（2025·江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)高三月考）HubrushesareproducedinHuzhou,Zhejiangprovince.

37(make)ofthehairofgoatsorwolves,theyareround,neat,strongandpointed.

24（.2025·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)高考適應(yīng)性月考卷（二））SanDiego’snewestgiantpandasmadetheirpublicappearance

onThursdayintheSanDiegoZoo’sPandaRidgehabitat.Thepair,YunChuanandXinBao,arethefirstgiant

pandas56(enter)theUnitedStatesin21years,accordingtothezoo.

25（.2025·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)高考適應(yīng)性月考卷（二））Chinaloanspandastomorethan20countriesunderaprogram

often62(refer)toas“pandadiplomacy”.ItspandaloanstotheUSstretchbackto1972.

26（.2025·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)高考適應(yīng)性月考卷（二））Thezoohassaidthat,itisworkingcloselywithChineseexperts

tocaterto(滿足)thepandas’dietaryneeds,65(provide)avarietyoffreshbambooandalocal

adaptationofpandabread.

27.（2025·遼寧省沈文新高考研究聯(lián)盟高三月考）However,manynetizensonSinaWeibodon’tthinkElemeis

providingawonderfulservice,_____64_____(complain)itjustwantstomakemoney.

28.（2025·廣東省汕尾市四校聯(lián)考高三月考）Thevirtueoffrugality(節(jié)儉)hasmadeamajorcomebackamong

China’syoungconsumers.Accordingtodata____36____(release)byiiMediaResearch,72.49percentofyoung

Chineseprefertosaveratherthanoverspend.

29.（2025·廣西名校聯(lián)盟高三適應(yīng)性檢測(cè)）ThisisBeijing’sfirstdronedeliveryroute,withdronesflyingfroma

depot(倉(cāng)庫(kù))toa___37___(land)siteonthewall,anddeliveryworkerscompletingthefinalleg.

30.（2025·滄州市普通高中高三復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)）Chinesehavebeenincreasinglybuyingflowersandplants

____36____(boost)emotionsandbeautifylivingspaces,fuelingrosybusinessgrowthforretailers.

31.（2025·滄州市普通高中高三復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)）Thecountryhasmorethan5,000large-scaleflowercompanies,

withabout5.3millionpeople____40____(involve)intheindustry.

32.（2025·滄州市普通高中高三復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)）Someexperiencedgreenthumbsevenspendmuchmoney

____44____(purchase)pottedplantsandpresentthemtotheirfriends.

33.（2025·遼寧省遼南協(xié)作體高三月考）Fashionisalwaysamajorindicatorofpopulartrends.ThenewChinese

stylehasbeenselectedasoneoftheTop10lifestyletrendsinacompilation(匯編)____36____(release)by

Xiaohongshu.

34.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三上學(xué)期8月摸底）Themarketisexpectedtoincreaseasaresultoffactorssuchas

37(rise)consumerdemandandnewproductdevelopment.

35.（2025·內(nèi)蒙古多校高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考）Thefirstbrownpanda37(know)tosciencewasa

femalenamedDandan.AlocalrangerfoundthesickbearinFopingCountyinShaanxiProvince’sQinling

MountainsinMarch1985.

36.（2025·福建省福州第一中學(xué)高三質(zhì)檢）Overthepastdecade,Parishasinvestigatedabout1.4billioneuros

40(restore)theriver’secosystem.

37.（2025·福建省福州第一中學(xué)高三質(zhì)檢）Whenthewaterinthebasinmeetsthe44(require)health

criteriaitwillthenbepouredintotheSeina.

38.（2025·福建省寧德市蕉城區(qū)寧德第一中學(xué)高三一模）Renewableenergygeneration,fromsourceslikewind

andsolar,israpidlygrowing.However,thereismuchscientificevidence61(prove)someoftheenergy

generatedneedsstoringforwhenweatherconditionsareunfavourableforwindandsun.

39.（2025·福建省寧德市蕉城區(qū)寧德第一中學(xué)高三一模）Italsofullyreusesrainwaterandcreatesgreenenergy,

suchassolarenergy,tosupplythepark.Sotheperson65(frequent)parkswillbenefitmost.

40.（2025·廣東省部分學(xué)校高三上學(xué)期8月大聯(lián)考）Afterextensiveresearchonvegetationcover,theresearchers

foundthatthenewspecieshasanarrowdistribution,42(grow)inlimestone(石灰?guī)r)cracksinanarea

oftwosquarekilometers.

41.（2025·廣東省深圳市羅湖區(qū)高三上學(xué)期第一次摸底）YethoweverrealisticSoravideosmayappear,theyare

stilldigitalsimulationsandnotreal38(film)reality.

42.（2025·廣東省深圳市羅湖區(qū)高三上學(xué)期第一次摸底）ThedevelopmentofAI-createdvideosleadtoa

phenomenoncalled“Post-truth”,39(refer)toaculturalclimateinwhichobjectivefactsarelessinfluential

inshapingpublicopinionthanappealstoemotionandpersonalbelief.

43.（2025·廣東省深圳市羅湖區(qū)高三上學(xué)期第一次摸底）BeforepopularizingsuchnewtechnologyasSora,the

challengesshouldbeassessedandpreparedforinadvance.Forinstance,thegovernmentcouldmakeitcompulsory

forinformationproviders41(identify)theirprovidedinformation.

44（.2025·河北省衡水中學(xué)第一次綜合素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)）ForthosewhocannotmakeittoGuanghan,wheretheextensive

siteofSanxingduiislocated,animmersiveexhibition39(equip)withdigitaltechnology,titledHello

Sanxingdui,offersanalternativemeanstobeawedbythemagnificenceofthisBronzeAgeculture.Itisrunningat

theLongfuArtMuseuminBeijinguntilFeb29.

45（.2025·河北省衡水中學(xué)第一次綜合素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)）Itprovidesatime-travelexperienceforbothaneducationaland

artisticappeal.Thejourneybeginswithabrieftimelineoftexts,photosandvideos,showinghowSanxingduiwas

firstdiscoveredinthe1920s,whenobjectswerefoundbyfarmersdigginganirrigationditch(灌溉溝渠);andit

highlightstheimportantmomentsinthepastcentury’scontinuedarchaeologicalefforts,torevealthemyths

surroundingSanxingduiandthesecretsyet42(uncover).

語(yǔ)法填空

Passage1（現(xiàn)在分詞考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)篇練）

Samlovedfootball.Eversincehecouldremember,hisfamilyspentSaturdaymorningsatthetownfootball

fields1.__________(watch)hisbigbrotherandsisterplay.Italwayslookedlikegreatfun,withkids

2.__________(run)upanddownoverthegrass,3.__________(chase)theblackandwhiteballasfastastheycould.

NowthatSamwasfinallyoldenough4.__________(join)thebeginnerteam,hewasnervous.Sure,hehad

watchedalotoffootballgames,butthatdidn'tmeanhewasgoodat5.__________(kick)theball.Hepracticed

withhisteammatesandhadfun6.__________(do)practice,butitwaseasytokicktheballintothebigwhitenet

whentherewasnoone7.__________(try)tostophim.NowthemorningofSam'sfirstgamewasthere,and

therewasanotherplayer8.__________(stand)infrontofhimonthefield.Shewasverytall,withlong,goldenhair.

Thewhistle9.__________(blow),andsheranpastSamtowardtheball.Theballkept10.__________(roll),back

andforth.Samwastired.Arealgamefeltsomuchlongerthanpractice.

Passage2（過(guò)去分詞考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)篇練）

Thegiantpandaisanendangeredspecies,1.__________(threaten)bycontinuedhabitatlossandbyaverylow

birthratebothinthewildandincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).Nowadaysmostofitsrangeofactivity2.__________(lie)onthe

westernedgeofitshistoricalrange.

In2006,scientistsreportedthatthenumberofpandas3.__________(live)inthewildmighthavebeen

underestimatedatabout1,000.Previouspopulationsurveyshadusedconventionalmethods4.__________(estimate)

thesizeofthewildpandapopulation.However,5.__________(use)anewmethodwhichanalysesDNAfrom

pandadroppings,scientistsbelievethewildpopulationmaybeaslargeas3,000.Althoughthespeciesisstill

endangered,theconservationefforts6.________(think)tobeworking.In2006,itshabitatsinSichuanProvince

7.__________(gain)aUNESCOWorldHeritageSitestatus.In2013,therewere67pandareservesinChina,

8.__________(compare)tojust13reserves35yearsago.

In2012,inorder9.__________(conduct)importantenvironmentalresearch,Earthwatch,aglobalnon－profit

organization,launchedaprogrambasedintheWolongNationalNatureReserve.Thisprogramallowsvolunteersto

workclosewithpandas10.__________(care)forincaptivity,andhelpthemadapttolifeinthewild.

Passage3（不定式考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)篇練）

NewYearpictures,akindofancientChinesefolkart,arewellknown.Chinesepeoplehavethecustomof

stickingupNewYearpictures1.__________(celebrate)theSpringFestival.It'sparticularlycommon

2.__________(see)thiscustominthevastcountryside,whereeveryhouseholdwillbebusy3.__________(stick)

colorfulpicturesorpapercuttingsontheirdoors,windowsandwallsduringthattime.

TraditionalNewYearpictures,usually4.__________(create)byblockprinting,arefamousforsimplelines,

brilliantcolorsandscenesofprosperity.Themethod5.__________(consist)ofseveralsteps:drawing,block

engraving,printing,andcoloring.Thefinishedpictures,therefore,havethefeaturesofbothwoodcutprintsand

Chinesepaintings,6.________(make)aspecialbranchintraditionalfolkart.

Withvariousthemesskillfully7.________(express)inNewYearpictures,fromaplumpbaby

8.__________(hold)afishtoShouxing,andfromlandscapestobirdsandflowers,people'swishes,suchasgood

luck,happinessandothernicethings9.__________(convey)meanwhile.Thankstotheimprovementofprinting

technologies,there10.__________(be)moreandmorenewmaterialforNewYearpictures.

Passage4（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)語(yǔ)篇練）（標(biāo)黃題號(hào)為本專題考點(diǎn)）

（2025·福建省福州市第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確

形式。

ThetermXuanpaperfirstappearedinOnFamousPaintingsthroughtheAges,abookwrittenbyTang

DynastyscholarZhangYanyuan,1hedescribedXuanpaperasanidealcarrierforcalligraphyand

painting.HandmadeXuanpaperfromJingxiancounty,EastChina’sAnhuiprovince,2(list)asagiftto

theimperialcourtthenforitssupremequality,

DuringtheTangandSongDynastiesXuanpaperreacheditspeakof3(popular)andquality.The

traditionalcraft(工藝)ofmakingXuanpaperisextremely4(demand).Sandalwoodbark,aplantnative

tosouthernChina,5(go)through108proceduresoverthecourseofthreeyearsbeforeitcantransform

intofineXuanpaper.

TheflowofinkdeterminestheoutputofChineseart,andXuanpaperoutshinesotherswithitsexcellent

ability6(give)fullplaytoink.Differentproportions(比例)ofbarktostrawduringthepaper-making

processcancreatedifferentcanvases(帆布)bestsuited7artisticexpressionufreehandinkpaintingsor

calligraphy.TheuniquequalityofXuanpaperis8(high)valuedintheworldofChinesecalligraphyand

painting.

Xuanpaperisveryresistanttodamagebroughtbytime.Itisthisdurability9hasmadethe

preservationofmanyvaluableworksfromancientChinapossible.Thelonghistory,uniquecraftsmanship,andhigh

qualityofXuanpaperhavemadeita10(treasure)culturalheritageofChina.

I.單項(xiàng)填空

1.（2019·江蘇）__________theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.

A.ToenjoyB.EnjoyingC.TohaveenjoyedD.Enjoy

2.（2019·天津卷）___________tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.

A.LearnB.Learned

C.LearningD.Havinglearned

3.（2019·江蘇卷）China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries__________itsroleininternational

affairs.

A.recognizingB.beingrecognizedC.toberecognizedD.recognized

4.（2018·北京）3._________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.

A.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled

5.（2018·北京）6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________ameal,

admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.

A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared

6.（2018·北京）10.Ordinarysoap,_________correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.

A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use

7.（2018·天津）12.Ididn'tmean___________anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’t

help_______it.

A.toeat；totryB.eating；trying

C.eating；totryD.toeat；trying

8.（2018·天津）7.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs___________.

A.takingB.taken

C.beingtakenD.take

9.（2018·江蘇）26.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,_______theexpectednumberof

12,000heldbymarketanalysts.

A.havingexceededB.toexceed

C.exceededD.exceeding

10.（2017·天津卷）14.Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,_____morepatientstobe

treated.

A.beingallowedB.allowingC.havingallowedD.allowed

11.（2017·天津）10.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain______.

A.catchingB.caughtC.tocatchD.tobecaught

12.（2017·江蘇卷）21.ManyChinesebrands,_______theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallenges

fromthemodernmarket.

A.havingdevelopedB.beingdeveloped

C.developedD.developing

13.（2017·北京卷）27.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______their

valuabletime.

A.saveB.saving

C.tosaveD.saved

14（.2017·北京卷）30.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________frombutterfliestoelephants.

A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.ranged

15.（2017·北京卷）32.Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytime_______withhisstudents.

A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

16.（2016·北京）26.________iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.

A.MadeB.Make

C.MakingD.Tomake

17.（2016·北京）28.______overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.

A.OrderingB.Toorder

C.HavingorderedD.Ordered

18.（2016·北京）32.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,________theoldtownintoadreamland.

A.turnB.turning

C.toturnD.turned

19.（2016·江蘇）28.Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage________withinthework.

A.tohideB.hiddenC.hidingD.beinghidden

20.（2016·天津）4.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughoutbedroomwindows,____airconditioningunnecessary.

A.makingB.tomakeC.madeD.beingmade

21（.2016·浙江）10.Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudy_______inAustralia

in2012.

A.havingconductedB.tobeconductedC.conductingD.conducted

22.（2016·浙江）19.IhadasmuchfunsailingtheseasasInowdowithstudents.

A.workingB.workC.toworkD.worked

23.（2015·安徽）27.______thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyou

make.

A.IgnoreB.Ignoring

C.IgnoredD.Havingignored

24.（2015·湖南）34.SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents________whatisbotheringthem.

A.totalkoverB.talkedover

C．talkoverD．havingtalkedover

25.（2015·福建）28._________moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasan

electivecourse.

A.LearnB.LearnedC.TolearnD.Tobelearning

II.單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.（2021浙江卷1月）Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople________(live)inthecountryside,

includinglowerlevelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.

2.（2021新課標(biāo)II卷）Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,________(think)itisfood.

3.（2020年浙江卷1月）Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge____________

(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulation

4.（2018·北京）Ordinarysoap,_________（use）correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.

5.（2022·全國(guó)高考乙卷）_____(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberof

publicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,invitingtwenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohave

thirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.

6.（2022?新高考Ⅰ卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviously

unprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___39___

(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

7.（2021全國(guó)甲卷）After_________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthe