江蘇專版2025版高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題3閱讀理解第一節(jié)細(xì)節(jié)理解題一事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題學(xué)案牛津譯林版

PAGEPAGE1專題3閱讀理解高考閱讀理解要求考生在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成4篇不同體裁、題材的閱讀理解題?？忌粌H要能正確理解文章的表層意思，還要能通過表層意思合理地推斷出文章的隱含意義。近幾年閱讀理解的命題已從對(duì)傳統(tǒng)學(xué)問的駕馭狀況的考查轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)?shí)力的考查，命題者更關(guān)注考生用英語獲得信息的實(shí)力和處理相關(guān)信息的實(shí)力。為了幫助考生清晰地了解英語閱讀理解題的狀況，下面將具體分析近5年江蘇卷英語閱讀理解題的命題特點(diǎn)：近五年江蘇卷閱讀理解考情統(tǒng)計(jì)年份內(nèi)容20242024202420242015體裁記敘文20010爭(zhēng)論文11102應(yīng)用文11111說明文02221題型細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題88795推理推斷題44636主旨大意題22022詞義揣測(cè)題11212由以上統(tǒng)計(jì)可看出，江蘇卷對(duì)閱讀理解的考查文體上以應(yīng)用文、記敘文、說明文、爭(zhēng)論文為主，題型以細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題、推理推斷題為主，詞義揣測(cè)題、主旨大意題較難，所占比例較少，命題很好地體現(xiàn)了“留意基礎(chǔ)，體現(xiàn)層次，有利于選拔人才”的高考命題思想。一、閱讀理解解題四步法第一步掃描題干，劃關(guān)鍵定位詞，區(qū)分題型和預(yù)料文章主要內(nèi)容。其次步通讀全文，抓住中心。1.通讀全文，抓兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)：(1)段中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出題。(2)其他各段的段首和段尾句。其他部分略讀，有重點(diǎn)地讀。2.抓住中心，用一分半時(shí)間思索3個(gè)問題：(1)文章敘述的主要內(nèi)容是什么？(2)文章中有無提到核心概念？(3)作者的大致看法是什么？第三步細(xì)致審題，返回原文。細(xì)致看題干，把每道題和原文的某處建立聯(lián)系，掛起鉤。定位原則：1.通常是由題干動(dòng)身，運(yùn)用找尋關(guān)鍵詞定位原則。(關(guān)鍵詞：大寫字母、地名、時(shí)間、數(shù)字等)2.自然段定位原則。出題的依次與行文的依次是基本一樣的，一般每段對(duì)應(yīng)一題。要樹立定位意識(shí)，每一題、每一選項(xiàng)都要回到原文中某一處定位。第四步重疊選項(xiàng)，選出答案。1.通過題干返回原文：推斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，把選項(xiàng)定位到原文的某處比較，重疊選項(xiàng)，選出答案。2.做題練習(xí)要求：要有選一個(gè)答案的理由和其余三個(gè)不選的理由。二、研讀答案特征1.正確答案的特征：(1)正確答案常常與中心思想有關(guān)。(2)正確答案的位置，最常見的三個(gè)位置是：段首段尾處、轉(zhuǎn)折處、因果處。(3)正確答案常常運(yùn)用的原則是：同義替換、正話反說和反話正說。(4)從語氣角度來看，正確答案中常常含有不愿定的語氣詞和委婉表達(dá)的用詞。如：can，may，might，possible，notnecessarily，some。(5)正確答案常常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只見樹木不見森林。2.錯(cuò)誤答案的特征：第一大層次：(1)無中生有。原文中未提及的概念；(2)正反混淆。選項(xiàng)的意思跟原文的意思正好相反；(3)答非所問。雖然選項(xiàng)的說法沒有問題，符合原文，但和題干搭不上邊。其次大層次：(1)過分確定；(2)擴(kuò)大范圍(留意隱藏型的擴(kuò)大范圍mostly)；(3)因果倒置；(4)常識(shí)推斷；(5)推得過遠(yuǎn)；(6)偏離中心。三、四大題型及對(duì)策(一)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題一般包括干脆理解題(在原文中可干脆找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提問)、語義轉(zhuǎn)化題(須要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異，有時(shí)須要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論)、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、排列依次題等。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題的正確選項(xiàng)通常有以下特征：1.再現(xiàn)原文；2.對(duì)原文進(jìn)行改寫；3.對(duì)原文中的困難語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化；4.正話反說、無中生有(適用于三正一誤的是非題)。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題的干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：1.文不對(duì)題。這類題最不簡(jiǎn)潔辨別，選項(xiàng)中的描述與原文完全一樣，確屬原文中的一個(gè)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，這時(shí)要回到題干，看該選項(xiàng)是否能回答題干所提的問題；2.偷換概念。符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容；3.無中生有。即選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是依據(jù)主觀想象或推想得出的結(jié)論，而文中并未涉及；4.正誤并存。信息部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。(二)推理推斷題題干中常含有以下詞語：infer/imply/suggest/indicate/conclude/learnfrom。此類試題難度較大，但請(qǐng)記住一句做題基本原則“推理主題和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)”。意思是說推理題不是依據(jù)文章主題推理就是依據(jù)文章細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推理。一般來說，在一篇文章后的3或4道試題中，若該推理題出現(xiàn)在第一道和第四道，應(yīng)當(dāng)聯(lián)系文章主題進(jìn)行推理，也就是說要找到文章的主題句然后進(jìn)行同義改寫即可得到正確答案；若是該推理題出現(xiàn)在四道題的中間部分則是依據(jù)文章細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理，依據(jù)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題基本的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)定位原則也可以較快地解決問題。(三)主旨大意題題干中常含有以下詞語：mainidea/mainly/mainlydiscuss/mainlyconcerned/central/primary。主旨大意題最關(guān)鍵的就是把握主題句和主題詞。主題詞通常在文章中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，往往會(huì)在第一段出現(xiàn)，且?guī)в懈爬ㄐ?。有的類型的文章沒有明顯的主題句，但可以通過找主題詞的方法解決此類試題，主題詞就是文中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的一個(gè)單詞，一般狀況下為名詞，記住一句話：主旨大意題的正確選項(xiàng)確定包含主題詞！這樣一來就很快可以解除若干干擾選項(xiàng)而一眼看出正確選項(xiàng)所在了。也可以運(yùn)用逆向思維法、快速作文法：在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去都特別正確無法選擇時(shí)，試著從選項(xiàng)動(dòng)身，想象一下假如自己以此選項(xiàng)來寫文章會(huì)有哪些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項(xiàng)。歸納主題簡(jiǎn)潔出現(xiàn)以下三種錯(cuò)誤：1.以偏概全。即只抓住了主題的一個(gè)側(cè)面就誤以為是主題；2.過于籠統(tǒng)。即歸納的主題太泛，與細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)脫節(jié)或是沒有對(duì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)加以充分論證；3.把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給作者。讀者往往依據(jù)自己的常識(shí)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行推斷而忽視了作者的見解。(四)詞句揣測(cè)題詞句揣測(cè)題的難度深淺不一，但究其根源，無非兩種基本解題方法：聯(lián)系上下文和構(gòu)詞法。聯(lián)系上下文就是看相鄰的兩句話或者是一句話內(nèi)部主句和從句之間的關(guān)系，是同義延長還是反義駁斥，找到句子之間的關(guān)系后再找相應(yīng)位置單詞(或句子)的同義詞或反義詞就易如反掌了。構(gòu)詞法則是依據(jù)一個(gè)較難單詞的詞根、前后綴或是詞組的后接介、副詞分析出該單詞或詞組的也許含義，然后比照四個(gè)選項(xiàng)找出最接近的一個(gè)答案。(以上四種題型將在其次節(jié)分類突破中有具體講解和具體練習(xí)。)

第一節(jié)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題一、事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題(2024·江蘇，A)語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文中作者向讀者舉薦了一本有關(guān)歷史的書并介紹了其相關(guān)信息。56.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothetext?A.Abiography. B.Atravelguide.C.Ahistorybook. D.Asciencefiction.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)其次段中的“WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestories...thisbookalsogives...”可知CHRONOLOGICA是一本書，再依據(jù)文章開頭所說的這是一次穿越時(shí)間的迷人旅行(afascinatingjourneythroughtime)可推斷這是一本歷史書。故選C項(xiàng)。57.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?A.Bygivingdetailsofitscollection.B.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.C.Bytellingstoriesatthebeginning.D.Bycomparingitwithotherbooks.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。通讀文章可知，作者提到了這本書的部分內(nèi)容——羅馬的建立，因特網(wǎng)的締造，羅馬皇帝及百年斗爭(zhēng)等。故選B項(xiàng)。一、題型解讀事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題常以應(yīng)用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類，活動(dòng)支配類，書籍電影介紹類，演出信息類等。設(shè)問方式以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問句。二、解題技巧——題干定位，找尋信息題干定位法是做事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題最基本的也是最常用的方法。事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題主要考查對(duì)某句話或某幾句話的理解，可依據(jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可以確定最佳答案。“題干定位法”分為三步：第一步：先通過題干信息來選擇定位詞。定位詞主要是題干中的名詞、動(dòng)詞和數(shù)詞等，即問題的核心信息。例如上面【真題感悟】中的第56題題干中的定位詞為CHRONOLOGICA。其次步：在原文中查找定位詞或定位詞的相關(guān)信息，找出相關(guān)的句子。例如上面【真題感悟】中的第56題，我們?cè)谠闹姓业健癈HRONOLOGICAisafascinatingjourneythroughtime”及tellsthestories...thisbookalsogives”等句子。第三步：分析句子和選項(xiàng)，得出正確答案。例如上面【真題感悟】中的第56題，分析句子和選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)正確。AOldFallsMoviesJune28th—Beauty&theBeastDisney’sclassictakesonanewform，withawidenedfairytaleandanall-starcast.Ayoungprince，1imprisonedintheformofabeast，canbefreedonlybytruelove.WhatmaybehisonlyopportunityarriveswhenhemeetsBelle，theonlyhumangirltoevervisitthecastlesincehisbeingturnedintoabeast.July12th—TheEmoji(表情)MovieTheEmojiMovie2unlocksasecretworldinsideyoursmartphone.11HiddenwithinthemessagingappisTextopolis，acitywhereallyourfavoriteemojislivewithonlyonefacialexpressionexceptGenewhohasmultipleexpressions.Determinedtobecome“normal”liketheotheremojis，GeneasksHi-5andJailbreaktohelpthroughtheappsonthephonetofindtheCodethatwillfixhim.July19th—Jumanji：WelcometotheJungleInanewJumanjiadventure，fourkidsdiscoveranoldvideogameandare7drawnintothegame’sjunglesetting，becomingtheadultavatars(化身).Tobeatthegameandreturntotherealworldalive，they’llhavetofindamapandchangethewaytheythinkaboutthemselves—orthey’llbe6stuckinthegameforever.August9th—PeterRabbitPeterRabbit，histhreesistersandtheircousinBenjaminenjoytroublingMrMcGregorinhisvegetablegardenuntilhedies.WhenoneofMrMcGregor’srelativesmovesin，hefindsmuchmorethanhe3bargainedfor.Whatfollowsisabattleof9willsbetweenthenewMrMcGregorandtherabbits.However，somethinghappensandhisfeelingstowardsthembegintochange.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了四部老電影的上映日期及其劇情梗概。)1.Whencantheaudienceseeafilmabouttruelove?A.OnJuly19th. B.OnJune28th.C.OnAugust9th. D.OnJuly12th.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的其次句“Ayoungprince，imprisonedintheformofabeast，canbefreedonlybytruelove.”可知，《美女和野獸》是一部關(guān)于真愛的電影，上映日期是6月28日，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.HowisGenespecial?A.Helivesinasecretworldalone.B.Hecanhelpothersthroughanapp.C.Heisthefavoriteemojioftheworld.D.Hehasmorethanonefacialexpression.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的其次句“HiddenwithinthemessagingappisTextopolis，acitywhereallyourfavoriteemojislivewithonlyonefacialexpressionexceptGenewhohasmultipleexpressions.”可知，吉恩的特殊之處在于他有多種面部表情，故D項(xiàng)正確。3.Whatshouldadventurersdotowininthegame?A.Dressupasadults.B.Discoveranoldvideogame.C.Drawamapaboutthejungle.D.Thinkaboutthemselvesdifferently.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的其次句“Tobeatthegameandreturntotherealworldalive，they’llhavetofindamapandchangethewaytheythinkaboutthemselves—orthey’llbestuckinthegameforever.”可知，要想嬉戲通關(guān)，活著回到現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，冒險(xiǎn)者們必須要變更對(duì)自己的看法，故D項(xiàng)正確。BTheGreatWall，ChinaStretchingover21,000kilometers，theGreatWallwasbuilttopreventinvasionsandhasahistoryofmorethan2,000years.UNESCOinFebruary2024callsitanabsolutemasterpiece，notonlybecauseoftheambitiouscharacteroftheundertakingbutalsotheperfectionofitsconstruction.Butperfectionisn’tprotection.51.2percentoftheGreatWalleitherhashadalreadydisappearedorisata8significantriskofdisappearing.Besidesforwindandrainerosion，themainreasonsforthe4destructionoftheGreatWallarehumanfactorssuchastourism，construction，humancontactandsoon.Pamukkale，TurkeyPamukkale，whichmeans“cottoncastle”inTurkish，isfamousforitsshiningwhitecalciteterraces(方解石階地)withwarmandmineral-richwatersflowing.Before5beinglistedasaWorldHeritageSitein1988，Pamukkalehadbeenseverelydamagedbyhumanactivities.Peopleusedhotspringwatertofillswimmingpools，somevisitorsstoodontherocksandsomeevenbathedinthehotspringswithsoapandshampoo.Toprotecttheterraces，theTurkishgovernmenthasdecidedtopulldownthehotelsandrequirealltouriststovisitthissitebarefoot.GreatBarrierReef，AustraliaHometo400typesofcoraland1,500speciesoffish，theGreatBarrierReefdrawsvisitorstoAustraliafromallovertheworld.12However，theGreatBarrierReefisexpectedtosufferfromincreasinglyfrequentbleachingevents，10casesinwhichcoralsturnwhiteandmaydie，accordingtoaUNESCOreport.Theheatwavescausedbyglobalwarminghavekilledhalfofthecoralhereinthetwoyears，accordingtoaCNNreport.Pollutionfromindustrydevelopmentsandharmfulfishingpracticesarealsobigconcerns.TheDeadSea，JordanAt423metersbelowsealevel，theDeadSeais10timessaltierthantheocean，meaningthatthewaterissodense，eventouristswhocan’tswimwillbeabletofloat.Buttheseasideresortsbuiltinthe1980snowsitkilometersawayfromthewater’sedge，whichhaslosthalfofitssurfaceareainthepast40years.Thedamageisirreversibleduetothenatureofthemineralindustryandthetypeofagriculturalusethathasdrainedthewater.語篇解讀這是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了中國的長城、土耳其的棉花城堡、澳大利亞的大堡礁以及約旦的死海這四個(gè)聞名旅游景點(diǎn)遭到破壞的狀況。4.Whichareyourequiredtovisitwithoutshoes?A.TheGreatWall，China.B.Pamukkale，Turkey.C.GreatBarrierReef，Australia.D.TheDeadSea，Jordan.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段的最終一句“Toprotecttheterraces，theTurkishgovernmenthasdecidedtopulldownthehotelsandrequirealltouriststovisitthissitebarefoot.”中的barefoot(赤腳的)可知，B項(xiàng)符合題意。5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.MainreasonsforthedestructionoftheGreatWallcomefromwindandrainerosion.B.Pamukkalewasdamagedbyhumanactivitiesafter1988.C.PollutionandtheheatwavescausedbyglobalwarmingkillmuchcoralintheGreatBarrierReef.D.HalfoftheDeadSeasurfaceareahasdisappearedinthepasttwodecades.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第六段最終兩句“Theheatwavescausedbyglobalwarminghavekilledhalfofthecoralhereinthetwoyears，accordingtoaCNNreport.Pollutionfromindustrydevelopmentsandharmfulfishingpracticesarealsobigconcerns.”可知C項(xiàng)正確。6.Whatdotheabovespotshaveincommon?A.Theyareallfamousendangerednaturalspots.B.They’redamagedonlybyhumanactivities.C.Theyalldrawtheattentionofthegovernments.D.They’reallseriouslydamaged.答案D解析推理推斷題。綜觀全文，四個(gè)景點(diǎn)中并非全部是naturalspot(自然景點(diǎn))，如長城，故可解除A項(xiàng)；這些景點(diǎn)遭到破壞并非全都是因?yàn)槿祟惢顒?dòng)，還有自然緣由，故解除B項(xiàng)；文中只提及了棉花城堡的破壞引起了政府關(guān)注，故解除C項(xiàng)。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據(jù)句意揣測(cè)畫線部分的意思1.Becauseoftherobberyheconducted，hewasimprisoned.v.監(jiān)禁2.Inthenewtypeofhouse，thereisasmartlockthatcanunlockthefrontdoorwhenthehomeownerisnearbythemobilephone.v.解鎖3.Hebargainedwithhiswife，“YoutakecareofthechildrenandI’llcook.”v.商討條件4.Manypeopleareveryconcernedaboutthedestructionoftherainforests，whosedisappearanceispartlycausedbyhumanactivities.n.毀壞，破壞5.ZhoukoudianwaslistedasaworldheritagesiteinDecember1987.被列為(二)同義詞語替換6.Duringtheearthquake，peoplemaygetstuckinsideformorethananhourbeforebeingrescued.trapped7.Herbeautifulvoiceinheronlinevideo，whichamazeseveryone，hasdrawnmillionsoffans.attracted8.Afterdaysofhardwork，yourprojecthasshownasignificantimprovement.great/noticeable(三)一詞多義9.will(助動(dòng)詞)將來；(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)(表示情愿)愿，要，會(huì)n.意志；決心；遺囑(1)Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.n.意志，決心(2)Honestlyspeaking，Iwillsparenoefforttosupportyouwhateverthesituation.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)會(huì)(3)Attachedtohiswillwasaletterhehadwrittentohiswifejustdaysbeforehisdeath.n.遺囑(4)Astimegoesby，hewillbedevotingmoretimetowriting，broadcastingandlecturing.(助動(dòng)詞)將來10.casen.狀況；事實(shí)；案例；病例；傷員；盒子(1)Thereisamisbeliefthatpop-corniscalorie-free，butthatisnotthecase.n.事實(shí)(2)Theseideascanbetrueincertaincases，butverywronginothers.n.狀況(3)Toattractmorevisitors，themuseumdisplayedtheexhibitionsinglasscases.n.盒子(4)Judgingfromthewholeprocess，itwasatypicalcaseofbadmanagement.n.案例(5)Fortunately，themostseriouscasesweretreatedatthesceneoftheaccident.n.傷員Ⅱ.長難句理解11.HiddenwithinthemessagingappisTextopolis，acitywhereallyourfavoriteemojislivewithonlyonefacialexpressionexceptGenewhohasmultipleexpressions.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句為HiddenwithinthemessagingappisTextopolis，是一個(gè)完全倒裝句。主語是Textopolis，acity作其同位語，后面的where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞acity。后面的who引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞Gene。[精致譯文]隱藏在短消息應(yīng)用程序中的是文字大都市。在這個(gè)城市中，你喜愛的表情包們都只有一個(gè)表情——表情豐富的吉恩除外。12.However，theGreatBarrierReefisexpectedtosufferfromincreasinglyfrequentbleachingevents，casesinwhichcoralsturnwhiteandmaydie，accordingtoaUNESCOreport.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句為theGreatBarrierReefisexpectedtosufferfromincreasinglyfrequentbleachingevents。其中expect意為“預(yù)料”，而不是“期望”。cases是bleachingevents的同位語，后面的inwhich引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，等于關(guān)系副詞where。[精致譯文]然而，依據(jù)聯(lián)合國教科文組織的一份報(bào)告，大堡礁預(yù)料將遭遇越來越常見的白化現(xiàn)象，即珊瑚蟲變白并可能死亡。強(qiáng)化練(十六)Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1.Withpeoplepayingattentiontofitness，self-servicemini-gyms，eachcoveringabout5squaremeters，inChina’smajorcitiestheseyears.(2024·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三聯(lián)考)A.havesprungup B.sprangupC.hadsprungup D.springup答案A解析句意為：近年來，隨著人們對(duì)健身的關(guān)注，面積約5平方米的自助迷你健身房如雨后春筍般在中國各大城市興起。依據(jù)theseyears“這些年”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，故答案為A。2.yougivemeatrial，Iwilldomybesttoaffordyoueverysatisfaction.(2024·江蘇江都、華羅庚等中學(xué)聯(lián)考)A.MayB.CanC.ShouldD.Shall答案C解析句意為：如蒙試用，本人將盡最大努力工作，爭(zhēng)取諸事滿足。依據(jù)句意可知此處表示假如讓我試一試，should位于條件句的句首，表示一種語氣較強(qiáng)的虛擬或假設(shè)狀態(tài)，翻譯成“假如”，故C項(xiàng)正確。3.TheChineseEmbassydidn’tdirectlysolvemyproblem，butIfeltthankfulthatitmesomeadviceatleast.A.hadoffered B.wouldofferC.offers D.offered答案D解析句意為：中國大使館沒有干脆解決我的問題，但是我感謝至少它給了我一些建議。依據(jù)didn’t推斷“中國大使館沒有干脆解決我的問題”是過去發(fā)生的事情，因此推斷“給我一些建議”也是過去發(fā)生的事情，故選D。4.—I’vegivenupsmokingalready，darling.—Youshouldhavetakenthedoctor’sadviceyearsago.，anyway.A.BetterlatethanneverB.It’seasiersaidthandoneC.Nopain，nogainD.Wellbegunishalfdone答案A解析Betterlatethannever亡羊補(bǔ)牢，遲做總比不做好；It’seasiersaidthandone說起來簡(jiǎn)潔做起來難；Nopain，nogain不勞無獲；Wellbegunishalfdone好的開端是勝利的一半。句意為：——敬愛的，我已經(jīng)放棄吸煙了?！嗄昵澳憔驮撀犪t(yī)生的建議。不管怎樣，遲做總比不做好。依據(jù)句意可知答案為A。5.Sustainabledevelopmentisallaboutcreatingbetterhealthcare，education，housingandimprovedstandardoflivingforeveryone，whichisasimpleidea，ishardtoputintopractice.(2024·海安縣高三期末)A.one B.theoneC.onethat D.that答案C解析句意為：可持續(xù)發(fā)展就是要為每個(gè)人創(chuàng)建更好的醫(yī)療、教化、住房和提高生活水平，這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的想法，但很難付諸實(shí)踐。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，one作asimpleidea的同位語，而one后是由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，that指代先行詞one在定語從句中作主語，故C項(xiàng)正確。6.Hisconflictedwiththatoftheotherwitnessesandyethisstoryhad，forme，theringoftruth.(2024·如東中學(xué)高三期末)A.expectation B.instructionC.response D.account答案D解析句意為：他的敘述與其他目擊者講的有沖突。然而在我看來，他所說的有可能是真的。expectation期望；instruction指示；response回應(yīng)；account陳述。由“yethisstory”可知，account符合句意。故D選項(xiàng)正確。7.TheSpringFestivalisthetimeofyearthatthelargestannualmassmigrationontheplanetwhenonesixthoftheworld’spopulationhome.A.willsee；travelsB.saw；wastravellingC.willbeseeing；willbetravellingD.sees；travel答案D解析句意為：每年的春節(jié)都見證著這個(gè)星球上一場(chǎng)年度最大規(guī)模的遷徙，在那個(gè)時(shí)候，全球人口的六分之一旅行回家。see“見證”，作定語從句中的謂語，that指代先行詞thetimeofyear，8.Atthattimetheycouldnotproducecomputer，letalonehigh-gradeones.A.normal B.ordinaryC.popular D.public答案B解析normal正常的；ordinary一般的；popular受歡迎的；public公眾的。依據(jù)句意和high-grade可知答案是B。9.WhenPaulforthefinalgameofthebasketballseason，hisfansletoutshoutsofcry.A.madeup B.showedupC.caughtup D.heldup答案B解析句意為：當(dāng)保羅出現(xiàn)在籃球賽季的最終一場(chǎng)競(jìng)賽上時(shí)，他的粉絲們爆發(fā)出叫喊聲。makeup組成，編造；showup到場(chǎng)，出現(xiàn)；catchup趕上；holdup舉起，阻礙。故B選項(xiàng)正確。10.He’squite，butIcan’timaginehimaspresidentofsuchalargelistedcompany.A.enthusiastic B.generousCpetent D.sympathetic答案C解析enthusiastic熱忱的；generous慷慨的；competent有實(shí)力的；sympathetic憐憫的。句意為：他很有實(shí)力，但我無法想象他會(huì)成為這么大的上市公司的總裁。故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A(2024·江蘇五校高三聯(lián)考)NewYorkCity.FreelanceTheKidPassblogiscreatedbycontributionsfromawesomefreelancewriterswhoworkfromhome，andareexcitedtosharetheirexperiencesandrecommendationsforkids’activitiesaroundNewYorkCity!KidPassisflexible，soitallowsparentslikeustospendmoretimewiththeirkidsandworkfromhomeoranywheretheylike，whilebuildingagreatresourceofrecommendationsforotherparents.Wearehiringfreelancewriterswhocancontributearticlestoourblog.Wepayyouforeacharticlethatweacceptorapprovestartingat$20forshortarticlesand$100＋forlongerarticleswithoriginalresearch，photos，andvideos.Ifyouenjoybeingaparent“intheknow”，researchingnewkids’activitiesonline，orgoingaroundyourneighborhoodtovisitnewkids’centres，indoorplayspaces，events，orclasses，thenKidPasscouldbegreatforyou!Aboutyou：*Possessafriendly，confidentwritingstyle.*Workfromwhereveryouwant.*Abletoexplorekids’classesandactivitiesinyourneighborhood.*Takephotosandvideosifyouareinterestedinwritinglongerresearchpiecesforus.*Promptincommunication，responsibleandabletomeetdeadlines.Toapply，pleasesubmitthefollowing：*Twowritingsamplesthathavenotbeenpublishedelsewhereandnotbeencopied.*Foronesample，pleaseincludealist/round-upoffivelocalkids’classesforacertainagegroupinyourneighborhood.*Forthesecondsample，pleaseincludeasinglereviewofoneofthekids’classes/activitiesandincludepictures.*Submitthesebyemailandincludeabriefintroductiontoyourself.語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。KidPass的博客是由一些優(yōu)秀的自由撰稿人創(chuàng)作的，他們都是在家工作的，他們特別樂意共享自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和對(duì)紐約市兒童活動(dòng)的建議。文章主要告知我們?cè)摬┛蛯?duì)自由撰稿人的要求。11.WhatdoweknowabouttheKidPassblog?A.Ithasalottodowithchildren’sactivities.B.Itoffersmuchadviceonhowtoraisekids.C.Itteachesparentstodesignkids’gamesonline.D.Itencouragesparentstoaccompanytheirkidsmore.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句可知，關(guān)于KidPass博客我們知道它和孩子們的活動(dòng)有很大關(guān)系。故選A。12.Thepassagemainlyinformsusof.A.thehistoryoftheKidPassblogB.thetipsonwritinggoodarticlesonlineC.theimportanceofcommunicatingwithkidsD.therequirementsofworkingasafreelancewriter答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段第一句“Wearehiringfreelancewriterswhocancontributearticlestoourblog.”和下文內(nèi)容“Aboutyou...Toapply，submitthefollowing...”可知，這篇文章主要告知我們TheKidPassblog對(duì)自由撰稿人的要求。故選D。B(2024·江蘇七市高三二調(diào))LondonZooSetintheheartofRegentsPark，LondonZooprovidesagreatdayoutwithafamilyfriendlyatmosphere.Ithasbeenentertainingvisitorsofallageswithacollectionofover80,000animalsaswellassomefantasticshowsandinteractiveexperiencesforover150years.Fromtheclassicpenguinfeedingtimetotheinsightfultalksheldinanauthenticlivingrainforestwhereisreallysomethingforeveryonetoenjoy.Therearefunandgamesinthekids’zoneincludingarangeofspecialexhibitsdesignedtobeasinformativeastheyareexciting.Childrenarefreetoexploreatreetopvillage，asecretundergroundworldandthe“TouchZone”whichprovidesasafeenvironmentforthemtointeractwithalloftheirfavouritecreatures.ThereissomuchtodoatLondonZoothatyoumaystruggletofititallintooneday!Yourticketincludespriorityentryaccessatnoextracostgivingyoumoretimetoseeoneofthecity’spremierattractions.ImportantInformation*DisabledAccess：Wheelchairaccessisavailablethroughoutthepark；however，astheZoocontainsalotoflistedbuildingssomehaveminorrestrictions.*Parkingspacesubjectto(取決于)availability.OnlyvalidinconjunctionwithapaidforZooentryticket.*Lastadmissionisonehourbeforeclosingtime.*Someanimalexhibitsmaycloseupto30minutesbeforeclosingtime.語篇解讀本文為一則廣告。文章是一則關(guān)于倫敦動(dòng)物園的廣告，介紹了其特色和一些重要信息。13.Accordingtotheadvertisement，LondonZoo.A.providesanidealplaceforfamiliestoholdtalksinanrainforestBbinesentertainmentandinteractiveexperienceswithcreaturesC.offersunlimitedaccesstopremierattractionswithalittlemorechargeD.caterstothecuriosityofchildrenwithguidedexplorationandinteractions答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)LondonZoo部分的其次段中的“Therearefunandgamesinthekids’zoneincludingarangeofspecialexhibits...Childrenarefreetoexplore...whichprovidesasafeenvironmentforthemtointeractwithalloftheirfavoritecreatures.”可知，這里分別對(duì)應(yīng)著可以找到消遣和可以與生物互動(dòng)的項(xiàng)目，因此答案選B；D項(xiàng)也出現(xiàn)了類似的內(nèi)容，但是這里沒有出現(xiàn)guided，因此錯(cuò)誤。故B選項(xiàng)正確。14.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat.A.visitorswillbeadmittedtothezooattheirconvenienceB.driversshallgetaparkingspacewithapaidentryticketC.latecomersmaymisssomeoftheanimalexhibitsD.wheelchairuserscanhaveaccesstoanybuilding答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)ImportantInformation部分中的“Someanimalexhibitsmaycloseupto30minutesbeforeclosingtime.”可推知，來得晚的人有可能看不到一些動(dòng)物展覽了。故C選項(xiàng)正確。Ⅲ.任務(wù)型閱讀(2024·鹽城試驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三模擬)Abriefcourseofbrainexerciseshelpedolderadultsholdontoimprovementsinreasoningskillsandprocessingspeedthatcouldbedetectedaslongas10yearsafterthecourseended，accordingtoresultsfromthelargeststudyeverdoneoncognitivetraining.Thefindings，publishedonMondayintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSociety，offerwelcomenewsinthesearchforwaystokeepthemindsharpas76millionbabyboomersintheUnitedStatesadvanceintooldage.Thefederally-sponsoredtrialofalmost3,000olderadults，calledtheAdvancedCognitiveTrainingforIndependentandVitalElderlystudy(ACTIVE)，lookedathowthreebraintrainingprograms—focusingonprocessingspeed，memoryandreasoningability—affectedcognitively—normaladultsastheyaged.Peopleinthestudyhadanaverageageof74whentheystartedthetraining，whichinvolved10to12sessionslasting60to75minuteseach.Thetrainingcoursewasdesignedtoimprovespecificcognitiveabilitiesthatbegintodeclineaspeopleage.Itdidnotaimtopreventdementia(癡呆)causedbyunderlyingdiseasesuchasAlzheimer’s.Afterfiveyears，researchersfoundthatthosewiththetrainingperformedbetterthantheiruntrainedcounterpartsinallthreemeasures.Althoughgainsinmemoryseenatthestudy’sfive-yearmarkappearedtodropoffoverthenextfiveyears，gainsinreasoningabilityandprocessingspeedlasted10yearsafterthetraining.“Whatwefoundwasprettyastonishing.Tenyearsafterthetraining，therewasevidencethattheeffectsweredurableforthereasoningandthespeedtraining，”saidGeorgeRebok，anexpertonagingandaprofessoratJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore，wholedthestudy.Theparticipantsinallthreetraininggroupsalsoreportedthatthetrainingmadeiteasierforthemtododailyactivitiessuchasmanagingtheirmedications，cookingmealsorhandlingtheirfinancesthanthosewhodidnotgetthetraining.Butstandardtestsoftheseactivitiesshowednodifferencesbetweenthegroups.“Thespeed-of-processingresultsareveryencouraging，”saidstudyco-authorJonathanKing，programdirectorforcognitiveagingintheDivisionofBehavioralandSocialResearchattheNationalInstituteonAging(NIA)，partoftheNationalInstitutesofHealth，whichhelpedfundtheresearch.Kingsaidtheself-reportedimprovementsindailyfunctionwereinteresting，butadded，“Wedonotyetknowwhethertheywouldtrulyallowolderpeopletobeindependentforalongertime.”However，theresearcherssaidevenasmallgainwouldbelikelytoeasetheburdenoncaregiversandhealthcareproviders.“Ifwedelaytheattackofdifficultiesindailyactivitiesevenbyasmallamount，thatcanhavemajorpublichealthimplicationsintermsofhelpingtocontrolhealthcarecosts，delayingentryintoinstitutionsandhospitals，”Reboksaid.BrainTrainingCoursesKeep15.SharpBasicinformationaboutthestudy?Thestudywas16.bythefederalgovernment.?3,000hetraining