Unit1HonestyandresponsibilityGrammarandusage課件-高中英語(yǔ)譯林版（2020）選擇性

Unit1

Honestyandresponsibility

GrammarandUsageStep1Lead-inStep2Exploringtherules1.Herunsfast. 2.Sheis

quitepretty. 3.IcanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Luckily,Ifounditintheend.5.IwillcallyouassoonasIarrive.6.Aslongasyouareherewithme,Idon’tcarewhoyouare.

Adverbial：修飾_____、_______或______，或是______________Adverbialclauses:當(dāng)充當(dāng)________的部分是一個(gè)句子時(shí)，該句子就是狀語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞整個(gè)句子狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句概述定義

狀語(yǔ)從句用作狀語(yǔ)，是起副詞作用的句子。位置

引導(dǎo)詞分類(lèi)作用可位于句首，句末或句中放在句首時(shí)需要用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)。由從屬連詞引導(dǎo),也可由連詞詞組引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)其作用可以分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式和比較等九大類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)從句。它可以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或整個(gè)句子。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句從句類(lèi)型常見(jiàn)連詞補(bǔ)充時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,while,as,whenever,after,before,till

/until,assoonas,since,once,bythetime,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,...everytime,themoment,theminute,immediately也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(1)when,while,as

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主從句動(dòng)作可以同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。while從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。as從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或交替進(jìn)行，意為“一邊……，一邊……；隨著”。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.WhileIwaswatchingTV,thebellrang.Asshegrewolder,shegainedinconfidence.(2)before,since和bythetime引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連詞常用句式beforeBefore+一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)sinceSince+一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)bythetimeBythetime+一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)Passengers

hadarrivedattheairportbeforetheairplanetookoff.飛機(jī)起飛之前，乘客已經(jīng)到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)。Wehaven’tseeneachothersincewebrokeup.我們自從分手以后一直沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。Bythetimeshecame,Ihadcleanedtheroom.她回來(lái)時(shí)，我已打掃完房間。until/till用于肯定句時(shí)，主謂動(dòng)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，“直到…為止”not...until/till...所在的主謂動(dòng)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，

“直到…才…”till不可以置于句首，而

until可以置于句首。notuntil放在句首，主句要部分倒裝itis/wasnotuntil...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(不倒裝)(3)until/till引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Hismotherwon’t

gotobeduntil

hereturnshomeeveryevening.Until

hereturnshomeeveryevening

hismotherwillgotobed.Notuntil

hereturnshomeeveryeveningwillhismothergotobed.Itisnotuntilhereturnshomeeveryeveningthathismotherwillgotobed.hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),

主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

hardly/scarcely放在句首，要部分倒裝。

②themoment,theminute,immediately,assoonas...(4)表示“一…就…”的連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句e.g.他一看見(jiàn)我就跑開(kāi)了。Hardlyhadheseenmewhenheranway.Nosoonerhadheseenmethanheranway.e.g.

那個(gè)小男孩一見(jiàn)到他媽媽便哭了起來(lái)。Themomenthesawhismother,thelittleboyburstintotears.Themomenthesawhismother,thelittleboyburstintotears.Immediatelyhesawhismother,thelittleboyburstintotears.Assoonashesawhismother,thelittleboyburstintotears.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句I'munsatisfiedwithwhereIlive.

我對(duì)自己住的地方特不滿意。Youcansitwhereveryoulike.你喜歡坐哪都可以。由where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句前應(yīng)有先行詞，而狀語(yǔ)從句前沒(méi)有先行詞。①Bamboogrowsbestinplaces

whereitiswarmanditrainsoften.②Bamboogrowsbestwhereitiswarmanditrainsoften.原因狀語(yǔ)從句從句類(lèi)型常見(jiàn)連詞原因狀語(yǔ)從句because,as,since,now(that)(由于),for,...Shegotthejob,becauseshewasthebestcandidate.她得到了那份工作，因?yàn)樗亲罴讶诉x。Since/Aswehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)錢(qián)，所以我們不能買(mǎi)它。Heseldomgoesoutnow,forheisveryold.

他現(xiàn)在很少出門(mén)，因?yàn)樗昙o(jì)很大了。目的狀語(yǔ)從句Hegotupearlysothat/inorderthathecouldcatchtheearlytrain.他起得很早，以便趕上早班火車(chē)。MymotherturnedofftheTV

sothatIcouldbetterconcentrateonmystudies.我媽媽關(guān)掉了電視，以便我更好地集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。從句類(lèi)型常見(jiàn)連詞目的狀語(yǔ)從句sothat,inorderthat...結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句從句類(lèi)型常見(jiàn)連詞結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句so,sothat,so...that,such...that...Heissohandsomethatwealllikehim.Heissuchahandsomepersonthatwealllikehim.他很帥，我們都很喜歡他。

區(qū)分：目的狀語(yǔ)從句中常有can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句表示客觀事實(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣,從句中通常無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。條件狀語(yǔ)從句從句類(lèi)型常見(jiàn)連詞條件狀語(yǔ)從句if,unless,so/aslongas,supposing(that),providing/provided(that),...Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.Unlessyouchangeyourmind,Iwon'thelpyou.

Youcanusemybikeaslongasyoureturnitontime.Supposingthatyouarewrong,whatwillyoudothen?Youcangooutproviding/providedthatyouhavetofinishyourhomework.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句從句類(lèi)型常見(jiàn)連詞補(bǔ)充讓步狀語(yǔ)從句although,though,while,evenif

/though,

as，...由whether...or…,“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ever”，“nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞”以及也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(1)although/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,不與but連用，但可與yet/still連用。Heisunhappy,though/althoughhehasalotofmoney.雖然他很有錢(qián)，但他并不快樂(lè)。Clever

though

youmaybe,youcannotdothat.盡管你很聰明，但你做不到那件事。(3)nomatter后接who，what，where，how等疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以在這類(lèi)疑問(wèn)詞后面加上ever構(gòu)成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用“疑問(wèn)詞＋ever”類(lèi)詞。Don’ttrusthim,nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.不管他說(shuō)什么，都不要相信他。Iwilleatwhateveryougiveme.你給我什么我就吃什么。(2)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管”,常位于句首。While

wedon’tagreeonthematter,wecontinuetobefriends.雖然我們?cè)谶@件事上意見(jiàn)不一，但我們?nèi)匀皇桥笥选?4)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，需將從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)以及謂語(yǔ)中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前至從句句首，引起倒裝；作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需省去。Childas/thoughheis，heknowsalot.Successfulasheis,heisnotproud.MuchasIlikeit，Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould/might，hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Helooksasifheisangry.他看起來(lái)好像生氣了。

方式狀語(yǔ)從句從句類(lèi)型常見(jiàn)連詞方式狀語(yǔ)從句

as,asif/though...asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的的從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示(可能)符合事實(shí)的情況；也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。Sheisnotso/asoutgoingashersister.她不如她姐姐外向。SheisastallasTom.她與湯姆一樣高。比較狀語(yǔ)從句從句類(lèi)型常見(jiàn)連詞比較狀語(yǔ)從句as…as…，thesameas…，notas/so…as…比較級(jí)＋than，the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...在表示時(shí)間、條件、讓步等的狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同或從句的主語(yǔ)是it，從句的謂語(yǔ)又含有be的某種形式時(shí)，可以省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，從而構(gòu)成“從屬連詞+形容詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。If(itis)possible,pleaselookupthewordinthedictionary.如果可能的話，請(qǐng)?jiān)谠~典里查閱那個(gè)單詞。Heisagoodman,thoughsometimes(heis)ratherdull.他是個(gè)好人，盡管有時(shí)很愚鈍。While(Iwas)passingbythesupermarket,Imetmyfriend.路過(guò)超市時(shí)，我遇見(jiàn)了我的朋友。Unless(Iam)invited,Iwon'ttakepartintheactivity.除非有人邀請(qǐng)，否則我不會(huì)參加那個(gè)活動(dòng)。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略狀語(yǔ)從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的替換2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn’taffordatelevision.1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor’sshop.=Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.=Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordatelevision.=Leftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn’tfeelafraidatall.3.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn’tfeelafraidatall.4.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.=Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.當(dāng)主從句的主謂一致，且從句的謂語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可用V-ing短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換。

當(dāng)主從句的主謂一致，且從句的謂語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可用V-ed短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換。

V-ed/V-ing形式在句中可充當(dāng)時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。ExploringtherulesHuangDanian黃大年Readthearticleonpage6andanswerthefollowingquestions.1)WhatwasHuangDanian?

HewasageophysicistwhomadesubstantialcontributionstoChina.2)Whatcontributionsdidhemake?HemappedtheworldundertheEarth’ssurface,whichhelpeddiscovervaluablemineralresourcesandbrought

China’sknowledgeandtechnologyinthisareaalongsidetheworld’sfinest.ExploringtherulesBelowisanewsstoryaboutaChinesescientist.Findthesentenceswithadverbialclausesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.ExploringtherulesExploringtherulesAdverbialclauseofcondition

AdverbialclauseoftimeAdverbialclauseofplaceAdverbialclauseofreasonAdverbialclauseofpurposeAdverbialclauseofresultAdverbialclauseofconcessionAlthoughhespentmanyyearsintheUK,...Heknewthatifhecameback,…Whenhehadtogoawayonbusiness,……untilhediedin2017attheageofjust58.Huangexcelledwherehewasworking…Sincehespentsomuchtimeonwork,……sothathedidnotmissanyworkinthedaytime.Infact,heworkedsohardthathedidnotpayenoughattentiontohisownhealth.肩負(fù)沉重的責(zé)任全身心投入做某事踐行社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀攻讀博士學(xué)位辭職

被任命為首席科學(xué)家地球深部勘探項(xiàng)目beartheheavyburdenofresponsibilitydevoteoneselftodoingsth.practisecoresocialistvaluesworkonone’sPhDresignone’spostbemadechiefscientistdeep-EarthexplorationprogrammeUsefulExpressions爭(zhēng)分奪秒夜以繼日選擇午夜航班罹患癌癥做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)和世界最優(yōu)秀的一起wastenotimedayandnightchoosethemidnightflightfallillwithcancermakesubstantialcontributionstoalongsidetheworld’sfinestUsefulExpressionsWorkingouttherulesWorkingouttherulesAdverbialclausescanbeintroducedby:if,unless,aslongas,etc.toexpress(1)____________;until,when,while,etc.toexpresstime;wheretoexpressplace;because,as,since,inthat,etc.toexpress(2)__________;sothat,inorderthat,etc.toexpress(3)___________;thatwithsoorsuchinthemainclausetoexpressresult;andalthough,though,evenif,etc.toexpressconcession.conditionreasonpurposeApplyingtherulesApplyingtherules1.Jakegotupearlysothathewouldhavetimetoexercisebeforeclass.2.Althoughshehadnoteditedthephotos,theystilllookedverygood.3.Hewenttoworkasifnothinghadhappened.4.Herteacherlikedherbecauseshewassohard-working.5.Igetveryupsetwhenpeopledonottellmethetruth.6.Ifyouarenicetootherpeople,theywillbenicetoyou.ApplyingtherulesB2Thenewsstorybelowisaboutasocialmediainfluencer.Completeitwiththecorrectadverbialclausesintheboxbelow.TherearetwoclausesyoudoNOTneedtouse.Writethelettersintheblanks.

ApplyingtherulesLilyusedtobeafitnesscoachandasocialmediainfluencer.Thenumberofherfollowersreachedamillionjustlastmonth.Everyday,shewouldpostphotosofherselfworkingout,orjustposinginworkoutclothes.Shelookedsuperbinthesephotos.(1)______,theywerenotonehundredpercentreal.Actually,theyweretakenbyaprofessionalphotographer.Besides,theywerealsocarefullyedited(2)_______.Weknowthatsocialmediainfluencerssometimesposttheirphotosforfun,butcompaniespaythemtodoso(3)_______.Lilywasnoexception.Theclothesshewaswearinginthosephotosweresponsoredbycompanies.Shewaspaidtowearthem.cebLilywasnothappyaboutthephotos,though.“Iwasfeelingguilty(4)______,”shesaid.“Iwassoashamedofmyself.Icouldn’tbearlivingalieanymore.Ihopemyfanscanforgiveme.”(5)______,sheclosedheronlineaccount.faB3

Describeapersonpracticinghonestyandresponsibilityusingadverbialclauses.Usefulsentencepatterns:XXXisagoodexampleofsomeonewhopractiseshonestyandresponsibility.Hisclassmateselecthimasclassmonitorbecause______.Hiscolleaguesshowrespectforhimbecause________.Althoughhe____________,hemanagesto____________.Hewillnot________unless_________.Ifhisfriends_____________,theyoften________because

theyknowhewill_________.Heoncesaid,“I’mjustdoingwhatIcanso

that________.”……Describeapersonpractisinghonestyandresponsibilityusingadverbialclauses.B3ApplyingtherulesMyfriendPeterisagoodexampleofsomeonewhopractiseshonestyandresponsibility.Sincehewasquiteyoung,Peterhasbeenregardedasa“good"boy.HisclassmateshaveelectedhimasclassmonitorbecausetheyknowPeterisreliable.Hehasdevotedalotoftimetohelpinghisclassmatesandtheclassteacher,earninghimhighpraise.Althoughheisverybusy,hemanagestodootheractivitiessuchasguitarlessons.Hisparentswereconcernedthatguitarlessonswouldtakeuptoomuchofhistime,butPeterassuredthemhemadesuchastrictschedulethathecouldhandleit.ItturnsoutthatPeterhaskeptagoodbalancebetweenhisstudyandhishobby.Peterhasmanyfriends,wholikehimandtrusthimmorethanothers.Ifhisfriendshaveadisagreement,theyoftenapproachhimbecausetheyknowhewillspeakthetruthandgivehishonestopinion.Heoncesaid,“I'mjustdoingwhatIcanandtrytomakesmartchoicesinorderthatIcanhelpmyfriends,teachersandfamily.WhereIamneeded,Iwillbethere.”1._____IhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellowHostel.2.TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously-____seriously______somelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.IfsothatPractice3.Themainconcernhereistheamountofenergythatgoesintothemakingofnewproductsandwhetherornotthatextracarbonisworththefootprinttheproductwillmake______itgetstoyou.4.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(來(lái)源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfire_________mostpe