高考英語復(fù)習(xí)單項填空專題五動詞和短語動詞

專題五動詞和短語動詞1/26-2-考情概覽1.考查常見動詞和短語動詞詞義辨析。強(qiáng)調(diào)語言情景化,把動詞和短語動詞區(qū)分放在鮮活語境中進(jìn)行考查,突出在詳細(xì)語境中進(jìn)行意義選擇測試。2.考查常見動詞搭配。尤其是同一動詞和不一樣副詞或介詞組成短語之間辨析,或者不一樣動詞和同一副詞或介詞組成短語之間辨析。如get/give/break/stand/take/make/turn/come/hold/bring/keep/leave/hand等一些高頻動詞與for/to/of/out/off/up/over/about/down/on/in等介/副詞搭配組成短語含義。3.考查常見動詞及其短語新義,也就是我們所說“熟詞生義”;動詞一詞多義也是考查重點。要在詳細(xì)語境中靈活地使用。2/26-3-考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六動詞詞義辨析這類試題四個選項往往結(jié)構(gòu)相同,詞形或意義相近。要做好這類試題,必須從各個動詞語義差異、使用方法特點等方面入手,然后結(jié)合題意選取適當(dāng)動詞。3/26-4-考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六【典例分析】(·天津卷,11)Ifyouhaveanydoubtsaboutyourhealth,you’dbetter

yourdoctoratonce.

A.convince B.consult

C.avoid D.affect答案為B項。句意:假如你對自己健康情況還有所疑問話,你最好立刻咨詢你醫(yī)生。convince“使確信,使信服”;consult“請教,咨詢”;avoid“防止”;affect“影響”。(·浙江卷,8)Wecanachievealotwhenwelearntoletourdifferencesunite,ratherthan

us.

A.divide B.rejectC.control D.abandon答案為A項。句意:當(dāng)我們學(xué)會因差異而聯(lián)合起來、而不是因差異而分裂時候,我們會收獲很多。divide“分開,隔開”,符合句意。reject“拒絕”;control“控制”;abandon“拋棄”。故選A項。4/26-5-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點四常見動詞固定搭配有些動詞與其賓語有固定搭配和習(xí)慣使用方法,還有些動詞后跟賓語補(bǔ)足語時,與不定式或一些介詞有固定搭配。要做好這類試題,關(guān)鍵是經(jīng)過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)搞清題意,然后依據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和句意選擇符合固定搭配或習(xí)慣使用方法動詞?！镜淅治觥?·天津卷,14)See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’t

sensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.

A.have

B.make C.displayD.bring答案為B項。句意:看,你電腦又壞了!為了節(jié)約幾美元去購置最廉價牌子電腦,這種做法不明智。make

sense是固定短語,意為“明智,合情合理,有道理”。5/26-6-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點四同一動詞和不一樣副詞或介詞組成短語辨析這類試題四個選項都是由同一個動詞加不一樣副詞或介詞組成。從歷年高考試題來看,那些搭配能力強(qiáng)、語義豐富慣用短語動詞是命題重點對象。要做好這類試題,一定要在了解語境基礎(chǔ)上,從語義邏輯、固定搭配、前后關(guān)系等角度去確定答案?！镜淅治觥?·天津卷,10)Tomhadto

theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.

A.turnin B.turndownC.turnover D.turnto答案為B項。句意:上個周末湯姆不得不拒絕了參加聚會邀請,因為他太忙了。turn

in“上交;償還”;turn

down“拒絕”;turn

over“移交,交給”;turn

to“轉(zhuǎn)向;求援于”。6/26-7-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點四不一樣動詞和同一副詞或介詞組成短語辨析這類試題四個選項是由不一樣動詞加相同介詞或副詞組成。要做好這類試題,首先還是要搞清題意,然后選出符合題意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)短語動詞。【典例分析】(·江蘇卷,30)Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshave

thankstothecomfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.

A.fallenoff B.takenoffC.turnedoff D.leftoff答案為B項。fall

off“跌落;降低”;take

off“起飛;突然成功”;turn

off“關(guān)掉”;leave

off“停頓,中止”。句意:因為商業(yè)創(chuàng)新環(huán)境適宜,很多由大學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)成功了。7/26-8-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點四(·江蘇卷,25)WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahas

thebestinherasadoctor.

A.heldout B.broughtoutC.pickedout D.givenout答案為B項。句意:在非洲與醫(yī)療團(tuán)體合作,突顯了她作為一名醫(yī)生最優(yōu)異一面。hold

out“伸出”;bring

out“使顯示”;pick

out“挑選”;give

out“分發(fā)”。故B項符合語境。8/26-9-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點四不一樣動詞組成短語動詞辨析這類試題四個選項是由四個不一樣動詞組成短語動詞。要做好這類試題,關(guān)鍵是依據(jù)題干意思,選出符合題意短語動詞?！镜淅治觥?·天津卷,5)Mr.andMrs.Brownwouldliketoseetheirdaughter

,getmarried,andhavekids.

A.settledown B.keepoffC.getup D.cutin答案為A項。句意:布朗夫婦想要看著他們女兒安定下來,結(jié)婚生子。settle

down“(在某地)定居下來,過安定生活”;keep

off“遠(yuǎn)離;避開”;get

up“起床”;cut

in“插嘴”。故選A項。9/26-10-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點四(·天津卷,14)Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I’malwaystoobusyto

aconversationwithher.

A.carryon B.breakintoC.turndown D.cutoff答案為A項。句意:我不喜歡她在我工作時給我打電話——我總是太忙,不能和她進(jìn)行會話。carry

on“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行;從事”;break

into“破門而入,闖進(jìn)”;turn

down“拒絕;調(diào)低”;cut

off“切斷,使隔絕”。故選A項。10/26-11-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點四“動詞+副詞/名詞+介詞”短語辨析要做好這類試題,搞清題意誠然主要,但還要注意該短語尾詞是介詞、副詞還是不定式符號to?！镜淅治觥?·江蘇卷,33)Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildrento

theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.

A.gainadmissionto B.keeptrackofC.takeadvantageof D.giveriseto答案為C項。gain

admission

to“獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入”,keep

track

of

“了解;與……保持聯(lián)絡(luò)”,take

advantage

of“利用”,give

rise

to“引發(fā),造成,造成”。句意:“父母應(yīng)該主動激勵孩子們把握住加入運(yùn)動隊機(jī)會”,故選C項。11/26-12-考點一考點二考點三考點五考點六考點四Anyway,we’reherenow,solet’s

someseriouswork.

A.comeupwith B.getdowntoC.doawaywith D.liveupto答案為B項?？疾槎陶Z動詞辨析。句意:不論怎么說,現(xiàn)在我們在這兒了,讓我們開始認(rèn)真干點正事。come

up

with

“提出”;get

down

to

“開始認(rèn)真地做某事”;do

away

with

“廢除,廢止”;live

up

to

“不辜負(fù)”。12/26-13-1.(·江蘇卷,30)Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp

youryearahead.

A.shape B.switchC.stretch D.sharpen解析

句意:在年底快速回顧一下一年以來成功和失敗將有利于規(guī)劃明年。shape“塑造”;switch“轉(zhuǎn)換”;stretch“伸展”;sharpen“使銳利”。故選A項。2.(·天津耀華中學(xué)二模,13)Don’tbe

byproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.

A.takenoff B.takenoutC.takenaway D.takenin解析

句意:不要被那些承諾讓你很快減輕體重產(chǎn)品坑騙。take

off“起飛;脫下;急忙離開”;take

out“取出;去掉;出發(fā)”;take

away“帶走;使離去”;take

in“吸收;領(lǐng)會;坑騙”。依據(jù)句意選D項。AD13/26-14-3.(·天津南開中學(xué)三模,5)MorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStates

fromtheBritishEmpireandbecameanindependentcountry.

A.gotoff B.pulleddownC.brokeaway D.droppedoff解析

句意:兩百多年前,美國脫離大英帝國統(tǒng)治,成為一個獨(dú)立國家。break

away“脫離”符合句意,故選C項。get

off“下車;動身”;pull

down“摧毀;推翻;拉下來”;drop

off“讓……下車;掉落”。C14/26-15-4.(·天津河?xùn)|區(qū)二模,7)Readerscan

quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.

A.getover B.getin

C.getalong D.getthrough解析

句意:讀者不需要知道每個詞意思就能順利讀懂。getover“克服;恢復(fù)”;get

in“進(jìn)入;滲透”;get

along

“與……和睦相處;進(jìn)展”;get

through“經(jīng)過;抵達(dá);接通電話”。依據(jù)句意可知選C項。5.(·天津第一中學(xué)第五次月考,10)Theyoungmanhadfloatedintheriverfornearlytwohoursbeforehewas

bythefisherman.

A.putup B.madeupC.pickedup D.broughtup解析

句意:漁民將這位年輕人撈起來之前,他已經(jīng)在河里漂浮了靠近兩個小時。put

up“建造;舉起;提供住宿”;make

up“組成;編造”;pick

up“撿起;救起;偶然學(xué)會”;bring

up“提出;撫養(yǎng);嘔吐”。故選C項。CC15/26-16-6.(·浙江卷,14)Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse,Idecidedtoapplyfortheonethat

myinterest.

A.limited B.reserved

C.reflected D.spoiled7.(·江蘇卷,25)Hedidnot

easily,butwaswillingtoacceptanyconstructiveadviceforaworthycause.

A.approach B.wrestleC.compromise D.communicateC解析句意:當(dāng)必須最終決定選擇一門課程時候,我決定申請能反應(yīng)我興趣那門課。reflect“反應(yīng);反射”,與句意相符。limit“限制”;reserve

“保留”;spoil“溺愛;毀壞”。故選C項。C解析approach“靠近,靠近”,wrestle“摔跤”,compromise“妥協(xié)”,communicate“溝通,交流”。由but前后分句語意對比判斷只有C項符合語境。句意:他不輕易妥協(xié),不過為了有價值事業(yè),他愿意接收任何建設(shè)性提議。16/26-17-8.Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedto

totheirgreatestpotential.

A.accelerate B.improveC.perform D.develop9.Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramsto

thecountry’sSilkRoadEconomicBelt.

A.applyto B.caterfor

C.appealto D.huntforD解析句意:學(xué)校應(yīng)該是活躍地方,在那里個體被勉勵發(fā)展到最大潛能。accelerate“加速”;improve“改進(jìn)”;perform“執(zhí)行,完成”;develop“發(fā)展”。依據(jù)句意應(yīng)選D項。B解析句意:這所大學(xué)創(chuàng)辦了一些新語言項目來滿足國家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展需要。apply

to“適合,適應(yīng);向……申請”;cater

for

“滿足需要,迎合”;appeal

to

“呼吁;吸引”;hunt

for

“搜尋”。B項符合句意。17/26-18-10.Thewholeteam

CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.

A.waiton B.focusonC.counton D.callonC解析句意:整個團(tuán)體都很信任克里斯蒂亞諾·羅納爾多,他也極少讓他們失望。wait

on“伺候,伺候”;focus

on“集中于,專注于”;count

on“依賴,依靠,信任”;call

on“號召”。C項符合句意。18/26-19-11.Inordernottobeheard,shepointedherfingerupwardsto_______thatsomeonewasmovingaboutupstairs.

A.whisper B.signalC.declare D.complain12.Thereisnodoubtthatthiscandidate’sadvantage

hisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.

A.leavesout B.goesagainst

C.liesin D.makesupB解析句意:為了不被人聽見,她豎起手指示意樓上有些人四處走動。whisper“低語,私語”;signal“示意,發(fā)信號”;declare“申明”;complain“埋怨”。依據(jù)句意可知選B項。C解析句意:毫無疑問,這位參賽選手優(yōu)勢在于他用英語與外國人交流能力。leave

out“省去;遺漏”;go

against“反對,違反”;lie

in“因為,在于”;make

up“組成;填補(bǔ);化裝”。依據(jù)句意可知選C項。19/26-20-13.Don’tworry.I’msureyourmissingglasseswill

soonerorlater.

A.standout B.breakupC.getout D.turnup14.Ifyouleavetheclub,youwillnotbe

backin.

A.received B.admittedC.turned D.movedD解析句意:不用擔(dān)心。我相信你丟失眼鏡遲早會找到。stand

out“突出;顯眼”;break

up“分解;破裂”;get

out“離開,出去”;turn

up“調(diào)高;出現(xiàn);找到”。依據(jù)句意可知選D項。B解析句意:假如你離開這家俱樂部,你就不許回來了。receive“接收”;admit“允許……進(jìn)入;認(rèn)可”;turn“轉(zhuǎn)身;變得”;move“移動”。20/26-21-15.Thegoodthingaboutthechildrenisthatthey

veryeasilytonewenvironments.

A.adapt B.appealC.attach D.apply16.Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoon

thecaseofthetwomissingchildren.

A.lookupon B.lookafterC.lookinto D.lookoutA解析句意:孩子們一個好方面是他們非常輕易適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。adapt

to“適應(yīng)”;appeal

to“吸引”;attach

to“依附于”;apply

to“應(yīng)用于”。C解析句意:據(jù)報道,警方很快就會調(diào)查兩個失蹤兒童案件了。look

upon“對待”;look

after“照看”;look

into“調(diào)查”;look

out“小心”。21/26-22-17.Ifyouareintrouble,don’t

toaskMikeforhelp;heisalwayswillingtolendahand.

A.dream B.appeal

C.hesitate D.bend18.—Couldyoudomeafavorandtypethereport?—Sorry.I’mtoobusyanddon’thaveanytimeto

.

A.save B.balance

C.spare D.shareC解析句意:假如你有麻煩,別猶豫,直接找邁克尋求幫助。他總是很愿意幫忙。dream“夢想”;appeal

“呼吁”;hesitate

“猶豫”;bend“俯身”。依據(jù)句意可知選C項。C解析句意:——你能夠幫我一下,把這份匯報打印出來嗎?——對不起,我太忙了,抽不出時間。save“節(jié)約”;balance“平衡”;spare“抽出,分出”;share“共享”。22/26-23-19.Hewas

forthejobvacancybecausehecouldn’tbeontimeevenfortheinterview.

A.objected B.discouragedC.opposed D.rejectedD解析句意:他被拒絕來補(bǔ)上這一職位空缺,因為他連面試都不能按時抵達(dá)。object“反對”;discourage“使……泄氣”;oppose“反對”;reject“拒絕”。23/26-24-20.Officialsstatedthatalargenumberofflightshadtobe________becauseofthebadweather.

A.cutoff B.brokenoffC.setoff D.putoff21.Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe

whenyouarecamping.

A.putupwith B.comeupwithC.keptupwith D.caughtupwithD解析句意:官方申明,因為天氣不好,大量航班必須推遲。cut

off“切斷”;break

off“突然中止”,沒有被動語態(tài);set

off“出發(fā)”;put

off“推遲”。A解析句意:當(dāng)你野營時,有許多不方便你必須忍受。put

up

with“忍受”;come

up

with“提出;想出”;keep