新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)課件3：Discovering Useful Structure

Restrictiverelativeclauses(2)Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldDiscoveringUsefulStructures語(yǔ)法思考：定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有哪些？關(guān)系副詞判定依據(jù)是什么？本節(jié)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)讀在句子中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分。定語(yǔ)從句還叫做嵌入句，因形容詞定語(yǔ)，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句。定語(yǔ)從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),whom(賓語(yǔ))，that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),whose(定語(yǔ))that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),which(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),whose(定語(yǔ))where(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))when(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))why(原因狀語(yǔ))

如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞1.找出定語(yǔ)從句中是否主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全。如齊全用關(guān)系副詞。用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。Iwillneverforgetthedays(_____Istayedwithyou).whenJurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentkindsofdinosaurs).where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud).whenDoyourememberthelake_______(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）where2.如定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物動(dòng)詞，如是，用關(guān)系代詞，如不是，用關(guān)系副詞。Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive).whereinwhichThehouse_________(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.which/thatLuckilynoneofthepeople_____________(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.who/whom/thatMyfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout).inwhichwhen3.如定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday______(newChinawasfounded).whenThewindow(_________wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.which/thatThemeeting(_________willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.which/that

定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞的使用精講1.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系副詞有：

when,where,why2.關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的成份：

關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中都作狀語(yǔ)。

when作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；where作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；why作原因狀語(yǔ)。Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.

IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，意為onthedaywhere作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，意為intheplacewhy作原因狀語(yǔ)，意為forthereason3.并非先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞時(shí)都用when,where,why，若先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中不作狀語(yǔ)，而是作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，就必須用which或that。如：

Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.which在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)比較:Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于onthedays。Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.

Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.Thisisthehouse(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/where

wecanswim.關(guān)系副詞where【即學(xué)即練】1.Thisisthefactory________Ivisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthefactory_______Iworkedlastyear.3.Thisisthefactory_______producesallkindsofTVsets.A.where B.which C.whom D.whose【答案】1和3選B.which。2選A.where?！窘馕觥孔鲞@種題時(shí)，要看先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。1.中是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即Ivisitedthefactory，因此選which；2.中factory應(yīng)在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，即：Iworkedinthefactory，因此選where；3.中是作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，不作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此選which。They’llneverforgetJuly1_____HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays______weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.when=onwhichwhen=onwhich關(guān)系副詞when試比較：Doyoustillremembertheday___________wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?(which/that)whenwhen【即學(xué)即練】1.Iwillneverforgettheday_______wespenttogether.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogether.A.which B.when C.where D.what【即學(xué)即練】ABwhy在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞for+關(guān)系代詞which”。如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.關(guān)系副詞why關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來(lái)替代。如：when=in/on/at/during…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which總結(jié)

介詞的位置介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.Thefilm(____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.Thepainting(________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(___________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(__________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace______________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday______________(Ifirstmetyouontheship).when/onwhichduringwhich結(jié)論：只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用關(guān)系副詞代替?！炯磳W(xué)即練】

介詞的選用原則1.Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepenwhichheiswritingwithnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thegaswhichwecannotlivewithoutiscalledoxygen.preposition+relativepronounsThepen_________heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas____________wecannotliveiscalledoxygenTheperson________youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.towhomwithwhichwithoutwhich根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)決定。如：①Thisisthebookonwhich

Ispent8yuan.

②Thisisthebookforwhich

Ipaid8yuan.

spendmoneyonsth.為固定搭配paymoneyforsth.為固定搭配2)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來(lái)決定。如：①IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.②IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.③IrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedthere.強(qiáng)調(diào)在具體某一天要用介詞on強(qiáng)調(diào)在某幾天時(shí)間內(nèi)要用介詞during在month前介詞要用in3)根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。

Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?4)根據(jù)從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。

Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhich

I’mnotsure？5)含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。

如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。如：①Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.

這是我正在找的手表。

ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.正誤②Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.

那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。

Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.正誤6)以theway為先行詞的限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常由inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。如：

Theway

(that/inwhich/--)

heansweredthequestionswassurprising.

他回答這些問(wèn)題的方式令人驚奇。

Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhich/--)

youlaughather.

我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子。7)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前或后還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothof

whom

areverykindtohim.

他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。②Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)havegonebad.

籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。③Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefrombigcities.

我們班總共有40個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。④Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhich(=ofwhichthree)areaboutcountrylife.

迄今為止，他寫了10部小說(shuō)，其中三部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。Haveyoumettheperson___________hewasspeaking?Heistheman________youcanturnforhelp.Thefarm____