2021年上海市初三中考沖刺閱讀專題講義-首字母填空 (學生版)

英語學科講義首字母填空首字母填空知識梳理：首字母填空專項訓練一、首字母填空解題技巧：1.通讀短文，了解大意；2.判斷句子成分；3.確定空格單詞詞性；4.聯(lián)系上下文，找線索，推測答案；5.通讀短文，檢查答案。注意語法問題；二、解題技巧詳解從句子成分角度分析一個句子一般由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主語部分和謂語部分，這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語，定語，狀語，表語、同位語、補語等。對主語的判斷：做主語詞性主要為：名詞，代詞，動名詞。注意名詞單復數(shù)。【隨堂測練1】TheI________bringsuscloserthanbefore.Doingsomer________beforethetestisnecessary.Threer________happenedyesterday.Buttodayalltherobbershavebeencaughtbythepolice.Thechildrenareallworkingintheclassroom.Someofthemarecleaningthewindowsando_______aresweepingthefloor.

此外，形容詞前加the也可作主語。eg:Thericharenotalwayshappy.句中therich指“有錢人”，因此可以作主語。對謂語的判斷：做謂語詞性主要為：動詞。注意時態(tài)的問題。【隨堂測練2】Mymumalwayse________metobeabraveboywhenIwasyoung.ThiskindofnewmobilephonecostssomuchthatIcanhardlya________one.Knowingmorethanonelanguagei________yourknowledgeofothercultures.Thestudentsinourschoolalwaysc________aboutthefood.時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時：要考慮動詞的三單形式一般過去時：要考慮動詞的過去式現(xiàn)在進行時：考慮動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式現(xiàn)在完成時：要考慮動詞的過去分詞的形式對賓語的判斷:做賓語詞性主要為：主要為名詞，代詞，動名詞?！倦S堂測練3】Thedoctorsarebusyo________ontheseriouslyinjuredmanatthemoment.Ifyoufeelnervous,takeadeepb________andI'msureyou'llfeelbetter.Hehadtomakeac________betweenstudyinginShanghaiandgoingabroad.Ifyoumeetwithanyd________,youcanaskmeforhelp.對表語的判斷:做表語詞性主要為：形容詞，名詞,介詞短語。如果是動詞的適當形式作表語，動詞必須改成todo,doing或done的形式。注意形容詞比較級和最高級?！倦S堂測練4】Heisp________ofhisdaughter,forshealwaysgetsAgradesinallsubjects.Thesickmanisgettingw________.Maybehewilldiesoon.Suchcoldweatherisquiteu________inMayandpeoplehavetowearwarmclothesagain.Shewasa________abigprizeforherhardwork.對定語的判斷:做定語詞性主要為：形容詞，序數(shù)詞，介詞短語。如果是動詞的適當形式作定語，動詞必須改成todo,doing或done的形式。注意形容詞比較級和最高級?！倦S堂測練5】I’vebeenusedtothec________weatherinLondon.ThevisittoChongmingIslandwasreallyu________,itleftusasweetmemory.That’sonlymyp________opinion.Everyoneiswelcometoshareyours.TheFrenchartistsaid,“Itismyf_______timetovisitShanghai.Ilovethiscitysomuch.”對狀語的判斷:做狀語詞性主要為：副詞，介詞。如果是動詞的適當形式作狀語，動詞必須改成todo,doing或done的形式?！倦S堂測練6】TheoldladycouldhardlybelievethatshehadgotthetravelpasstoHongKongsoe________.Sheremembereditwashard.IthoughtIwaswrong.A________,itisawisedecision.B________,youneedtomakeupastory.Canyouwriteyourownone?Asyouclimb,yourpartnerpullsyouclimbingropet________somethingcalleda

belaydevice

(繩索控制器).對連詞的判斷:并列連詞and,but,or,so,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,aswellas,both…and等連接并列的詞,詞組和句子;從屬連詞although/though/because/if/unless/when/until/after/before/as/...等連接從句。因此，首字母中一個句子中有從句的話，就考慮從屬連詞?！倦S堂測練7】Workharder,a________you’llmakegreatprogressinEnglish.Myjobistoprotecttheinnocentaswella________findtheguilty.A________WaltDisneymademanyofhismostfamousmoviesmanyyearsago,theyareaspopularnowastheywerewhenhemadethem.Youwillfailintheexamu________youstudyharderthanbefore.其他做題思路：依據(jù)習慣用法與固定搭配進行填詞：如:W________hishelp,theoldmanwassafe.Theboythankedhimverymuch.從句意我們就知道是“在他的幫助下”，withhishelp.依據(jù)語法知識進行填詞：如:Thesepeopleoftenhavethinwallswhichcan’ts________thenoisefromnextdoor.根據(jù)句意我們了解道墻壁很薄，所以不能阻止隔壁的噪音。根據(jù)中考詞組“stop…from”，所以填stop。依據(jù)常識的積累進行填詞：如:Butitwastoolate.Hisfriendwasveryangry.Mr.Whitesaidnothingbutonlyoneword“S________.”Mr.White遲到了，他的朋友很生氣，他什么都沒說，只說了一個字“S

.”我們根據(jù)常識肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.依據(jù)邏輯推理與句意理解進行填詞：如：OneSundayafternoon,Mr.Whitedrovehisnewcartohisfriend’shousehappily.Hewantedtop________

hisfriendupatfiveandthenwenttoseeanewmovietogether.根據(jù)句意，Mr.White高興地開著車去他的朋友家，然后一起去看電影，我們可以進行邏輯推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.三、通關(guān)秘籍：四、典型案例分析：2018年靜安區(qū)二模There’snoplacelikehomeSomepeopledreamofhavingahome‘justliketheonesindecoratingmagazines’.Thatsortofbeautifullystylishhomemayben81,butforatrulyspecialplacetolive,whynotchooseahomeunlikeanyotherintheneighbourhood?Theunique(獨一無二的)housesonthesepageschallengepeopletoreconsiderwhatahomeiss82tolooklike.Environmentallyfriendlyhomesaregettingalotofa83thesedays.Earthships,forexample,areunusualhomesmadefrommaterialslikemud,strawandreusedwood.Thedesignersofearthshipscombinethesenaturalmaterialswithrecycledi84,suchasbottles,cansandoldtyres.Thesehomesshowtheirbeliefthat,whenitcomestosavingtheenvironment,‘ifyouaren’tpartofthesolution,you’repartoftheproblem.’Additionallymanyofthesehomesusewindorsolarpower.Theyaredesignedtocollectandrecyclewater,andthepeoplewholiveinthemoftenaddagreenhouseinwhichtogrowfood.Asaresult,ifyouliveinanearthship,yourmonthlylivingcostswilld85toalmostzero.Forpeoplewhowanttotryoneout,thePhoenixEarthshipintheUSisavailableasholidayaccommodation(住宿).Shippingcontainersarenowbeingreusedtomakea86typeofenvironmentallyfriendlyhome.Anumberofarchitectshavestartedchangingindividualcontainersintoholidayhomes.Alternativelytheycanbecombinedtomakeofficeblocksandblocksofflats,suchasthoseContainerCityinLondon,England.Withalloftheexamplesofimaginativehomes,itisclearthatpeoplenolongerneedtosettleforordinarylivingspaces.Onethingissure:peoplelivinginhomesthatlookass87astheseneverhavetogiveanyonetheiraddress.Theycanjustsay,‘Lookfortheweirdhouse.Youwillknowitwhenyouseeit.’強化練習：(基礎篇)2018年普陀區(qū)二模C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)(14分)Whenchildrenplaygames,theydon’tneedareferee(裁判).Theyhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomfinditnecessarytokeepscoresbecausetheydon’tworryaboutwhowinsorloses.Theyevendon’tc81ifthegameisnotfinished.Yet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheira82arenotsoimportant.Theyalsoenjoygamesthatmoveinstagesinwhichtheychooseleadersandpickupsides.Grown-upsr83findchildren’sgamesexciting,andtheyoftenfeelpuzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegamesagainandagain.However,itisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforsomeimportantr84.Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingau85partnertosomeonewhoismorepopularinreallife.Whenitishisturntobetheleader,everyonefollowshisorders.Thismakeshimfeelmorec86.Itseemsthatwhenchildrenplayagame,theyi87asituationundertheircontrol.Unlikereallife,inthissituationtheymaketherulesthemselves,andmoreimportantly,everyoneplaysaccordingtotherules.Thoserulesmaybechildish,buttheymakesurethateverychildhasachancetowin.(2)2018年虹口區(qū)二模C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)(14分)TheriseoftheEmoji(表情符號)Happy,angry,amazed－thesearesomeoftheemotionsweliketoexpressthesedayswhenwe’resendingamessageonourmobilephones.We’realsousingthemasaquickwayoftellingsomeonehowwe’ref________(81).Yes,emojishavebecomeaveryimportanttoolforcommunication.Let’sclearonethingupfirst－thereareemojisandemoticons.Thelatterarelittleimageswhicharemadeusingnormalkeysonakeyboard.Forexample,acolon(冒號),twodots,followedbyaclosebracket(右括號)isa“smileyface”.Butastechnologyhasimproved,manyimageshavebeencreatedandtheycanbesimplya________(82)toyourmessages,whichisgreat!TheemojiwasfirstinventedinJapaninthelate1990sandtheword“emoji”comesfromtheJapanesewordsfor“picture”and“character”.Thenumberofdifferentimageshasgreatlyi________(83)sincethen.Nowwehaveapictureofeverymoodorsituation.Anothera________(84)ofemojisisthattheyareaninternationallanguage－theydon’tusewordbuttellamessageinpictorialformsotheycanbee________(85)translatedwhateveryournativelanguageis.However,theemojisyousendneedsomethoughtastheycansometimesbemisunderstood.Ifafriendsendsyouanemojiofahammer(錘),youmaythinkheisangrywhenreallyheiss________(86)hehashurt!ButasLinguistNeilCohnsays,“Tomany,emojisareanexcitingdevelopmentofthewaywecommunicate;toothers,theyarelinguisticdecline(語言的衰退).”Itshowsthereisalotmoretoourcommunicationthanwordsa________(87),butdoesthismeanthedeclineintraditionalwriting?(3)2018年長寧區(qū)二模C.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給)(14分)IrelyalotonmyphonetohelpmewhenIstudyinAmerica.HerearesomeofthemostusefulappsIhaveusedbutneverpaidfor!CalendarAllphonescomewithaninbuiltcalendarapp.I’vefoundmyselfusingtheappquitealotrecently.Itisimportanttoknowyourdatewhenp81aweekendaway.ItisalsocomfortingtochecktheappwhenI’mfeelinghomesick–ithelpstoremindmethatIwillbehomesoon,soIshouldmakethemostofmytimea82.GoogleTranslateIt’sthatmomentwhenthewordisonthetipofyourtongue,butyoujustcan’tr83it!Don’tworry;GoogleTranslatecanlendyouahand!Justmakesureyoudouble-checkifyouaretranslatinglongertexts,asthesoftwaredoesmakesomeveryhumorousm84!GmailPersonally,IreallyliketheGmailappbecauseitautomaticallyputsemails,basedondifferentitems,intodifferentcategories.Theimportantmailgoesstraighttomyinbox(信箱),whilel85importantmailisputintoothercategories.HeadspaceAfteranexhaustingdayofwork,Ineededawaytohelpcalmandfocusmymind.ThisishowIfoundHeadspace.Signupforfreetotrysomeeasymeditations(冥想)–theyonlytaketenminutes.I’vefoundthemagreatwaytorelaxa86astressfulday.TripAdvisorWhenexploringanewtown,it’sgoodtoknowthebestplacestoeatandthemostinterestingattractionstosee.IalwaysturntoTripAdvisorforinformation.Here,youcanfindhotels,restaurantsandattractionswhicharel87togetherwithothervisitors’ratings(等級)andcomments.Itmakesitaloteasiertochooseagoodhotel.(4)2018年黃浦區(qū)二模C.Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）:（14分）Gradesareimportant,buttheyarenottheonlymeasure.Ihavecometounderstandthatexamgradesarenottheonlypurposeofschools,andgradesa81arenotenough.Studiesshowthatsomeofthehigh-flyingstudentshavetroubledlives,findingitdifficulttogetgoodjobsorbecomegreatparentsorpartners.A82graduation,studentscometorealizewhattheyhavelearnedatschoolhasnotreallypreparedthemforthenextstep.Increasingly,teachersaregettingtoknowtheideaof“l(fā)earningfromourfailures.”Ifyou’veneverfailedatanything,you’vecertainlynevert83anythingnew.Examgradesareimportantandweencourageallstudentstoaimhighandtodowell.Buttheydon’tm84success.IonceaskedmystudentstoconsiderthechefGordonRamsay,andhowhebecamesosuccessful.Theyweresurprisedtofindthathedidn’thaveagoodperformanceatschoolandhedidn’ts85becomeagreatchef.Inaninterview,heexplainedthatheworkedlonghoursforverylittlemoney,learningeverythinghecould.Hetookchanceseveniftheyseemedi86.Hemademistakesbuthecheeredhimselfupandmovedforward.Hissuccessdidn’tcomefromgrades,itcamefromhischaracter:courage,effortandconfidence.Weshoulddevelopsocialskillsthroughthewholeschoolasanimportantp87oflearning.Thisiswhythereisafocusonperformance,sportandotheractivities.Theselifeskillswillworkhand-in-handwithknowledgetoenablestudentstodowellintheirfuturelife.小結(jié)：課后作業(yè)：(提高篇)2020楊浦一模C.Fillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）ArareexperienceImaginethesituation.You’rewalkingdownthecrowdedhighstreetands___56___acompletestrangerstopsyouandsays,“Hi!YouwereonthebeachinthesouthofSpainsixyearsago.Howareyoudoing?”Thisstrangerisn’tnecessarilym___57___.Heorshemightbea“super-recogniser”.Thesearepeoplewhohavetheunusualabilitytorecognisepeopletheyhaveseenonlyonce--alongtimeago,maybeinacrowed.WhateverthedifferencesinlooksItdoesn’tmatterwhatthepersonlookslikenow.Peoplechange,getdifferenthairstyles,dyetheirhairorgogrey.Wrinkles,newglassesandmakeupsgivethemnewa___58___,butthe“super-recognisers”canstillrecognisethem.AninbornskillAlthoughscientistshaveknownforalongtimethatabout2%ofpeoplesufferfromface-blindness,whichmeansthattheyhavehugeproblemsrecognisingfaces,theyareonlynewrealisingthatsomepeoplearetheexacto___59___.Testshaveshownthata“super-recogniser”canidentifypeoplethattheyonlysawforabriefmoment--andthisisnotanabilitythatwecand____60____,it’ssomethingwearebornwith.Agreath___61___Thepolicearestartingtouse“super-recognisers”tospotcriminalfacesinvideosofcrowds.Theylookforpeoplewithaspecificbuildandfacialfeatureslikebeardsandmoustachesbuttheycanevenrecognisequiteo___62___people,withnonoticeablefeaturesatall.AswellassurprisingourholidaymakerinSpainsixyearslater,thisabilitycanbeusedforaverypracticalpurposeindeed.2020閔行一模Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）Idon’tbelieveit!It’s11p.m.andI’mstillsittingherewritingthisarticlefortheschoolmagazine!I’vehadtwoweekstowriteitandmyteacherwantsittomorrow.She’salwaysc____56____thatIleavethingstothelastminute.Maybeshe’sright.Amonthago,Imadeupmymindtobemoreefficientthisyearandnottoleavethingtothelastminute.ButI’vefailed.I’vealsobeentryingtogetfitterforfourweeksnow.I’vestartedgoingtothegym.I’vetakenupkaratelessonsandI’vechangedmydiet.I’veevenbeengoingtobedearlier.ButI’mnotfeelinganyfitter.Ifeltjustalittleu____57____.Imissmybadhabits.Whyisleadingabetterlifesohard?I’vejustreadanarticleonawebsiteandI’vefoundoutthatitisn’tmyfault!Infact,itisn’tanyone’sfault!It’sourbrains.They’reprogrammed,therefore,itisdifficulttobreakbadhabits.There’snothingwecando.Scientistshavedoneexperimentsthatshowweuseonepartofourbrainwhenwethinkabouto____58____andanotherwhenwethinkaboutotherpeople.However,whenwethinkaboutthe‘futureus’,weusethepartofthebrainthatweusuallyusetothinkaboutotherpeople.Inotherwords,thebrainseesthe‘futureyou’asadifferentpersontoyour‘presentyou’.Andthat’swhywedon’talwaysfinditeasytomakesensibled____59____inthefuturewhenwefacedifficulties.Butthat’snotall.Scientistshavealsofoundoutthatittakesaroundtenweekstoformagoodhabit.Forexample,ifIwanttokeepfit,it’sgoingtotakemetenweekstogotothegymandthenitwillbecomeanautomaticpartofmylife.That’sbecausetenweeksistheamountoftimethebrainneedstochangeanda____60____newwaysofbehaviorasapartofeverydaylife.Thegoodnewsisthatonceyoumakeittotenweeks,everythingbecomesmucheasier.Thebadnewsisthattenweeksisareallylongtime,soit’seasytogiveupon（打消）yourgoodplans_____61_____Sothereyouare.Maybewewanttochangeourwaysandbecomebetterpeoplebutourbrainswon’tletus.oristhisjustane____62____?Look!I’vefinishedmyarticleontime.Anythingispossible!2020徐匯一模Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給):Ifyouhaveeverhadtroubledoingthingsyoushoulddoorwouldliketodo,youhaveexperiencedpr