Unit3BacktothePastExtendedreading知識(shí)點(diǎn)課件-高中英語(yǔ)譯林版（2020）選擇性

XB3Unit3ExtendedReading單詞解析&文章翻譯1.helln.地獄2.abordprep.&adv.在(車(chē)、船、飛機(jī)）上;上(車(chē)、船、飛機(jī)等)boardv.上(車(chē)、船、飛機(jī)等)n.木板；膳食；董事會(huì)onboard在船上abroadadj.在國(guó)外，到國(guó)外goaboard上船；上飛機(jī)

athomeandabroad在國(guó)內(nèi)外3.rubvt.&vi.擦，磨，搓；(使)相互摩擦4.washroomn.洗手間。廁所5.uniformn.制服；隊(duì)服adj.一致的，統(tǒng)一的

6.violentlyadv.猛烈地，厲害地→violentadj．強(qiáng)烈的，暴力的→violencen.暴力7.eaglen.雕8.divevi.n.俯沖，跳水→diver(n.)潛水員，跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)員diveintotheriver跳進(jìn)河里godiving去潛水9.thundervi.轟隆隆地響；打雷n.雷，

雷聲thunderousadj雷鳴般的，聲音很大的；面色陰沉的，怒氣沖沖的；重大的，強(qiáng)有力的10.freezevi.&vt.(froze,frozen)

突然停止，呆??；結(jié)冰；凍僵freezingadj.冰點(diǎn)以下的，結(jié)冰的；極冷的frozenadj.結(jié)冰的，凍僵的，冷凍的；嚇呆的freezern.冰箱；冷凍庫(kù)freezeup(突然)呆住；凍住freezetodeath凍死befrozentodeath被凍死11.deckn.甲板，艙面12.meanwhileadv.同時(shí)；其間；對(duì)比之下

n．其間，其時(shí)(＝meantime)forthemeanwhile一會(huì)兒，暫時(shí)inthemeanwhile/meantime在此期間；與此同時(shí)13.dragvt.拖，拉；緩慢而費(fèi)力地移動(dòng)；過(guò)得很慢dragyourfeet/heels故意拖拉；故意延遲(作出決定)dragoneselfoutofbed費(fèi)力地起床14.chaosn.混亂，雜亂inchaos混亂；紛亂15.navyn.海軍，海軍部隊(duì)16.bleedvi.(bled,bled)失血，流血bleedingadj.流血的；流血，失血bloodn.血bledtodeath流血致死17.hatchvt.密謀，策劃；使孵出

vi.孵化；孵出hatchout

孵出；策劃hatchaplan

制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃18.plotn.陰謀；故事情節(jié)vi.&vt.密謀19.infamyn.臭名昭著，聲名狼藉；惡行，罪惡→famen.名聲；聲譽(yù)；名氣→famousadj.著名的；出名的→infamousadj.臭名昭著的，名聲狼藉的20.sinkvi.&vt.(sank,sunk)下沉，沉沒(méi)；坐下；降低sinkingn.沉沒(méi)

adj.下沉的withasinkingfeeling有一種沮喪的感覺(jué)besunkinthought陷入深思中21.memorialn.紀(jì)念碑(或像等)；紀(jì)念物memorizev.記住memoryn.記憶力inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念22.prayvi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈禱，禱告prayern．禱告，祈禱(文)prayforsth.

企盼pray(tosb)forsb/sth

祈禱；懇求23.episoden.一段經(jīng)歷，片段；一集24.textilen.紡織品；textiles紡織業(yè)25.reformvt.改進(jìn)，改良，改革

n.改革，改良24.textilen.紡織品；textiles紡織業(yè)25.reformvt.改進(jìn)，改良，改革

n.改革，改良26.outputn.產(chǎn)量，輸出量

inputn.輸入量27.clothn.織物，布料clothev.給...穿衣clothesn.衣服,服裝28.shiftn.改變，轉(zhuǎn)移；輪班vi.&vt.(使)移動(dòng)，(使)轉(zhuǎn)移；改變ashiftinsth.某方面的轉(zhuǎn)變hift...from...to...把……從……移動(dòng)/搬到……workinginshifts輪班工作29.cottagen.小屋，村舍

cottageindustry家庭手工業(yè)HellcomestoPearlHarborB6U3ExtendedReadingLeadinWhatdoyouknowaboutPearlHarborPearlHarborislocatedinHawaii,theUnitedStates,whichisfamousforthe“AttackonPearlHarbor”duringtheWorldWarII.LeadinParticipants:Date:Result:WhatdoyouknowabouttheattackofPearlHarborDecember7,1941AmericaenteredWorldWarIIJapan,UnitedStatesWatchamovieclipabouttheevent.WhatdoyouthinkthepassagetalksaboutaccordingtothetitleMaybesomethingextremelyterriblehappenedatPearlHarbor

becausetheword

“hell”

usuallyreferstoaveryunpleasant

experienceorsituationinwhichpeoplesufferverymuch.Self-studyFigureoutthemainideaandstructureofthearticle.Part1___________BeforetheattackPart2_____________DuringtheattackPart3_____________AftertheattackPart4__________Today(Paras.2–4)(Paras.5–6)Mainidea:

(Para.1)

(Para.7)Guidance&ExplorationScanningThearticlemainlytalksabouttheattackonPearlHarbor.ScanningThetextisorganizedintheorderof______.timePara1BeforetheattackPara2-4DuringtheattackPara5-6AftertheattackPara7PresentWhilereading,payattentiontothelinkingwordsthatindicatethetimeorder.historicalevents:thechronologicalorder

/?kr?n??l?d??kl/按發(fā)生時(shí)間順序排列的SkimmingBeforetheattackWhen5:45a.m.,Sunday,December,1941WhereWhowarshipUSSArizona

WhatSeamanRussell;

QuartermasterLousisConterawakenby...,madehisbed,cleaned...,wenttothewashroom,

dressedintheiruniforms,

satdowntobreakfast

Q1:HowdoestheauthordescribetheattackbyusingvarioussensesinPara.2SkimmingDuringtheattackhearing:seeing:

feeling:therewasahugecrashingsoundfromabove.(Lines7–8)Thescreamoftheplanes’engineswasdeafening.(Lines10–11)Asbombsthunderedallround.(Line11)Abovetheirheads,hundredsofJapaneseplanescircledlikeeagles.TheyweredivingdowntodropbombsonPearlHarbor.Cloudsofblacksmokeroseintotheskyandhungoverthesea.Theshipshookviolently,andthemenlookedateachotherinhorror.Russelfelthisbloodfreeze,buthequicklycametohimself.Q2:Whatarethewar’sphysicalandmentalimpactsonindividuals？PhysicalimpactsMentalimpactsSkimmingDuringtheattacknumberofdeaths:numberofinjury:losses:PearlHarborspeech:morethan2,000Americanpeople,includingover1,000peopleaboardtheArizonaover1,000peopleNearly20Americanshipsandover180airplanesweredestroyedSkimmingAftertheattackQ3:WhatconsequencesdidtheattackleadtodescribingDecember7as“adatewhichwillliveininfamy”anddeclaringwaronJapanItwasSunday,December7,1941.Asusual,thewake-upcallcameat5:45a.m.ThemenaboardthewarshipUSSArizonastretchedandrubbedtheireyes.SeamanRussellWarrinerwasawakenedbyQuartermasterLouisConter.Russellmadehisbedandhelpedcleanthehuge,sharedroom.Themenwenttothewashroom,dressedintheiruniformsandsatdowntobreakfast.Itlookedlikeitwouldbeanormaldayonboardtheship.那是1941年12月7日，星期天。和往常一樣，起床號(hào)在早上5點(diǎn)45分響起。美國(guó)“亞利桑那號(hào)”戰(zhàn)列艦上的人伸了伸懶腰，揉了揉眼睛。軍需官路易?孔泰叫醒了海員拉塞爾?沃里納。拉塞爾整理了床鋪，還幫忙打掃了這個(gè)巨大的共用房間。人們走進(jìn)盥洗室，穿上制服，然后坐下來(lái)吃早飯。看起這將是船上平常的一天。Butnobodyatetheirbreakfast:atthatmoment,therewasahugecrashingsoundfromabove.Theshipshookviolentlyandthemenlookedateachotherinhorror.Abovetheirheads,hundredsofJapaneseplanescircledlikeeagles.TheyweredivingdowntodropbombsonPearlHarbor.Thescreamoftheirengineswasdeafening.Asbombsthunderedallaround,cloudsofblacksmokeroseintotheskyandhungoverthesea.但是沒(méi)有人吃早飯:就在那時(shí)，上面?zhèn)鱽?lái)一聲巨響。船劇烈地?fù)u晃著，船員們驚恐地面面相覷。在他們頭頂上，數(shù)百架日本飛機(jī)像鷹一樣盤(pán)旋，它們俯沖下來(lái)把炸彈投到珍珠港。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)出的轟鳴聲震耳欲聾。炸彈在各處炸響，黑煙形成云，升上空并籠平著大海。Russellfelthisbloodfreeze,buthequicklycametohimselfandrusheduptothedeck.Momentslater,abombhittheUSSArizonaandRussellwasthrownmorethan100metersacrosstheship.Hesufferedseriousburnsonhishands,armsandlegs,andwatchedmanyofhisfriendsdie.拉塞爾覺(jué)得自己的血都凝固了，但他立馬反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)，沖到甲板上。片刻之后，一枚炸彈擊中了美國(guó)“亞利桑那號(hào)”戰(zhàn)艦，拉塞爾被炸到100多米開(kāi)外。他的手、胳膊和腿被嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?，眼睜睜地看著許多朋友死去。Louis,meanwhile,alsostandingonthedeck,wasluckynottobethrownintothesea.Withonlyminorinjuries,hewasabletohelpotherswhowereseverelyburntandinterriblepain.Afterreceivingtheordertoabandonship,Louissavedmoremenfromthewater,draggingthemintothelifeboat.此時(shí)，路易也站在甲板上，很幸運(yùn)沒(méi)有被炸進(jìn)海里。他只受了輕傷，還能幫助那些嚴(yán)重?zé)齻?、病苦不堪的人。在接到棄船的命令后，路易從水中救出了更多的人，把他們拖上了救生艇。Inthechaosandconfusionaftertheattack,theUSNavysentamessagetohisfamilythatLouishadbeenkilledintheattack.Luckily,hewasabletogetintouchwiththembeforethemessagearrived.Despitehisremarkableactions,Louisdidnotthinkthathewasahero.“Theheroesaretheonesthatgavetheirlivesthatday,”hesaid.發(fā)生襲擊后一片混亂，美國(guó)海軍給路易的家人發(fā)送了條消息，稱路易已經(jīng)在襲擊中喪生。幸運(yùn)的是，他在這則消息到家之前已經(jīng)與家人取得了聯(lián)系。路易雖然做出了非凡的舉動(dòng)，但他并不認(rèn)為自己是英雄。“英雄是那些在那天獻(xiàn)出生命的人，”他說(shuō)。Russellwassavedfromthewater,buthewasbadlyburnt,bleedingheavily.Fortunately,hewastakentohospitalandsurvived.Formanyyears,Russellrefusedtotalkaboutwhathappenedthatmorning,describingitsimplyas“hell”.HiswifeElsasaid,“Whenheopeneduplateron,healwaysmentionedthehorrorofit.”拉塞爾被從海里救了出來(lái)，但他被嚴(yán)重?zé)齻罅砍鲅?。幸運(yùn)的是，他被送醫(yī)院并活了下來(lái)。多年來(lái)，拉塞爾一直拒絕談?wù)撃翘煸缟习l(fā)生的事情，只是簡(jiǎn)單地把它描述為“地獄”。他的妻子埃爾莎說(shuō):“后來(lái)他敞開(kāi)心扉時(shí)，總是提到那次襲擊多么可怕?！盠ouisandRussellwouldneverforgettheterriblesceneoftheattack,buttheywerefortunateenoughtobeamongthefewsurvivorsfromtheArizona.Nobodyhadexpectedthebombing.JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarbor,sotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwarontheUnitedStates.路易和拉塞爾永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記受襲擊時(shí)的可怕場(chǎng)面，但他們足夠幸運(yùn)，是“亞利桑那號(hào)”的少數(shù)幸存者。沒(méi)有人料到會(huì)有空襲。日本策劃了突襲珍珠港的陰謀，所以對(duì)這次襲擊沒(méi)有發(fā)出任何警告，也沒(méi)有對(duì)美國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)。Theattackdestroyednearly20Americanshipsandover180airplanes.Intotal,morethan2,000Americanpeoplewerekilledandover1,000otherswerewoundedthatday.Morethan1,000peopleaboardtheArizonalosttheirlives.Outof37setsofbrothers,Russellandhisbrotherweretheonlyfullpairtosurvivetheattack.這次擊毀了近20艘美國(guó)軍艦和180多架飛機(jī)。當(dāng)天共有超過(guò)2，000名美國(guó)人死亡，1，000多人受傷?！皝喞Ｄ翘?hào)”上有1，000多人喪生。在37對(duì)兄弟中，拉塞爾和他的兄弟是唯一存下來(lái)的完整的一對(duì)。Thesurpriseattackcameasagreatshocktothewholenation.Thenextday,PresidentRooseveltdeliveredhisfamousPearlHarborSpeech,inwhichhedescribedDecember7as“adatewhichwillliveininfamy”andaske