【高二下期末】陜西省西安市閻良區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（解析版）

2/2閻良區(qū)2021~2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測高二英語注意事項：1.本試卷共10頁，全卷滿分150分，答題時間為120分鐘；2.答卷前，考生須準(zhǔn)確填寫自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號，并認(rèn)真核準(zhǔn)條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號；3.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂，非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆書寫，涂寫要工整、清晰；4.考試結(jié)束后，監(jiān)考員將答題卡按順序收回，裝袋整理；試題卷不回收。第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Tired.B.Excited.C.Relaxed.2.WherehasJohnmoved?A.Inaquietplace.B.Neartheschool.C.Intheschool.3.Whatdoesthewomanwanttofeedherchild?A.Icecream.B.Milk.C.Rice.4.WhatdoesthemantellJanetodo?A.Returnat3o’clock.B.MeetMr.Douglas.C.Putoffhisappointment.5.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$100.B.$80.C.$20.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthehospital.B.Inthezoo.C.Intheman’shome.7.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Tryanothercatfood.B.Buyapetcat.C.Feedacat.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydoesthewomantalkwiththeman?A.Toinvitehimtotheclub.B.Toborrowabookfromhim.C.Toaskhisopinionaboutabook.9.Howoftendoesthegroupmeet?A.Twiceamonth.B.Onceamonth.C.Onceaweek.10.WhatcanwelearnaboutTheKiteRunner?A.Itwasmainlyaboutmakingkites.B.Itwaswritteninthe1970s.C.ItwassetinAfghanistan.聽第8段材料，回答第11至14題。11.Whichpartoftheman’sbodywasinjured?A.Aneye.B.Aleg.C.Anarm.12.Whenwillthemanprobablygobacktowork?A.Inonemonth.B.Nextyear.C.Thisweek.13.WhoisMollymostprobably?A.Theman’swife.B.Theman’sboss.C.Theman’sdoctor.14.Wherehasthemanbeenforhisholiday?A.Tothewoods.B.Totheseaside.C.Tothemountains.聽第9段材料，回答第15至17題。15.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Moderntechnologies.B.Washingmachines.C.Unemployment.16.Whodoesthehouseworkatthewoman’shouse?A.Thewoman’sfather.B.Machines.C.Themaid.17.Whatdothespeakersagreeaboutmachineteachers?A.Theyarebothartistsandscientists.B.Theywillreplacehumanteachers.C.Theyareusefulbutcan’treplacehuman.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthemostspecialpartofthetoymysterybox?A.Itscollectibletoys.B.Itspackaging.C.Itsvalue.19.Whatattractsmillionsofpeopletobooktheairticketmysterybox?A.Thelowprice.B.Thedestination.C.Theadventure.20.Whydosomepeoplethinktheairticketmysteryboxmakespeoplespendmoremoney?A.Becauseoftheuncertaindate.B.Becauseoftheunknownroute.C.Becauseoftheactualexpenses.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。ABostonTravelGuideBostonishometoAmerica'sfirstlargefreepubliclibrary,firstsubwaysystem,firstpublicschoolandfirstpubicpark.Awell-roundedtriptoBostonmixestheclassicwiththemodern.Don'tmissoutontheopportunitytovisithere.BestThingstoDoBoston'snearlyfour-century-longhistoryisdisplayedbythecity'smust-seesights.StartyourtourontheFreedomTrail,whichwillleadyoutolandmarkslikethePaulRevereHouseandBostonCommon,acentralpublicpark.Or,discoverBoston'sartisticsideattheMuseumofFineArtsanditsfashionsensealongNewburyStreet.Ifyou'reafanofbaseball,youcan'tmisscatchingagameatFenwayPark,hometothebelovedBostonRedSox.BestMonthstoVisitThebesttimetovisitBostonisfromJunetoOctober.MildtallweathermakestouringaroundonfootnJoy.Andeventhoughsummerbringsinacrowdoftouristsandexpensivehotelrates,thesidewalkcafes,baseballgamesandoutdoorconcertsmakeitworthatrip.Winteriscold.Butthebenefitisthatyoumightsaveagreatdealonahotelinwinter.Ifwinteristoocoldforyouandsummerandautumn'shotelratesfalloutsideyourbudget,tryvisitingatthestartofthespringseason.CultureBostontakesprideInItsIntellectual（智力的）andacademicroots.Around100collegesanduniversitiescalltheGreaterBostonareahome,includingsomeofthecountry'smostfamous.Today,thisimpressivecollectionofschoolsalsokeepstheareayoungandforward-thinking,asBostonhasoneofthelargeststudentpopulationsinthecountry.1.Wherecanvisitorswatchabaseballgame?A.AtPaulRevereHouse. B.InBostonCommon. C.OnNewburyStreet. D.AtFenwayPark.2.WhatistheadvantageofvisitingBostoninwinter?A.Morevisitors. B.Lowerhotelcosts. C.Funwinteractivities. D.Wonderfuloutsideconcerts.3.WhatmakesBostonyoungandforward-thinking?A.Itscollectingexpertsinmanyfields. B.Itsofferingexcitingactivitiestovisitors.C.Itsholdingnumerousnewlybuiltcolleges. D.Itshavingalargenumberofyoungstudents.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【解析】【分析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章是波士頓的旅游指南，介紹了游覽波士頓必做的事情，最佳游覽時間和波士頓的文化?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ifyou'reafanofbaseball,youcan'tmisscatchingagameatFenwayPark,hometothebelovedBostonRedSox.(如果你是一個棒球球迷，你不能錯過在芬威公園的比賽，這里是心愛的波士頓紅襪隊的主場)”可知，游客可以在芬威公園觀看棒球比賽。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Winteriscold.Butthebenefitisthatyoumightsaveagreatdealonahotelinwinter.(冬天很冷。但好處是，你可以在冬天在酒店上節(jié)省一大筆費(fèi)用)”可知，冬天游覽波士頓的好處是較低的酒店費(fèi)用。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Today,thisimpressivecollectionofschoolsalsokeepstheareayoungandforward-thinking,asBostonhasoneofthelargeststudentpopulationsinthecountry.(今天，這個令人印象深刻的學(xué)校聚集地讓該地區(qū)年輕和有遠(yuǎn)見，因為波士頓是美國學(xué)生人數(shù)最多的地方之一)”可知，波士頓有大量的年輕學(xué)生讓波士頓年輕并有遠(yuǎn)見。故選D。BNoisecreatedbyhumans,suchascartraffic,quietedbyabout30%betweenlateMarchandearlyMay,2020,whenGovernorGregAbbottclosedschoolsandrestaurantsacrossTexas,accordingtoanalysisbyresearchersatSouthernMethodistUniversity(SMU).“Therewasquiteabigchangeinsomeareas,”saidStephenArrowsmith,aseismologistatSMU,whotookontheprojectwithaclassofundergraduateandgraduatestudents.Arrowsmithandhisstudentslookedatdatafromadozenseismometers(地震儀)acrossNorthTexas.Seismometersareusedtodetectearthquakes,buttheyaresensitivetojustabouteverythingthatmakesthegroundvibrate,suchasstrongwinds,oceanwaves,constructionandtraffic.TheinnovativeideaofusingseismometerstotrackurbannoisegainedpopularitylastMarchwhenBelgianseismologistThomasLecocqpostedsomeofhisurbannoisedatafromBrusselsonTwitter.Lecocq,oftheRoyalObservatoryofBelgium,receivedsuchanenthusiasticresponsefromscientiststhathelaunchedthegroup“LockdownSeismology”online.“It’swhereboredseismologistsaroundtheworldareworkingtogether,”Arrowsmithjoked.Arrowsmithhopeshisfindingswillcontributetoagrowinglistofcreativewaysinwhichresearchersareusingseismometers.Inhiscourse,Arrowsmithteachesstudentshowseismicstationscanhelpinvestigatorssolvecrimes,liketerroristbombings,aidscientistsintrackingnucleartestsorassistinspectorsininvestigatingaccidents,likechemicalplantexplosions.OnepotentialapplicationofhisresearchistobetterunderstandtheshallowlayersofEarthbeneathcities.“Thatcouldbeusefulinplaceswherethere’sarealseismichazard,likeSanFranciscoorLosAngeles,”hesaid,“wherejustknowingwhatthatshallowstructureistellsyoualotabouthowitwouldrespondinabigearthquake.”4.WhatdidtheresearchersdotoobtainthedataofnoiseinTexas?A.Theyobservedcartraffic. B.Theysurveyedtheirstudents.C.Theyconsultedthegovernor. D.TheyemployedSeismometers.5.WhatisadirectresultofLecocq’spostingsomeofhisurbannoisedata?A.Urbannoiseisreduced. B.Crimeinvestigationissimplified.C.Seismologistsareattracted. D.Earthquakedetectionisimproved.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazard”inParagraph4referto?A.Risk. B.Spot. C.Assistance. D.Report.7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningtheseismometer?A.Itspossiblerisks. B.Itspotentialapplications.C.Itsappealtothepublic. D.Itsmarketvalue.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員使用地震儀來獲得德州的噪音數(shù)據(jù)，以及地震儀在其他方面的潛在應(yīng)用。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Arrowsmithandhisstudentslookedatdatafromadozenseismometers(地震儀)acrossNorthTexas.Seismometersareusedtodetectearthquakes,buttheyaresensitivetojustabouteverythingthatmakesthegroundvibrate,suchasstrongwinds,oceanwaves,constructionandtraffic.(Arrowsmith和他的學(xué)生研究了來自北德克薩斯州的12個地震儀的數(shù)據(jù)。地震檢波器被用來探測地震，但它們對幾乎所有引起地面震動的東西都很敏感，比如強(qiáng)風(fēng)、海浪、建筑和交通)”可知，研究人員通過使用地震儀來獲得德州的噪音數(shù)據(jù)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheinnovativeideaofusingseismometerstotrackurbannoisegainedpopularitylastMarchwhenBelgianseismologistThomasLecocqpostedsomeofhisurbannoisedatafromBrusselsonTwitter.Lecocq,oftheRoyalObservatoryofBelgium,receivedsuchanenthusiasticresponsefromscientiststhathelaunchedthegroup“LockdownSeismology”online.(去年3月，比利時地震學(xué)家ThomasLecocq在推特上發(fā)布了他從布魯塞爾收集的一些城市噪音數(shù)據(jù)，這一用地震儀追蹤城市噪音的創(chuàng)新想法開始流行起來。比利時皇家天文臺的Lecocq收到了科學(xué)家們?nèi)绱藷崆榈幕貞?yīng)，以至于他在網(wǎng)上成立了“封鎖地震學(xué)”組織)”可知，Lecocq公布一些城市噪音數(shù)據(jù)的直接結(jié)果是許多地震學(xué)家被吸引了。故選C。【6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Thatcouldbeusefulinplaceswherethere’sarealseismic”以及畫線詞后文“wherejustknowingwhatthatshallowstructureistellsyoualotabouthowitwouldrespondinabigearthquake.”可知，這在真正有地震風(fēng)險的地方可能很有用，比如舊金山或洛杉磯，在這些地方，只要知道淺層結(jié)構(gòu)是什么，就能告訴你它在大地震中會如何反應(yīng)。故畫線詞意思是“風(fēng)險”。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Arrowsmithhopeshisfindingswillcontributetoagrowinglistofcreativewaysinwhichresearchersareusingseismometers.Inhiscourse,Arrowsmithteachesstudentshowseismicstationscanhelpinvestigatorssolvecrimes,liketerroristbombings,aidscientistsintrackingnucleartestsorassistinspectorsininvestigatingaccidents,likechemicalplantexplosions.OnepotentialapplicationofhisresearchistobetterunderstandtheshallowlayersofEarthbeneathcities.“Thatcouldbeusefulinplaceswherethere’sarealseismichazard,likeSanFranciscoorLosAngeles,”hesaid,“wherejustknowingwhatthatshallowstructureistellsyoualotabouthowitwouldrespondinabigearthquake.”(阿羅史密斯希望他的發(fā)現(xiàn)能對研究人員使用地震儀的創(chuàng)造性方法做出貢獻(xiàn)。在他的課程中，阿羅史密斯教授學(xué)生地震站如何幫助調(diào)查人員解決犯罪，如恐怖主義爆炸，幫助科學(xué)家跟蹤核試驗或協(xié)助檢查員調(diào)查事故，如化工廠爆炸。他的研究的一個潛在應(yīng)用是更好地了解城市地下的淺層?！斑@在真正有地震危險的地方可能很有用，比如舊金山或洛杉磯，”他說，“在這些地方，只要知道淺層結(jié)構(gòu)是什么，就能告訴你它在大地震中會如何反應(yīng)。”)”可知，最后一段主要講了關(guān)于地震儀的潛在應(yīng)用。故選B。CAlcoholwastheleadingriskfactorfordiseaseandprematuredeathinmenandwomenbetweentheagesof15and49worldwidein2016,accountingfornearlyoneintendeaths,accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetin2018.“Ithasbeenknownfordecadesthatheavydrinkingisbadforbrainhealth,”saidSadieBoniface,headofresearchattheUK’sInstituteofAlcoholStudies.Whilethereisnosuchthingasa“safe”levelofdrinking,withincreasedconsumptionofalcoholassociatedwithpoorerbrainhealth,accordingtoarecentstudy.Intheobservationalstudy,researchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordstudiedtherelationshipbetweentheself-reportedalcoholintakeofsome25,000peopleintheUK,andtheirbrainscans.Theresearchersnotedthatdrinkinghadaneffectonthebrain’sgraymatter—regionsinthebrainthatmakeup“importantbitswhereinformationisprocessed,”accordingtoleadauthorAnyaTopiwala,aseniorclinicalresearcheratOxford.“Themorepeopledrank,thelessthevolumeoftheirgraymatter,”Topiwalasaidviaemail.“Brainvolumereduceswithageandmoreseverelywithdementia(癡呆).Smallerbrainvolumealsopredictsworseperformanceonmemorytesting,”sheexplained.“Whilealcoholonlymadeasmallcontributiontothis(0.8%),itwasagreatercontributionthanother‘changeable’riskfactors,”shesaid,explainingthatchangeableriskfactorsare“onesyoucandosomethingabout,incontrasttoaging.”Theteamalsoinvestigatedwhethercertaindrinkingpatterns,beveragetypesandotherhealthconditionsmadeadifferencetotheimpactofalcoholonbrainhealth.Theyfoundthattherewasno“safe”levelofdrinking—meaningthatconsuminganyamountofalcoholwasworsethannotdrinkingit.Theyalsofoundnoevidencethatthetypeofdrink—suchaswine,spiritsorbeer—affectedtheharmdonetothebrain.However,certaincharacteristics,suchashighbloodpressureorobesity,couldputpeopleathigherrisk,researchersadded.Soweshouldn’tforgetalcoholaffectsallpartsofthebodyandtherearemultiplehealthrisks.8.Howwastheobservationalstudydeveloped?A.Bycomparingbrainandhealth.B.Bycomparingpeopleandtheresearchers.C.Bycomparinginformationandgraymatter.D.Bycomparingalcoholintakeandbrainscans.9.Whatistheresultoftheresearch?A.Drinkingwinehavenoimpactonbrain.B.Drinkingspiritshavemoreimpactonbrain.C.Drinkingalcoholcancausereducingofbrainvolume.D.Drinkingalcoholcanleadtoobesity.10.Whichofthefollowinggroupshasahigherriskwhendrinkingalcohol?A.Peopledrinkingmoretypes. B.Peoplewithhighbloodpressure.C.Peoplesellingthewine. D.Peoplewithdiabetes.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.StayAwayFromAlcohol B.LackofSleepC.ConsumerHealth D.Keep-fitExercise【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹一項關(guān)于飲酒量對腦部影響的研究，研究表明無論飲多少酒都會對腦部造成損害。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Intheobservationalstudy,researchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordstudiedtherelationshipbetweentheself-reportedalcoholintakeofsome25,000peopleintheUK,andtheirbrainscans.(在這項觀察性研究中，牛津大學(xué)的研究人員研究了英國約2.5萬人報告的飲酒量和他們的大腦掃描圖像之間的關(guān)系。)”可知，這項研究是通過對比不同飲酒量對應(yīng)的大腦掃描圖像來開展的。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Theresearchersnotedthatdrinkinghadaneffectonthebrain’sgraymatter.(研究人員指出，飲酒會影響大腦灰質(zhì)。)”以及第三段的第一句“Themorepeopledrank,thelessthevolumeoftheirgraymatter.(人們喝的酒越多，大腦灰質(zhì)就越少。)”可知，這項研究的結(jié)果為飲酒越多，大腦灰質(zhì)越少，腦容量也就會變少。故選C項。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“However,certaincharacteristics,suchashighbloodpressureorobesity,couldputpeopleathigherrisk,researchersadded.(不過，研究人員補(bǔ)充道，高血壓、肥胖等身體特征會提高大腦受損風(fēng)險。)”可知，高血壓人群飲酒的風(fēng)險比常人更高。故選B項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。文章第一段引入一項有關(guān)飲酒量影響腦健康的研究；第二至四段介紹該研究的開展與研究結(jié)果，即飲酒量不論多少，都會減少大腦灰質(zhì)容量，損害大腦；第五段強(qiáng)調(diào)飲酒會對身體各部位帶來健康風(fēng)險。所以A項“遠(yuǎn)離酒精”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A項。DSeastarscangrownewarms.Crayfishcangrownewclaws.Thereareinterestingcreaturesthatcangrowbackbodypartsifaccidentshappen.However,thatischild’splayafterwhatresearcherssawaseaslugdo.AccordingtoanewdiscoverybySayakaMitohandhercolleaguesofNaraWomen’sUniversityinJapan,twospeciesofseaslugsmanagedtolosetheirheadsandthenbegancrawlingaround.Eventually,theygrewanentirelynewbody.“Weweresurprisedtoseetheheadmovingjustafteritwasremoved,”saidSayakaMitoh.“Wethoughtthatitwoulddiesoonwithoutaheartandotherimportantorgans,butweweresurprisedagaintofindthatitregeneratedthewholebody.”Aftertheinitialdiscovery,theresearchersfoundthatforyoungerslugs,thedetachedheadsbeganeatingalgaewithinhours.Thewoundtypicallyclosedatthebackoftheheadwithindays.Theystartedregrowingaheartwithinaweekandtheregenerationoftheentirebodywasfinishedafteraroundthreeweeks.Olderslugsweren’tasfortunate.Oftentheheadsdidn’tfeed,sotheydiedinabout10days.Youngorold,theheadlessbodiesnevergeneratedanewhead.Buttheydidmovearoundandrespondtobeingtouchedforseveraldaysandsometimesmonthsafterlosingtheirheads.Theresearchersaren’tsurewhytheseaslugsdroppedtheirheadsorhowthey’reabletogrownewbodies.Theymayhaveparasites(寄生蟲)thatcanhurtreproductionsotheyareremovingtheirheadsinordertoalsoremovetheparasites.Buttheresearchersaren’tsurewhatpromptsthemtoknowwhentocastoffthebodywhentheydoit.SayakaMitohsaystheybelievetheremustbecellslocatedintheneckthataresimilartostemcells.Theseareabletoregenerateanewbody.Howtheheadscansurvivewithoutaheartandothervitalorgansisanotherpuzzle.Theresearcherssaytheseseaslugsfueltheirbodiesbyphotosynthesis(光合作用).Theyrelyonchloroplastsfromalgaeintheirownbodieswhenotherfoodisn’tavailable,aprocessknownaskleptoplasty(盜食質(zhì)體).Theythinkthismighthelpthemsurvivelongenoughtoregenerateabody.“Astheseparatedbodyisoftenactiveformonths,wemaybeabletostudythemechanismandfunctionsofkleptoplastyusinglivingorgans,tissues,orevencells,”SayakaMitohsaid.“Suchstudiesarealmostcompletelylacking,asmoststudiesonkleptoplastyintheseanimalsaredoneeitheratthegeneticorindividuallevels.”12.WhatsurprisedSayakaMitohandhercolleagues?A.Theseaslugcouldsurvivewithoutorgans.B.Theseaslugcouldregrowanewbody.C.Theseaslugcouldremoveitsownhead.D.Theheadlessseaslugcouldgrowanewhead.13.Whathappenedtoolderseaslugsaftertheylosttheirheads?A.Theirbodieskeptmovingaroundforsometime.B.Theyhealedthewoundwithintendays.C.Theylosttheirsenseoftouchanddiedsoon.D.Theirheadssurvivedbyeatingalgae.14.Whatmaymakeseaslugsdroptheirheadsaccordingtoresearchers?A.Togetridofparasites.B.Toendtheirreproductivecycle.C.Togeneratenewstemcells.D.Togetawayfrompredators.15.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Theprocessofseaslugshuntingforfood.B.Theimportanceofstudyingfunctionsofkleptoplasty.C.Theconditionforseaslugstoperformphotosynthesis.D.Thereasonforseaslugstosurvivethelossoftheirbodies.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，海蛞蝓斷頭后，頭部仍能存活并再生整個身體，文章說明了這一現(xiàn)象并解釋了原因。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段““Weweresurprisedtoseetheheadmovingjustafteritwasremoved,”saidSayakaMitoh.“Wethoughtthatitwoulddiesoonwithoutaheartandotherimportantorgans,butweweresurprisedagaintofindthatitregeneratedthewholebody.””（SayakaMitoh說:“我們很驚訝地看到它的頭部在被移除后還在動?！薄拔覀冋J(rèn)為，沒有心臟和其它重要器官，它很快就會死亡，但我們再次驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，它再生了整個身體?！保┛芍?dāng)SayakaMitoh看到海蛞蝓的頭部被移除后還能存活，并且還再生了整個身體，她和同事們都十分驚訝。故選B項。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Olderslugsweren’tasfortunate.Oftentheheadsdidn’tfeed,sotheydiedinabout10days.”（年長的蛞蝓就沒這么幸運(yùn)了。通常它們的頭部不進(jìn)食，所以它們在大約10天內(nèi)死亡。）可知，年長的海蛞蝓在丟失了頭部之后，它們失去了觸覺，很快就死了。故選C項?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theymayhaveparasitesthatcanhurtreproductionsotheyareremovingtheirheadsinordertoalsoremovetheparasites.”（它們身上可能有會損害繁殖的寄生蟲，所以它們會把自己的頭也割掉，以清除寄生蟲。）可知，根據(jù)研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)，海蛞蝓斷頭也許是為了消滅寄生蟲。故選A項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Howtheheadscansurvivewithoutaheartandothervitalorgansisanotherpuzzle.Theresearcherssaytheseseaslugsfueltheirbodiesbyphotosynthesis.Theyrelyonchloroplastsfromalgaeintheirownbodieswhenotherfoodisn’tavailable,aprocessknownaskleptoplasty.Theythinkthismighthelpthemsurvivelongenoughtoregenerateabody.”（大腦在沒有心臟和其它重要器官的情況下如何存活是另一個難題。研究人員說，這些海蛞蝓通過光合作用為身體提供能量。當(dāng)沒有其它食物時，它們依靠自己體內(nèi)藻類的葉綠體，這一過程被稱為“盜食質(zhì)體”。他們認(rèn)為這可能會幫助它們存活足夠長的時間來再生身體。）可知，第五段介紹了海蛞蝓在失去身體后，頭部仍能存活的原因。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Asisknown,AlbertEinsteinwasoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime.Hewasalsoareallygreatperson.Einsteinlearnedfrommakingmistakes____16____,someoneaskedhimwhatheneeded.Hesaidheneededadesk,somepaperandpencil.Healsoneededabaskettoholdhismistakes.Thisshowsthathekneweventhecleverestmanintheworldcanonlylearnbymakingmistakes.____17____Manychildrenwroteletterstoaskhimforhelpwiththeirhomework.Oneday,hewrotealettertoayounggirltotellhernottoworryaboutherMathshomeworkbecausehethoughtMathswasdifficulttoo.EinsteinconsideredtimetobeimportantHeneverworesocksbecausehethoughtputtingonsockswasawasteoftimeaspeoplealreadyworeshoes.Healsothoughtrememberingthingsfoundinbookswasnotworthit.____18____.Heknewwhatwasworthremembering.Itistruethatifwearegoingtodogreatthingsinourlives,wecannotwastetime.EinsteinlikedtojoketooInoneexam,astudentaskedhimwhyallthequestionswerethesameaslastyear’s.Einsteinrepliedthequestionswerethesame,buttheanswersweredifferent.____19____!WhenEinsteinwasachild,histeachersusedtosayhewasnotclever.However,Einsteinkeptworkinghardandsurprisedtheworldwithhisachievements.____20____,weshouldthinkofhim.So,neverbediscouraged!A.EinsteinwasalsoverymodestB.WhatahumorouspersonheisC.EinsteinwasalsostrictwithhisstudentsD.WhenEinsteinstartedtoworkinAmericaE.GivestudentsachancetocorrecttheirmistakesF.IfweeverfeellikegivingupwhenwehaveproblemsG.That’swhyheneverrememberedhisownphonenumber【答案】16.D17.A18.G19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了愛因斯坦個人的一些偉大之處?！?6題詳解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空缺乏一個從句。D選項“當(dāng)愛因斯坦開始在美國工作時”用When引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表明下文“someoneaskedhimwhatheneeded(有人問他需要什么)”事情發(fā)生的時間點，引出下文“Hesaidheneededadesk,somepaperandpencil.(他說他需要一張桌子，一些紙和鉛筆)”講工作需要的工具。故選D項?！?7題詳解】該空為小標(biāo)題，起總結(jié)段落作用。由下文“Manychildrenwroteletterstoaskhimforhelpwiththeirhomework.Oneday,hewrotealettertoayounggirltotellhernottoworryaboutherMathshomeworkbecausehethoughtMathswasdifficulttoo.(許多孩子寫信要求他幫他們做作業(yè)。一天，他寫信給一個年輕女孩，告訴她不要擔(dān)心她的數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)，因為他認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)也很難)”可知，下文講最偉大的科學(xué)家愛因斯坦也認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)也很難，說明他謙虛的品質(zhì)，承接下文，A選項“愛因斯坦也很謙虛”是最佳小標(biāo)題。故選A項?！?8題詳解】由小標(biāo)題“Einsteinconsideredtimetobeimportant(愛因斯坦認(rèn)為時間很重要)”和上文“Heneverworesocksbecausehethoughtputtingonsockswasawasteoftimeaspeoplealreadyworeshoes.Healsothoughtrememberingthingsfoundinbookswasnotworthit.(他從不穿襪子，因為人們已經(jīng)穿鞋子了，所以他認(rèn)為穿襪子是浪費(fèi)時間。他還認(rèn)為，記住書本上的東西是不值得的)”可知，上文用具體事例講明愛因斯坦不會做浪費(fèi)時間的一些事，表明他注重時間的重要性，G選項“這就是為什么他從不記得自己的電話號碼”承接上文舉出另一個愛因斯坦看重時間的例子，也講明愛因斯坦為什么會這樣做。故選G項?！?9題詳解】由小標(biāo)題“Einsteinlikedtojoketoo(愛因斯坦也喜歡開玩笑)”和“Inoneexam,astudentaskedhimwhyallthequestionswerethesameaslastyear’s.Einsteinrepliedthequestionswerethesame,buttheanswersweredifferent.(在一次考試中，一個學(xué)生問愛因斯坦為什么所有的問題都和去年的一樣。愛因斯坦回答的問題都一樣，但答案不同)”可知，B選項“他是一個多么幽默的人啊”承接上文講愛因斯坦擁有幽默感。故選B項。【20題詳解】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空缺乏一個從句。由上文“WhenEinsteinwasachild,histeachersusedtosayhewasnotclever.However,Einsteinkeptworkinghardandsurprisedtheworldwithhisachievements.(愛因斯坦小時候，老師們常說他不聰明。然而，愛因斯坦一直在努力工作，他的成就令世界驚訝)”可知，愛因斯坦被老師說不聰明，也沒有放棄努力工作，可見永遠(yuǎn)不要遇到問題就放棄、氣餒，承接上文，F(xiàn)選項“如果我們遇到問題時想放棄”用If引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表明下文“weshouldthinkofhim(我們應(yīng)該想想他)”事情發(fā)生的條件。故選F項。第三部分：英語知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出適合填入對應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。Thefirstprizeusuallygoestotheswiftest,butsometimes,thefirstonetocrossthefinishlineisn’ttheonlywinner.Nowherewasthatmore___21___thaninarecentraceinShelbyville,Indiana.Withlessthanamiletogo,LeviLaGrangefromWesternBooneHighSchoolaccidentally___22___asmallstoneontheroughground,twistinghisankle.HesignaledtoSheridanHighSchoolseniorAxelAlemanthathecould___23___him,butatthatmoment,theracebecameamatterAlemanwasless___24___about.“Isawhewasin___25___,”Alemanrecalled.“AsIgotclosertohim,hewas___26___tomove.Iaskedifhewasfine.Hesaidhefeltlikesomethingbroken.”Inanextraordinaryactoftruesportsmanship,Aleman___27___toleaveLaGrangebehind.Placinganencouraginghandatthebackofhis___28___,fortherestlegoftherace,Aleman___29___LaGrange.Thetwocrossedthe___30___andAlemanevenensuredLaGrangewentfirst.LaGrange’smotherwasimpressedbyAleman’sthoughtful___31___—especiallysincethetwohad___32___metbefore.“Ittakesalotforan18-year-oldto___33___hispositioninthecompetition,”shesaid.“AxelneverleftLevi’sside.”Aleman’sownmother,___34___,wasnotatallsurprisedbyhisson’sgoodwill.“ItreallyspeakstoAxel’s___35___.Heisalwaysconcernedaboutothersmorethanhimself,”shesaid.Whenyou’restandingatacrossroad—orrunningbyit—youcanchoosethepathof___36___,oryoucangotheextramileforsomeone___37___.Forthisteenathlete,the___38___isclear.Whilewemightnotalwaysrecognizewhenlifehandsusa___39___forgrace(風(fēng)度),whenitdoes,inthewordsofAxelAleman,“Iwouldjustreallyhopepeopledothe___40___thing.”21.A.common B.true C.ridiculous D.unreasonable22.A.hit B.spotted C.picked D.threw23.A.help B.follow C.pass D.heal24.A.concerned B.curious C.certain D.hopeful25.A.afield B.theway C.ahurry D.greatpain26.A.continuing B.pretending C.struggling D.conducting27.A.chose B.refused C.preferred D.meant28.A.competitor B.teammate C.schoolmate D.acquaintance29.A.dealtwith B.caughtupwith C.accompaniedwith D.putupwith30.A.checkpoint B.cheeringcrowds C.sportsfield D.finishline31.A.service B.behaviour C.guidance D.operation32.A.already B.just C.once D.never33.A.findout B.giveup C.showoff D.dependon34.A.however B.otherwise C.therefore D.besides35.A.ability B.courage C.appearance D.character36.A.self-control B.self-interest C.self-discipline D.self-confidence37.A.inpeace B.inorder C.inneed D.inrelief38.A.question B.arrangement C.choice D.process39.A.chance B.demand C.talent D.skill40.A.urgent B.unexpected C.awful D.right【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.C27.B28.A29.C30.D31.B32.D33.B34.A35.D36.B37.C38.C39.A40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位少年運(yùn)動員放棄贏得比賽的機(jī)會而選擇護(hù)送受傷的競爭對手越過終點的故事。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這一點在最近印第安納州謝爾比維爾的一場競選中體現(xiàn)得最為真切。A.common普通的；B.true真實的；C.ridiculous可笑的；D.unreasonable不合理的。根據(jù)上文“Thefirstprizeusuallygoestotheswiftest,butsometimes,thefirstonetocrossthefinishlineisn’ttheonlywinner.(第一名通常是最快的，但有時，第一個沖過終點線的人并不是唯一的贏家。)”可知，此處指這一點在本次競賽中體現(xiàn)的更“真切”符合語境。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在還剩不到一英里的時候，來自西布恩高中的利瓦伊·拉格朗日不小心撞到了粗糙地面上的一塊小石頭，扭傷了腳踝。A.hit撞擊；B.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.picked挑選；D.threw拋、扔。根據(jù)下文“twistinghisankle(扭傷腳踝)”可知，此處用hit表示“撞上”一塊小石頭符合語境。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他向謝里丹高中的高年級學(xué)生阿克塞爾·阿勒曼示意，他可以超過他，但在那一刻，比賽成了阿勒曼不太關(guān)心的事情。A.help幫助；B.follow跟隨；C.pass經(jīng)過；D.heal痊愈。根據(jù)上文第2題可知，利瓦伊·拉格朗日不小心撞到了粗糙地面上的一塊小石頭，扭傷了腳踝，所以此處指示意他的對手可以“超過”他。故選C項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.concerned關(guān)心的、擔(dān)心的；B.curious好奇的；C.certain確定的；D.hopeful有希望的。根據(jù)下文“AlemanevenensuredLaGrangewentfirst.(阿勒曼甚至確保拉格朗日領(lǐng)先。)”可知，阿勒曼確保讓他的對手領(lǐng)先，所以賽跑成了他次要關(guān)心的事情。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我看到他非常痛苦，”阿勒曼回憶說。A.afield田地；B.theway方式；C.ahurry匆忙；D.greatpain巨大痛苦。根據(jù)下文“Iaskedifhewasfine.Hesaidhefeltlikesomethingbroken.(我問他是否還好。他說他覺得好像有什么東西壞了。)”可知，他十分痛苦。故選D項。【26題詳解】考查動名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我走近他時，他掙扎著移動。A.continuing繼續(xù)；B.pretending假裝C.struggling奮斗；D.conducting指揮。根據(jù)上文第5題“Isawhewasingreatpain(我看到他非常痛苦)”可知，他非常痛苦，所以應(yīng)該是“掙扎”著移動，符合語境。故選C項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：阿勒曼拒絕離開拉格朗日，這是真正的體育精神的非凡表現(xiàn)。A.chose選擇；B.refused拒絕；C.preferred更喜歡；D.meant意味著。根據(jù)上文“Inanextraordinaryactoftruesportsmanship(這是真正的體育精神)”可知，此處指阿萊曼“拒絕”離開拉格朗日