專業(yè)英語八級（閱讀）模擬試卷9（共193題）

專業(yè)英語八級(閱讀)模擬試卷9(共9

套)

(共193題)

專業(yè)英語八級(閱讀)模擬試卷第1套

一、選擇題(本題共14題，每題1.0分，共分。)

(1)Distantindeedseemthedayswhenthetwogreatrivalsofcommercialaviation,

BoeingandAirbus,wouldusebigairshowstotrumpethundredsofneworders.This

year'sParisAirShowwasamuchmoresombreaffair,eveniftheBoeing-Airbusfeud

stilltookcentrestage.(2)Therewereoneortwobrightspots.Airbuswasabletoboastof

afirmorderfortenofitswide-bodyA350sfromAirAsiaX.JohnLeahy,itstop

salesman,expectsdeliveriesin2009tomatchtherecord483in2008.Boeing,whichwas

hitbyaprolongedstrikelastyear,willprobablydelivermoreaircraftthisyearthanlast.

Bothfirmsbuiltuphugebacklogsinthefatyears:eachhasordersforabout3,500planes.

(3)Butmanyofthosemaysoonevaporate.GiovanniBisignani,thebossofIATA,the

tradebodythatspeaksformostairlines,gavewarningearlierthismonththathis

membersmightdeferasmanyas30%ofaircraftdeliveriesnextyear.Healsoalmost

doubledhisforecastfortheindustry'scumulativelossesin2009,to$9billion.(4)Both

Mr.LeahyandJimMcNerney,thechiefexecutiveofBoeing,thinkthatMr.Bisignaniis

overdoingthegloom.Buttheyconcedethatpotentialcustomersmayfindpurchaseshard

tofinance.Anotherissueisthecostoffuel.Mr.McNerneythinkstherecentincreasein

theoilpriceshouldencouragecarrierstoreplaceelderlygasguzzlerswithefficientnew

planes.Butiftheprice"spikesover$100"allbetsareoff.(5)Thetwoaviationgiants

agreeononeotherthing:theindustrywillnotgetasuccessortoitsubiquitousshort-haul

workhorses,the737andtheA320,formorethanadecade.Thatispartlybecausethe15-

20%efficiencygainthatairlinessaytheywantfromthenextgenerationis,saysMr.

McNerney,"abarthatkeepsmovingnorth"thankstothecontinuousimprovementsof

1%-2%ayearthatthemanufacturersaremakingtoexistingplanes.(6)Moreover,both

BoeingandAirbusareconservingcashforalongandbitterscrapiodominatethemarket

forlong-haulaircraftwithupto350seats.Boeing'stroubled787Dreamlinerwillatlast

taketotheairthismonth,twoyearslate.Theproductionproblemsthatstemmedfrom

boththerevolutionaryuseofcompositesandanextendedglobalsupplychainappearto

havebeenovercome.Tospeedupdeliveriesofthe787,forwhichBoeinghasreceived

morethan860orders,Mr.McNcrncyisplanningasecondassemblyline.(7)Thcdelays

tothe787havebeenagodsendforAirbus.Itsrival,theslightlybiggerA350,isontrack

toflyinearly2012afterapainfulgestation.Withnearly500orders,Airbusclaimsthat

theA350issellingevenfasterthantherecord-breaking787didatthesamestageinits

development.ThebiggestconcernforBoeing,however,isnotthattheA350willtake

salesfromthe787,butthatitslargestvariant,theA350-1000,willbeastrongrivaltoits

successful777.Mr.McNerneysaysthatBoeingcanaffordtowaitandseehowgreata

threatthebiggestA350is.ButaccordingtoAirbusexecutives,Boeingwillbefacedwith

thedilemmaofmerelyupgradingthe777ortakingthebiggerandmorecostlystepof

buildingareplacement.(8)TheA35Oandthe787areattheheartofthelong-runningand

acrimoniousdisputebetweenBoeingandAirbusattheWorldTrade

Organisation(WTO)ovcrstatesubsidiesfbrlargecommercialaircraft.Thisweek

Europeangovernmentsdeclaredthattheywerereadytocontribute3.5billion(54.9

billion)ofreimbursablelaunchaidtothe11billioncostofdevelopingtheA350.The

announcementhadBoeingexecutivesscurryingtotheirBlackBerrystocondemnwhat

theysawasa"provocative"movegiventhattheWTOisexpectedtoissuearulingon

Boeing'scomplaintwithinweeks(arulingonacounter-complaintbyAirbusisduelater

intheyear).(9)LouisGallois,thechiefexecutiveofEADS,theparentcompanyof

Airbus,deniedtherewasanythingoddaboutthetiming:"Wcdonotpleadguilty,"he

said."OursupportismuchmoretransparentthanBoeing's.Wehavefullyrepaidwith

interestthesupportwereceivedfortheA320andA330andwearealreadypayingback

ontheA380(super-jumbo)."TomEnders,thechiefexecutiveofAirbus,addedthatthe

aidwasaimedonlyat"levellingtheplayingfield"andthattheEuropeanUnionhad

describedthe787asthemostsubsidisedcommercialaircraftinhistory.

1、ItcanbeinferredfromPara.IthatBoeingandAirbus.

havenotsufferedfromareductionofnewordersuntilthisyear

BNdidnotcompetewitheachotherintenselyinthepast

C、usedtoadvertisetheirsuccessinbusinessatairshows

D^wouldhavetoresolvetheirrivalryasearlyaspossible

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：推斷題。艱據(jù)第一段第一句可知，波音和空客似乎已很久沒有利用大

型舫空展宣傳其贏得的多達(dá)數(shù)百架飛機(jī)的訂單，言外之意是它們過去曾經(jīng)做過這樣

的宣傳，故選［C］。同時還可推斷，這兩家公司不是今年才遭受新訂單減少的影

響，這種狀況似乎已經(jīng)持續(xù)較長一段時間了，故可排除|A］；根據(jù)該段第一句得

知，波音和空客之間過去就展開了激烈的競爭，該段第二句中的still也印證了兩者

的競爭對手關(guān)系由來已久，故排除［B］；本段并未提及波音和空客在面對困境時應(yīng)

盡早解決彼此間的爭斗，故排除［D］。

2、Accordingtothepassage,AirbusandBoeingsharedthefollowingchallenges

EXCEPT.

A、financialtroubleofpotentialcustomers

B、labourdisputewiththeiremployees

C>riskofoilpricehigherthan$100

D、difficultiesindevelopingnewaircrafts

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B、

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段和第四段可知，全球航空業(yè)陷入財政困境，可能

取消或推遲訂購新飛機(jī)；第四段末句指出如果油價每桶超過100美元，更換飛機(jī)也

是徒勞；第六段第三句表明波音在開發(fā)787的過程中遇到了復(fù)合材料的應(yīng)用和供應(yīng)

鏈方面的困難；第七段第二句中的afterapainfulgestation暗示空客A350的開發(fā)也

經(jīng)歷過困難，可見，［A］、［C］和［D1都是波音和空客共同面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。文章只在第

二段提及波音遭受了長期罷工的打擊，并未提到空客也遇到類似的勞資糾紛問題，

故［B］為正確答案。

3、BoeingexecutivesfoundtheannouncementofAirbus"provocative"because.

A、AirbusreceivedhighersubsidiesthanBoeing

B、Airbusreceivednewsubsidieswhiletheolddisputeremainedunsolved

C、Airbusdidn'thavetorepaythenewlyannouncedsubsidies

D、WTOrulingisexpectedtobeinAirbus'sfavour

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：推斷題。第八段前兩句提到波音就國家補(bǔ)貼問題與空客的爭端由來已

久,雙方已訴諸WT0,而在WT0即將對波音的申訴做出裁決時，歐洲政府又宣

布對A350飛機(jī)給予新的補(bǔ)貼，可謂變本加厲，因而波音對此尤其不滿，故［B］為

正確答案。文中未提及波音獲得的補(bǔ)貼數(shù)額，故排除［A］；第八段和第九段表明空

客必須償還所獲補(bǔ)貼，而且它正在償還以往獲得的補(bǔ)貼，故排除［C］；第八段首句

表明波音和空客都在WT0起訴了對方，但并未表示W(wǎng)T0的裁決將對哪一方有

利，故排除［D］。

4、Whichtypeoftheaircraftsmentionedinthepassagewillbethelasttobegin

delivery?

A、Boeing787.

Boeing777.

C、A380.

D、A350.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第六段提到波音787已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備首飛，且已獲得超過860

架的訂單，而第七段第二、三句表明空客A350計劃于2012年試飛，已獲得接近

500架的訂單，可見，A35O的開發(fā)進(jìn)程落后于波音787；第七段第四句還提到波音

777是“成功的”，即已經(jīng)投入商用的成熟機(jī)型；第八段第二句表明A350剛剛獲得

歐盟政府資助，而第九段第三句表明A380所獲資助已經(jīng)開始償付，可知A380的

開發(fā)也早于A350?？梢?，A350是文中提到的各機(jī)型中開發(fā)最晚的，將比其他機(jī)型

更晚交付使用，因此選|D|。

(I)Scientist,engineer,musicianandgreatartist,LeonardodaVinciisthearchetypal

Renaissanceman.Thisundisputedgenius,wholivedtobe67,wasalsooneofhistory's

mostaccomplishedunderachievers.Hestartedmanyprojectshedidnotfinish:he

acceptedcommissionsheneverbegan:hismanyplannedtreatisesremainedjustnotes.

Only18ofhispaintingssurvive.Halfofthemareincludedinashowthatopenedon

November9thatLondon'sNationalGallery,makingthisthemostimportantdaVinci

displayever.(2)ThcartistwasbornnearFlorencein1452andwenttoMilanattheageof

30.LukeSyson,theshow'scurator,hascometobelievethatthefreedomdaVinci

enjoyedthereascourtpaintertoLudovicoSforza,DukeofMilan,wasthekeythat

unlockedhisgenius.(3)Mr.Syson'scontentionthatLeonardo'sgreatbreakthroughcame

inMilanandnotlaterinFlorence,ashasgenerallybeenaccepteduntilnow,has

captivatedcurators,collectorsandmuseumdirectorswhohavebeengenerousinloaning

workstotheshow:fromtheVatican,Prague,Cracow,ParisandtheRoyalCollection.

(4)A11thepicturesonshowwerepaintedduringdaVinci's18yearsinMilan.Neverhas

itbeenpossibletoseesomanyofdaVinci'spaintingstogether.Therearealsosome50

drawings,includingthemonumentalVirginandChildwithSaintAnneandSaintJohn

theBaptist(sometimescalledTheBurlingtonHouseCartoon).(5)Theonepicturemissing

fromthisperiodisTheLastSupper,whichispaintedonawall.Thiswork,whichis

badlydamaged,isrepresentedherebyalargephotographandanear-

contemporar^^thoughfarinferior)copy.InpagesfromanotebookdaVinci'sslanted

"mirror"writingdescribestheguestsatadinner.Withanovelist'sinterestindetail,he

carefullyobservedtheshrugofoneman'sshoulders,thepositionofanother'shands,the

scowlononefaceandthefrownonyetonemore.(6)Thcexhibitionisarranged

thematically:inadditionto"BeautyandLove",thereisalso"CharacterandEmotion"

and"BodyandSoul".ThevisitorquicklycomesfacetofacewithThePortraitofCecilia

Gallerani,alsoknownasTheLadywithanErmine.Althoughtheimageisfamiliarfrom

reproductions,theradianceofthepaintingissurprising.Furtheralongisanunfinished,

yetsearing,SaintJerome.Forthefirsttime,bothversionsofTheVirginoftheRocks,

onetheNationalGallery'sownandtheotherbelongingtotheLouvre,areshown

together.(7)Thctwoversionshangatoppositeendsofthelongexhibitionspace.The

moreonelooksatthetwopictures,themorevisiblearethedifferencesbetweenthem:the

strangelyformedrocksintheLouvre'sversioncreateaprotectiveatmosphere,whereasin

theNationalGallery'spaintingtherocksseemquiteeerie,contributingtotheoverall

sepulchralfeelofthework.(8)Asaphilosopherandscientist,daVincistroveto

understandwhatheobservedinhisclosestudiesofnature.Artwasanexpressionofhis

thoughts.TheLadywithanErmineshowstheDukeofMilan'steenagemistressina

fashionablerc(igown,itsslitsleevesrevealingapaleunderdress.DaVinci,always

fascinatedbyknots,carefullydetailsthewaytheblackribbonsaretiedonCecilia'sleft

sleeve.Herrightarmisinshadow.Thetiesonthatsleevearesketchy.Theartisthas

takenintoaccounthisobservationthatvisualacuitydeclinesinthedark.Thebrainfillsin

necessaryinformation.Thesketchinessoftherightsleevehelpsbringtheportraittolife,

creatingwhatWalterPater,a19th-centuryBritishessayistandartcritic,describedasa"

realitywhichalmostamountstoillusion".(9)DaVinciwouldsometimesspendyears

thinkingaboutasinglepainting.Mr.SysonhopesvisitorstotheNationalGallerywill,in

turn,looklongandhardattheseworks.Advanceticketsforentrytotheendoftheyear

hadsoldoutbytheopeningday.TheshowdoesnotcloseuntilFebruary5th2012,but

advanceticketsforitsfinalweeksaregoingfast.Meanwhile,theonlywaytogetinnow

istoqueueforoneofthe500ticketsbeingheldbackforsaleeachmorning.Thesecurity

checksareelaborate,but:hewaitiswellworthit.

5、TheoriginalTheLastSupperisnotdisplayedattheshowbecause.

A、itsreplicalooksbetter

B、itcannotbemoved

C、itisnotkeptinLondon

D^itdoesnotfitintothethemeoftheshow

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段前兩句提到《最后的晚餐》是一幅壁畫且損壞嚴(yán)重。

可見，無法把原作搬來參展，因此選［B］。該段第二句提到復(fù)制品遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比不上真

跡，故可排除［A］；第三段末尾提到梵蒂岡、布拉格、克拉科夫、巴黎等地也把作

品借給本次展覽，可見，原作未保存在倫敦并不是未能參展的原因，因此排除

［C］；盡管第六段首句指出本次展覽是分主題陳列的，但第一段指出該展覽是迄今

為止最隆重的達(dá)-芬奇畫展，匯集了達(dá)-芬奇存世畫作中的一半，可見，本次展覽力

求盡可能多地將達(dá)?芬奇的作品拿來展出，作品主題只是陳列時的分類依據(jù)而非人

選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，故排除［D］。

6、WhichofthefollowingwordscanBESTdescribethestyleofLeonardodaVinci's

paintings?

A、Radiant.

Exquisite.

C、Exotic.

D、Sketchy.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；B

知識點解析：推斷題。文章第五段和第八段通過對達(dá)?芬奇畫作的描述，著重指出

其畫風(fēng)精致細(xì)膩，對細(xì)節(jié)表現(xiàn)得十分逼真、透徹，故［B］正確。［A］“光彩照人的”和

奇異的”用于概括達(dá)-芬奇的畫風(fēng)不夠全面，可排除；盡管［D］“粗略的”在文中被

用于形容畫作的局部，但達(dá)?芬奇的手法正是用某些局部的粗略襯托其他部分的細(xì)

致，以體現(xiàn)明與暗、前景與背景的強(qiáng)烈對比，因而sketchy也不能描述達(dá)-芬奇的畫

風(fēng)，故排除。

7、Whichofthefollowingstatementscontainsapun?

...thekeythatunlockedhisgenius.(Para.2)

B、Mr.Syson'scontention...hascaptivatedcurators...(Para.3)

C、...themonumentalVirginandChildwithSaintAnneandSaintJohnthe

Baptist...(Para.4)

D、...anunfinished,yetsearing,SaintJerome.(Para.6)

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：修辭題。［A］中的key和unlocked既可以當(dāng)“鑰匙”和“鎖”來理解，也

可以當(dāng)“關(guān)鍵”和“釋放”來理解，是一句巧妙的雙關(guān)語，因此選［A］。［B］中的

captivated本義為“囚禁，俘虜”，文中使用的“吸引，迷惑”之意為該詞的引申義；

［C］和［D］僅為一般的暗喻，二者均不包含雙關(guān)語，故排除。

8、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsLeonardodaVinceis.

A、critical

B、neutral

C^curious

D、praising

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：態(tài)度題。文章第一段前兩句肯定達(dá)-芬奇是一位無可爭議的天才，文

章第八段在描述達(dá)-芬奇的畫作時以明顯贊譽的口氣突出了其細(xì)膩的畫風(fēng)和強(qiáng)烈的

感染力，最后一段末句更是表示達(dá)-芬奇的畫展絕對值得一看，可見，作者對達(dá)■芬

奇是贊賞的，故［D］正確。盡管作者在第一段第二句稱達(dá)-芬奇“未能充分發(fā)揮其真

實水平”，但這只是表明他憑自己的天賦本該取得更高的成就，并非批評之意，因

此排除［A］；作者對達(dá)-芬奇的贊賞之意表露明顯，故可排除［B］；文中對達(dá)-芬奇作

品的描繪栩栩如生，但并不是為了體現(xiàn)作者的好奇心，面是突出達(dá)-芬奇的鮮明畫

風(fēng)和獨特天賦，故可排除［C|。

(l)Oneoftheparadoxesofhumanbiologyisthattherichworldhasfewerchildrenthan

thepoorworld.Inmostspecies,improvedcircumstancesareexpectedtoincrease

reproductiveeffort,notreduceit,yetaseconomicdevelopmentgetsgoing,countryafter

countryhasexperiencedwhatisknownasthedemographictransition:fertility(definedas

thenumberofchildrenbornebyawomanoverherlifetime)dropsfromaroundeightto

nearoneandahalf.Thatnumberissosmallthatevenwiththereducedchildmortality

whichusuallyaccompaniesdevelopmentitcannotpossiblysustainthepopulation.

(2)Thisreproductivecollapseisparticularlyworryingbecauseitcomesincombination

withanincreaseinlifeexpectancywhichsuggestsihai.bythemiddleofthecentury,noi

onlywillpopulationsinthemostdevelopedcountrieshaveshrunk(unlesstheyare

proppedupbyhistoricallyhugelevelsofimmigration)butalsothatthenumberofretired

individualssupportedbyeachpersonofworkingagewillincreasesignificantly.IfMikko

MyrskylaoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandhiscolleaguesarecorrect,though,things

mightnotbequiteasbadasthat.AstudytheyhavejustpublishedinNaturesuggeststhat

asdevelopmentcontinues,thedemographictransitiongoesintoreverse.(3)Dr.Myrskyla

comparedtwothings.Onewasthetotalfertilityrate(thenumberofchildrenthatwould

beborntoawomaninaparticularcountryoverthecourseofherlifeifsheexperienced

theage-specificfertilityratesobservedinthatcountryduringthecalendaryearin

question).Theotherwas:hehumandevelopmentindexforthatcountry.TheHDI,a

measureusedbytheUnitedNations,hasthreecomponents:lifeexpectancy:average

incomeperperson:andlevelofeducation.Itsmaximumpossiblevalueisone.(4)Backin

the1970s,nocountrygotanywherenearone.Ofthe107placestheresearcherslookedat,

thebestwasCanada,withanHDIof0.89.By2005,however,thingshadimproved

markedly.Twodozenofwhatwerenow240countrieshadHDIsabovenine—and

somethingelseremarkablehadhappened.Backin1975,agraphplottingfertilityrate

againsttheHDIfellastheHDIrose.By2005,though,thelinehadakinkinit.Abovean

HDIof0.9orso,itturnedup,producingwhatisknowninthejargonasa"J-shaped"

curvc(cvcnthoughitisthemirrorimageofaletterJ).Inmanycountrieswithreallyhigh

levelsofdevelopment(around0.95)fertilityratesarenowapproachingIwochildrenper

woman.Thereareexceptions,notablyCanadaandJapan,butthetrendisclear.(5)Why

thischangehascomeabout,andwhythedemographictransitionhappensinthefirst

place,aremattersofdebate.Therearelotsofsocialexplanationsofwhyfertilityratesfall

ascountriesbecomericher.Theincreasingabilityofwomeninthedevelopedworldto

controltheirownreproductiveoutputisone,asistherelatedphenomenonofwomen

enteringtheworkplaceinlargenumbers.Theincreasingcostofraisingchildrenina

societywithmorematerialabundanceplaysapart.Sodocsthesubstitutionof

nationalisedsocial-securitysystemsforthesupportofoffspringinoldage.Fallingrates

ofchildmortalityarealsosignificant.Conversely,Dr.Myrskylaspeculatesthatthe

introductionoffemale-friendlyemploymentpoliciesinthemostdevelopedcountries

allowswomentohavethebestofbothworlds,andthatthismaycontributetotheupiick.

（6）Nodoubtallthesesocialexplanationsaretrueasfarastheygo,buttheydonot

addressthedeeperquestionofwhypeople'spsychologyshouldhaveevolvedinaway

thatmakesthemwantfewerchildrenwhentheycanaffordmore.Thereisapossible

biologicalexplanation,though.

9、WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTcontributetothefallingfertilityrateinmany

developedcountries?

A^Highercostofraisingchildren.

B、Morematerialabundance.

C^Betteravailabilityofbirthcontrolmeasures.

D^Improvedsocial-securitysystems.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段列舉了多方面導(dǎo)致國家越發(fā)達(dá)生育率越低的社會原

因，其中包括職業(yè)婦女控制自身生育量、撫養(yǎng)成本的增加、社會保障體系的完善

（無需為了養(yǎng)老而多生孩子）等，因此排除［A］、［C］>［D］o社會資源的日益富足本身

并不是直接導(dǎo)致生育率降低的原因，只是隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，撫養(yǎng)孩子的成本日益增

加，所以人們不愿意多生孩子。只有出|不符合文意，故為答案。

10>ThefollowingstatementsareconsistentwithDr.Myrskyla'sviewabout

demographictransitionEXCEPTthat.

A、thefertilityrateinCanadadoesn'trisebecauseofthelackoffemale-friendly

employmentpolicies

somecountriesexperienceanothertransition:fertilityraterisesastheybecomemore

developed

C>therisingfemaleemploymentdoesnotalwaysresultinreducedreproductiveoutput

D、HDIisanimportantindicatorfbracountry'slevelofdevelopment

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段末句指出，邁斯基拉博士認(rèn)為最發(fā)達(dá)國家實施了有利

于婦女的就業(yè)政策，可能有助于生育率的提高，但文中也強(qiáng)調(diào)生育率的升降可能有

多方面的社會原因，甚至還可能有生物學(xué)方面的原因，因此不能逆推出加拿大等國

沒有出現(xiàn)生育率回升就是因為其缺乏有利于婦女的就業(yè)政策，因此選［A］。第四段

倒數(shù)第三句顯示，邁斯基拉博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些國家在發(fā)展到一定程度（HD【約

大于0.9）時，生育率不降反升。HDI是被邁斯基拉博士用作衡量國家發(fā)展水平的

指標(biāo)，用于與生育率的變化相對照，研究二者的相關(guān)性。根據(jù)第五段末句叮知，婦

女走上工作崗位可能影響生育率，但有利于婦女的就業(yè)政策也能讓婦女兼顧生育和

事業(yè)，所以婦女就業(yè)并不必然導(dǎo)致生育率降低。所以［B］、［0和［D］均符合邁斯基

拉博士的觀點，故排除。

11、Whatistheroleofthe4thparagraphinthedevelopmentofthetopic?

A^Toillustratethatfertilityratesinsomehighlydevelopedcountriesbegantorise.

B、ToshowthatcountrieslikeCanadaandJapanremainlowfertilityrates.

C、Toexplainhowdemographictransitionoccurredfrom1975to2005.

D、ToindicatethatthetrendofHDIisunrelatedtofertilityrates.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：篇章題。第四段承上啟下，通過對相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的比較分析，證明了邁斯

基拉博士等人的觀點，即隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，人口轉(zhuǎn)變趨勢會發(fā)生逆轉(zhuǎn)，也為下文解釋

這種逆轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)行了鋪墊，因此選［A］。此段的意圖并不是為了解釋第一段提到的“人口

轉(zhuǎn)變”，因為根據(jù)對此段的分析可知，當(dāng)人口轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展到一定程度時還會發(fā)生逆

轉(zhuǎn)，所以［C］不正確，故排除；日本和加拿大沒有出現(xiàn)逆轉(zhuǎn)，文中將其作為一種例

外，但并未作為解釋的重點，因此排除［B］；盡管生育率和HDI兩個指標(biāo)之間并不

是嚴(yán)格的同向或逆向變化，但并不等于二者彼此無關(guān)，事實是二者在HDI達(dá)到

0.9的轉(zhuǎn)折點之前是逆向變化，達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)折點之后則是同向變化，因此［D］不正確，

故排除。

(l)DctroitseemstobewhereWallStreetmeetsMainStreet.Tightcreditisreckonedto

havecosttheAmericancarmakers40,000salesinAugust,worthabout$1billionin

revenue.TheimpacthasbeenfeltmosthyAmerica'sBigThree-GeneralMotors,Ford

andChrysler-whichhavesufferedthisyearasconsumersshunnedgas-guzzlersin

favourofthesmallercarsmostlymadebyJapanesefirmsinAmericanfactories.Overall

light-vehiclesaleshita15-yearlowinSeptember,withafallof27%comparedwitha

yearearlier.Theproblemisfinance.MWehaveplentyofcustomers—whatwedon'thave

isfinancingavailabletomeettheirneeds,"MikeJackson,chiefexecutiveofAutoNation,

aleadingcar-dealerchain,toldCNBCthisweek.Hereckonsthattightercreditandlimits

onfinanceforleaseshavecosthisfirmafifthofitssalesthisyear.(2)TheBigThree

havebeenhitbypetrolpricespushingtowards$4agallon,bymoredemandingfederal

fuel-economyrulesandbythecreditcrunchwreckingconsumerfinance.Butthefederal

governmentcametotheiraidthisweekwhenGeorgeBushsignedanenergybillthat

includes$25billioninloanguaranteestoeasetheirpain.Supposedlythisistoallowthe

BigThreetoretooltheirfactoriestoproducemoreeconomicalvehicles.DavidCole,

directoroftheCentreforAutomotiveResearch,anindustrybody,estimatesthatsuch

retoolingcouldcostalleast$100billion.Butmoneyismoney,sotheinfusionofcheap

creditwillhelpthecarmakerspaytheirbillsnextyear.HGiventhemarketpositionofthe

BigThree,thingswillgetstickybymid-2009,becausetheyhavetokeepspendingon

newprogrammes,HsaysJoePhilippiofAutoTrends,aconsultancy.(3)Therulesarestill

beingworkedout,butthedealmeansthatcarcompanies-blessedwiththegovernment

guarantee-shouldgetloanswithaninterestrateofaround5%ratherthanthe15%they

wouldfaceontheopenmarketintoday'sconditions.Thestipulationthattheloansarc

onlytorfirmswithfactoriesatleast20yearsoldrulesoutnearlyallthe"transplant"

factoriesthatforeigncarmakersbuiltinAmericatogetaroundtariffbarriers.Andevenif

someJapanesecarmakersdoqualifyforloans,theyarenotexpectedtoaskforthem.

(4)Soasumthatseemedpreposterousonlyafewmonthsagohaswonoverwhelming

approvalfrompoliticians.Comparedwiththedemandfor$700billiontounderpinthe

financialsystem,whocancomplainaboutamere$25billionforcarmakers?Andusing

governmentmoneytokeephonest,hardworkingcar-industryworkersintheirjobsis

easierforpoliticianstojustifythanhandoutsforgreedyWallStreetbankers.Thesalcs-

pitchisevenmorecompellinginanelectionyear.(5)0nceindustrialsubsidieslikethis

begintoflow,itisdifficulttostopthem.ArecentstudybytheCatoInstitute,aright-

wingthink-tank,foundthatthefederalgovernmentspentsome$92billionsubsidising

businessin2006alone.Only$21billionofthatwenttofarmers:muchoftherestwent

tofirmssuchasBoeing,IBMandGEintheformofexport-creditsupportandvarious

researchsubsidies.(6)TheBigThreearealreadycomplainingthatitwilltaketoolongto

dishoutthemoney,andtheywanttheprocessspeededup.Theyalsowantafurther$25

billion,possiblyattachedtothesecondversionoftheWallStreetrescuebill.Thelogicof

bailingoutWallStreetisthatfinanceunderpinseverything.Detroitcannotbegintomake

thatclaim.But,givenitssuccessfullobbying,canitbelongbeforeailingairlinesand

failingretailersjointhequeue?

12、Americancarmakers,especiallytheBigThree,arcindeeptroublebecauseofthe

followingfactorsEXCEPT

A、theincreasinglyhighpetrolprices

B、theimpactofimportedcarsfromothercountrieslikeJapan

C、thetightercreditwhichimpairscustomers'financecapability

D^theconsumers5preferencetomorefuel-efficientvehicles

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：R

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段第三句和第五句以及第二段首句闡明了汽車制造商受

到打擊的多種因素，包?S用戶轉(zhuǎn)向青睞小型汽車、融資困難、高油價等，因此排除

［A］、［C］、［D］o但三巨頭流失的客戶轉(zhuǎn)向了日本公司在美國的工廠，且第三段第

二句提到，美國為了保^本國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)設(shè)置了關(guān)稅壁壘，使得外國汽車制造商不得

不在美國設(shè)廠，因而直諼從日本等國進(jìn)口的汽車并非重大威脅，故選［B］。

13、Thepassagesuggeststhatinfactcanreceivetheguaranteedloans.

A、allcarmakersinneedofretooling

B、oldU.S.carmakersanddealerscaughtintrouble

C>factoriesofforeigncarmakersintheU.S.

D、majorcarmakersliketheBigThree

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。取據(jù)第五段末句可知，除了金融行業(yè)，能拿到政府巨額補(bǔ)貼

的往往是一些大公司，因此［D］為正確答案。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，法案以工廠

至少具有20年歷史為限，因此并非所有陷入危機(jī)的美國汽車生產(chǎn)商都有資格申請

政府貸款，而且也不面向汽車經(jīng)銷商，故排除［A］和［B］；根據(jù)第三段末句可知，上

述限制條件看似對美資和外資企業(yè)一視同仁，實則幾乎將所有的外資汽車工廠排除

在外，當(dāng)然歷史較短的美國汽車企業(yè)也不具備資格，而一些日本汽車工廠即使符合

條件，恐怕也拿不到優(yōu)惠貸款，故排除［C］。

14、Politiciansapprovetheloanguaranteeforcarmakersbecauseofthefollowing

reasonsEXCEPTthat.

A、themoneyneededjustbecomesavailable

B>thebankersreceiveamuchlargersum

C>theyhopetowinmorevotesbydoingso

D^thecarindustryneedshelp

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)第四段第二句可知，政府提供給金融行業(yè)高達(dá)7000億

美元的援助，給汽車行業(yè)區(qū)區(qū)250億美元乂為何不可?而且根據(jù)前兩段的介紹，汽

車行業(yè)的確遭遇困境，急需資金。又根據(jù)第四段最后兩句可知，政客們對該法案投

贊成票，可以表明自己支持汽車行業(yè)和幫助汽車工人渡過難關(guān)，從而有助于自己贏

得更多的選票。因此［B］、［C］、［D］都是促成資助汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的貸款擔(dān)保法案通過的

因索，并不是因為政府一下子有了錢，故選［A］。

二、簡答題（本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。）

15、PASSAGEONE

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Makingthecompetitionfair.

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段。根據(jù)坡后一段引述的空客方面人士的

表態(tài)，空客認(rèn)為波音787也得到了國家補(bǔ)貼，暗示空客為避免在競爭中落后，也必

須獲得相應(yīng)的補(bǔ)貼，因此可推斷l(xiāng)evellingtheplayingfield是指使競爭公平.故答案

是"Makingthecompetitionfair.

16、PASSAGETWO

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Hecouldhaveachievedmorewithhisgenius.

知識點解析：山題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段。mostaccomplished肯定了達(dá)-芬奇的成

就，同時underachievers（字面意思為“成就不足者”）又暗示他本應(yīng)取得更高的成就。

縱觀文中對達(dá)-芬奇畫風(fēng)的描述，特別是第八段前兩句指出他善于深入觀察和細(xì)致

表現(xiàn)，第九段首句指出他有時候會花上幾年的時間去思索一幅畫?？梢?，達(dá)?芬奇

一方面表現(xiàn)出了杰出的藝術(shù)才能，另一方面正是因為他繪畫時極其認(rèn)真、細(xì)致，所

以完成的作品不多，不是一，個高產(chǎn)的畫家，故答案是“Hecouldhaveachievedmore

withhisgenius.

PASSAGETHREE

17、Whyisthereproductivecollapseparticularlywonying?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Becauseitcomesalongwithanincreaseinlifeexpectancy.

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段。該段首句指出，這種出生人口的驟減尤

其令人擔(dān)憂，因為它與平均壽命的延長相伴隨。所以答案為“Becauseitcomesalong

withanincreaseinlifeexpectancy.

18、Whatdoes"thelinehadakinkinit"（Para.4）mean?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Theturningpointappearedintheline.

知識點解析：由題干定位到第四段。該段指出，回顧1975年，圖表曲線顯示，生

育率隨著HDI的上升而下降；而2005年時，在HDI約大于0.9時，曲線沒有下

降，反而上升，由此可知，曲線上出現(xiàn)了一個轉(zhuǎn)折點，所以答案是“Theturning

pointappearedintheline.

19>Whatdoestheword"uptick'*attheendofthe5thparagraphreferto?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：IncreasingfertilityratesincountrieswithHDIabove0.9.

知識點解析：由題干定位到第五段。該段解釋了發(fā)生“人口轉(zhuǎn)變”（即國家越發(fā)達(dá)生

育率越低）的原因。最后一句中的conversely表明此處行文發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，轉(zhuǎn)而解釋另

一現(xiàn)象，即第四段介紹的“J形''分布：一些國家在發(fā)展到HDI超過0.9時，生育

率不降反升。根據(jù)邁斯基拉博士的觀點，一些最發(fā)達(dá)國家實施了有利于婦女的就業(yè)

政策，使得婦女可以多生核子而無后顧之憂。因此答案是“Increasingfertilityrates

incountrieswithHDIabove0.9.

PASSAGEFOUR

20、What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheindustrialsubsidypolicyofthe

government?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Slightlycritical.

知識點解析：作者盡管認(rèn)為汽車行'也遭遇危機(jī)，需要援助，但對產(chǎn)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼政策的弊

端是持批評態(tài)度的，故答案是“Slightlycritical.第三段第二句指出，政府在法

案中對申請貸款擔(dān)保的條件做了巧妙的限制，只有老牌的美國汽車公司才能獲得優(yōu)

惠待遇：根據(jù)第四段后三句可知，政客們在批準(zhǔn)巨額貸款擔(dān)保時，政治因素（為援

助金融系統(tǒng)的7000億美元自圓其說、贏得選票等）是主要的，真正幫助汽車行業(yè)

擺脫困境的動機(jī)反而只是陪襯；第五段首句則進(jìn)一步表明了作者的擔(dān)憂：政府補(bǔ)貼

往往流向大公司，此情形可能一發(fā)不可收拾。綜上可知作者的態(tài)度是“Slightly

critical.

21、Whatisthefunctionofthe5thparagraphinthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Starttomakeanadditionalpoint.

知識點解析：文章前半部分介紹的是美國汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)（特別是三巨頭）身陷經(jīng)濟(jì)困境，

而聯(lián)邦政府則慷慨解囊，提供巨額貸款擔(dān)保；從第五段開始則從政府援助汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)

的措施說起，觸及政府產(chǎn)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼政策的弊端：大公司通過游說獲得巨額補(bǔ)貼，而且

得寸進(jìn)尺，并且預(yù)言除金融、汽車之外的其他行業(yè)可能也將要求政府的援助，導(dǎo)致

產(chǎn)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼一發(fā)不可收拾。因此第五段轉(zhuǎn)向另一個話題，不再局限于汽車行業(yè)，因此

答案是“Starttomakeanadditionalpoint.

22、Whatdoes"thatclaim"inthelastparagraphreferto?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Thecarindustryisasimportantasthefinancialindustry.

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)健詞定位到原文最后一段。該段倒數(shù)第二句中的Detroit指

代美國的汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)。第五段末句已提到，大公司善于通過游說將政府的巨額補(bǔ)貼納

入自己的腰包。金融界要求政府資助的一個有力的理由便是：“金融支撐一

^^（financeunderpinseverything）o顯然，盡管汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)對維持就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長也十

分重要，但卻無法聲稱芻己具有和金融業(yè)同等的重要性，能起到國民經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈的作

用，故答案是"Thecarindustryisasimportantasthefinancialindustry.

專業(yè)英語八級（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、選擇題（本題共74題，每題1.0分，共74分。）

Theoilindustryhasbeenonahotstreakthisyear,thankstoaseriesofmajordiscoveries

thathaverekindledasenseofexcitementacrossthepetroleumsector,despitefalling

pricesandatougheconomy.Thesediscoveries,spanningfivecontinents,aretheresultof

heftyinvestmentsthatbeganearlierinthedecadewhenoilpricesrose,andofnew

technologiesthatallowexplorerstodrillatgreaterdepthsandbreaktougherrocks.

"That's