福建省寧德市2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

寧德市2024—2025學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末高二質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1、本試卷共12頁(yè)。滿分150分。答題時(shí)間120分鐘。2、答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的班級(jí)、姓名填寫(xiě)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。3、全部答案在答題卡上完成，答在本試卷上無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthehotel.B.Ontheplane.C.Attheairport.2.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Takingajobinterview.B.Chattingwithafriend.C.Makingaspeech.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Chemicalexperiments.B.Italianculture.C.Cooking.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Gohome.B.Attendaclass.C.Emailherprofessor.5.Whenistheconfirmedappointmentfortheman’seyetest?A.At10:00.B.At10:30.C.At11:30.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whatisthemanthinkingabout?A.Themeetingschedule.B.Thetouristdestination.C.Theoverseasstudydestination.7.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Talkwithherteacher.B.Pickupherdaughter.C.Haveadancelesson.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhendidthemanstarttoliveinAmerica?A.In2011.B.In2013.C.In2016.9.WhatchallengedidthemanfacewhenhereturnedtoJapan?A.Languagebarriers.B.Hisnationality.C.Cultureshock.10.WhydoesthemanadapttoJapaneseculturenow?A.Japanesepeoplelikemakingfriends.B.Japanesepeoplerespectothers’opinions.C.Japanesepeopledon’thavedifferentopinions.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Socialmedia.B.Awearabledevice.C.Sportsandfitness.12.WhatdoesthestudyaboutFitkitfocuson?A.AccuracyofFitkit.B.Sleepingheartrate.C.Physicalactivities.13.HowdoesthemanfindhisFitkit?A.Cheap.B.Uncomfortable.C.Recommendable.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdoesthewoman’sjobinvolve?A.Cookingmeals.B.Makingclothes.C.Bookingphotographers.15.Whydosomepeoplehireaweddingplanner?A.Tosavetime.B.Tolowerthecosts.C.Toattendtheparty.16.Whatdidthewomandobeforeshebecameaweddingplanner?A.Sheranarestaurant.B.Shehostedtheopen-airevent.C.Shevolunteeredforanorganization.17.Howdidthewomanattractcustomers?A.Bytakingtraining.B.Bypresentingbeautifulpictures.C.Byshowingthemwrittenreferences.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeaker’sfutureoccupationchoice?A.Anauthor.B.Aninterpreter.C.Ateacher.19.Whichsubjectcanexpandculturalbackgroundknowledge?A.Math.B.English.C.Literature.20.Whatisthespeaker’sfamily’sattitudetowardhischoice?A.Favorable.B.Doubtful.C.Opposed.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThisisthe

HeritageOpenDays,whichlargelyhappensoutsideLondon.Allarefree,someneedbookinginadvance,otherwise,justturnupontheday.ParndonHallOpenDaysThePrincessAlexandraHospitalNHSTrust,HamstelRoad,Harlow,EssexTheformerhomeofLoftus&ElizabethArkwright,ParndonHallwasbuiltin1867.Elizabethdecoratedroomswithpaintings,aswasthefashionatthetime,butnowthehouseisusedbythehospitalandtheoriginalroomshavenewpurposes.?Saturday18September:11:00;12:30;14:00;15:00?Sunday19September:11:00;12:30;14:00;15:00BOOKINGNEEDEDHighLighthouseOpenDaysHighLighthouse,WestStreet,Harwich,EssexTheHighLighthousewasbuiltin1818tolineupwiththeLowLighthouse,nowtheMaritimeMuseum,whichisalsoaheritage.Togethertheyoperatedasleadinglightsforshipping.Itwaslastusedasalighthousein1863.Ithasbeeninuseasaradiomuseumandasacouncilhouse.ClimbtothetopforadramaticviewoftheHarwicharea.?Saturday11September:10:00-16:00?Sunday12September:10:00-16:00CaptainJonesHouseOpenDaysCaptainJonesHouse,21,KingsHeadStreet,Harwich,EssexThisisthehomeofthemasteroftheMayflower,amajorityofwhichisstillinoriginalcondition.Thishousehasbeenmaintainedashistoricallyaccurateaspossiblesubjecttomodernisationsuchaselectricity.?Saturday11September:11:00-15:00?Sunday12September:11:00-15:001.WhatcanweknowaboutParndonHall?A.YoucanseeElizabeth’spaintingsthere. B.ItcanbevisitedthewholeSaturday.C.Youhavetomakeareservationtovisitit. D.Itsdecorationsarestillfashionable.2.HowmanyheritagescanyouvisitinHarwich?A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.3.Whatdotheseopendayshaveincommon?A.TheyhappeninearlySeptember. B.Theyalllastfivehours.C.TheyareheldinHarwich. D.Theyareopenataspecifictime.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了遺址開(kāi)放日期間三個(gè)開(kāi)放場(chǎng)所的相關(guān)信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ParndonHallOpenDays部分中“BOOKINGNEEDED(需要預(yù)訂)”可知，參觀ParndonHall需要提前預(yù)訂。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HighLighthouseOpenDays部分中“HighLighthouse,WestStreet,Harwich,Essex(高燈塔，西街，哈威奇，埃塞克斯)”和“TheHighLighthousewasbuiltin1818tolineupwiththeLowLighthouse,nowtheMaritimeMuseum,whichisalsoaheritage.(高燈塔建于1818年，與現(xiàn)在的海事博物館——低燈塔在一條直線上，低燈塔也是一處遺產(chǎn))”；根據(jù)CaptainJonesHouseOpenDays部分中“CaptainJonesHouse,21,KingsHeadStreet,Harwich,Essex(瓊斯船長(zhǎng)之家，21號(hào)，國(guó)王頭街，哈威奇，埃塞克斯)”和“CaptainJonesHouse,21,KingsHeadStreet,Harwich,Essex(瓊斯船長(zhǎng)之家，位于埃塞克斯郡哈里奇國(guó)王頭街21號(hào))”可知，在哈威奇（Harwich）可以參觀高燈塔、低燈塔（海事博物館）和瓊斯船長(zhǎng)之家3處遺址。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ParndonHallOpenDays部分“?Saturday18September:11:00;12:30;14:00;15:00?Sunday19September:11:00;12:30;14:00;15:00(?9月18日周六：11:00；12:30；14:00；15:00?9月19日周日：11:00；12:30；14:00；15:00)”、HighLighthouseOpenDays部分“?Saturday11September:10:00-16:00?Sunday12September:10:00-16:00(?9月11日周六：10:00-16:00?9月12日周日：10:00-16:00)”以及CaptainJonesHouseOpenDays部分“?Saturday11September:11:00-15:00?Sunday12September:11:00-15:00(?9月11日周六：11:00-15:00?9月12日周日：11:00-15:00)”可知，這三個(gè)開(kāi)放日都在特定時(shí)間開(kāi)放。故選D項(xiàng)。BThe“FatheroftheNationalParkSystem,”JohnMuirwasaninfluentialwriter,naturalist,andenvironmentalistduringthelate19thandearly20thcenturies.Bornin1838inDunbar,Scotland,hemovedtotheUnitedStateswithhisfamilyandwasattractedbytheland.Hewasaprize-winninginventor,butit’shisloveforwildplacesandabsolutedevotiontoprotectingthemthatwerememberhimfor.Asayoungman,heexploredtheNorthAmericancontinentbyfoot,walkingthousandsofmilesuntilheeventuallysettledinCalifornia.There,hefellinlovewithYosemiteValleyandtheSierraNevadaMountains.Hisarticleseries,“StudiesintheSierra,”puthisnameonthemapandlaunchedaprolificwritingcareer,withover300articlesand10bookspublished.Atruemountainman,heencouragedeveryoneto“climbthemountainsandgettheirgoodtidings”.Hiswritingsinspiredpresidents,congressmen,andaveragecitizenstocareaboutnature.In1890,dueinlargeparttoaseriesofarticleshepublishedinCenturymagazine,U.S.CongresscreatedYosemiteNationalPark.MuirwasalsoinvolvedinthecreationoftheSequoia,MountRainier,PetrifiedForest,andGrandCanyonNationalParks,thusearninghistitle.Buthisworkdidn’tstopthere:in1892MuirandhissupportersfoundedtheSierraClubto“dosomethingforwildnessandmakethemountainsglad.”In1901,hepublishedthebook“OurNationalParks”andcaughttheattentionofPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt,whovisitedhimatYosemite.Duringthatvisit,theylaidthefoundationofRoosevelt’sgroundbreakingprotectionprograms.Muirdiedin1914,buthismemoryliveson,continuingtoinspirenewgenerationsofenvironmentalisteverywhere.4.Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“prolific”inParagraph2?A.High-paying. B.Normal. C.Full-time. D.Productive.5.WhatcontributedtoMuir’swritingcareer?A.Hisloveforwildplaces. B.Hisworkasanenvironmentalist.C.Hisdevotiontonationalparks. D.HisexplorationofAmericancontinents.6.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph3?A.Muir’sarticlesearnedhimhistitle.B.Muirappealedfortheprotectionofnationalparks.C.Muirinspiredpeopletovisitnationalparks.D.Muir’sarticleshadaninfluenceonofficialdecision.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMuir?A.Adventurousandcommitted. B.Determinedandhumorous.C.Honestandcourageous. D.Generousandinspirational.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了“國(guó)家公園系統(tǒng)之父”——約翰·繆爾是19世紀(jì)末和20世紀(jì)初一位有影響力的作家、自然學(xué)家和主義者。他對(duì)荒野的熱愛(ài)促成了他的寫(xiě)作生涯，同時(shí)他通過(guò)寫(xiě)作來(lái)號(hào)召人們保護(hù)荒野?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“withover300articlesand10bookspublished(發(fā)布了300多篇文章和10本書(shū))”可知，JohnMuir是個(gè)多產(chǎn)的作家，由此可推知，劃線單詞意為“多產(chǎn)的”，與D項(xiàng)“Productive.(多產(chǎn)的)”意思一樣，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Asayoungman,heexploredtheNorthAmericancontinentbyfoot,walkingthousandsofmilesuntilheeventuallysettledinCalifornia.There,hefellinlovewithYosemiteValleyandtheSierraNevadaMountains.Hisarticleseries,“StudiesintheSierra,”puthisnameonthemapandlauncheda

prolific

writingcareer,withover300articlesand10bookspublished.(作為一個(gè)年輕人，他徒步探索了北美大陸，走了數(shù)千英里，最終定居在加利福尼亞。在那里，他愛(ài)上了約米蒂山谷和內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈。他的文章系列《內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈研究》使他聲名鵲起，開(kāi)啟了一段多產(chǎn)的寫(xiě)作，出版了300多篇文章和10本書(shū)。)”可知，Muir對(duì)荒野的熱愛(ài)促成了他的寫(xiě)作生涯，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hiswritingsinspiredpresidents,congressmen,andaveragecitizenstocareaboutnature.In1890,dueinlargeparttoaseriesofarticleshepublishedinCenturymagazine,U.S.CongresscreatedYosemiteNationalPark.MuirwasalsoinvolvedinthecreationoftheSequoia,MountRainier,PetrifiedForest,andGrandCanyonNationalParks,thusearninghistitle.(他的著作激勵(lì)了總統(tǒng)、國(guó)會(huì)議員和普通公民關(guān)注自然。1890年，由于他在《世紀(jì)》雜志上發(fā)表系列文章，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)創(chuàng)建了約塞米蒂國(guó)家公園。穆?tīng)栠€參與了紅木、雷尼爾山、化石森林和大峽谷國(guó)家的創(chuàng)建，因此贏得了“國(guó)家公園之父”的稱號(hào)。)”可知，繆爾（Muir）的文章對(duì)官方的決定有影響，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Asayoungman,heexploredtheNorthAmericancontinentbyfoot,walkingthousandsofmilesuntilheeventuallysettledinCalifornia.(作為一個(gè)年輕人，他徒步探索了北美大陸，走了數(shù)千英里，最終定居在加利福尼亞。)”可知，Muir愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)；根據(jù)第三段中“Hiswritingsinspiredpresidents,congressmen,andaveragecitizenstocareaboutnature.(他的著作激勵(lì)了總統(tǒng)、國(guó)會(huì)議員和普通公民關(guān)注自然。)”和第四段中“Buthisworkdidn’tstopthere:in1892,MuirandhissupportersfoundedtheSierraClubto“dosomethingforwildnessandmakethemountainsglad.”In1901,hepublishedthebook“OurNationalParks”andcaughttheattentionofPresidentTheodoreRoosevelt,whovisitedhimatYosemite.Duringthatvisit,theylaidthefoundationofRoosevelt’sgroundbreakingprotectionprograms.(但他的工作并未止步于此：1892年，繆爾和他的支持者們創(chuàng)立了塞拉俱樂(lè)部，旨在“為野地做點(diǎn)什么，讓群山歡欣鼓舞”。1901年，他出版了《我們的國(guó)家公園》一書(shū)，引起了西奧多羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)的關(guān)注，羅斯福總統(tǒng)訪問(wèn)了他在優(yōu)勝美地的居所。在那次訪問(wèn)期間，他們奠定了羅斯福開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的保護(hù)計(jì)劃的基礎(chǔ))”可知，他致力于保護(hù)荒野，寫(xiě)了很多作品，并一直堅(jiān)持，所以說(shuō)他很堅(jiān)定，故選A。CAnexperimentalpairofglovesisn’tparticularlyfashionableorusefulforkeepinganyone’shandswarm.Insteadtheglovesusetactile(觸覺(jué)的)sensorswovenintoitsfabrictoserveanentirelydifferentpurpose:teachingpianoandotherhands-onskills.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologygraduatestudentYiyueLuoandhercolleaguescreatedthese“smartgloves”usingtactiletechnology,whichincludesphysicalsensationssuchasvibrations(震動(dòng))orforcetohelpwithtactileactivities.Researchersusedtheglovestorecordonepianist’shandmovementswhileplayingasong.Theythenrelayedthosemovementstoastudentthroughfingertipvibrations,helpingthelearnerbuildmusclememoryandperformthepiecewithgreateraccuracy.“Hand-basedmovementslikepianoplayingarenormallyreallysubjectiveanddifficulttorecordandtransfer,”Luosays.“Butwiththeseglovesweareactuallyabletotrackoneperson’stouchexperienceandshareitwithanotherpersontoimprovetheirtactilelearningprocess.”Usingacomputerizedembroidery(刺繡)machine,theteamfixedsmallwireslinkedtoapressure-sensingmaterialintheglovestodetecthandmotions.Whenapianoteacherwearingtheglovesrepeatedlyperformedatune,amachine-learningalgorithm(運(yùn)算法則)processedtheirmovementonthekeysandtranslateditintoinstructionalvibrations.Studentswearingtheirownglovesthenattemptedtoplaythesametune,withthefingertipvibrationsguidingthemthroughpropermovements.Bythetrials’end,studentswhohadpracticedwiththeglovescouldplaymoreaccuratelythanthosewhohadnot.Theteamalsotestedthegloves’abilitytoaidpeopleplayingonlinegameswithamouseandkeyboard,recordingmotionsfromexperiencedplayerstoguidegreenhands.Peoplewhogamedwiththegloves’guidancescoredbetteronaveragethanthosewhodidnot.Playingpianoorvideogamesisoftenjustforfun,butLuoaddsthatwithanimprovedalgorithm,codedtoidentifyandcatchfinerhandmovements,thenewglovetechnologycouldsomedayhelptoteachcrucialpracticessuchasmedicaloperations.8.Inwhichpracticecanthesmartglovesbeunavailable?A.Playingtheguitar. B.Singingsongs.C.Teachingsignlanguage. D.Typingonakeyboard.9.Whatisthefunctionofthepressure-sensingmaterial?A.Torecordsongs.B.Totranslatetunes.C.Tokeephandswarm.D.Tomonitorhandmovements.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theglovesaredesignedforfun.B.Thegloveshavebeenputintouse.C.Theglovescanbeusedtoidentifycodes.D.Thegloveswillbeusedinmorefields.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anintroductiontoapromisingtechnology.B.Anadvertisementofanewproduct.C.Anapproachtoteachingpiano.D.Aninstructionforacomputerizedmachine.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院研發(fā)的能教技能的“智能手套”及其用途?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Insteadtheglovesusetactile(觸覺(jué)的)sensorswovenintoitsfabrictoserveanentirelydifferentpurpose:teachingpianoandotherhands-onskills.(相反，這副手套使用了織入其織物中的觸覺(jué)傳感器，以實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)完全不同的目的：教授鋼琴以及其他需要?jiǎng)邮植僮鞯募寄堋?”可知，這種智能手套用于教像彈鋼琴這樣的需要?jiǎng)邮值募寄?。而唱歌主要是用嗓子，不需要?jiǎng)邮植僮鳎灾悄苁痔自凇俺琛边@種實(shí)踐中不可用。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中的“Usingacomputerizedembroidery(刺繡)machine,theteamfixedsmallwireslinkedtoapressure-sensingmaterialintheglovestodetecthandmotions.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)使用一臺(tái)電腦刺繡機(jī)，將與壓力感應(yīng)材料相連的細(xì)電線固定在手套中，以監(jiān)測(cè)手部動(dòng)作。)”可知，壓力感應(yīng)材料連接著小電線，其功能是監(jiān)測(cè)手部運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Playingpianoorvideogamesisoftenjustforfun,butLuoaddsthatwithanimprovedalgorithm,codedtoidentifyandcatchfinerhandmovements,thenewglovetechnologycouldsomedayhelptoteachcrucialpracticessuchasmedicaloperations.(彈鋼琴或玩電子游戲通常只是為了娛樂(lè)，但羅藝悅補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，通過(guò)改進(jìn)算法，對(duì)算法進(jìn)行編程以識(shí)別和捕捉更細(xì)微的手部動(dòng)作，這種新的手套技術(shù)有朝一日可能會(huì)有助于教授像醫(yī)療手術(shù)這樣關(guān)鍵的操作技能。)”可知，這種手套將會(huì)被應(yīng)用到更多的領(lǐng)域。故選D。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Anexperimentalpairofglovesisn’tparticularlyfashionableorusefulforkeepinganyone’shandswarm.Insteadtheglovesusetactile(觸覺(jué)的)sensorswovenintoitsfabrictoserveanentirelydifferentpurpose:teachingpianoandotherhands-onskills.(一副實(shí)驗(yàn)性的手套既算不上特別時(shí)尚，也不能很好地為人們的雙手保暖。相反，這副手套使用了織入其織物中的觸覺(jué)傳感器，以實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)完全不同的目的：教授鋼琴以及其他需要?jiǎng)邮植僮鞯募寄堋?”可知，文章開(kāi)篇介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院研究生研發(fā)的“智能手套”，接著闡述了其工作原理、在教彈鋼琴和玩游戲方面的應(yīng)用，最后提到未來(lái)可能應(yīng)用到醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域，所以文章主要是對(duì)一種有前景的技術(shù)（智能手套技術(shù)）的介紹。故選A。DInanerawhenonlinemisinformationisseeminglyeverywhereandobjectivefactsareofteninargument,UCBerkeleypsychologistsinanewstudyhavepresentedasomewhatcontradictorypartialsolution:Exposeyoungchildrentomoremisinformationonline—notless.Orticio,aPh.D.studentinUCBerkeley’sDepartmentofPsychology,andhiscolleaguesusedapairofexperimentsinvolving122childrenagedfourtoseventotesthowtheirlevelofskepticism(懷疑)changedindifferentonlineenvironments.Thefirststudyexposedthemtoane-bookwithvaryingdegreesoftrueandfalsestatementsaboutanimals.Nexttoapictureofazebra,forexample,somechildrenwereshowntruthslikethatzebrashadblackandwhitestripes.Otherswereshownfalsehoodsaboutzebrasbeingredandgreen.Basedonthatinformation,theyindicatedwhethertheclaimsweretrueorfalse.Asecondstudysimulated(模擬)searchengineresultsandposedsimilaranimalfactsandfictions.Next,childrenevaluatedthetruthofanewclaimwithinthatsamedigitalcontext,thistimeaboutanalienspeciescalledZorpies.Onascreenwereimagesof20so-calledZorpies.Oneofthealien’sfacesshowedthatithadthreeeyes;therestoftheZorpiesworedarksunglassesthatcoveredtheireyes.ChildrenwerethenaskedtodecidewhetherallZorpieshadthreeeyes.Butbeforemakingtheirfinaldecision,participantswereallowedtofact-checktheclaimbytappinganynumberofthealiens,removingtheirsunglassesandrevealingtheireyes.Sincechildrenknewnothingaboutthealiens,theirskepticismcouldonlycomefromtheirassessmentofhowreliablethisdigitalplatformwas.Researchersfoundthatthechildrenwhowerethemosthardworkingaboutfact-checkingtheZorpiesclaimswerealsotheoneswhosawmorefalseclaimsaboutanimalsearlierinthestudy.Meanwhile,thosewhohadmorereliableenvironmentswithfewerfalseclaimsearlierinthestudydidalmostnofact-checking.Acomputersimulationconfirmedthatthechildreninthemoreunreliableenvironmentsweremorelikelytorevealpotentialmisinformation.12.Whatdopsychologistsrecommendtohelpchildrendealwithonlinemisinformation?A.Toleavetheminalessprotectedinformationenvironment.B.Tohelpthemsortoutdifferentkindsofinformation.C.Torequirethemtocollectsomeusefulinformation.D.Tohelpthemdeveloptheabilityofthecriticalthinking.13.Whowillbemorelikelytobecomeagoodfact-checker?A.Thechildrenworkinghardertomakestatements.B.Thechildrenseeingmorefalseclaims.C.Thechildrenexposedtomoredigitalcontexts.D.Thechildrenexposedtomorereliableenvironments.14.Howweretheexperimentsconducted?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Bymakingquestionnaires.C.Byanalyzingdocuments.D.Byinterviewingparticipants.15.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperiments?A.Theywerecarriedoutthroughthesameonlinedigitalplatform.B.ParticipantscantapthenumberofZorpiestogettrueinformation.C.Participantscanremovethesunglassesforreference.DTheybothpresentedfalseinformationtotheparticipants.【答案】12.A13.B14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的心理學(xué)家通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓孩子接觸更多網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息能提高他們的懷疑精神和事實(shí)核查能力?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Inanerawhenonlinemisinformationisseeminglyeverywhereandobjectivefactsareofteninargument,UCBerkeleypsychologistsinanewstudyhavepresentedasomewhatcontradictorypartialsolution:Exposeyoungchildrentomoremisinformationonline—notless.(在一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息似乎無(wú)處不在、客觀事實(shí)常引發(fā)爭(zhēng)議的時(shí)代，加州大學(xué)伯克利分校的心理學(xué)家在一項(xiàng)新研究中提出了一個(gè)看似矛盾的部分解決方案：讓幼兒更多而非更少地接觸網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛假信息)”可知，心理學(xué)家建議讓孩子處于一個(gè)較少受到保護(hù)的信息環(huán)境，接觸更多虛假信息。故選A項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“ResearchersfoundthatthechildrenwhowerethemosthardworkingaboutfactcheckingtheZorpiesclaimswerealsotheoneswhosawmorefalseclaimsaboutanimalsearlierinthestudy.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在核查關(guān)于佐皮人說(shuō)法的真實(shí)性方面最努力的孩子，也是那些在研究早期看到更多關(guān)于動(dòng)物虛假說(shuō)法的孩子)”可知，看到更多虛假說(shuō)法的孩子更有可能成為優(yōu)秀的事實(shí)核查者。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thefirststudyexposedthemtoane-bookwithvaryingdegreesoftrueandfalsestatementsaboutanimals.Nexttoapictureofazebra,forexample,somechildrenwereshowntruthslikethatzebrashadblackandwhitestripes.Otherswereshownfalsehoodsaboutzebrasbeingredandgreen.Basedonthatinformation,theyindicatedwhethertheclaimsweretrueorfalse.Asecondstudysimulated(模擬)searchengineresultsandposedsimilaranimalfactsandfictions.(第一項(xiàng)研究讓他們看一本電子書(shū)，里面有不同程度的關(guān)于動(dòng)物的真假陳述。例如，在一張斑馬的照片旁邊，一些孩子看到了斑馬有黑白條紋這樣的事實(shí)。其他人則被告知斑馬是紅色和綠色的謊言。根據(jù)這些信息，他們指出這些說(shuō)法是真是假。第二項(xiàng)研究模擬了搜索引擎的結(jié)果，并提出了類似的動(dòng)物事實(shí)和虛構(gòu))”和第五段中“ResearchersfoundthatthechildrenwhowerethemosthardworkingaboutfactcheckingtheZorpiesclaimswerealsotheoneswhosawmorefalseclaimsaboutanimalsearlierinthestudy.Meanwhile,thosewhohadmorereliableenvironmentswithfewerfalseclaimsearlierinthestudydidalmostnofactchecking.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在核查關(guān)于佐皮人說(shuō)法的真實(shí)性方面最努力的孩子，也是那些在研究早期看到更多關(guān)于動(dòng)物虛假說(shuō)法的孩子。與此同時(shí)，那些在研究早期處于更可靠環(huán)境、虛假說(shuō)法較少的孩子幾乎沒(méi)有進(jìn)行事實(shí)核查)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)對(duì)比不同信息環(huán)境下孩子的表現(xiàn)來(lái)進(jìn)行，即通過(guò)做比較的方式開(kāi)展實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ChildrenwerethenaskedtodecidewhetherallZorpieshadthreeeyes.Butbeforemakingtheirfinaldecision,participantswereallowedtofactchecktheclaimbytappinganynumberofthealiens,removingtheirsunglassesandrevealingtheireyes.(然后孩子們被要求判斷是否所有佐皮人都有三只眼睛。但在做出最終決定之前，參與者可以通過(guò)點(diǎn)擊任意數(shù)量的外星人、摘下他們的太陽(yáng)鏡并露出眼睛來(lái)核查這一說(shuō)法)”可知，參與者可以摘下外星人的太陽(yáng)鏡來(lái)獲取參考信息。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后所給的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Essaysareanextendedpieceofwritingthatpresentsanargumentorinformationonatopic.Theycanvaryinpurpose,styleandtypebuttheyallinvolvequestioning,assessinganddiscussingideasorevidence.Herearefourtipsonhowtowriteanessay:introducingyouressay,focusingonitstructure,usingquotesandsources,andendingwithaconclusion.Agoodintroductionexplainsthefactsthatthereaderneedstoknowfirst.___16___Beclearaboutyouraimsandalwayswriteinthethirdperson.It’sagoodideatobeginyouressayusingthesamestyleoflanguageasthequestion,toshowyouareansweringitdirectly.___17___Paragraphscanhelp.Startwitha“topicsentence”thatintroduceswhattheparagraphisabout.Attheend,bringyourtopictoaclosesothereadercanmoveontothenextidea.___18___Theyconnectittothepreviousone.Ifyouusedideasfromabookinyouressay,youcanincludesnippetsfromittosupportyourpoints.Thesearequotesandhavespeechmarksaroundthemtoshowtheyarenotyourwords.___19___Forexample,“DrRobertssays,‘Climatechangeis...’”.Attheendoftheessay,youcanlistallthebooksthathelpedyou.Inyourfinalparagraph,youshouldconcludebysummarisingallyourpointstoshowhowyouhaveansweredtheessayquestion.Youmightbeginthissectionwith“Inconclusion,”andyourtoneshouldbecon?dent.___20___A.Youshouldalsosharewhosaidit.B.Ithelpsreadersimprovetheirwritingskills.C.Tohelpthereaderfollowyourideas,youneedstructure.D.Writingessaysisanunavoidablebutfunpartofstudyinglotsofsubjects.E.Itsumsupwhattheessaywillbeaboutandwhatyouaretryingtoprove.F.Hereyoucanwriteinthefirstpersonandgiveyourownopiniononthetopic.G.Youcanusewordssuchas“however”or“furthermore”tostartanewparagraph.【答案】16.E17.C18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了如何書(shū)寫(xiě)一篇文章。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Agoodintroductionexplainsthefactsthatthereaderneedstoknowfirst.(一篇好的導(dǎo)言首先解釋了讀者需要知道的事實(shí))”以及后文“Beclearaboutyouraimsandalwayswriteinthethirdperson.It’sagoodideatobeginyouressayusingthesamestyleoflanguageasthequestion,toshowyouareansweringitdirectly.(明確你的目標(biāo)，用第三人稱寫(xiě)作。用與問(wèn)題相同的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格來(lái)開(kāi)始你的文章是個(gè)好主意，這樣可以表明你在直接回答問(wèn)題)”可知，本句主要說(shuō)明導(dǎo)言需要包含的內(nèi)容。故E選項(xiàng)“它概括了文章的內(nèi)容和你想要證明的東西”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。【17題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Paragraphscanhelp.Startwitha“topicsentence”thatintroduceswhattheparagraphisabout.Attheend,bringyourtopictoaclosesothereadercanmoveontothenextidea.(段落可以有所幫助。從“主題句”開(kāi)始，介紹這段話的內(nèi)容。最后，結(jié)束你的主題，這樣讀者就可以繼續(xù)下一個(gè)想法了)”可知，本段主要針對(duì)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)提出了一些建議，故C選項(xiàng)“為了幫助讀者理解你的想法，你需要結(jié)構(gòu)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Theyconnectittothepreviousone.(它們把它和前一個(gè)連接起來(lái))”可知，本句主要說(shuō)明如何連接段落，G選項(xiàng)中however和furthermore對(duì)應(yīng)后文They。故G選項(xiàng)“你可以用‘however’或‘furthermore’這樣的詞來(lái)開(kāi)始一個(gè)新的段落”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Forexample,“DrRobertssays,‘Climatechangeis...’”.Attheendoftheessay,youcanlistallthebooksthathelpedyou.(例如，“羅伯茨博士說(shuō)，‘氣候變化是……’”。在文章的最后，你可以列出所有幫助過(guò)你的書(shū))”可知，后文的例子表明需要說(shuō)明是誰(shuí)的觀點(diǎn)，故A選項(xiàng)“你也應(yīng)該分享是誰(shuí)說(shuō)的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inyourfinalparagraph,youshouldconcludebysummarisingallyourpointstoshowhowyouhaveansweredtheessayquestion.Youmightbeginthissectionwith“Inconclusion,”andyourtoneshouldbecon?dent.(在你的最后一段，你應(yīng)該總結(jié)你所有的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)表明你是如何回答文章問(wèn)題的。你可以用“總結(jié)”來(lái)開(kāi)始這個(gè)部分，你的語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)該自信)”可知，上文提到了如何寫(xiě)最后一段，且最后一段主要和自己的觀點(diǎn)有關(guān)，故F選項(xiàng)“在這里，你可以用第一人稱寫(xiě)出你對(duì)這個(gè)話題的看法”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。I’vealwayswantedtodoalongbikeride,andIlongedforahugeadventure.Iwas___21___thatthisadventurewouldbesortoflikeapersonal___22___.Ialsosawitasa(an)___23___toraiseawarenessabouttheTongassNationalForest.___24___,IwantedtoridemybiketoAlaskaalone,butthenI___25___thatitwouldbewaymorefuntodoitwithafriend,soIcalledAlex.Itwasan___26___adventure,andwedidalotofcoolthings.___27___,whatIsawmademesad.Wegottoseethehuman___28___onnatureinawaythatIjusthadn’tbeenexposedtobefore.Ihadafalse___29___thattherewasstillalotofuntouchednatureoutthere.Webiked2,400miles,anditturnedoutthatbasicallytheonlyplacesthatfelt____30____werethenationalparks.Everythingelsefeltlikeithadbeenloggedorminedorsomehowextracted.Thetownwe____31____throughgetsbiggerattheexpenseofcuttingdownallthetrees.____32____allthishumanimpact,Istronglyfelthowmuchtheworldwe’vealready____33____.IguessthattheonlyplacesonEarththathavenothad____34____humanimpactaretheplacesthatarejusttoodifficulttoreach.I____35____alotaboutit.It’soneofthosethingswhereyouhavetodecidebetweendoingsomethingthat’stotallygreenoryoucantellaninspiringstory.21.A.pitiful B.hopeful C.grateful D.graceful22.A.transformation B.freedom C.creation D.solution23.A.dream B.advertisement C.opportunity D.experiment24.A.Luckily B.Abnormally C.Gradually D.Originally25.A.realized B.doubted C.denied D.recommended26.A.identical B.incredible C.embarrassing D.academic27.A.Meanwhile B.Therefore C.Perhaps D.Otherwise28.A.dependence B.reflection C.impact D.affection29.A.story B.interaction C.decision D.perception30.A.unbalanced B.uncontrolled C.untouched D.unfinished31.A.ran B.worked C.cut D.biked32.A.Advocating B.Favoring C.Witnessing D.Approving33.A.destroyed B.protected C.explored D.polluted34.A.small B.meaningful C.positive D.massive35.A.admired B.thought C.dreamed D.complained【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.D32.C33.A34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者渴望長(zhǎng)途騎行冒險(xiǎn)，途中看到人類對(duì)自然的破壞，深刻意識(shí)到世界被破壞的程度，對(duì)此思考頗多?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直想進(jìn)行一次長(zhǎng)途騎行，并且渴望一場(chǎng)大冒險(xiǎn)。我希望這次冒險(xiǎn)能有點(diǎn)像一次個(gè)人的轉(zhuǎn)變。A.pitiful可憐的；B.hopeful抱有希望的；C.grateful感激的；D.graceful優(yōu)雅的。由上文“l(fā)ongedforahugeadventure”及后文對(duì)這次冒險(xiǎn)的期待描述可知，作者對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)是抱有希望的，hopeful符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望這次冒險(xiǎn)能有點(diǎn)像一次個(gè)人的轉(zhuǎn)變。A.transformation轉(zhuǎn)變；B.freedom自由；C.creation創(chuàng)造；D.solution解決辦法。由上文“thisadventurewouldbesortoflikeapersonal”可知，作者渴望通過(guò)這次冒險(xiǎn)，在個(gè)人方面有所變化，transformation符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我也把它看作是一個(gè)提高人們對(duì)湯加斯國(guó)家森林認(rèn)識(shí)的機(jī)會(huì)。A.dr