2024北京豐臺(tái)區(qū)高一（下）期中英語（B卷）及答案

試題PAGE1試題2024北京豐臺(tái)高一（下）期中英語（B卷）考試時(shí)間：90分鐘筆試（共三部分100分）第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Thoughnewtermhadbegunforweeks,thenewgirlMollystillremained1aroundherclassmates.Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay,yetIcouldseehereyeslongingfor2.Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.“Brianna,Mollylooksawfully3.ouldyouinvitehertojoinus?”Isaid.Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas4todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.Ihadspecifically5herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatolly.Knowingthischoicewas6her,IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaD-buck,ourclasscurrency(貨幣).Ineededto7hercooperation.“Here,I’ll8youforyourtime.”Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreenpaper,andheadedoff.Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith9.Aminutelater,BriannacamebackandhandedmetheD-buck.“Ishouldn’tkeepthis.”Hereyesfelltoherfeet,10radiatingfromherquietvoice.“Idon’twantMollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnaD-buck.She’smyfriend.”ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthefirsttimethatweek?Molly.1.A.satisfied B.surprised C.awkward D.ashamed2.A.trust B.acceptance C.understanding D.respect3.A.angry B.puzzled C.serious D.lonely 4.A.unwilling B.eager C.determined D.disappointed5.A.studied B.selected C.supported D.examined6.A.comforting B.warning C.paining D.protecting7.A.consider B.permit C.check D.ensure8.A.help B.pay C.prepare D.forgive9.A.relief B.concern C.sorrow D.regret10.A.excitement B.courage C.guilt D.impatience第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。ATheworldwillobserveInternationalMuseumDayonMay18th.Since1977,thisday11(celebrate)bytheInternationalCouncilofMuseumsannuallytoraiseawarenessoftherolethatmuseumsplayinthedevelopmentofsociety.Thedayisanexcellentwayof12(get)moreoftheyoungergenerationsinterestedinthehistoryandcultureavailableinmuseums.Everyyear,theorganization13(decide)onanewtheme.Andthethemefor2023isMuseums,SustainabilityandWell-being.BIama22-year-oldartist.Myjourneythroughartledmetobeinganenvironmentalist.14weconsiderwastemaybeusefulwhenwethinkaboutitinadifferentlight.Althoughlargely15(ignore),materialsthrownawayprovideplentyofresourcesforusartiststogivethemasecondlife.Inmyhands,glassbottles,plasticbags,andotherwaste16(item)becomeaformofsustainableart.Iwanttomotivatethepeoplewhobuythistypeofarttocontributetotheplanet’swelfare.CReadingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,wecan17(mental)travelacrosstimeandspace.Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe’refacedwithadifficulttext.18(make)itaneasier,morerewardingexperienceyou’dreadinprintwhenpossible.Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyesarelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthose19screen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysicalpagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapoftheinformation,20inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AImmersiveVanGoghFromthecreatorsoftheblockbustershowinParisseenbyovertwomillionvisitorsandstillwowingcrowdsinToronto,thewestcoastpremiere(首場(chǎng))oftheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitwillbringtheartofVincenttolifeinLosAngeles.Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Theword

immersive

indicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.Truetoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconic(偶像的)paintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections.“ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist’smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.Youwillexperienceartlikeneverbefore—loseyourselfinentrancing,movingimagesthathighlightbrushstrokes,detail,andcolor—trulyilluminating(照亮)themindofthegenius.LOCATION TICKETPRICESVIPTICKETS—$99.99PriorityaccessVanGoghcushion(agiftforyou)LimitededitionposterPREMIUMTICKETS—$59.99VanGoghcushion(rental)LimitededitionposterBASICTICKETS—$54.99AdmissiononlyCHILDTICKETS—$29.99Ages6—16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)AdmissiononlyChildticketsarenotsubjecttochangeofdatefees Ticketsareavailableonlineat.GIFTSHOP StopbyourExhibitGiftShoptotakethemagicofVanGoghhomewithyou!Fromclothingandjewelrytohomedécor,children’sbooks,andsomuchmore,youwillfinduniqueandthoughtfulsouvenirsattheImmersiveVanGoghExhibit.Alsobesuretocheckoutatouronlinestore! ExperiencetheorganiclandscapesofVanGogh’simagination,andjourneythroughhisbrillianceandmadnessinacompletelynewandunforgettableway.21.Accordingtothepassage,theImmersiveVanGoghExhibit________.A.presentsVanGogh’sartinamodernwayB.beginsajourneytoVanGogh’shometownC.displaysVanGogh’spaintingsonmovingwallsD.designsprojectsonVanGogh’slearningexperience22.Fromwherecanpeoplefindinformationabouttheexactlocationoftheexhibit?A.Theticketoffice. B.Awebsite.C.Anemail. D.Thegiftshop.23.Howmuchshouldacouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushionatleastpayforthevisit?A.$109.98. B.$154.98.C.$ 159.98. D.$199.98. BNickTorrance,ajuniorinhighschool,suffersfrommusculardystrophy(肌肉萎縮癥),andattendsschoolinaspecializedwheelchair.Themusclediseasepreventshimfromaccomplishingmanyeverydaytasks,suchascarryinghisbooksandputtingthingsawayinhislocker.Sohehadafellowstudentassignedtohelphim.ButAmySmith,theschool’soccupationaltherapist(治療師),thoughtthatbeingabletodosomethingsimplelikeopeninghislockeronhisownwouldbeempowering.Amyinitiallythoughttheywouldbeabletobuyadevicetohelp.Butsearchingonlineturnedupnothingthatcouldmeettheirneeds—everythingneededakeycodeorsomeotherphysicalaction,thingsherdisabledstudentcouldn’tdo.Aftertheoutsidesearchforamethodcameupshort,shelookedwithintheschoolitselfforananswer.Amyturnedtotheschool’sroboticsinstructor.Theinstructor,inturn,suggestedthattwoofhismostcapablestudentstakeontheproject:MicahStuhldreherandWyattSmrcka.Theytookfirstplaceinanationalroboticscompetition,sotheywereanaturalchoicetotacklethelockerdoorproblemwitharoboticssolution.MicahandWyattwastednotimegettingdowntoworkandforanhoureachschoolday,theboysbrainstormed,built,andrebuiltvariousversionsofthedeviceuntiltheylandedontheperfectsolutiononeyearlater.Likeinanydevicedevelopment,ittookalotoftrialanderrorforMicahandWyatttomakesomethingthatwouldworkfortheirtargetaudience.Forexample,theyinitiallybuiltalocker-openingbutton,butNickwasn’tstrongenoughtopushit,sotheyreplaceditwithasensor.Now,betweenclassesNicksteershiselectricwheelchairtohislockerandwaveshishandoverasensoronthearmofthewheelchair.Afewsecondslater,thelockerdoorswingsopen.Anotherwaveclosesthedoor.Nickcanmakeitwithease—itmaybeasmallthing,butitgiveshimasenseofindependence.24.WhydidAmySmithwantadevice?A.Toincreaseherstudent’sconfidence.B.Toencouragecooperationatschool.C.Toinspirearoboticsinvention.D.Tohelptreatamuscledisease.25.Withasensorinhiswheelchair,Nickcan________.A.movearoundeasily B.puthisthingsawayC.continuehisschooling D.openandclosehislocker26.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeMicahandWyatt?A.Caringandpassionate. B.Talentedandambitious.C.Sensitiveandinsightful. D.Honestandwarmhearted. CHumans’overconsumption(過度消費(fèi))ofresourcesisaleadingcontributortoglobalclimatechange,saysUniversityofArizonaresearcherSabrinaHelm.Therefore,it’sincreasinglyimportanttounderstandthechoicesconsumersmakeandhowthosedecisionsaffectthehealthofaplanetwithlimitedresources.Inanewstudy,publishedinthejournalYoungConsumers,Helmandhercolleaguesexplorehowmaterialisticvaluesinfluencepro-environmentalbehaviorsinmillennials(千禧一代),whoarenowthenation’smostinfluentialgroupofconsumers.Theresearchersfocusedontwomaincategoriesofpro-environmentalbehaviors:reducedconsumption,whichincludesactionslikerepairinginsteadofreplacingolderitems;and“greenbuying,”orpurchasingproductsdesignedtolimitenvironmentalimpacts.Theresearchersalsolookedathowengaginginpro-environmentalbehaviorsaffectsconsumerwell-being.Morematerialisticparticipants,theresearchersfound,wereunlikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.However,materialismdidnotseemtohaveaneffectontheirlikelihoodofpracticing“greenbuying.”That’sprobablybecause“greenbuying,”unlikereducedconsumption,stilloffersawayformaterialiststofulfilltheirdesiretogetnewitems,Helmsaid.Studyparticipantswhoreportedhavingfewermaterialisticvaluesweremuchmorelikelytoengageinreducedconsumption.Consuminglesswas,inturn,linkedtohigherpersonalwell-beingandlowerpsychologicalsuffering.Greenbuying—whichmayhavesomepositiveenvironmentaleffects,althoughtoasmallerdegreethanreducedconsumption—wasnotfoundtoimproveconsumerwell-being,Helmsaid.Thetake-homemessageforconsumers:“Thekeyistoreduceconsumptionandnotjustbuygreenstuff.Havinglessandbuyinglesscanactuallymakeusmoresatisfiedandhappier,”Helmsaid.“Ifyouhavealotofstuff,youhavealotonyourmind,”shesaid.“Forexample,itrequiresmaintenanceandthere’salotofburdensofownership,andifyourelieveyourselfofthatburdenofownership,mostpeoplereportfeelingalotbetterandfreer.”Helmandhercolleaguesadditionallylookedathowmaterialismaffectsmillennialconsumers’proactivefinancialbehaviors,suchasbudgetingandsaving.Examiningfinancialbehaviorsalongsidepro-environmentalbehaviorsprovidesapictureofhowyoungadultsproactivelydealwithresourcelimitationsintwocontexts:environmentalandfinancial,Helmsaid.Asexpected,Helmandhercolleaguesfoundthatthosewhoreportedhavingmorematerialisticvaluesengagedinfewerproactivefinancialbehaviorsthantheirlessmaterialisticcounterparts(對(duì)應(yīng)的人).Theresearchersalsofoundthat,consistentwithpreviousstudies,proactivefinancialbehaviorswereassociatedwithbetterpersonalwell-being,lifesatisfactionandfinancialsatisfaction,aswellaslowerpsychologicalsuffering.Understandinghowmaterialisticvaluesimpactconsumerbehaviors,andhowthosebehaviorsinturnaffectpersonalandenvironmentalwell-being,isimportant,Helmsaid.However,sheacknowledgesthatformanyconsumers,shiftingbehaviorstobemorefinanciallyproactiveandconsumelesswillbechallenging.27.Whatdoweknowaboutpro-environmentalbehaviors? A.Theyareacauseofclimatechange. B.Theyleadtoamoresatisfyinglife. C.Theyvaryindifferentagegroups. D.Theyareaffectedbymaterialism.28.ItcanbelearnedfromHelm’sstudythat________. A.ownershipofgreenproductsbringsasenseofhappiness B.materialistspreferpracticinggreenbuyingtobuyingless C.greenbuyinghelpscontrolpeople’sdesiretobuynewitems D.buyinglessandgreenbuyinghavesimilareffectsonpeople29.Accordingtothestudy,whichofthefollowingmightimproveone’swell-being? A.Replacingolderitems. B.Developingnewresources. C.Buyinggreenerproducts. D.Beingcarefulwithexpenses.30.WhatisHelmprobablygoingtoexplaininthenextparagraph? A.Whenpeopledevelopproactivefinancialbehaviors. B.Whichfinancialbehaviorsleadtomentalwell-being. C.Whyitishardtochangepeople’sfinancialbehaviors. D.Howmaterialisticvaluesinfluencefinancialbehaviors. DAccordingtoa2018report,peopleagedbetween16and24makeupabout15percentofthepopulationbutonly10percentofmuseum-goers.Similarly,peopleagedover35gohalfasmuchasyouwouldexpectfromtheirpopulationsize.Wehavereachedthepointofrecognisingthedisconnectionbetweenartandtheaudiencebuthaven’tyetdeterminedhowtobridgethegap.Twoanswerstotacklingthischallengelieintellingagreaterdiversityofarthistoriesandcommunicatingthesestoriesinmoreaccessibleways.In2018,aradioprogramcalledArtMatterswasstartedwiththeaimofdiscussingartfromapop-cultureviewpointwithtopicsthatwouldengageyoungerandmorediverseaudience.Itoffersanaccessiblepathwaytoarthistorywithconversationsondifferenttopics.Arthistoryisaboutstorytelling;artcontentshineswhenthereisanefforttobringaudiencealongforthediscussion.Moretraditionalinstitutionsarepayingattention.RecentlytheGettyMuseumissuedasocial-mediachallengeforpeopletorecreatepaintingsusingitemstheyhadathome.Usersdisplayedincrediblecreativity,andthemuseumwasfloodedwithsubmissions.Thisreactionprovesthatthereisapotentialdesirefortheaudiencetoengagewitharttopicsiftheformatisappealing.Sincemanypeoplefeelintimidatedandthinkthatthere’sabaselevelofunderstandingrequiredtojointheconversation,theGettyinitiativeservesasareminderthattherearemanypathwaystoengagingwithit.AnotherresultoftheGettychallengewastheexposuregiventoadiversityofartworks.ThefamousoperasingerPeterBrathwaite,forexample,madescoresofattractiverecreationshighlightingcenturiesofblackpaintings.Hiseffortsopposedtheideathattherewerenotmanyhistoricalpaintingsofblackfigures.Itisextremelyimportantthatwedoabetterjobofshowingthecomplexanddiversestoriesthatarerepresentedinart.Socialmediahaveofferedaplatformforpeoplewhohavenottraditionallyhadaseatatthetable.Anyonecanrecogniseagapinthefieldandaddressit.Accountshavegatheredtensofthousandsoffollowers.Theyaretheproofthatthereishungertohearthesearthistories,andthesethemesworkbrilliantlyformuseumprogramming.Butthereisonlysomuchthatcanbedonewithoutthemuseumsandgallerieschangingmeaningfullyfromwithin.Weneedtoseeabetterbalanceofthesestoriesrepresentedinpermanentcollections.Wealsoneedamuchwiderdiversityofpeopleandinterestsrepresentedonboard.Ensuringthatart—andwritingandtalkingaboutart—isabletocontinueontherisinggenerationofstorytellers,insideandoutsideofinstitutions,gettingthefundingandsupporttheyneedtopaintabrighterpictureforthepart.31.Whatchallengeistheauthortryingtotackle?A.Peopledoubtagreatdiversityofartworks. B.Fewerandfeweryoungpeoplegotomuseums.C.Artappearstoodistantfromcommonaudience.D.Adultaudiencehasadifferentunderstandingofart.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidated”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Tired. B.Worried. C.Annoyed. D.Surprised.33.Intheauthor’sopinion,themuseumsandgalleriesshould________.A.makethearthistorystoriesaccessibleinatraditionalwayB.changemeaningfullyforactivitiesliketheGettychallengeC.limitthenumberofstorytellersbothinandoutofinstitutionsD.improvethepermanentcollectionsbyaddingfamousartworks34.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatcommonaudience________.A.lacksthechannelstounderstandandtalkaboutarthistoryB.preferstoviewartworksandhearartstoriesonsocialmediaC.feelssatisfiedwithpeopleandinterestsrepresentedonboardD.refusestoengagewithdiversearttopicsandarthistorystories第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whydoesrainseemtomakeyousleepy?ThisspringontheeastcoastoftheUS,itfeelslikewe’velosttouchwiththesun.InWashington,DC,14ofthefirst17daysofMaywererainy.35Itmeansthat,forme,MayhasbeenoneofthemonthsI’vefeltthesleepiest.Thedullweathercanhitalmostallofoursensesinawaythatgivesasigntousitistimeforasleep.First,there’swhatwesee—orrather,whatwedon’t.36Whenit’srainingandskiesarecloudy,wemissoutonourbody’sinternalalarmclock.AsNaomi,ascientistfromCentralQueenslandUniversitysaid,whenyoudon’tseethesunlightfirstthinginthemorning,yourbodynevergetsthesignalthatitneedstoshiftintodaytimemode.37Plantsproduceoilsduringdryperiods,possiblytostopseedsfromdeveloping.Whenitrains,thewaterbringsouttheoilsandtheymixwithachemicaltocreatea“musky”smell.38Additionally,afterathunderstormthere’sachanceyoumaysmellozone(臭氧),whichisgeneratedwhenlightninginteractswiththeair.Somecompareitssmelltothatofcleanbedsheets.Rainsoundsarealsocomforting.Therhythmicpatternofrainhittingaroof,umbrella,orthegroundbelowiscalled“pinknoise.”Pinknoiseisacategoryofbackgroundnoisethathasallofthefrequenciesthathumancanhearandhaslowervolumesathigherfrequencies.Accordingtosomeresearch,itmayimproveourqualityofsleepbydecreasingourbrainactivity.39Thedifficultyinwakingup,thefresh,earthyscents,andthepeaceoftheraintappingonwindowsareenoughtomakeanyonewanttogobacktobedfortheday.Sadly,noneofthisevidenceisenoughtojustifydoingso;butitcanatleastexplainwhyyoumayfeelalittlesleepyonthesecloudydays.A.Noisescanmakeusfeelsleepierduringthedaytime.B.Theothershavebeencloudyanddullforatleastpartoftheday.C.Theearthysmellofraincanmakeyoufeelcalmandcomfortable.D.Itmakesiteasierforustowakeupfromoursleepthenightbefore.E.Sunlightcausesourbodiestostopproducingwhatmakesussleepyatnight.F.Andyou’llalsosmellthatwhenyouareinyourgardenturningoveryoursoil.G.Youcanlistentoanhourofrainonawindowhere,ifyouintendtotestitout.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共12小題；共12分）閱讀下面文段，在設(shè)空處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。1.Asthefinal,joyousnotesignalledtheendofthesymphony,theaudiencejumpedtotheirfeet,clapping,cheeringandwavingtheirhats.ButBeethovencontinued__________,hisheadburiedinthescore.2.Today,however,technologicaladvanceshaveledtoa__________ofartandtechnology.Asaresult,theartworldischanginggreatly.3.Untilhepassedawayin1961,Meihadbeenperformingandencouragingthe__________ofPekingOperaforalmost60years.4.Reeverealizedthathisroleinthesefilmshadgivenhimtheopportunitytobeareal-lifesuperman,andhesoongaineda__________forraisingawarenessforgoodcauses.5.Throughintenseeffort,YuanLongping__________enormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.6.Moreover,whatmadeCunninghamgreatwashis__________tophotography,andthehoursandhoursofsheerhardw