高鐵道岔啟動(dòng)電路故障處理鐵路信號(hào)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護(hù)課件

高鐵道岔啟動(dòng)電路故障處理天津鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院鐵路信號(hào)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護(hù)

高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電氣故障（一）啟動(dòng)電路故障分析判斷三相交流電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)動(dòng)作電路由三級(jí)控制電路構(gòu)成，因此故障處理按三級(jí)控制電路分別查找。其中：第一級(jí)控制電路故障是1DQJ不能正常勵(lì)磁，現(xiàn)象是扳動(dòng)道岔時(shí)，道岔表示燈照常點(diǎn)亮，不滅燈。第二級(jí)控制電路故障是2DQJ不能正常勵(lì)磁轉(zhuǎn)極，現(xiàn)象是人工操縱道岔時(shí)，控制臺(tái)的道岔表示燈滅燈，待停止操縱，該表示燈又點(diǎn)亮。第三級(jí)控制電路故障是表示燈滅，道岔仍不能啟動(dòng)，這時(shí)看BHJ是否吸起，1DQJ是否自閉。如BHJ根本未吸起，應(yīng)檢查組合側(cè)面380V三相交流動(dòng)作電源是否正常，也有可能DBQ不良。如在分線盤處測(cè)到三相電源正常，說明室內(nèi)電路正常，故障點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在室外。如BHJ吸起后又落下，說明室外三相負(fù)載電路良好，重點(diǎn)應(yīng)觀察BHJ與1DQJ落下的先后順序。若BHJ在1DQJ落下后再落下，則說明1DQJ自閉電路未構(gòu)成。查找1DQJ自閉電路。如室內(nèi)電路動(dòng)作正常，在電路動(dòng)作過程中通過繼電器狀態(tài)或集中監(jiān)測(cè)電流曲線判斷道岔動(dòng)作過程中是否有機(jī)械卡阻現(xiàn)象。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.StartingcircuitfaultanalysisThethree-phaseACswitchmachineactioncircuitconsistsofthreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,sothefaulthandlingisconductedseparatelyaccordingtothethreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,amongwhich:Thefirstlevelcontrolcircuitfaultisthat1DQJcannotbeexcitednormally,andthephenomenonisthatwhentheturnoutistriggered,theturnoutindicatesthatthelightislightingasusualanddoesnotgoout.Thefaultofthesecondlevelcontrolcircuitisthat2DQJcannotnormallyexcitethepoleandturnthepole.Thephenomenonisthatwhentheswitchismanuallyoperated,theswitchindicatorlightontheconsoleturnsoff.Whentheoperationisstopped,theindicatorlightturnsonagain.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipmentThefaultofthethirdlevelcontrolcircuitmeansthatthelightisoffandtheturnoutstillcannotbestarted.Atthistime,checkwhetherBHJissuckedupandwhether1DQJisselfclosing.IftheBHJisnotsuckedupatall,checkwhetherthe380Vthree-phaseACactionpowersupplyonthecombinationsideisnormal,orwhethertheDBQispoor.Ifthethree-phasepowersupplyisnormalatthedistributionpanel,itindicatesthattheindoorcircuitisnormal,andthefaultpointshouldbeoutdoors.IftheBHJisliftedandthendropped,itindicatesthattheoutdoorthree-phaseloadcircuitisgood,andthesequenceofBHJand1DQJdroppingshouldbeobserved.IftheBHJfallsafterthe1DQJfalls,the1DQJselfclosingcircuitisnotformed.Find1DQJselfclosingcircuit.Iftheindoorcircuitactsnormally,judgewhetherthereismechanicaljammingintheprocessofturnoutactionbyrelaystatusorcentralizedmonitoringcurrentcurveduringcircuitaction.

高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電氣故障（一）啟動(dòng)電路故障分析判斷三相交流電動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)動(dòng)作電路由三級(jí)控制電路構(gòu)成，因此故障處理按三級(jí)控制電路分別查找。其中：第一級(jí)控制電路故障是1DQJ不能正常勵(lì)磁，現(xiàn)象是扳動(dòng)道岔時(shí)，道岔表示燈照常點(diǎn)亮，不滅燈。第二級(jí)控制電路故障是2DQJ不能正常勵(lì)磁轉(zhuǎn)極，現(xiàn)象是人工操縱道岔時(shí)，控制臺(tái)的道岔表示燈滅燈，待停止操縱，該表示燈又點(diǎn)亮。第三級(jí)控制電路故障是表示燈滅，道岔仍不能啟動(dòng)，這時(shí)看BHJ是否吸起，1DQJ是否自閉。如BHJ根本未吸起，應(yīng)檢查組合側(cè)面380V三相交流動(dòng)作電源是否正常，也有可能DBQ不良。如在分線盤處測(cè)到三相電源正常，說明室內(nèi)電路正常，故障點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在室外。如BHJ吸起后又落下，說明室外三相負(fù)載電路良好，重點(diǎn)應(yīng)觀察BHJ與1DQJ落下的先后順序。若BHJ在1DQJ落下后再落下，則說明1DQJ自閉電路未構(gòu)成。查找1DQJ自閉電路。如室內(nèi)電路動(dòng)作正常，在電路動(dòng)作過程中通過繼電器狀態(tài)或集中監(jiān)測(cè)電流曲線判斷道岔動(dòng)作過程中是否有機(jī)械卡阻現(xiàn)象。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.StartingcircuitfaultanalysisThethree-phaseACswitchmachineactioncircuitconsistsofthreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,sothefaulthandlingisconductedseparatelyaccordingtothethreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,amongwhich:Thefirstlevelcontrolcircuitfaultisthat1DQJcannotbeexcitednormally,andthephenomenonisthatwhentheturnoutistriggered,theturnoutindicatesthatthelightislightingasusualanddoesnotgoout.Thefaultofthesecondlevelcontrolcircuitisthat2DQJcannotnormallyexcitethepoleandturnthepole.Thephenomenonisthatwhentheswitchismanuallyoperated,theswitchindicatorlightontheconsoleturnsoff.Whentheoperationisstopped,theindicatorlightturnsonagain.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipmentThefaultofthethirdlevelcontrolcircuitmeansthatthelightisoffandtheturnoutstillcannotbestarted.Atthistime,checkwhetherBHJissuckedupandwhether1DQJisselfclosing.IftheBHJisnotsuckedupatall,checkwhetherthe380Vthree-phaseACactionpowersupplyonthecombinationsideisnormal,orwhethertheDBQispoor.Ifthethree-phasepowersupplyisnormalatthedistributionpanel,itindicatesthattheindoorcircuitisnormal,andthefaultpointshouldbeoutdoors.IftheBHJisliftedandthendropped,itindicatesthattheoutdoorthree-phaseloadcircuitisgood,andthesequenceofBHJand1DQJdroppingshouldbeobserved.IftheBHJfallsafterthe1DQJfalls,the1DQJselfclosingcircuitisnotformed.Find1DQJselfclosingcircuit.Iftheindoorcircuitactsnormally,judgewhetherthereismechanicaljammingintheprocessofturnoutactionbyrelaystatusorcentralizedmonitoringcurrentcurveduringcircuitaction.高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電氣故障（二）典型故障案例1.故障現(xiàn)象：?jiǎn)为?dú)操縱道岔，控制臺(tái)定位表示燈不滅處理方法：如控制臺(tái)表示燈不滅，則故障在室內(nèi)，說明尖軌及心軌組合內(nèi)的1DQJ未吸起，這時(shí)應(yīng)進(jìn)行進(jìn)路式操縱道岔，看動(dòng)作是否正常。如進(jìn)路式操縱時(shí)動(dòng)作正常，說明道岔單獨(dú)操縱部分有故障，進(jìn)一步檢查道岔總反位和道岔按鈕繼電器是否動(dòng)作正常，確定故障點(diǎn)。如進(jìn)路操縱也不能動(dòng)作，則應(yīng)檢查鎖閉繼電器是否在吸起狀態(tài)，道岔常閉按鈕接點(diǎn)接觸是否良好，公共配線部分（CAJ11或CAJ21接點(diǎn)）是否良好。2.故障現(xiàn)象：?jiǎn)为?dú)操縱道岔，尖軌或心軌有一個(gè)不動(dòng)作（組合架觀察）。處理方法：如尖軌或心軌有一個(gè)不動(dòng)作，則室內(nèi)控制電路應(yīng)排除公共部分故障的可能性，以尖軌不動(dòng)作為例進(jìn)行分析。（1）1DQJ、1DQJF是否吸起，2DQJ是否轉(zhuǎn)極，如控制電路部分繼電器動(dòng)作不正常，應(yīng)按動(dòng)作邏輯關(guān)系式AJ↑+ZFJ↑(或FCJ↑)→1DQJ↑→1DQJF↑→2DQJ轉(zhuǎn)極落下，進(jìn)行查找。（2）當(dāng)確定室內(nèi)道岔控制電路動(dòng)作正常后，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步觀察BHJ是吸起后落下，還是根本未吸起過。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment2.TypicalFaultCases1.Faultdescription:operateturnoutindividually,consolepositioningindicatorlightdoesnotgooutProcessingmethod:Iftheconsoleindicatesthatthelightisnotoff,thefaultisintheroom,indicatingthatthe1DQJinthecombinationofpointedrailandfrograilisnotenergized,andthentheturnoutshouldbemanipulatedinthewaytoseeiftheactionisnormal.Iftheactionisnormalduringroutetypeoperation,itindicatesthatthereisafaultintheseparateoperationpartoftheturnout.Furthercheckwhetherthetotalreversepositionoftheturnoutandtheturnoutbuttonrelayoperatenormally,anddeterminethefaultpoint.Ifthein-routemanipulationalsocannotwork,checkwhetherthelockingrelayisinthesuctionstate,whetherthecontactoftheturnoutnormally-closed-buttonisingoodcondition,whetherthepublicwiringpart(CAJ11orCAJ21contact)isingoodcondition.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment2.Faultdescription:separatemanipulationoftheturnout,thetonguerailorfrograilhasanon-action(combinedframeobservation).Treatmentmethod:Ifoneswitchrailorcenterrailfailstooperate,eliminatethepossibilityofcommonpartfailureintheindoorcontrolcircuit.Taketonguerailfailureasanexampleforanalysis.(1)Whether1DQJand1DQJFarepulledup,andwhether2DQJturnstopole.Ifsomerelaysinthecontrolcircuitactabnormally,searchaccordingtotheactionlogicrelationshipAJ↑+ZFJ↑(orFCJ↑)→1DQJ↑→1DQJF↑→2DQJturnstopoleanddrops.(2)Whentheindoorturnoutcontrolcircuitisdeterminedtobenormal,BHJshouldbefurtherobservedtoseeifitfallsdownafterbeingenergizedornotbeingenergizedatall.高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電氣故障（3）如BHJ根本未吸起過，應(yīng)檢查組合側(cè)面的380V三相交流動(dòng)作電源是否正常，每相的熔絲是否良好，發(fā)現(xiàn)不良時(shí)立即更換處理；如電源部分正常，但到分線盤測(cè)試電壓缺相（X1、X3、X4線），則可能為DBQ到1DQJ及1DQJF的相應(yīng)接點(diǎn)間斷線，也可能為DBQ的部分?jǐn)嗑€。如上述部分均良好，則可能為2DQJ(121-123)接點(diǎn)接觸不良或前后配線斷線（包括到分線盤的X3線），也可能為2DQJ的113接點(diǎn)到DBJ線圈端子1斷線。其他動(dòng)作部分的配線及接點(diǎn)與定位表示電路共用，一般不會(huì)有問題。（4）如分線盤測(cè)試三相電源正常，已向外送出，則應(yīng)到室外重點(diǎn)測(cè)量檢查X3線電纜、轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)內(nèi)的13-14接點(diǎn)和遮斷開關(guān)等，接觸是否良好，是否有線頭松動(dòng)。（5）如BHJ先吸起，然后又落下，說明三相負(fù)載部分良好，重點(diǎn)應(yīng)觀察BHJ與1DQJ落下的先后順序：若BHJ先落下，可能是DBQ性能不良，可更換DBQ；若BHJ在1DQJ落下后再落下，則說明可能是1DQJ緩放時(shí)間不夠長(zhǎng)（BHJ前接點(diǎn)必須可靠閉合，才能構(gòu)通1DQJ的自閉電路），也可能是1DQJ自閉電路不能構(gòu)通等。另外，室外動(dòng)作電路通道（接點(diǎn)、開關(guān)K)接觸不良或配線松動(dòng)，都能夠造成BHJ先落下。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment(3)IftheBHJhasnotbeensuckedupatall,checkwhetherthe380Vthree-phaseACactionpowersupplyonthecombinationsideisnormal,andwhetherthefuseofeachphaseisingoodcondition.Ifitisfoundtobedefective,replaceitimmediately;Ifthepowersupplyisnormal,butthetestvoltagetothedistributionpanelisoutofphase(X1,X3,X4lines),itmaybethatthecorrespondingcontactsbetweenDBQand1DQJand1DQJFarebroken,oritmaybethattheDBQispartiallybroken.Iftheabovepartsareallingoodcondition,itmaybethatthecontactof2DQJ(121-123)isinpoorcontactorthefrontandrearwiringisbroken(includingtheX3wiretothejunctionpanel),ortheconnectionbetweenthe113contactof2DQJandtheDBJcoilterminal1isbroken.Thewiringandcontactsofotheractionpartsaresharedwiththepositioningindicationcircuit,andgenerallythereisnoproblem.MechanicalandElectrica