大學(xué)英語六級-英語六級2021年真題

大學(xué)英語六級-英語六級2021年真題問答題（共40題，共40分）(1.)海南是僅次于臺灣的中國第二大島，是位于中國最南端的省份。海南島風(fēng)景秀麗，氣候宜人，陽光充足，生物多樣，溫泉密布，海（江南博哥）水清澈，大部分海灘幾乎全年都是游泳和日光浴的理想場所，因而被譽(yù)為中國的四季花園和度假勝地，每年都吸引了大批中外游客。海南1988年建省以來，旅游業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)、高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)飛速發(fā)展，是中國唯一的省級經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)。在中央政府和全國人民的大力支持下，海南將建成中國最大的自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)。正確答案：HainanIslandisthesecondlargestislandinChinaafterTaiwanIslandandistheprovincelocatedinthesouthernmostpartofChina.HainanIslandhasbeautifulscenery,pleasantclimate,abundantsunshine,diversecreatures,densehotspringsandclearseawater.Mostofthebeachesareidealplacesforswimmingandsunbathingalmostallyearround.Therefore,itisknownasChina'sall-seasongardenandresort,attractingalargenumberoftouristsdomesticandoverseaseveryyear.SinceHainanwasestablishedasaprovincein1988,itstourism,serviceandhigh-techindustrieshavedevelopedrapidly.ItistheonlyprovincialspecialeconomiczoneinChina.Withthestrongsupportofthecentralgovernmentandthepeopleofthewholecountry,HainanwillbecomeChina'slargestpilotfreetradezone.(2.)青海是中國西北部的一個省份，平均海拔3千米以上，大部分地區(qū)為高山和高原。青海省得名于全國最大的咸水湖青海湖。青海湖被譽(yù)為“中國最美的湖泊”，是最受歡迎的旅游景點(diǎn)之一，也是攝影師和藝術(shù)家的天堂。青海山川壯麗，地大物博。石油和天然氣儲量豐富，省內(nèi)許多城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)在石油和天然氣工業(yè)帶動下得到了長足發(fā)展。青海尤以水資源豐富而聞名，是中國三大河流長江、黃河和瀾滄江的發(fā)源地，在中國的水生態(tài)中發(fā)揮著重要作用。正確答案：QinghaiisaprovinceinnorthwesternChinawithanaveragealtitudeofmorethan3kilometers.Mostareasoftheprovincearehighmountainsandplateaus.TheprovinceisnamedafterQinghaiLake,thelargestsaltwaterlakeinthecountry,whichisalsoknownasthemostbeautifullakeinChina.Itisoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsnationwide,aswellasaparadiseforphotographersandartists.Qinghaifeaturesmagnificentlandscapes,vastterritoryandabundantresources.Therichoilandnaturalgasreserveshavecontributedtotherapidandconstanteconomygrowthofmanycitieswithintheprovince.Qinghaiisespeciallyrenownedforitsabundantwaterresources.ItservesastheheadstreamsofChina'sthreemajorrivers–theYangtzeRiver,theYellowRiverandtheLancangRiver,thusplayinganvitalroleinChina'swaterecosystem.(3.)云南是位于中國西南的一個省，平均海拔1500米。云南歷史悠久，風(fēng)景秀麗，氣候宜人。云南生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)越，生物多種多樣，被譽(yù)為野生動植物的天堂。云南還有多種礦藏和充足的水資源，為全省經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了有利條件。云南居住著25個少數(shù)民族，他們大多有自己的語言習(xí)俗和宗教。云南獨(dú)特的自然景色和豐富的民族文化使其成為中國最受歡迎的旅游目的地之一，每年都吸引著大批國內(nèi)外游客前往觀光旅游。正確答案：YunnanisaprovincelocatedinthesouthwestofChinawithanaveragealtitudeof1500meters.Yunnanhasalonghistory,beautifulsceneryandapleasantclimate.Withasuperiorecologicalenvironmentandawidevarietyoflivingcreatures,Yunnanisknownasaparadiseforwildanimalsandplants.Yunnanalsohasavarietyofmineralresourcesandadequatewaterresources,whichprovidefavorableconditionsforthesustainabledevelopmentofthewholeprovince'seconomy.Theprovinceishometo25ethnicminorities,mostofwhomhavetheirownlanguages,customsandreligions.ItsuniquenaturalsceneryandrichnationalculturehavemadeitoneofthemostpopulartouristdestinationsinChina,attractinglargenumbersofdomesticandforeigntouristseachyear.(4.)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30mimitestowriteanessaybasedonthechartbelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthechartandcommentonChina'sachievementsinhighereducation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.正確答案：Thebarchartaboveexplicitlydemonstratesthatthegrossen-rollmentratioinuniversitiesinChina,accordingtothedatafromMinistryofEducation,hasincreaseddramaticallyfrom3.4%in1990to51.6%in2019.Obviously,thepastthirtyyearshavewitnessedChina'sgreatachievementsinhighereduca-tion.Firstly,highereducationinChinahasbecomeapproachabletomostChinesecitizens.ThisispartlyduetothefactthatChi-na’seconomyhasbeendevelopingatamarvelousspeed,butalsobecauseChinesegovernmenthaslaunchedawiderangeoffavorablepoliciestosupportruralstudentstogetadmittedtocolleges.Moreover,thequalityofChina’suniversitieshasshowedamarkedimprovement.Now,severalseatsoflearninginChinaareamongthetopuniversitiesworld-wide,andeveryyeartheydrawnumerousforeignstudentstocometoChinaforhighereducation.Besides,Chinesegovernmentandamassofbigenterpriseshavebeeninvestingheavilyintoupgradingthecampussites,introducingthemostadvancedequipments,andincreasingthefaculty'ssalaries.Inall,theChina'sachievementsinhighereducationarere-markable.Ibelievethatthistrendwillsurelycontinue,andwillinturnbenefitourgreatcountry.參考解析：這次六級的作文是貌似的黑天鵝:圖表作文!笑而但是我們說過，不管考什么，都是what/why/how成就，當(dāng)然就是what。其實(shí)，這和去年的四級作文:教育的變化,沒有實(shí)質(zhì)的區(qū)別。第一段,描述圖表,點(diǎn)出上升;三第二段:兩分法:物質(zhì)到精神。中間帶著很多并列和三連。第三段:總結(jié)(5.)Weoftenthinkofdrawingassomethingthattakesinborntalent,butthiskindofthinkingstemsfromourmisclassifi-cationofdrawingas,primarily,anartformratherthanatoolforlearning.Researchers,teachers,andartistsarestartingtoseehowdrawingcanpositivelyimpactawidevarietyofskillsanddisciplines.Mostofushavespentsometimedrawingbefore,butatsomepoint,mostofusstopdrawing.Therearepeoplewhodon't,obviously,andthankgodforthat:aworldwithoutdesignersandartistswouldbeaveryshabbyoneindeed.Somearguethatsomanyadultshaveabandoneddrawingbecausewe'vemiscategorizeditandgivenitaverynarrowdefinition.Inhisbook,StickFigures:DrawingasaHumanPractice,ProfessorD.B.Dowdarguesthat"Wehavemis-filedthesignificanceofdrawingbecauseweseeitasapro-fessionalskillinsteadofapersonalcapacity.Wemistakenlythinkof"good"drawingsasthosewhichworkasrecre-ationsoftherealworld,asrealisticillusions.Rather,draw-ingshouldberecategorizedasasymbolictool.Humanbeingshavebeendrawingfor73,000years.It'spartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Wedon'thavethestrengthofchimpanzees(大猩猩)becausewe'vegivenupanimalstrengthtomanipulatesubtleinstruments,likehammers,spears,and-later-pensandpencils.Thehumanhandisanex-tremelydensenetworkofnerveendings.Inmanyways,humanbeingsarebuilttodraw.Someresearchersarguethatdoodling(涂畫)activatesthebrain'sso-calleddefaultcircuit—essentially,theareasofthebrainresponsibleformaintain-ingabaselinelevelofactivityintheabsenceofotherstim-uli.Becauseofthis,somebelievethatdoodlingduringaboringlecturecanhelpstudentspayattention.Inonestudy,participantswereaskedtolistentoalistofnameswhileeitherdoodlingorsittingstill.Thosewhoremem-bered20percentmoreofthenamesthanthosewhodidnot.正確答案：Weoftenthinkofdrawingassomethingthattakesinborntalent,butthiskindofthinking

46.A)Itisagiftcreativepeopleareendowedwith.

47.C)Theyaddbeautyandcharmtotheworld.

48.A)Everybodyisbornwiththecapacitytodraw.

49.D)Ithelpsimproveconcentrationandmemory.

50.D)Precisioninvisualperception(6.)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30mimitestowriteanessaybasedonthegraphbelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthegraphandcommentonChina'sachievementsinurbanization.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.正確答案：WecanseeclearlyfromthischartthattheruralpopulationinpovertyinChinahasdecreasedsharplyfromtheyearof2012to2020,fromaround95million,consistingof12percentpopulationofthewholecountryin2012,toalmostnone.Suchachievementsinpovertyalleviationaremarvelousandmusthavegonebeyondtheimaginationofmany.Thecoldharddatadepictedonthegraphmightbealittleabstract,buttherealchangeshappeninginthelifeoftheChinesepeopleoverthepastdecadearemuchmoreeloquent.Forexample,inthepast,peoplewereverymuchconcernedaboutwhethertheyhaveenoughfoodtoeatmostofthetime,butnowtheyaremoreinterestedinwhetherthefoodtheyeatishealthyenough.What'smore,inthelastdecade,anincreasingnumberofstudentshavehadthechancetogotocollege,whichwasimpossibleforthemtodointhepast.I'dliketoexpressmyheartfeltthankstothecentralgovernmentofChinaandthewholepeopleofthenation.Haditnotbeentheirjointeffortsinthepastdecade,Chinacouldneverhaveachievedsuchasuccessinpovertyelimination.(7.)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30mimitestowriteanessaybasedonthechartbelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthechartandcommentonChina'sachievementsinpovertyalleviation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan20owords.正確答案：ThebarchartissuedbyMinistryofEducationcontainsthegrossenrolmentratioinhighereducationinChinafrom3.4%intheyearof1990to51.6%in2019.Obviously,whatitendeavors/triestoconveyisthatthiserahaswitnessedanenormousincreaseinChina'shighereducationdevelopment.Firstly,thegovernmenthasprovidedaseriesofbeneficialpoliciesandfinancialinvestmentinensuringcitizenstheopportunityofreceivinghighereducation.Students,evenpooronesinruralcountieswillbeencouragedtoattenduniversitiesaftermiddleschool.Interest-freeloansareprovidedtostudentswhocannotaffordthefees.Secondly,thegrowingpercapitaGDPhasshiftedparents'opinionfromearningmoneyassoonastheirchildrengrowuptoequippingthemwithmorespecializedknowledgeforlong-termdevelopment.Lastbutnotleast,duetotheresearchachievementsandtheimprovementofeducationlevel,China'sinstitutionsofhighereducationarenowhighlyadmitted.WecanfindfromtheQSWorldUniversityRankinglistthatQinghuaUniversityandBeijingUniversityhavepeakedinthisyear.Inanutshell,Chinahaswitnessedagreatprogressinitshighereducation,whichenablesmorecitizenstoachieveahigherdegreeandprovidesmorespecializedknowledgeinpursuingafulfillinglife.(8.)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentreYoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theideaoftaxingthingsthatarebadforsocietyhaspowerfulallure.Itoffersthepossibilityofadoublebenefit-

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harmfulactivities,whilealsoprovidingthegovernmentwithrevenue.Takesintaxes.Taxesonalcoholmakeitmoreexpensivetogetdrunk,whichreducesexcessivedrinkingand

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driving.Atthesametime,theyprovidestateandlocalgovernmentswithbillionsofdollarsofrevenue.Tobaccotaxes,whichgeneratemorethantwiceasmuchhaveproven

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inthedeclineofsmoking,whichhassavedmillionsoflives.Taxescanalsobeanimportanttoolforenvironmentalprotection,andmanyeconomistssaytaxingcarbonwouldbethebestwaytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Economictheorysaysthatunlikeincomeorsalestaxes,carbontaxescanactuallyincreaseeconomicefficiency;becausecompaniesthat

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carbondioxideintotheskydon'tpaythecostsoftheclimatechangetheycause,carbontaxeswouldrestoretheproper

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tothemarket.Inreality,carbontaxesalonewon'tbeenoughtohaltglobalwarming,buttheywouldbeausefulpartofanyclimateplan.what'smore,therevenuefromthistax,whichwould

正確答案：26.A27.E28.J29.N30.G31.M32.B33.L34.H35.O參考解析：(9.)Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

正確答案：46.B47.A48.C49.D50.C參考解析：(10.)正確答案：51.D52.A53.D54.C55.B參考解析：(11.)Weoftenthinkofdrawingassomethingthattakesinborntalent,butthiskindofthinkingstemsfromourmisclassificationofdrawingas,primarily,anartformratherthanatoolforlearning.Researchers,teachers,andartistsarestartingtoseehowdrawingcanpositivelyimpactawidevarietyofskillsanddisciplines.Mostofushavespentsometimedrawingbefore,butatsomepoint,mostofusstopdrawing.Therearepeoplewhodon't,obviously,andthankgodforthat:aworldwithoutdesignersandartistswouldbeaveryshabbyoneindeed.Somearguethatsomanyadultshaveabandoneddrawingbecausewe'vemiscategorizeditandgivenitaverynarrowdefinition.Inhisbook,StickFigures:DrawingasaHumanPractice,ProfessorD.B.Dowdarguesthat"Wehavemisfiledthesignificanceofdrawingbecauseweseeitasaprofessionalskillinsteadofapersonalcapacity.Wemistakenlythinkof"good"drawingsasthosewhichworkasrecreationsoftherealworld,asrealisticillusions.Rather,drawingshouldberecategorizedasasymbolictool.Humanbeingshavebeendrawingfor73,000years.It'spartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Wedon'thavethestrengthofchimpanzees(大猩猩)becausewe'vegivenupanimalstrengthtomanipulatcsubtleinstruments,likehammers,spears,and—later—pensandpencils.Thehumanhandisanextremelydenscnetworkofnerveendings.Inmanyways,humanbeingsarebuilttodraw.Someresearchersarguethatdoodling(涂畫)activatesthebrain'sso-calleddefaultcircuit—essentially,theareasofthebrainresponsibleformaintainingabaselinelevelofactivityintheabsenceofotherstimuli.Becauseofthis,somebelievethatdoodlingduringaboringlecturecanhelpstudentspayattention.Inonestudy,participantswereaskedtolistentoalistofnameswhileeitherdoodlingorsittingstill.Thosewhoremembered29percentmoreofthenamesthanthosewhodidnot.There'正確答案：46.A)Itisagiftcreativepeopleareendowedwith.47.C)Theyaddbeautyandcharmtotheworld.48.A)Everybodyisbornwiththecapacitytodraw.49.D)Ithelpsimproveconcentrationandmemory.50.D)Precisioninvisualperception(12.)l'malwaysbaffledwhenIwalkintoapharmacyandseeshelvesburstingwithvariousvitamins，extractsandothersupplements,allpromisingtoaccelerateorpromoteweightloss.Aislesofmarketinggeniusbelie(掩飾)thefactthat,26weightlossisdictatedbythelawsofarithmetic.EconomistJessicaIrvinewroteabookabouthowsheusedmathtohelpherlosemorethan18kilograms.Ifcaloriestakeninarelessthancalories_27_，weightshallbelost，andsoitiswithmoney.Despitethe_28_offinancialproducts，servicesandsolutionsgearedtowardsaccumulatingwealth,itallbeginswiththesame_29_:gettingaheadfinancialrequiresareductionofspending,sothatincomeisgreaterthanexpenses.IwasremindedofthisagainrecentlylisteningtoanwithNicoleHaddow,theauthorofSmashed-Avocad,explaininghowshecrackedthepropertymarketat31.lItwasquitea_30,givenwhereshehadbeentwoyearsearlier.ShewassobbingattheNicoledidn'tcelebrateher30thbirthdayasshehad_31_.Shewassobbingatthedinnertablewithherparents,withwhomshehadjustmovedbackin.Shehadnostableincome,$12,000incredit-carddebtandnoplan,buttoher_32_,herfather,anaccountant,toldherthatherfinancial

33_wasn'tasbadasthethought.Hesaid,onherincome,withsomechanges,shewouldbeabletobuyaninvestmentunitwithintwoyears,whichshedid.Nicoleadmittedshewasfortunatc,asshewasabletolivewithherparentsand34_herspending-andlife-togetherselfontrackfinancially.Creatingagapbetweenherincomeandspendingrequiredaparadigmshiftand

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sacrificeandcommitment，butbygoingintofinanciallockdown，Nicolegainedfinancialindependence.正確答案：26O)ultimately27F)expended28A)abundance29E)equation30G)feat31D)envisaged32B)astonishment33L)plight34J)overhaul35C)entailed(13.)inthissetion，thereisapassagewtihtenbanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordsforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoicesinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PlaeasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

I'malwaysbaffledwhenIwalkintoapharmacyandseeshelvesburstingwithvariousvitamins,extractsandothersupplements,allpromisingtoaccelerateorpromoteweightloss.Aislesofmarketinggeniusbelie(掩飾)thefactthat，____26____，weightlossisdictatedbythelawsofartithmetic.EconomistesJessicaTrcinewroteabookabouthowsheusedmathtohelpherlosemorethan18kilograms.Ifcalricstakeninarelessthancalories____27____，weightshallbelost，andsoitiswithmoney.Despitethe___28___offinancialproducts，serviceandsolutionsgearedtowardsaccumulateingwealth，itallbeginswiththesame__29___:gettingaheadfinanciallyrequiresareductionofspengding，sothatincomeisgreaterthanexpenses，iwasremindedofthisagainrecentlylistenningtoaninterviewwithnicolehaddowtheauthorofsamshedavocado，explaininghowshecrackedthepropertymarketat31，itwasquitea____30____,givenwhereshehadbeentwoyearscarlier.Nicoledidn'tcelebrateher30thbirthdayasshehad_31.Shewassobbingatthedinertablewithherparens，wthwhomshehadjustmovedbackin.ShehadnostableincomeS12000incredi-carddebtandnopan，buttoher_32，herfather，anaccountanttoldherthatherfinancial33_wasn'tasbadasshethought.Hesaid，onherincome，withsomechanges，shewouldbeabletobuyaninvestmentunitwithintwoyears，whichshedid.Nicoleadmittedshewasfortunate，asshewasabletolivewithherparentsand34her正確答案：26.H)fragility27.E)diminished28.J)obscurity29.B)authentic30.O)suppress31.F)drowned32.M)purchasable33.G)embark34.A)adversity35.D)depictions(14.)正確答案：26.N27.D28.F29.J30.G31.D32.B33.H34.M35.E參考解析：(15.)正確答案：26F)investigated27E)housed28I)representation29H)portraying30K)secondary31C)bias32.B)appreciation33G)overwhelming34A)alienating35.L)superiority(16.)HowMarconiGaveUstheWirelessWorld正確答案：36.I)Theinteriorminister,ChristopheCastaner,visitedthecathedralonTuesdayafternoontoseetheextentofthedevastation.37.D)ThecathedralisownedbytheFrenchstateandhasbeenatthecentreofayears-longdisputeoverwhoshouldfinancerestorationworkofthecollapsingstaircases,crumblingstatuesandcrackedwalls.38.K)FrenchpoliticalcommentatorsnotedthedevastatingfirehadsucceededwhereMacronhadfailedinunitingthecountry.39.F)Thefire,whichhadstartedatthebaseofthe93-metrespire(尖塔)atabout6:40pmonMonday,spreadthroughthecathedrafsroof,madeupofhundredsofoakbeams,somedatingbacktothe13thcentury.40.B)TherevelationofhowcloseFrancecametolosingitsmostfamouscathedralemergedaspoliceinvestigatorsquestionedworkersinvolvedintherestorationofthemonumenttotrytoestablishthecauseofthedevastatingblaze.41.H)Whiletheworldlookedon,the500firefightersatthescenethenbattledtopreventtheflamesfromreachingthetwomaintowers,wherethecathedralbellshang.42.H)Whiletheworldlookedon,the500firefightersatthescenethenbattledtopreventtheflamesfromreachingthetwomaintowers,wherethecathedralbellshang.43J)Thecultureminister,FranckRiester,saidreligiousrelicssavedfromthecathedralwerebeingsecurelyheldattheHoteldeVille,andworksofartthatsustainedsmokedamagewerebeingtakentotheLouvre,theworld'slargestartmuseum,wheretheywouldbedriedout,repairedandstored.44.D)ThecathedralisownedbytheFrenchstateandhasbeenatthecentreofayears-longdisputeoverwhoshouldfinancerestorationworkofthecollapsingstaircases,crumblingstatuesandcrackedwalls.45.G)Acollectionofdramaticvideosandphotosquicklyspreadacrosssocialmedia,showingthehorrifyingdestruction,andattractingemotionalresponsesfrompeopleallovertheword.(17.)Humansarefascinatedbythesourceoftheirfailingsandvirtues.Thispreoccupationinevitablyleadstoanolddebate:whethernatureornurturenouldsusmore.Arevolutioningeneticshaspoisedthisasamodermpoliticalquestionaboutthecharacterofoursociety:ifpersonalitiesarehard-wiredintoourgenes,whatcangovernmentsdotohelpus?Itfeelsmorallyquestionable,yetclaimsofgeneticselectionbyirntelligencearemakingheadlines.Thisisdownto“hereditciart”(遺傳論的)scienceandarecentpaperclaimed“differencesinexamperformancebetweenpupilsattendingselectveandnon-selectiveschoolsmirrorthegeneticdifferencesbetweenthern".Withsuchanassertion,theworkwaspredictablygreetedbyalotofabsurdclaimsabout"geneticsdetermiringacadernicsuccesd".Whattheresearchrevealedwastheratherlesssurprisingresul:theeducationalbeneitsofselectiveschoolslargelydkisappearoncepupils’inbornabilityandsocio-economicbackgroundweretakenintoaccount.Itisaglhrrpseoftheblindinglyobvious-andthere'snothingtobackstronglyeitherahereditaryorenvironmentalargunent.Yetthepaperdoessaychildrenare“uninatertionallygeneticallyselectebytheschoo1system.Centraltohereditarianscienceisatallclairm.thatidentifiablevariationsingeneticsequencescanpredictanirndividal'saptnesstolean，reasonandsolveproblems.Thisisproblematiconmanylevels.Ateachercouldnotseriouslytelaparenttheirchildhasalowgenetictendencytostudywhenexternalfactorsclearlyexist.Untike-mindedacademicssaytheinheritabilityofhumantraitsisscientificallyunsoundAtbestthereisaweakstatisticalassociationandnotacausallinkbetweenDNAandintelligence.Yetsophisticatedstatisticsareusedtocreateanintimidatoryatmosphereofscientificcertainty.Whilethere'sanundoubtedgeneticbasistoindividualdifference,itiswrongtothinkthatsociallydefinedgroups正確答案：46.D)Students*academicperformanceisdeterminedbytheirgenes.47.A)Itsresultwasquestionable.48.B)Itisnotoneofcauseandeffect.49.A)Takeallrelevantfactorsintoaccountininterpretingtheirdata.50.D)Promotingdiscriminationinthenameofscience.(18.)NicolaSturgeon'sspeechlastTuesdaysettingouttheScottishgovernment'slegislativeprogrammefortheyearaheadconfirmedwhatwasalreadyprettyclear.ScottishcouncilsaresettobethefirstintheUKwiththepowertolevychargesonvisitors，withEdinburghlikelytoleadtheway.Touristtazesarenotnew.TheHimayalankingdormofBhutanhasalongstandingpolcyofchargingvisitorsadailyfee.France'staxedesejouronovernightstayswasintroducedtoassistthermaispa（溫泉)townstodevelop,andaroundhalfofFrenchlocalauthoritiesuseittoday.Butsuchleviesareontherise.MovesbyBarcelonaandvericetodealwiththephenomenonof"over-tourisrm”throughtheuseofchargeshaverecentlygainedprorminence.JapanandGreeceareamongthecountriestohaverecentlyintroducedtouristtaxes.ThattheUKlagsbehindisduetoourweak,byinternationalstandards,localgovernment,aswellastheoppositiontotazesandregulationofouraggressivelypro-marketrulingparty.SomeUKcitieshavelobbiedwithoutsuccessforthepowertolevyachargeonvisitors.Suchleviesarenouniversalremedyastheamountsraisedwouldbetinycomparedwithwhathasbeentakenawaybycentralgovernmentsince2010.StillitistobehopedthattheScottishgovernment'sboldmovewillpromptotherstoact.ThereisnoreasonwhyvisitorstotheUK,ordomestictouristsonholidayinhotspotssuchasCornwall,shouldbeexemptfromtaxation-particularlywhenvitallocalservicesincludirngwastecollection,parkmaintenanceandartsandculturespendingareunderunprecedentedstrain.Onthecontrary,compellingtouriststomakeafinancialcontributiontotheplacestheyvisit:beyondtheirpersonalconsurmptionshouldbepartofawiderculturalshift.westernerswithdisposableincomeshaveoftenbehavedasiftheyhavearighttogowherevertheychoosewithlittleregardfortheconsequences.Justastheenvironmentalharrmcausedbyavi正確答案：51.B)TouristswillhavetopayataxtovisitScotland.52.C)Itsrulingpartyisopposedtotaxesandregulation.53.D)Easeitsfinancialburdenofprovidinglocalservices54.A)Theydon,tseemtocareaboutthesocialcostoftourism.55.D)Unclear.(19.)[A]NotreDameCathedralintheheartofPariswaswithin“15to30minutes’ofcompletedestructionasfirefightersbattledtostopflamesreachingitsbelltowersonMondayevening,Frenchauthoritieshaverevealed.AGREaterdisasterwasavertedbymembersoftheParisfirebrigade,whoriskedtheirlivestoremaininsidetheburningmonumenttocreateawallofwaterbetweentheragingfireandthetwotowersonthewestofthebuilding.[B]TherevelationofhowcloseFrancecametolosingitsmostfamouscathedralemergedaspoliceinvestigatorsquestionedworkersinvolvedintherestorationofthemonumenttotrytoestablishthecauseofthedevastatingblaze.ParisprosecutorRemyHeitzsaidthataninitialfirealertwassoundedat6:20pmonMondayeveningbutnofirewasfound.Thesecondalertwassoundedat6:43pm,andtheblazewasdiscoveredontheroof.[C]Morethan€650millionwasraisedinafewhoursonTuesdayasFrenchbusinessleadersandglobalcorporationsannouncedtheywoulddonatetoarestorationcampaignlaunchedbythepresident,EmmanuelMacron.Butastheemergencyservicespickedthroughtheburntdebris,arowwasresurfacingoveraccusationsthatthebelovedcathedral,immortalisedinVictorHugo'snovel,wasalreadycrumblingbeforethefire.[D]ThecathedralisownedbytheFrenchstateandhasbeenatthecentreofayears-longdisputeoverwhoshouldfinancerestorationworkofthecollapsingstaircases,crumblingstatuesandcrackedwalls.Jean-MichelLeniaud,thepresidentofthescientificcouncilattheNationalHeritageInstitute,said:“Whathappenedwasboundtohappen.Thelackofadequatemaintenanceanddailyattentiontosuchamajesticbuildingisthecauseofthiscatastrophe.”Aftertheblazewasdeclaredcompletelyextinguished,15hoursafteritstarted,thejuniorinteriorminister,LaurentNunez,saidthestructurehadbeensavedbutremainedvulnerable.Hepraisedtheactions正確答案：I36.ThetotalamountofdamagetoNotreDameCathedralcanbeassessedonlywhenitsstructureisconsideredsafe.C37.OnceagainpeoplebegantoarguewhetherNotreDameCathedralwasgoing