浙江省杭州市2025屆高三下學(xué)期二模試題 英語(yǔ) 含解析

2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期杭州市高三年級(jí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題卷考生須知：本試卷分選擇題部分和非選擇題部分。選滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。選擇題部分第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatwillthewomando?A.Payherownbill. B.Checkallthebills. C.Settleallthebills.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Waiter,couldwehavethebillplease?M:CanIputitallononebill?W:No,we’dpreferseparatechecks.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howdoesthemanfindthecourse?A.Thelecturesaredifficult. B.Theclasseslackinteraction. C.Theclassmatesareveryactive.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HowareyoufindingtheEnglishLiteratureCourseforthisterm?M:Honestly,thelecturesarenotdifficultbutIreallywishtherecouldbemoreinteractionwithmyclassmates.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Housedecoration. B.Furniturestyle. C.Fashiontrend.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Areyougoingforamodernlookorsomethingmorecozy?M:Ipreferaminimaliststylefortheentirehouse,lightcolorsandsimplefurniture.W:Thatsoundscalming.Ibetit’llmakethelivingroomfeelspacioustoo.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howcanplayersimprovetheirgamingexperience?A.Byturningupthesound.B.Bychangingthegamesettings.C.Byimaginingbeinginsidethegame.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HaveyoutriedthenewVRgame?M:Yeah,thepicturesareincredible.IfeltlikeIwasactuallyinsidethegameworld.W:Thatsoundsamazing,butdon’tyouthinkitcanmakeyourheadspin?M:Sometimes,butyoucanadjustthesettings.Itmakesahugedifference.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomaninitiallyplantodo?A.Hangout. B.Gohiking. C.WatchTV.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Gotanyplansfortheweekend?W:Notreally.Justcatchinguponshows.M:I’mthinkingofhiking,iftheweather’snice.W:Thatsoundsgreat.Ishouldgetoutsidetoo.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inahotel. B.Inarestaurant. C.Inashoppingmall.7.Whatisthewomanconcernedabout?A.Thebagsmightgetbroken. B.Herstuffmaybedamaged. C.Theplaceisnotsafeenough.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Couldyoupleasehelpmewiththesebags?M:Surething,whereshouldItakethem.W:Room305,thanks.Justsoyouknow,there’ssomebreakablestuffinside.Itwouldkillmeifanythinggotbroken.M:Noworries,mistakeshappen,butfingerscrossedyourbagswillbesafeinyourroom.W:Thanksforunderstanding.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whyisthewomanhere?A.Toplaceanorder. B.Topostponetheorder. C.Tocollecttheorder.9.Whatdoesthemanpromisetooffer?A.Anextracake. B.Afreedelivery. C.Afullrefund.10.Whatwillthewomangetintheend?A.Anapologygift. B.Acar-themedcake. C.Acakewithaguitardesign.【答案】8.C9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,Iorderedacustom-madecakelastweek.I’mheretopickitup.M:Ah,youmustbeMrs.Sanders,right?Thecakewiththeguitardesign.W:That’scorrect.It’sformyband’sanniversary.Ihopeit’sready.M:Letmecheckintheback.Uhoh,thereseemstobeamixup.Wehaveacakewithacardesign,notaguitar.W:Acar?That’snotgoingtoworkatall.We’remusicians,notracecardrivers.M:I’mterriblysorryaboutthis.Wecanredesignthecakewiththeguitars.Itwillbereadyintwohoursandwe’lldeliverittoyourpartyforfree.W:Thatwouldbegreat.Thankyouforhandlingthissoquickly.Iguesseverybandhasitscarcrashmoment,right?Atleastwecanfixit.Andwhoknows,maybethatcarcakewillturnintoafunnystoryforourband.M:Forsure.Icanalreadyimaginetheheadlinebandrocksoutwithsurprisecarcake.W:Exactly.Thanksforturningthisaround.M:YouBetSeeyousoon.Mrs.Sanders.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Howdoesthewomanfeelatthebeginning?A.Calm. B.Curious. C.Nervous.12.Whatisthewoman'sproblem?A.Aseriousstomachache.B.Anoldfillingthatneedsreplacement.C.Aholeinhertoothcausingdiscomfort.13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherpreviousexperience?A.Unpleasant. B.Satisfactory. C.Boring.【答案】11.C12.C13.A【解析】【原文】M:Howareyoufeelingtoday?W:Ihavebutterfliesinmystomach.Tobehonest,I'mnotabigfanofdentistvisits.M:That'scompletelynormal.I'llmakeitaseasyaspossibleforyou.Let'stakealook,pleaseopenyourmouthwide.W:Allright.M:Hmm...there'sasmallholeinoneofyourteethonthetopright.Haveyounoticedanysensitivityorpain?W:Yes,sometimeswhenIeaticecreamordrinksomethingreallyhotitfeelslikeasharpsting.M:That'stheholecausingit.We'llneedtofixitbeforeitgetsworse.Haveyoueverhadafillingbefore?W:Yes,once.Butitwasyearsago,itwasn'tagreatexperience.M:Iunderstand.Don'tworry,it'saquickandpainlessprocedurethesedays.W:Allright,let'sgoforit.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Acampuspart-timejob. B.Achancetoworkonline. C.Aprogramforjobexperience.15.Whatfieldisthewomaninterestedin?A.Governmentpolicy. B.Businessmanagement. C.Environmentalwork.16.WhydoesMr.Johnsonsuggestvisitingthecareercenter?A.Toattendworkshops. B.Tofindlistedprograms. C.Tomeettheclubleaders.17.Whatadviceisgivenontheapplicationprocess?A.Buildingupcontacts. B.Volunteeringatthecentre. C.Focusinglessoncoursework.【答案】14.C15.C16.B17.A【解析】【原文】W:Mr.Johnson,Ihaveafavortoask.I’mlookingforprogramsthatcanbuildmyjobexperience.Canyouhelpme?M:Ofcourse,whatkindofprogramareyoulookingfor?W:I’minterestedinthingsrelatedtonatureprotection,maybewithanon-profitoragovernmentagency.M:That’sagreatarea.Haveyoucheckedthecareercenteroncampus?Theylistprogramswithorganizationsyoumightlike.W:Ihaven’tlookedthereyet.I’llcheckitout.Whataboutonline?Anywebsitesyou’drecommend?M:Absolutely,websiteslikeindeedorLinkedInhaveplentyofthings.Youcanalsocheckspecificenvironmentalorganizationswebsitesforopenings.W:WhatshouldIfocusonwhenapplying?M:Highlightrelevantcourseworkorvolunteerwork?Anddon’tbeafraidtoreachouttopeopleinthefield.W:Thanks.Mr.Johnson,thisisreallyhelpful.M:You’rewelcome.Goodluckwithyoursearch.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.WhatisTheHoneyKidsAsia?A.Aprogram. B.Amagazine. C.Acompany.19.WhoisTheHoneyKidsAsiaintendedfor?A.Tourists. B.Guides. C.Singaporeans.20.WhatcanTheHoneyKidsAsiadoforyou?A.Babysitkids. B.Savemoney. C.Openbankaccounts.【答案】18.A19.A20.B【解析】【原文】WelcometotheHoneykidsAsia,yourultimateguidetoallthingsfamilyfriendlyinSingapore.Whetheryou'reaparent,caregiverorjustlookingforgreatwaystospendtimewithkids,we'vegotyoucovered.Singaporeisanamazingdestinationforfamilyadventures.Butlet'sbereal,it’salsocrownedasthemostexpensivecityintheworld.Intoday'sepisode,we'redrivingintopracticalmoneysavingtipstohelpyouenjoythebestofSingaporewithoutbreakingthebank.Loveeatingout?Diningdoesn'thavetocostafortune.We'llrevealrestaurantswherekidseatfreeandfamilyfriendlyspotswithgreatdeals.ThinkingofhittingupSingapore'sincredibleattractions.We'llexploretipsondiscountsfreeadmissiondaysandbudgetfriendlyalternativesthatarejustasfun.We'llalsobringyouinsiderinformationonwalletfriendlysustainablelivingfromfindingsecondhandtreasuresforthekidstomasteringmealplanningstrategiesandforfreefunconsidernaturewalksattheBotanicGardensorexploringmuseumswithamazingexhibits.Soifyou'rereadytocutcosts,makememoriesandenjoyeverythingSingaporehastooffer,tuneinnow.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。APartofSTEMlearningisseeinganddoing,andthenrecordingandanalyzingtheresults.ButnotallonlineorhomeschoolprogramsaresetuptoaccommodatescienceexperimentsorotherSTEMlearningactivities.Let’stakealookatafewmind-blowinglabsthatcanhelpbringSTEMtopicsaliveforyourchild’sonlineschoolexperience.WeatherLaboratoriesTomakelearningaboutweatheraccessibleandfun,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)createdalotofinformativeweatheractivitiesandvirtuallabstheyrecommendforstudentsandeducators.Infact,theirweathersciencecontentforkidsfeaturesaWeatherLabapplicationthatallowsmiddleschoolstudentstopredictweatherpatterns,andlearnwhathappenswhenoceancurrentsandairmassesinteract.Simulations(模擬)forScienceandMathItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.Investigatemorethan150physics,chemistry,math,biology,andEarthsciencetopics.Availableindozensoflanguages,theinteractivesaresearchablebygradelevel,subject,andaccessibility.SpaceExplorationSimulationsTheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)featuresmanySTEMlearningactivitiesforstudentsingradesK-12.Theinteractivesimulationsarealsogamifiedandmakelearningengagingandfunforyourchild.Theappallowsuserstoexploretheuniverseandunlockstoriesoftrailblazingscientistsandtheircontributionstospaceexplorationandscience.21.Whoaretheintendedreaders?A.Parents. B.Students. C.Teachers. D.Researchers.22.WhatmakesSimulationsforScienceandMathdifferentfromtheotherlabs?A.Itcoversthemostsubjects. B.Ithasatranslationcentre.C.Itoffersgamifiedlearningexperiences. D.Itprovidesmultipletoolsforrecording.23.Whatdoallthethreelabshaveincommon?A.Theycentreonproblemsolvingskills.B.Theyfacilitateadvancedscientificresearch.C.Theyprovidevirtualscientificexploration.D.TheyhelpstudentswithSTEMprojectsfromschool.【答案】21.A22.A23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用。文章主要介紹了一些能讓孩子在線學(xué)習(xí)STEM課程時(shí)更生動(dòng)有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，包括氣象實(shí)驗(yàn)室、科學(xué)與數(shù)學(xué)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室、太空探索模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題、根據(jù)第一段“ButnotallonlineorhomeschoolprogramsaresetuptoaccommodatescienceexperimentsorotherSTEMlearningactivities.Let’stakealookatafewmind-blowinglabsthatcanhelpbringSTEMtopicsaliveforyourchild’sonlineschoolexperience.(但并不是所有的在線或家庭學(xué)校課程都是為了適應(yīng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)或其他STEM學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)而設(shè)置的。讓我們來(lái)看看一些令人興奮的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，它們可以幫助您的孩子在在線學(xué)校體驗(yàn)中活躍STEM主題)”可知，文章介紹這些實(shí)驗(yàn)室是為了孩子的在線學(xué)習(xí)，所以目標(biāo)讀者是家長(zhǎng)，故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Simulations(模擬)forScienceandMath中“ItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.Investigatemorethan150physics,chemistry,math,biology,andEarthsciencetopics.Availableindozensoflanguages,theinteractivesaresearchablebygradelevel,subject,andaccessibility.(它是科羅拉多大學(xué)博爾德分校的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，也是在線科學(xué)互動(dòng)和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室最豐富的單一數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之一。調(diào)查超過(guò)150個(gè)物理、化學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、生物和地球科學(xué)主題。有幾十種語(yǔ)言版本，可以根據(jù)年級(jí)、科目和可訪問(wèn)性進(jìn)行搜索)”可知，科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)模擬涵蓋多個(gè)學(xué)科，而其他實(shí)驗(yàn)室未提及如此廣泛的學(xué)科范圍。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WeatherLaboratories中的“Tomakelearningaboutweatheraccessibleandfun,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)createdahuhofinformativeweatheractivitiesandvirtuallabstheyrecommendforstudentsandeducators.Infact,theirweathersciencecontentforkidsfeaturesaWeatherLabapplicationthatallowsmiddleschoolstudentstopredictweatherpatterns,andlearnwhathappenswhenoceancurrentsandairmassesinteract.(為了讓了解天氣變得更容易、更有趣，美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局（NOAA）為學(xué)生和教育工作者推薦了一系列信息豐富的天氣活動(dòng)和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室。事實(shí)上，他們的兒童天氣科學(xué)內(nèi)容以一個(gè)天氣實(shí)驗(yàn)室應(yīng)用程序?yàn)樘厣?，該?yīng)用程序允許中學(xué)生預(yù)測(cè)天氣模式，并了解當(dāng)洋流和氣團(tuán)相互作用時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么)”可知，氣象實(shí)驗(yàn)室有虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室讓學(xué)生預(yù)測(cè)天氣模式；Simulations(模擬)forScienceandMath“ItisaprojectoftheUniversityofColoradoBoulderandoneoftherichestsingledatabasesofonlinescienceinteractivesandvirtuallabs.(它是科羅拉多大學(xué)博爾德分校的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，也是在線科學(xué)互動(dòng)和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室最豐富的單一數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之一)”可知，科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)模擬是在線科學(xué)互動(dòng)和虛擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)；SpaceExplorationSimulations中的“Theinteractivesimulationsarealsogamifiedandmakelearningengagingandfunforyourchild.(互動(dòng)模擬，也游戲化，使學(xué)習(xí)參與和樂(lè)趣為您的孩子)”可知，太空探索模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)室有互動(dòng)模擬，讓用戶探索宇宙。綜上所述，它們都提供了虛擬科學(xué)探索。故選C。BInthisfast-pacedworld,quietmomentsareoftenspentstaringataphonescreen.Forthosewhohaveforgottenhowtoswitchoffandreconnectwithourselves,DeborahAlmamayhavejustwhatthedoctorordered.SheisthefounderofThePoetryPharmacy(藥房),whoseaimistoeaseworrywithwords,allowingvisitorstobookpoetryconsultationsfortailoredadviceorpickupaquickfixofftheshelves.Lastyear,anotherPoetryPharmacyopeneditsdoorsinsideLUSHonLondon’sOxfordStreet,seekingtobringalittlecalmtothecapital.Evenbeforeshehadtwosuccessful“practices”underherbelt,Deborahwaskeenlyawareofthepowerofpoetry.Shenoticedhowitcouldbringpeopleapositivechange.Thisinspiredhertobecomethe“EmergencyPoet”travelingthecountryinavintageambulancetoofferpoetryprescriptions(處方).The1950sambulance,whichwasboughtoneBay,carried200poems,eachwithadvicelike“takethispoemwithacupoftea”or“l(fā)istentosomebirdsong”.Afteraboutadecadeofmobilemedicine,DeborahparkedupherpracticeforapermanentlocationinShropshire.Thisbecametheworld’sfirstwalk-in-poetrypharmacy,and—unliketheambulance—ithadcentralheating.Fromacozycoffeecornertoaninspiringphysicgarden,thePharmacyisdescribedas“apeacefulplacetorestanddream”.“Whathappensintheshopsisthatpeoplewholookatpillsareoftenbuyingthingsforothers.It’spotentiallyalittletheatre,butthatactofgivingandthinkingaboutsomeoneelseisheartwarming.”ThePharmacyalsoprovidesamorepersonalizedservice.“Weaskaboutpeople’sreadinghabits,howtheyrelax,ratherthantheirproblems.Itshouldbeapleasuretoanswerthesequestions,”Deborahsays.Despiteneverhavingdoneanyonlinemarketing,ThePoetryPharmacyhasadedicatedfollowingofcreativesouls,includingMarkConstantine,CEOandco-founderofLUSH.Wedon’tknowwhatthefutureholdsforThePoetryPharmacyanditsfounder,butonethingiscertain-thenextchapterisboundtobeagoodone!24.HowmanypoetrypharmacieshasDeborahopened?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.25.WhatcanpossiblyhappeninThePoetryPharmacy?A.Poetichealing. B.Helpingphoneaddicts.C.Enjoyingtheatreperformances. D.Discussingpoetrywriting.26.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theshopneedssomemarketing. B.Theshophasgainedacceptance.C.Deborahwillopenanewshopsoon. D.Deborahhasfoundsomeco-founders.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDeborah?A.Creativebutinconsistent. B.Conventionalbutwarm.C.Innovativeandcompassionate. D.Sociableandadventurous.【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本篇文章主要講述了DeborahAlma創(chuàng)立詩(shī)歌藥房，用詩(shī)歌慰藉人們心靈，其詩(shī)歌藥房從移動(dòng)服務(wù)發(fā)展到固定場(chǎng)所，還獲得了不少人的喜愛(ài)。24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Lastyear,anotherPoetryPharmacyopeneditsdoorsinsideLUSHonLondon’sOxfordStreet,seekingtobringalittlecalmtothecapital.(去年，另一家詩(shī)歌藥房在倫敦牛津街的LUSH內(nèi)開(kāi)業(yè)，試圖給首都帶來(lái)一點(diǎn)平靜)”可知，她開(kāi)了兩家藥房，故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SheisthefounderofThePoetryPharmacy(藥房),whoseaimistoeaseworrywithwords,allowingvisitorstobookpoetryconsultationsfortailoredadviceorpickupaquickfixofftheshelves.(她是詩(shī)歌藥房的創(chuàng)始人，這家公司的目標(biāo)是用文字來(lái)緩解憂慮，游客可以預(yù)約詩(shī)歌咨詢，獲得量身定制的建議，或者從書(shū)架上買到快速解決方案)”可知，詩(shī)歌藥房用詩(shī)歌緩解人們的憂慮，也就是進(jìn)行詩(shī)意的治愈，故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Despiteneverhavingdoneanyonlinemarketing,ThePoetryPharmacyhasadedicatedfollowingofcreativesouls,includingMarkConstantine,CEOandco-founderofLUSH.(盡管從未進(jìn)行過(guò)任何在線營(yíng)銷，但ThePoetryPharmacy擁有一批忠實(shí)的創(chuàng)意靈魂追隨者，其中包括LUSH的首席執(zhí)行官兼聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人馬克?康斯坦丁)”可知，詩(shī)歌藥房獲得了認(rèn)可，有了一批追隨者，故選B。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“SheisthefounderofThePoetryPharmacy(藥房),whoseaimistoeaseworrywithwords,allowingvisitorstobookpoetryconsultationsfortailoredadviceorpickupaquickfixofftheshelves.(她是詩(shī)歌藥房的創(chuàng)始人，這家公司的目標(biāo)是用文字來(lái)緩解憂慮，游客可以預(yù)約詩(shī)歌咨詢，獲得量身定制的建議，或者從書(shū)架上買到快速解決方案)”可知，Deborah創(chuàng)立詩(shī)歌藥房，用獨(dú)特的方式幫助人們，這體現(xiàn)了她的創(chuàng)新；根據(jù)第二段“Evenbeforeshehadtwosuccessful“practices”underherbelt,Deborahwaskeenlyawareofthepowerofpoetry.Shenoticedhowitcouldbringpeopleapositivechange.(甚至在她有兩次成功的“實(shí)踐”之前，黛博拉就敏銳地意識(shí)到詩(shī)歌的力量。她注意到它如何給人們帶來(lái)積極的變化)”可知，她關(guān)注人們的內(nèi)心，想幫助人們緩解憂慮，這體現(xiàn)了她的同情心。故選C。CWhenAlexanderFlemingreturnedtohislabin1928,hefoundabacteriaculturehehadgrownwasinfectedbyfungus(霉菌),killinganycoloniesittouched.Ratherthansimplystartingover,Flemingswitchedhisfocustothefungus.Heidentifiedthebacteria-killingsubstance,whichhecalled“penicillin,”andseeminglyinasinglestroke,createdthenewfieldofantibiotics(抗生素).That’showmostpeopleseeinnovation:AflashofbrillianceandEureka,anewworldisborn.Thetruth,however,ismessier.Itwasn’tuntil1943thatpenicillincameintowidespreaduse.ToputFleming’sdiscoveryincontext,considerIgnazSemmelweis,whopioneeredhandwashinginmaternitywards(產(chǎn)房),significantlyreducingchildbedfeverbutreceivingscorninsteadoffame.Thatwasbecauseinthe1850s,hisideasconflictedwiththepopularmiasmatheory,whichattributeddiseaseto“badairs.”Afterhisdeathin1865,germtheorywasaccepted,pavingthewayforFleming’slaterwork.Flemingwasagiftedbiologistbutapoorcommunicator.Whenhepublishedhisresultsin1929,fewtooknotice.In1935,HowardFloreyandErnstChaindiscoveredFleming’spaper,understooditsimportance,anddevelopedmethodstoproducepenicillininquantity.By1943,withWorldWarIⅡraging,theWarProductionBoardenlisted21companiestomass-producepenicillin,savingcountlesslivesandusheringinthenewageofantibiotics.Fleming,FloreyandChainreceivedtheNobelPrizeforMedicinein1945.Penicillinowesmuchofitssuccesstogovernmentsupport.FormanyothergroundbreakinginnovationsliketheInternetandGPS,theirinnovators,whilecarvingtheirownpath,areoftenuncertainofwheretheopportunityliesuntiltheyteamupwithothervisionariesandcorporations,whomighthavetheresourcestofast-tracktheirideas.So,lookatanysignificantinnovationandthemythofthelonegeniusandthe“eurekamoment”breaksdown.28.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Anaccountofalabstory. B.Redefinitionofatraditionalview.C.Correctionofapopularmisconception. D.Ananalysisofascientificphenomenon29.Whatisthemessageconveyedinparagraph3?A.Greatmindsthinkalike.B.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.C.Luck’sgotyourbackwhenitcomestosuccess.D.Earlyworkisasteppingstonetolaterbreakthroughs.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“usheringin”intheparagraph4mean?A.Delaying. B.Introducing. C.Predicting. D.Transforming.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.GreatInnovations:IndividualsAreTrueHeroes.B.FromFailuretoSuccess:TheStoryofPenicillin.C.TheLoneGenius:Fleming’sDiscoveryofPenicillin.D.TheLongRoadtoPenicillin:HowInnovationHappens.【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)展歷程，通過(guò)這一實(shí)例揭示了創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)復(fù)雜且漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，并非是人們通常認(rèn)為的天才的靈光一閃。【28題詳解】主旨大意題。第一段講述弗萊明發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素的過(guò)程。根據(jù)第二段“That'showmostpeopleseeinnovation:AflashofbrillianceandEureka!,anewworldisborn.Thetruth,however,ismessier.”(這就是大多數(shù)人對(duì)創(chuàng)新的看法：靈光一閃，“尤里卡”（我發(fā)現(xiàn)了），一個(gè)新世界誕生了。然而，事實(shí)卻更為復(fù)雜)”可知，前兩段主要是糾正人們對(duì)創(chuàng)新的普遍誤解，即認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新是一蹴而就的這種錯(cuò)誤觀念。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thatwasbecauseinthe1850s,hisideasconflictedwiththepopularmiasmatheory,whichattributeddiseaseto“badairs.”Afterhisdeathin1865,germtheorywasaccepted,pavingthewayforFleming'slaterwork.(這是因?yàn)樵?9世紀(jì)50年代，他的觀點(diǎn)與流行的瘴氣理論相沖突，后者將疾病歸因于“惡劣的空氣”。1865年他去世后，細(xì)菌理論被接受，為弗萊明后來(lái)的工作鋪平了道路)”可推知，早期塞麥爾維斯的工作為后來(lái)弗萊明的突破奠定了基礎(chǔ)，即早期工作是后來(lái)突破的墊腳石。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第四段“By1943,withWorldWarIIraging,theWarProductionBoardenlisted21companiestomass-producepenicillin,savingcountlesslives(到1943年，第二次世界大戰(zhàn)激烈進(jìn)行，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)生產(chǎn)委員會(huì)招募了21家公司大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)青霉素，拯救了無(wú)數(shù)生命)”，可知，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)抗生素，使得抗生素進(jìn)入了新時(shí)代。所以“usheringin”意思是“引入，開(kāi)啟”，與選項(xiàng)B（Introducing，引入）意思相符，故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。文章主要講述了青霉素從弗萊明的發(fā)現(xiàn)，到經(jīng)過(guò)一系列的發(fā)展，包括前人工作的鋪墊、其他人的進(jìn)一步研究以及政府的支持等，最終才得以廣泛應(yīng)用，開(kāi)啟了抗生素新時(shí)代，強(qiáng)調(diào)了創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。選項(xiàng)D“通往青霉素的漫長(zhǎng)道路：創(chuàng)新是如何發(fā)生的”為短文的最佳標(biāo)題，故選D。DPlasticandcheapclothesarenotagloriouslegacy(遺產(chǎn)).Butascientistexploringwhichitemsfromourtechnologicalcivilizationaremostlikelytosurviveformanymillionsofyearsasfossils(化石)hasreachedanironicandinstructiveconclusion:Plasticandfastfashionwillbeoureverlastinggeologicalsignature.“Plasticwilldefinitelybeasignature‘technofossil’,becauseitisincrediblydurable,wearemakingmassiveamountsofit,anditgetsaroundtheentireglobe,”saysSarahGabbott,aUniversityofLeicesterexpertonfossils.“Sowhereverthosefuturecivilizationsdig,theyaregoingtofindplastic.”Clotheswillalsomakeanabruptentryintohumanity’sfossilrecord.Today,theworld’sgrowingpopulationoftenwearsmass-producedsynthetic(合成的)clothingthatarerapidlydumpedandtheyarenotaseasilyrottedascottonandsilk.“Wearemakingtheminridiculousamounts,”saysGabbott.“Westickthemintolandfills(填埋場(chǎng)),whicharelikegiantmummificationtombs.Itisalreadyclearthatmuchofmodernfashionwillendupbeingtrulytimeless.”Fossilsarenotjustobjectsleftbehind,butalsothetracesoflife’sactivitywrittenintotherocks.Humanactivities,suchasoildrillingandnucleartests,willleavelastingscars.Humankindhasalsocreatedmanynear-indestructiblechemicals,suchasdioxinsandDDT.Giventhatsimilarmoleculesproducedbybacteriahavebeenfoundinrocksthatare1,600millionyearsoldinWesternAustralia,thesechemicalsappeartobeheretostay.“Andthereisthegraphite(石墨)usedinpencils,”saysGabbott.“Itisendearingtothinkthatitmaybethedrawingsofchildrenthatmaysurvivebestofall:apencilportrait,perhaps,ofafamilyoutsideahouse,withthesunshiningandarainbowarcingacrossthesky,”shesaysjokingly.“Thebigmessagehereisthattheamountofstuffwearenowmakingiseve-watering-it’soffthescale,”saysGabbott.Allofthestuffmadebyhumansby1950wasasmallpartofallthematteronEarth.Buttodayitoutweighsallplantsandanimals.“Thisraisesseriousquestionsforusall,”shesays,“Doyouneedthat?Doyoureallyneedtobuymore?”32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthelegacymentionedinparagraph1?ATroubling. B.Short-lived.C.Technologicallyweak. D.Environmentallyharmless.33.Whatcanbecategorizedastechnofossils?A.Dinosaurbones. B.Cottonclothing. C.Nuclearwaste. D.Solidlandfills.34.Whyis“children’sdrawings”mentionedinparagraph5?A.Tohighlighthumancreativity. B.Tocelebratemoderntechnology.C.Tostressthatwarmthoflifeisheretostay. D.Toindicatethatchemicalscouldbefossilized.35.WhatisGabbott’sprimaryconcern?A.Biodiversityloss. B.Geologicalrecordaccuracy.C.Technologicalprogress. D.Overproductionofmaterialgoods.【答案】32.A33.C34.D35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本篇文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料、快時(shí)尚衣物等人類制造的物品很可能成為數(shù)百萬(wàn)年后的化石，這引發(fā)了對(duì)物質(zhì)過(guò)度生產(chǎn)的思考?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Plasticandcheapclothesarenotagloriouslegacy(遺產(chǎn)).Butascientistexploringwhichitemsfromourtechnologicalcivilizationaremostlikelytosurviveformanymillionsofyearsasfossils(化石)hasreachedanironicandinstructiveconclusion:Plasticandfastfashionwillbeoureverlastinggeologicalsignature.(塑料和廉價(jià)衣服并不是光榮的遺產(chǎn)。但是，一位科學(xué)家在探索我們的技術(shù)文明中哪些東西最有可能以化石的形式存在數(shù)百萬(wàn)年之后，得出了一個(gè)具有諷刺意味但又具有啟發(fā)性的結(jié)論：塑料和快時(shí)尚將是我們永恒的地質(zhì)標(biāo)志)”可知，作者對(duì)其的看法是令人擔(dān)憂的。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Plasticwilldefinitelybeasignature‘technofossil’,becauseitisincrediblydurable,wearemakingmassiveamountsofit,anditgetsaroundtheentireglobe,”saysSarahGabbott,aUniversityofLeicesterexpertonfossils.(塑料肯定會(huì)成為標(biāo)志性‘科技化石’，因?yàn)樗浅Ｄ陀?，我們正在制造大量的塑料，它們遍布全球，”萊斯特大學(xué)的化石專家薩拉·加博特說(shuō))”根據(jù)第五段“Humanactivities,suchasoildrillingandnucleartests,willleavelastingscars.Humankindhasalsocreatedmanynear-indestructiblechemicals,suchasdioxinsandDDT.(人類活動(dòng)，如石油鉆探和核試驗(yàn)，將留下持久的傷痕。人類還創(chuàng)造了許多幾乎堅(jiān)不可摧的化學(xué)品，如二惡英和DDT)”可知，核廢料可以被歸類為技術(shù)化石。故選C。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Giventhatsimilarmoleculesproducedbybacteriahavebeenfoundinrocksthatare1,600millionyearsoldinWesternAustralia,thesechemicalsappeartobeheretostay.(考慮到在西澳大利亞州16億年前的巖石中發(fā)現(xiàn)了由細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的類似分子，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)似乎會(huì)留在這里)”可知，第5段提到了“兒童繪畫(huà)”是為了表明化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以變成化石。故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Thebigmessagehereisthattheamountofstuffwearenowmakingiseve-watering-it’soffthescale,”saysGabbott.Allofthestuffmadebyhumansby1950wasasmallpartofallthematteronEarth.Buttodayitoutweighsallplantsandanimals.“Thisraisesseriousquestionsforusall,”shesays,“Doyouneedthat?Doyoureallyneedtobuymore?”(“這里的重要信息是，我們現(xiàn)在制造的東西的數(shù)量已經(jīng)超出了規(guī)模，”Gabbott說(shuō)。到1950年，人類制造的所有東西只是地球上所有物質(zhì)的一小部分。但今天它超過(guò)了所有的植物和動(dòng)物?！斑@給我們所有人提出了嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，”她說(shuō)，“你需要這個(gè)嗎？你真的需要買更多嗎？”)”可知，Gabbott最關(guān)心的是物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manyadultsareproudtosharetheirfascinationswithwhatotherswouldlabelaskids’toys.MiniBrandsmysterypacksorotherblindboxeshavebecomeaphenomenonascollectiblesforsomeadults.____36____Forothers,Legosareontheirwishlistencouragedbythebrand’sgrowingnumberofgrown-upsets._____37_____Seekingandsparkingchild-likejoymaybepartoftheappeal,saidbehavioraltherapistMaddyEllberger.“Whensomethingremindsusofapositivememory,wearelikelytoengagewithitbecausetheassociationrecallsthosememories.”_____38_____Clothingbrandsarealsocashinginonnostalgia(懷舊情懷)-fromCrocscreatingaLizzieMcGuireclogtoLululemon’sDisneycollectionmakingafullcomebackthatincludesadults.Barbieisn’tjustforkidsclothesnoweither,thankstotherecentfilmand“Barbie-core”fashiontrend.Inadditiontothetrendyappeal,alltheserevivalscanalsotouchonafeelingofconnectionduringatimeofincreaseddivision.Butwhetherthatdesireforconnectionissatisfieddependsonifyoucantranslatetheexcitementintoreal,in-personconnection._____39_____Buthavingorwearingthesamethingisnottheactualstepsofformingsharedidentity,”Ellbergersaid.“AndIfeellikethat’ssomeofwhatgetslost,anditisn’timpossible.”Ellbergerhasagreatideaforthis.“Youareintoacertaintrend,liketoys.There’sagoodchanceyou’llfindotherswhoareintothesametrend.____40____Ifitwaspartofeveryone’ssecretSantaorwhiteelephant—that’sareallycut