Unit3BacktothepastReading課件-牛津譯林版(2020)高中英語(yǔ)選擇性

牛津譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修一課件Unit3BacktothepastReading33制作者：桂東一中李宇平◆內(nèi)容分析【W(wǎng)hat】本板塊語(yǔ)篇的話題為“海上航行”。兩篇?dú)v史文章圍繞“海上航行”這一話題展開，分別介紹了明朝航海家鄭和七下西洋的故事以及意大利航海家哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸的相關(guān)情況?！網(wǎng)hy】本文通過(guò)對(duì)兩位航海家的相關(guān)介紹，引導(dǎo)我們關(guān)注歷史人物，分析歷史事件，促進(jìn)人文素養(yǎng)的提升；同時(shí)，了解中國(guó)對(duì)外的積極影響，感悟中華文明在世界歷史中的重要地位，增強(qiáng)民族自豪感。

【How】本文的語(yǔ)篇類型為說(shuō)明文。文章結(jié)構(gòu)分明，條理清晰，邏輯縝密，語(yǔ)言精煉。文章按照時(shí)間發(fā)展順序展開論述，主題突出，內(nèi)容詳實(shí)，評(píng)價(jià)中肯。第一篇文章以鄭和首次遠(yuǎn)航開篇，重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)第一次航行的規(guī)模之大，突出中國(guó)古代先進(jìn)的航海和造船技術(shù)。第二篇文章聚焦哥倫布第一次航海過(guò)程中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)，體現(xiàn)哥倫布作為航海家敢于冒險(xiǎn)和勇?lián)?zé)任的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。文章運(yùn)用各類事實(shí)信息，增強(qiáng)了論述的說(shuō)服力?！?教學(xué)目標(biāo)Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.graspbasicinformationofthetwoexplorersandtheirachievements;2.makeacomparisonbetweenthetwoexplorers;3.identifytypicalfeaturesofthehistoricalarticle;4.usefactstoillustratepointsofview;5.understandthespiritofexplorationanddemonstratethisspiritinyourdailylives;6.cultivateastrongsenseofnationalpride.Explorershaveplayedanimportantroleinworldhistory.TheirdiscoverieshaveimprovedourknowledgeoftheEarthandhavealsochangedthewayweunderstandourplaceintheworld.Thehistoricalarticlesbelowareaboutthevoyagesoftwofamousexplorers.Beforeyoureadthearticles,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:place(insth)身份；地位；資格Myfatherbelievedthatpeopleshouldknowtheirplace.我父親認(rèn)為，人應(yīng)該安分守己。1.Whatdangersdidexplorersfaceinthepast?

Inthepast,beforemoderntechnologieswereinvented,explorersmainlytravelledbyshipandonfoot,ortheyusedanimalstogetaround.TheydidnothaveGPSandmanymedicaltreatmentsfordiseaseswerenotyetdiscovered.Becauseofthelackoftheseinventionsanddiscoveries,journeysofexplorationwouldtakealongtimeandconditionswereveryunhealthyandunsafe.Manyexplorerswouldgetextremelyillanddiefromdiseases.Theywouldalsogetlostindangerousenvironments,likeatseaorinthejungles.getaround傳播；流傳；各處走動(dòng);成功地對(duì)付；解決；克服

2.Whatarethepossiblerequirementsforbecominganexplorer?

Tobecomeanexplorer,Ithinkapersonneedstobebrave,smartandindependent.First,beingbraveisarequirementbecausewhenyouexplore,youmaymeetdanger,andinthatcaseyouneedtoremaincalmandclear-headed.Second,asmartpersonismorelikelytobegoodatproblem-solvingandthisisanecessitywhenonestepsoutintotheunknown.Finally,anindependentpersonwillcopebetterwithdifficultsituationsfarawayfromhome.Also,independentpeopletendtobecuriousandhaveadesiretoexplorenewplaces,meetnewpeopleanddiscovernewthings./n??ses?ti/Sailingtheoceans碧海遠(yuǎn)航ZhengHeInthesummerof1405,ZhengHe,oneofChina’sgreatestexplorers,setsailfromTaicangonhisfirstvoyage.Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas,withalmost28,000peopleonboard,whichwasasplendidscene.1405年夏，中國(guó)一位最偉大的探險(xiǎn)家鄭和從太倉(cāng)起錨，開啟了他的首次遠(yuǎn)航。其船隊(duì)有船200余艘，載著近兩萬(wàn)八千人，在碧海上乘風(fēng)破浪，場(chǎng)面極其壯觀。navigate航行；航海；橫渡Itwouldtake500yearsbeforealargerfleetsailedtheseas.Accordingtosomerecords,thelargestshipswereover140metresinlength,demonstratingtheadvancedtechnologyandspecialskillsusedinconstructingships.

規(guī)模更大的航海船隊(duì)要到500年后才出現(xiàn)。據(jù)史料記載，鄭和船隊(duì)最大的船長(zhǎng)逾140米，可知其造船技術(shù)之高超，工藝之獨(dú)特。1405至1433年間，鄭和代表明朝總共進(jìn)行了七次航行。dem·on·strate

/?dem?nstre?t/證明；證實(shí)；論證；說(shuō)明；表達(dá)；表露；表現(xiàn)；顯露Between1405and1433,onbehalfoftheMingDynasty,ZhengHemadeatotalofsevenvoyages.Hisshipswereloadedwith

china,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers,andthefleetpaidfriendlyvisitstomorethan30countriesandregions.HeevensailedasfarastheeastcoastofAfrica.

1405至1433年間，鄭和代表明朝總共進(jìn)行了七次航行。他的船滿載瓷器、絲綢、茶葉和其他奇珍異寶作為饋贈(zèng)異邦君王的禮品。船隊(duì)先后對(duì)30多個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)進(jìn)行友好訪問(wèn)。他最遠(yuǎn)甚至抵達(dá)了非洲東海岸。Astheysailed,thenavigatorstookcompassreadings,keptlogsoftheirvoyagesandchartedthecoast.LaterthedetailedmapsbecameZhengHe’sNavigationMap.海員們一路上記錄羅盤刻度，書寫航海日志，繪制海岸地圖。這些詳細(xì)的地圖后來(lái)集為《鄭和航海圖》。navi·ga·tor/?n?v?ɡe?t?(r)/航行者，航海者，駕駛員，領(lǐng)航員reading（儀表的）讀數(shù)；讀本；讀物；閱讀材料chart

/t?ɑ?t/繪制（區(qū)域）的地圖,=map

ZhengHe’ssevenvoyageshadafar-reachingimpactonChinaanditsneighbours.InthecountriesandregionswhereZhengHesetfoot,legendshavebeenpassedonaboutthisgreatexplorer.△ZhengHe’seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththesecountriesandregions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslands.鄭和七次下西洋對(duì)中國(guó)及其鄰國(guó)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。在鄭和到訪過(guò)的國(guó)家和地區(qū)，至今流傳著有關(guān)這位偉大探險(xiǎn)家的傳說(shuō)。鄭和的努力有助于發(fā)展和鞏固中國(guó)與這些國(guó)家和地區(qū)的和睦關(guān)系，促進(jìn)中國(guó)文化的對(duì)外傳播，也增進(jìn)中國(guó)對(duì)海外諸邦的了解。far-reaching影響深遠(yuǎn)的;廣泛的

land

(涉及感情或想象)國(guó)家，地區(qū)setfootin/onsth進(jìn)入，訪問(wèn)，參觀（某地）Formanyyears,somehistoriansdismissedtherecordsofthesevoyagesaslegends.ThefinalproofcamewhenanenormousshipyardwasdiscoveredinNanjing,wherethefleethadbeenbuilt.ZhengHe’saccomplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged,andheisrememberedasoneofChina’smostinfluentialexplorers.多年來(lái)，一些歷史學(xué)家認(rèn)為這些航?；顒?dòng)的記載只是傳說(shuō)而不予理會(huì)。后來(lái)，鐵證出現(xiàn)了，在南京發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)巨大的造船廠，當(dāng)年鄭和的船便在此處建造。鄭和的成就在今天獲得廣泛認(rèn)可，他也作為中國(guó)最具影響力的探險(xiǎn)家之一被世人銘記。ship·yard/???pjɑ?d/船塢；造船廠；修船廠be

rememberedas/forsth.因某事而成名（或名留青史）ChristopherColumbus/?kr?st?f?k??l?mb?s/Thosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenovercomemanychallengesalongtheway—aswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.ColumbuswasborninaportcityofItalyin1451.Asateenager,helovedsailing,andheshowedgreatinterestingeography,whichinspiredhimtobeginhiscareerasaseaman.凡取得偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)的人，往往必須戰(zhàn)勝重重磨難，探險(xiǎn)家克里斯托弗·?哥倫布便是如此。1451年，哥倫布生于意大利一個(gè)港口城市。少年時(shí)代他就喜愛航海，對(duì)地理表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣。這些激勵(lì)他開始了海員生涯。Italy/??t?li/意大利sea·man/?si?m?n/水兵；水手；海員ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndiesbysailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.Aftercontinuousattempts,hereceivedfinancialsupportfromtheKingandQueenofSpain.On3August1492,hedepartedfromSpainwiththreeshipscarryingabout90crewmen.

哥倫布決心橫渡大西洋，開辟一條直通東印度群島的航線。經(jīng)過(guò)不懈的嘗試，他終于獲得了西班牙國(guó)王和王后的資。1492年8月3日，他和約90名船員分乘三艘船從西班牙出發(fā)。theEastIndies/??nd?z/東印度群島Spain/spe?n/西班牙crew·man/?kru?m?n/乘務(wù)員，船員（通常為男性）Thejourneywasfullofchallenges:ittooklongerthanexpected,theyfacedashortageoffood,andoneoftheshipswasleakingbadly,whichputeveryoneonthisshipingravedanger.Themenonboardwereinpanic.Regardlessofallthechallenges,Columbusmanagedtokeepeveryoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheocean.這次航行中他們飽經(jīng)患難：航行時(shí)間超過(guò)預(yù)期，食物儲(chǔ)備不足，還有一艘船嚴(yán)重漏水，船上所有人都命懸一線。人們都陷入了恐慌。哥倫布不顧所有的挑戰(zhàn)，憑借自己的知識(shí)和勇氣，確保大家都平安越過(guò)海洋。face面臨，必須對(duì)付（某情況）Finally,on12October,thecrewspottedlandinthedistance.ColumbuscalledthenativeslivingontheislandsIndiansbecausehewasconvincedthathewasintheEastIndies.However,theshorestheyhadreachedwereoftheCaribbean,nottheEastIndies.終于，10月12日那天，有船員看到遠(yuǎn)方的陸地。哥倫布深信來(lái)到了東印度群島，便將生活在島上的土著人稱為印地安人。然而，他們所到達(dá)的海岸其實(shí)屬于加勒比海地區(qū)，而不是東印度群島。Indian/??ndi?n/印第安人theCaribbean/?k?r??bi??n/加勒比海地區(qū)Between1493and1504,Columbusfoundmorelandoverthecourseofhisthreesubsequentvoyages.Themajorcontributionofthisgreatexploreristhathe“discovered”theNewWorld.HisdiscoveryinspiredexplorerssuchasCaptainJamesCooktoexploreanddiscovermorevastareasoftheworld.1493至1504年間，哥倫布又先后三次出航，途中發(fā)現(xiàn)了更多陸地。這位偉大探險(xiǎn)家最大的貢獻(xiàn)是“發(fā)現(xiàn)”新大陸。他的發(fā)現(xiàn)激勵(lì)了諸如詹姆斯·?庫(kù)克船長(zhǎng)這樣的探險(xiǎn)家去探索和發(fā)現(xiàn)世界更多廣闊的區(qū)域。in/overthecourseof...(用于表示時(shí)間段)在…期間；在…的時(shí)候theNewWorld新大陸HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindings.Thisperiodalsoallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.他的航?；顒?dòng)開啟了大航海時(shí)代的新篇章，那是一個(gè)見證許多重大地理發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)期。同時(shí)，這個(gè)時(shí)期也實(shí)現(xiàn)了思想和文化的國(guó)際交流。chap·ter/?t??pt?(r)/（人生或歷史的）時(shí)期，時(shí)代，篇章theAgeofExploration大航海時(shí)代geographical/?d????ɡr?f?k?l/地理的

A.UnderstandingthetextPage32A1.Readthehistoricalarticlesandcompletethetablebelow.Inthesummerof1405On3August1492TaicangSpainOver200shipsThreeshipsAlmost28,000peopleAbout90crewmenAsfarastheeastcoastofAfricaTheshoresoftheCaribbeanSevenFourZhengHe’sexplorationChristopherColumbus’sexplorationSignificanceZhengHe’svoyageshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththecountriesandregions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslands.

Columbus’sdiscoveryinspiredexplorerstoexploreanddiscovermorevastareasoftheworld.HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindingsandallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.A2.Readthehistoricalarticlesagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhywereZhengHe’sshipsloadedwithchina,silk,teaandothertreasures?2.WhathelpedprovethattherecordsofZhengHe’svoyageswerenotlegends?Becausethesearegiftstoforeignrulers.AnenormousshipyardwasdiscoveredinNanjing,wherethefleethadbeenbuilt.3.WhatchallengesdidColumbusandhiscrewencounterduringthejourneyin

1492?4.WhydidColumbuscallthenativesIndians?Ittooklongerthanexpected,theyalmostranoutoffoodandwaterenteredoneoftheships.BecausehewasconvincedthathewasintheEastIndies.A3.Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.1.WhatfactorsmadethevoyagesofZhengHeandColumbussosuccessful?Usetheinformationinthearticlestosupportyouropinion.OneofthefactorsthatcontributedtoZhengHe’ssuccessfulvoyageswastheadvancedtechnologyandshipbuildingskillsusedatthattime,whichensuredthattheshipswerestrongenoughtohandledangeroussituationsatsea.han·dle

/?h?ndl/處理，應(yīng)付（局勢(shì)、人、工作或感情）Hisnavigationskillsalsohelpedmakethejourneyssuccessful,includinghisskillatreadingacompass,keepinglogsandchartingthecoast.Inaddition,ZhengHetookmanygiftsforthepeoplehewouldmeetonhisvoyagesandhetreatedtheminafriendlymannertosharetheChineseculturewiththemwhilealsolearningabouttheirs.ChristopherColumbusbecameasuccessfulexplorerbecausehelovedsailingandshowedgreatinterestingeographyfromayoungage.Asanadult,hispassionforexplorationgrewstrongerandhewasfortunatetoreceivefinancialsupportfromtheKingandQueenofSpain.Columbuswasalsobraveandknowledgeable.Heovercamemanychallengesduringthedangerouspartsofthevoyages.know·ledge·able(aboutsth)

/?n?l?d??bl/博學(xué)的；有見識(shí)的；知識(shí)淵博的,=wellinformed2.Whathaveyoulearntaboutthespiritofexplorationfromthearticles?

Thearticleshavetaughtmethatthespiritofexplorationisextraordinarilystronginhumansandthatitisanimportantpartofourexistence.Itishumannaturetodiscovernewthingsbecausewearegenerallycurious,andwearenotafraidofhardshipordanger.extra·or·din·ar·ily/?k?str??dnr?li/極其，極端地；非常奇怪地，不尋常地Thiskindofspiritencouragesustotrynewthingsandpushthelimitsofwhatispossible.Ifwedidnothavethestrongspiritofexploration,ourspecieswouldneverprogress,andwewouldneverknowoftheamazingdiversityfoundontheEarth.Similarly,ifwearenotwillingtoexplorenewthingsorareafraidoftakingrisksindailylife,wemaylosemanychancestoexpandourunderstandingoftheworld.pushthelimits/boundariesof挑戰(zhàn)極限，突破極限pro·gress/pr??ɡres/進(jìn)步；改進(jìn)；進(jìn)展，=advance3.Howmightexplorershavechangedthecourseofhistory?

courseofsth進(jìn)展；進(jìn)程

Ourmodernworldistheresultofthediscoveriesmadebyexplorers.Ifsomeofthesediscoverieswerenotmade,ourliveswouldbevastlydifferent,fromthefoodweeattotheideaswehave,eventothelanguageswespeak.vastly/?vɑ?stl?/極其Forinstance,chocolateismuchlovedacrosstheworld,yet,ifexplorershadnotdiscoveredthecacaobeansinSouthAmerica,wemightneverhavebrewedthemintowhatiscertainlymostpeople’sfavouritetreat.Ourideaswouldbedifferenttoobecausewithoutexploration,certainconceptsfoundinmaths,scienceandmedicinemightneverhavebeensharedandfurtherdevelopedtoprovideuswiththeknowledgewehavetoday.ca·cao/k??ka?/可可（種子用以制作巧克力和可可粉）；可可豆brew

/bru?/釀制（啤酒）；沏（茶）；煮（咖啡）treat<美>甜食；（尤指不經(jīng)常吃的）美味佳肴Finally,thevoyagesmadebyexplorershelpedestablishregularcontactbetweendifferentpartsoftheworld.Indoingso,languageshaveevolvedandcultureshavespread,creatingamorecolourfulworld.B.BuildingyourlanguagePage33B1.Thearticlebelow,fromatravelwebsite,tellsthestoryabouttheTomboftheKingofBoni.Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.subsequentharmoniousinfluentialonbehalfofproofstrengthenacknowledgebeloadedwithTheearly1400swasagloriouserainChinesehistory.Duringthistime,theYongleEmperorwantedtodevelop(1)

___________relationswiththeoverseasneighbours.ZhengHe,oneofthemost(2)

__________explorers,tookchargeofthetask.OneofthestatesmentionedinthehistoricalrecordswasBoni(present-dayBrunei),asmallkingdominSouth-EastAsia.neighbour鄰國(guó)glori·ous/?ɡl??ri?s/壯麗的；輝煌的；光輝燦爛的Brunei/bru?na?/文萊harmoniousinfluentialThereis(3)

______thatChinaestablishedverygoodrelationswiththisstatealongtimeago:oneofitskingswasburiedinNanjingduringtheearlyMingDynasty,andthereisafascinatinglegendabouttheking.In1405,(4)

___________theemperor,ZhengHesailedtheoceansonhisfirstvoyage.Hisfleet(5)

______________giftstotheneighbouringcountriesandregions.In1407,hetravelledtoBoni,which(6)

____________thefriendlyrelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.neigh·bour·ing

/?ne?b?r??/鄰近的；附近的；毗鄰的proofonbehalfofwasloadedwithstrengthenedInthe(7)

___________year,theKingofBonipaidafriendlyvisittoChina.Hewasaccompaniedbymorethan150people.TherecordsshowthatthevisitorswereastonishedbyhowrichandtechnologicallyadvancedtheMingDynastywas.TheyreceivedaroyalwelcomefromtheYongleEmperor.technologically/?tekn??l?d??kli/科技地；技術(shù)上地royal

/?r???l/莊嚴(yán)的；盛大的；高貴的；適合國(guó)王（或女王）的,=splendidsubsequentUnfortunately,afteroveramonthinthecapital,thekingfellill.Onhisdeathbed,heaskedtobeburiedinChina,andinlinewithhiswilltheemperorbuiltatombforhim.Thistombbearswitnesstothelonghistoryoffriendlyinteractionsbetweenthetwocountriesandisnow(8)

______________asoneofthemanyimportanthistoricsitesinChina.death·bed/?deθbed/臨終之榻onhisdeathbed臨終時(shí)inlinewithsth.與某事物一致，隨著某事物bear/givewitness(tosth)為…作證；證明acknowledgedB2.Thehistoricalarticlesusealotofwordsandphrasesrelatedtonavigation.Findthewordsandphrasesinthearticlesandthinkofmoreonyourown.

WordsandphrasesforpeopleWordsandphras