組織的管理層次和業(yè)務(wù)流

組織的管理層次和業(yè)務(wù)流LICTthecollectionanalysisandevaluationofdatathetransferofinformation

FlowsofinformationinlogisticsandsupplychainsThetimingandqualityoftheinformation

組織的管理層次和業(yè)務(wù)流高層決策層（戰(zhàn)略層）中間管理層（戰(zhàn)術(shù)層）

執(zhí)行管理層（操作/作業(yè)層）策劃人事制造市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)財(cái)務(wù)日常管理DSS

MISEDP/TPS人員流事務(wù)流資金流物資流信息流領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職能組織職能計(jì)劃職能控制職能作業(yè)職能數(shù)據(jù)處理/事務(wù)處理決策支持管理信息系統(tǒng)Therearedifferentlevelsofinformationrequiredinlogistics.Thesedifferentlevelsandfunctionscanbeidentifiedasthestrategic,tacticalandoperationallevels.InformationatthestrategiclevelPurchasing:e.g.informationaboutalternativesuppliersProduction:e.g.informationtohelpdetermineproductranges1.DefinitionInventory:e.g.informationtohelpdecideonformatofstockholdingWarehousing:e.g.informationtohelpindecidingonusinganown-accountoperationorthirdpartycontractorsTransportation:e.g.informationtohelpindecisiontobuyorleasevehiclesMarketing:e.g.informationondemographicpatterns1.DefinitionInformationatthetacticallevelmedium-toshort-termplanningforecasting,schedulingandresourceplanning.middlemanagers1.DefinitionPurchasing→assistwithorderschedulingProduction→assistindecidingrunlengthsInventory→assistinsettingstocklevelsWarehousing→resourcelevelsneededTransportation→routingandschedulingandprovisionMarketing→assistinplanningseasonalorders1.DefinitionInformationattheoperationallevelshorter-termtominute-by-minutedecisionscontingenciesandchangesfirstlinemanagementandoperatives1.DefinitionPurchasing→helpdecidewhentoplaceorderswithsuppliersProduction→release(出庫(kù))ofrawmaterialsfromstockInventory→schedulingsupplierordersWarehousing→pickinglistsTransportation→deliverynotesMarketing→orderreceiving1.DefinitionManyofthetechniquesinlogistics,relyontheelectronicgatheringandmanipulationofdata.Electroniccommunicationenablesautomaticdecision-making,themodelingofproposedchanges,automatictrackingcontrol,automaticgenerationofperformancemonitoringandcontrol.2.InformationApplicationModelingproposedchangesProposed（所提議的，建議的，alternative）changestooperationsandnetworkscanbemodeledsothattheeffectscanbeassessedandthendecisionstaken.acompanymaywishtochangethewayitschedulesitsvehicleoperations.2.InformationApplicationAutomatictrackingcontrolAutomatictrackingcontrolofvehicles,loadsandassets.2.InformationApplicationEDI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用戶文件發(fā)送方用戶文件接收方平臺(tái)文件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文件平臺(tái)文件X.25或PSTN等傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)加封對(duì)照翻譯解封EDI作業(yè)流程圖EDI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指的是各企業(yè)共同的交流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是數(shù)據(jù)交換的翻譯，它使得遵循這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的企業(yè)與組織能進(jìn)行電子數(shù)據(jù)交換作業(yè)流程。如圖EDI系統(tǒng)的類(lèi)型目前最常用的EDI系統(tǒng)主要有兩種類(lèi)型：?jiǎn)螌?duì)多EDI系統(tǒng)和增值網(wǎng)（VAN），如圖制造商零售商供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商制造商/零售商制造商/零售商制造商/零售商第三方供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)商

單對(duì)多EDI系統(tǒng)、VAN系統(tǒng)物流EDI所謂物流EDI是指貨主、承運(yùn)業(yè)主以及其他相關(guān)單位之間通過(guò)EDI系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行物流數(shù)據(jù)交換，以此為基礎(chǔ)實(shí)施物流活動(dòng)的方法，其框架結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示。相關(guān)單位（倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)等）協(xié)作單位（金融保險(xiǎn)）承運(yùn)業(yè)主貨主（廠商、貿(mào)易商）電子數(shù)據(jù)交換（EDI）

物流EDI框架結(jié)構(gòu)3.UseofEDIintheSupplyChainEPOStechnologyisthecaptureofdataonelectronicfilesatthepointwhereasaletakesplace.supermarketcheckoutFromthecustomer’spointofviewFromthestore’spointofviewquantitiessoldofeachproductstockrecordsareupdatedautomatically.EPOSdataissentviaEDItotheretailer’sregionalwarehousesandtotheirHeadquarters.Thistriggersreplenishmentfromretailer’sstockandtriggersreplenishmentfromthemanufacturer’sstocktotheretailer’swarehouse.shortenleadtimesandlowerstocklevels.3.UseofEDIintheSupplyChain

4.

LOGISTICSNETWORKING

上海聯(lián)華超市集團(tuán)EDI應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu):GPS技術(shù)全球定位系統(tǒng)（GlobalPositioning

System）GPS系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)全球定位精度高功能多，應(yīng)用廣RadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)射頻