Unit3TheworldofscienceUsingLanguage課件-高一英語(yǔ)

外研版必修三,Unit3,Theworldofscience,P38,

UsingLanguageRewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffected,3D-printedhamburgershavebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathasbeenachievedtodateisinmedicine.Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting—inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Humanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.Anew3D-printedshellhasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassivewhereappropriate.

教學(xué)提示一般來(lái)說(shuō)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選用應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的情況而定。下面幾種情況一般用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1）不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。例如：

Such

books

have

been

written

for

children

.(兒童編寫(xiě)這類圖書(shū)了。)2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：

All

these

products

have

been

tested

.（這些產(chǎn)品都經(jīng)過(guò)測(cè)試了。)3）動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很模糊。例如：The

letter

has

been

opened

.（這封信被人拆開(kāi)了。)4）有時(shí)為了禮貌的需要，避免說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：

They

have

been

told

many

times

not

to

make

noises

.（已經(jīng)有人多次跟他們說(shuō)別那么大聲了。)have/hasbeendone強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；

主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。一含義：(1)Thedoorhasbeenlocked.這個(gè)門(mén)被鎖了。(2)Theseflowershavebeenwatered,andyoucangohome.

這些花已經(jīng)被澆過(guò)了，你可以回家了。(3)Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned,soyouneedn'tcleanitnow.我們的教室已經(jīng)被打掃過(guò)了，所以你現(xiàn)在不必打掃了。1.肯定式：主語(yǔ)＋have/has+been+done二、結(jié)構(gòu)2.否定式：主語(yǔ)＋have/has+not+been+doneThewindowhasbeenbroken.窗戶被打破了。Therobothasbeendamaged.機(jī)器人被損壞了Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat.墨跡還沒(méi)有從他的外套上去掉。3.一般疑問(wèn)句:需將___________提到主語(yǔ)的前面。have/has肯定句：Hisbikehasbeenrepaired.一般疑問(wèn)句：Hashisbikebeenrepaired?4.特殊疑問(wèn)句：提問(wèn)主語(yǔ)：提問(wèn)其他：疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)＋been+done？特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句？(1)Whohasbeeninvited?誰(shuí)被邀請(qǐng)了？(2)Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?have/has+主語(yǔ)＋been+done...?三、用法及注意事項(xiàng)1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成某種影響。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于“howlong...”句型中。(1)Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.這臺(tái)機(jī)器已經(jīng)被修理了兩個(gè)小時(shí)了(2)Howlonghasthecarbeenrepaired?這輛車被修了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了2.用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻已完成的動(dòng)作。We'llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.這項(xiàng)工作一結(jié)束，我們就開(kāi)始。3.副詞的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。(1)Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.這樣的人幾乎不被相信(2)Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.機(jī)器已經(jīng)被修好了。4.不及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）如happen,takeplace,die,appear沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或者副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。注意介詞和副詞不能丟掉。e.g.孩子們這些年被王奶奶照顧得很好。ThechildhasbeentakengoodcareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears.E1:課文原句展示：Nowlookforsentenceswiththepresentperfectpassiveinthereadingpassage.1.para.1,L4,TheNewAgeof...hasjustbeenpublished.2.para.3,L1,yetIguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleof...3.para.6,L5,importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicine...4.para.8,L2,Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenused...5.para.9,L1,I'vealsobeentoldthatyou'reaninventoryourself.6.para.14,L2,Nothinglikethishasbeeninventedyetand...underlineandreadthemExercise2

:Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.(參考答案)1.Many

things

in

our

lives

_____________________________.2.3D-

printed

hamburgers

___________________to

customers

in

some

restaurants

in

London

.

3.But

perhaps

the

most

significant

success

that

_____________________

to

date

is

in

medicine

.

4.Human

body

parts

,

including

a

beating

heart

,

__________________with

3D

printing

technology

.

5.A

new

3D-

printed

shell

_________________to

a

turtle

injured

in

a

forest

fire

!have

already

been

affectedhave

been

servedhas

been

achievedhave

been

madehas

been

givenExercise3

:ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassivewhereappropriate.(參考答案)1.The

lock

on

the

door

has

been

broken

.2.The

window

has

been

broken

.

3.My

two

laptops

have

been

stolen

.4.Beakers

and

test

tubes

have

been

destroyed

.

5.The

book

case

has

been

opened

,

and

some

files

have

been

taken

away

while

others

have

been

thrown

everywhere

.

6.The

robot

has

been

damaged

.Mylabhasbeenbrokeninto!My...燒杯試管手提電腦CareesinscienceP39-40Part2:Exercise4:

Whatdoyouknowaboutthesecareers?1.

A

physicist

is

a

person

who

does

research

connected

with

_________

or

who

studies

physics

.

2.A

mathematician

is

a

person

who

is

trained

in

the

study

of

____________________________.

3.A

chemist

is

a

person

who

does

research

connected

with

_________

or

who

studies

__________

.physicsnumbers

and

calculations

chemistrychemistryExercise4:4.An

astronomer

is

a

scientist

who

studies

_________,_________,

and

other

________________5.A

geographer

is

a

person

who

studies____________

or

is

an

expert

in

it

.

6.A

biologist

is

a

person

who

studies

or

works

in

the

field

of

________.the

stars

planetsnatural

objects

in

space

.

geographybiology1.

A

physicist

is

a

person

who

does

research

connected

with

physics

or

who

studies

physics

.

2.A

mathematician

is

a

person

who

is

trained

in

the

study

of

numbers

and

calculations

.

3.A

chemist

is

a

person

who

does

research

connected

with

chemistry

or

who

studies

chemistry

.4.An

astronomer

is

a

scientist

who

studies

the

stars

,

planets

,

and

other

natural

objects

in

space

.

5.A

geographer

is

a

person

who

studies

geography

or

is

an

expert

in

it

.

6.A

biologist

is

a

person

who

studies

or

works

in

the

field

of

biology

.ReadthemTipsLearningtolearnWordsaboutdifferentcareersinsciencecanbeformedbyadding-er,-ist,or-ianattheendofthewordsaboutsubjects,egbiology--biologist.參考答案1

astronomer

2

biologist

3

geographer

4

physicist

5

chemist

6

mathematicians

Exercise5:元朝郭守敬達(dá)爾文北魏酈道元居里夫人陳景潤(rùn)知識(shí)補(bǔ)充：郭守敬：元代天文學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家、水利科學(xué)家、地理學(xué)家、儀器制造家。許多人都知道郭守敬在天文方面貢獻(xiàn)卓著，卻不知其實(shí)他在中國(guó)水利發(fā)展史上，也留下光輝的一頁(yè)，并被稱為“京杭大運(yùn)河之父”。主要貢獻(xiàn)在水利、儀象和歷算三個(gè)領(lǐng)域。制定《授時(shí)歷》，造天文測(cè)量?jī)x器等。知識(shí)補(bǔ)充：酈道元：北魏著名地理學(xué)家、文學(xué)家，我國(guó)游記文學(xué)的開(kāi)創(chuàng)者。他仕途坎坷，多次被下放和調(diào)任?；谛枰蛯?duì)地理的濃厚興趣，罷官期間，他開(kāi)始了著書(shū)之路。他長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)行實(shí)地考察，尋訪歷史古跡，觀察水流地勢(shì)，走尋探訪各地的物產(chǎn)民俗、風(fēng)土人情、歷史興衰和神話傳說(shuō)。經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真研究分析、大量引進(jìn)歷史文獻(xiàn)，傾盡畢生心血，《水經(jīng)注》得以現(xiàn)世。在地理方面，這本書(shū)被稱為中國(guó)古代最系統(tǒng)、最全面的綜合性地理著作。酈道元以他對(duì)自然山水的熱愛(ài)、淵博的知識(shí)、精彩的語(yǔ)言，生動(dòng)形象的描寫(xiě)了祖國(guó)大好河山的壯麗，《水經(jīng)注》流芳萬(wàn)世。自三峽七百里中，兩岸連山，略無(wú)闕處。重巖疊嶂，隱天蔽日，自非亭午夜分，不見(jiàn)曦月。至于夏水襄陵，沿溯阻絕?；蛲趺毙?，有時(shí)朝發(fā)白帝，暮到江陵，其間千二百里，雖乘奔御風(fēng)，不以疾也。春冬之時(shí)，則素湍綠潭，回清倒影，絕巘多生怪柏，懸泉瀑布，飛漱其間，清榮峻茂，良多趣味。每至晴初霜旦，林寒澗肅，常有高猿長(zhǎng)嘯，屬引凄異，空谷傳響，哀轉(zhuǎn)久絕。故漁者歌曰：“巴東三峽巫峽長(zhǎng)，猿鳴三聲淚沾裳?！保◣t，讀音同眼，山的意思）InventionstoriesP41Part3:Didyouknow?Alzheimer

'

s

disease

is

a

brain

disorder

that

causes

problems

with

memory

,

thinking

and

behaviour.The

majority

of

people

with

Alzheimer

'

s

are

65

and

above.It

is

recognised

as

the

most

common

mental

disease

among

older

people,

and

the

number

of

sufferers

is

growing.Curr