備戰(zhàn)2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件（共111張） 英語 專題1 閱讀理解 第2講 明晰文體-解題快又準

第2講明晰文體——解題快又準WPS,aclicktounlimitedpossibilities匯報人：目錄索引01文體1應(yīng)用文02文體2記敘文03文體3說明文04文體4議論文考情表解卷別新高考Ⅰ卷新高考Ⅱ卷年份202420232022202420232022體裁A應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文應(yīng)用文B夾敘夾議文記敘文夾敘夾議文說明文說明文記敘文C說明文說明文記敘文說明文說明文說明文D說明文說明文說明文書評說明文說明文卷別新高考Ⅰ卷新高考Ⅱ卷年份202420232022202420232022題材A志愿者招募自行車租賃課程評分四種徒步活動護理員項目博物館團游B中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療動物生態(tài)設(shè)計食物浪費短故事小亭學(xué)校園藝項目新媒體時代C紙質(zhì)閱讀和數(shù)字閱讀書的序言養(yǎng)雞項目巴比倫微型農(nóng)場閱讀的藝術(shù)短信監(jiān)控器D現(xiàn)代生物數(shù)據(jù)采樣群體智慧效應(yīng)語音發(fā)展以人工智能為主題的書接觸大自然有氧運動文體1應(yīng)用文01應(yīng)用文包括通知、廣告、便條、申請書、個人簡介、商品說明與介紹、新聞報道等,形式多樣,題材各異(如圖示、表格等),措辭簡潔明了,直截了當(dāng),其目的是向讀者傳輸信息。

(2024新課標Ⅰ卷,A)HABITAT

RESTORATION

TEAMHelprestoreandprotectMarin’snaturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlandstoBolinasRidge.We’llexplorebeautifulparksiteswhileconductinginvasive(侵入的)plantremoval,winterplanting,andseedcollection.HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesandprotectingendangeredspeciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.GROUPSGroupsof5ormorerequirespecialarrangementsandmustbeconfirmedinadvance.PleasereviewtheListofAvailableProjectsandfillouttheGroupProjectRequestForm.AGE,SKILLS,WHAT

TO

BRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.We’llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.Bringapersonalwaterbottle,sunscreen,andlunch.Noexperiencenecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.Fulfills(滿足)communityservicerequirements.UPCOMING

EVENTSTimeMeeting

LocationSunday,Jan.1510:00am-1:00pmBatteryAlexanderTrailheadSunday,Jan.2210:00am-2:30pmStinsonBeachParkingLotSunday,Jan.299:30am-2:30pmCoyoteRidgeTrailhead21.WhatistheaimoftheHabitatRestorationTeam?A.Todiscovermineralresources.B.Todevelopnewwildlifeparks.C.Toprotectthelocalecosystem.D.Toconductbiologicalresearch.22.WhatistheloweragelimitforjoiningtheHabitatRestorationTeam?A.5.

B.10. C.15. D.18.23.Whatarethevolunteersexpectedtodo?A.Bringtheirowntools.B.Workeveninbadweather.C.Wearateamuniform.D.Doatleastthreeprojects.?語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。作者介紹了一個生物棲息地修復(fù)工作隊的工作內(nèi)容和招募志愿者的相關(guān)信息和要求。?語篇圖解21.根據(jù)第一段的“HelprestoreandprotectMarin’snaturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlandstoBolinasRidge.”可知,HABITATRESTORATIONTEAM的目的是幫助恢復(fù)和保護馬林的一些自然區(qū),也就是保護當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選

項。

22.根據(jù)AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRING下面列出的“Volunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.”和“Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.”可知,最低年齡限制為10歲。故選

項。

23.根據(jù)AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRING下面列出的第三條“We’llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.”可知,不管下雨天還是晴天,志愿者都要工作。故選

項。

CBB?思路點撥課堂應(yīng)用A(2024浙江1月卷,A)Tom

Sawyer

Play

Is

an

AdventureA35-minutehand-clapping,foot-stompingmusicalversionofaMarkTwainfavoritereturnswiththisTallStacksfestival.“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff,includingthefencepainting,thegraveyard,theislandandthecave.ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals,alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.ThisyearNathanTurnerofBurlingtonisTomSawyer,andRobbieMcMathofFortMitchellisHuckFinn.Turner,a10th-graderatSchoolforCreativeandPerformingArts,isafamiliarpresenceonCincinnati’sstages.HeisastaractorofChildren’sTheatre,havingplayedleadingrolesin“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”and“TheWizardofOz”,andisfreshfromJerseyProduction“Ragtime”.McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof“TomSawyer”whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.ThissummerheattendedKentucky’sGovernor’sSchoolfortheArtsinMusicalTheatre.Notetoteachers:Children’sTheatrehasastudyguidedemonstratinghowmathandsciencecanbetaughtthrough“TomSawyer”.Fordownloadablelessons,visittheofficialwebsiteofChildren’sTheatre.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹由馬克·吐溫的作品所改編的音樂劇《湯姆·索亞:河上歷險記》。1.Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer:ARiverAdventure”?A.DavidKisor.

B.JoeMcDonough.C.NathanTurner. D.RobbieMcMath.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough,withmusicbyDavidKisor.”可知,本劇是由大衛(wèi)·基索作曲的。2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetwoactors?A.Theystudyinthesameschool.B.Theyworkedtogetherin“Ragtime”.C.Theyareexperiencedonstage.D.Theybecamefriendstenyearsago.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知,Turner經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在辛辛那提的舞臺上,是兒童劇院的明星演員,曾在《斷頭谷的傳說》和《綠野仙蹤》中擔(dān)任主角;根據(jù)第五段中的“McMathisajunioratBeechwoodHighSchool.Hewasinthecastof‘TomSawyer’whenitwasfirstperformedandisaChildren’sTheatreregular,withfiveshowstohiscredit.”可知,McMath也是兒童劇院的老演員;綜合以上信息可知,這兩位演員在舞臺上經(jīng)驗豐富。3.WhatdoesChildren’sTheatreprovideforteachers?A.Researchfunding.B.Trainingopportunities.C.Technicalsupport.D.Educationalresources.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可知,兒童劇院為教師提供了一份學(xué)習(xí)指南,展示如何通過《湯姆·索亞》教授數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué),可通過兒童劇院的網(wǎng)站下載課程;由此可知,兒童劇院為教師提供了教育資源。B(2024新課標Ⅱ卷,A)Choice

of

Walks

for

Beginner

and

Experienced

WalkersTheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalisagreatopportunityforthebeginner,experiencedoradvancedwalkertoenjoythechallengesofCarlow’smountainhikesorthepeaceofitswoodlandwalks.Walk

1-The

Natural

WorldWithenvironmentalistéannaLamhnaastheguide,thiswalkpromisestobeaninformativetour.WalkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthehabitatsandnaturalworldoftheBlackstairs.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at9:00StartPoint:ScratoesBridgeWalkDuration:6hoursWalk

2-Introduction

to

HillwalkingEmmanuelChappard,anexperiencedguide,hasapassionformakingthegreatoutdoorsaccessibletoall.Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalkingtoensureyougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at9:00StartPoint:DeerparkCarParkWalkDuration:5hoursWalk

3-Moonlight

Under

the

StarsWalkingatnight-timeisagreatwaytostepoutofyourcomfortzone.BreathtakingviewsofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocalwalkingclubs.Atorch(手電筒)alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at18:30StartPoint:TheTownHallWalkDuration:3hoursWalk

4-Photographic

Walk

in

Kilbrannish

ForestThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesofphotographyinthewild.Bringalongyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalongthiswell-surfacedforestpath.DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at11:45StartPoint:KilbrannishForestRecreationAreaWalkDuration:1.5hours【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。卡洛秋季徒步節(jié)提供不同難度的徒步活動,適合初學(xué)者和有經(jīng)驗的徒步者,包括自然探索、山地技能學(xué)習(xí)、夜間徒步和森林攝影。4.Whichwalktakestheshortesttime?A.TheNaturalWorld.B.IntroductiontoHillwalking.C.MoonlightUndertheStars.D.PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Walk1-The

Natural

World”中的“WalkDuration:6hours”;“Walk2-Introduction

to

Hillwalking”中的“WalkDuration:5hours”;“Walk3-Moonlight

Under

the

Stars”中的“WalkDuration:3hours”以及“Walk4-Photographic

Walk

in

Kilbrannish

Forest”中的“WalkDuration:1.5hours”可知,PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest用時最短。5.WhatareparticipantsinWalk3requiredtodo?A.Wearproperclothes.B.Joinawalkingclub.C.Getspecialpermits.D.Bringasurvivalguide.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Walk3-Moonlight

Under

the

Stars”中的“Atorchalongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.”可知,Walk3的參與者需要穿著合適的衣服并攜帶手電筒。6.Whatdothefourwalkshaveincommon?A.Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing.B.Theyareforexperiencedwalkers.C.Theysharethesamestartpoint.D.Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知,Walk1和Walk3在周六進行,而Walk2和Walk4在周日進行。因此文中徒步活動的共同點是都被安排在周末。文體2記敘文02記敘文是以寫人、記事、狀物為主要內(nèi)容,以記敘和描寫為主要表達方式的文章。一篇記敘文,無論長短都應(yīng)該是一個完全獨立的事實,描寫人物、地點、事件和發(fā)生過程,表達作者的某種情感。

(2023新課標Ⅱ卷,B)Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher.B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork.D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching.

B.Predictable.C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardensB.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLoversD.ChangingLocalLandscape?語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了AbbyJaramillo發(fā)起了一個名叫“UrbanSprouts”的學(xué)校園藝項目的目的和對學(xué)生產(chǎn)生的積極影響。?語篇圖解24.根據(jù)第一段中的“Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.”可知,AbbyJaramillo是UrbanSprouts的發(fā)起者。故選

項。

25.根據(jù)第二段中的“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.”可知,項目之初,一些學(xué)生不喜歡園藝工作。故

項正確。

26.根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,這個項目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營養(yǎng)的食物,而且許多學(xué)生回家開創(chuàng)了自己的菜園,對有情緒控制問題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用,從而推知,該項目的影響是深遠的。故

項正確。

27.通讀全文可知,文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力、環(huán)保意識以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項目,對學(xué)生影響深遠。故

項正確。

DCAC?思路點撥課堂應(yīng)用A(2024浙江1月卷,B)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthattherearenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnedintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“l(fā)ibrary”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheesylovestories.ThenInoticedfolkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.ThisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadly,nolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。隨著手機的普及,電話亭漸漸地被人們遺忘,作者家附近的最后一個電話亭被改造成了“迷你圖書館”,作者偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)那里有很多不錯的免費書籍,這讓作者覺得很棒。1.Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay.

B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.答案B解析詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...inmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.”及“...Ispreadsomethrows...‘youngprofessional.’”可知,此處是指使“我”的合租房看起來更“年輕專業(yè)”一點,所以it代指“合租房”。2.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A.Toplaceanurgentcall.B.Toputupanotice.C.Toshelterfromtherain.D.Toholdanaudition.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.”可知,作者在2006年使用電話亭是為了撥打緊急電話。3.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“minicommunitylibrary”?A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree.B.Anyonecancontributetoitscollection.C.Itispopularamongyoungreaders.D.Booksmustbereturnedwithinamonth.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnedintoa‘minicommunitylibrary’:anypasser-bycan‘borrow’abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.”可知,任何人都可以為“迷你社區(qū)圖書館”捐贈圖書。4.Whydidtheauthorstarttousethe“l(fā)ibrary”?A.Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories.B.Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour.C.Hefoundtherewereexcellentfreebooks.D.Hethoughtitwasanidealplaceforreading.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“ThisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!”可知,作者發(fā)現(xiàn)“迷你圖書館”里有很多免費的很棒的書,所以開始使用。B(2024新課標Ⅱ卷,B)Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”It’sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincetheprogramwaslaunchedlastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders.“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,”Trostsays.“Andasofrightnow,we’vereceivedabout120submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.”Ridershipontransit(交通)systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshortstoriessavetransit?Trostthinksso.“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,”shesays.Andyou’llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。舊金山灣區(qū)BART通過小亭提供不同閱讀時長的短故事,以提升乘客體驗,從而吸引更多乘客。5.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?A.Topromotethelocalculture.B.Todiscouragephoneuse.C.Tomeetpassengers’needs.D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的提問“Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?”和第三段中AliciaTrost的描述可知,BART的小亭提供不同時長的短故事和詩歌,旨在滿足乘客的閱讀需求。6.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?A.Bypopularity.

B.Bylength.C.Bytheme. D.Bylanguage.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“ittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory”可知,乘客可以在小亭選擇一分鐘、三分鐘或五分鐘閱讀時長的故事,由此表明故事是按照時長來分類的。7.WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?A.Organizingastorycontest.B.Doingasurveyofcustomers.C.Choosingaprintpublisher.D.Conductinginterviewswithartists.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest”和“we’vereceivedabout120submissions”可知,最近Trost一直在組織征文競賽。8.WhatisTrost’sopinionaboutBART’sfuture?A.Itwillclosedown.B.Itsprofitswilldecline.C.Itwillexpandnationwide.D.Itsridershipwillincrease.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories”可推知,她堅信通過提供短故事可以改善乘客體驗,從而吸引更多的乘客。文體3說明文03說明文通常是通過舉例子、作比較、分類別、析結(jié)果、列數(shù)字和作引用等手段,具體描述一項研究或者介紹一項新產(chǎn)品、新技術(shù)的文章,旨在讓讀者了解信息。

考查要點方法技巧1.背景介紹或發(fā)明目的新發(fā)明的背景(含目的)多位于首段或前兩段。答案信息一般來自本部分“inorderto,themarketisgrowingfor,todo,todiscover,totestout,tofindout,tosolvetheproblemof,sothat”等字眼后面的陳述,一般是對這些信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。2.新發(fā)明介紹(新發(fā)明參數(shù)、性能、工作原理或特殊之處)新發(fā)明的介紹多位于中間段,考查與其工作原理、產(chǎn)品性能等相關(guān)的長難句。正確選項是對信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,而干擾項多是含有文中某些原詞,但是替換了關(guān)鍵信息,或張冠李戴或擴大縮小范圍。此類題目需要學(xué)生謹慎、認真、有耐性,同時有分析長難句的能力。(一)新發(fā)明/新產(chǎn)品類考查要點方法技巧3.專家或科研人員評論(新發(fā)明的前景希望或?qū)嵺`意義)專家或團隊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的評價多位于結(jié)尾段。答案信息多來自“researchershope,expect,wish,inthefuture,apply,use”這些詞之后的陳述。正確選項也多是這些陳述的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。4.標題或文章出處文后第四題還經(jīng)?？疾槲恼碌臉祟}選擇、文章出處或者是問題解決所反映的道理。這類題目的正確選項會高度概括文章的中心,或根據(jù)文章的中心判斷其出處。干擾項通常含有文中的個別原詞,但是會替換關(guān)鍵詞,混淆學(xué)生視線;或擴大縮小指代范圍;或只是提及文章某個方面,以偏概全。[典例](2022全國乙卷,C)Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(提出問題:無人機可以應(yīng)用到鐵路領(lǐng)域嗎?)Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.(給出答案28:無人機已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。它們完全可以被用來做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面)Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.(給出答案29:無人機的協(xié)助可以避免鐵路維修過程中的危險)Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(給出答案30:通過最新技術(shù),無人機可以提前預(yù)警鐵路危險狀況,工程師們正在研究一個新概念:未來的鐵路無人機)28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways?語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù),無人機能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時,幫助鐵路運營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元,無人機將改變鐵路的未來。?語篇圖解28.考查新產(chǎn)品性能。根據(jù)第二段中“Dronesarealreadybeingused...tracksandswitchingpoints.”可知,無人機現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)用來檢測高壓電力線路,它們可以被用來做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路以及鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面。故選

項。

29.考查新產(chǎn)品性能。根據(jù)下文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropean...therailinfrastructure.”可知,maintenance指的是下文中的“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure”。故

項正確。

AC?思路點撥30.考查新產(chǎn)品前景希望。根據(jù)最后一段中“Engineersarenowworkingon...wouldbeabletoreactintime.”可知,鐵路無人機有望提前發(fā)出警報,使高速列車可以及時采取措施應(yīng)對危險因素,避免事故發(fā)生。故

項正確。

31.考查標題歸納。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Canasmallgroupof...savebillionsofeuroseachyear?”和下文對無人機在鐵路領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用的介紹以及對未來無人機的發(fā)展展望可知,在未來,無人機將會保證鐵路的安全性和可靠性,或許會成為鐵路安全的新未來。故

項適合作為本文的標題。

AD考查要點方法技巧1.研究背景2.研究內(nèi)容、方法、結(jié)果3.研究意義、展望、升華主題1.研究背景多出現(xiàn)在第一段,引入話題。題型多為細節(jié)理解題,答案往往是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。2.研究內(nèi)容、方法和結(jié)果是說明的主體,介紹過程中經(jīng)常運用數(shù)字、舉例等說明方法。3.研究的意義和展望經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在文章最后,是文章的點睛所在。(二)研究報告類[典例](2023新課標Ⅱ卷,D)Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.(城市中很難接觸到自然環(huán)境)Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.(城市中的原生態(tài)自然環(huán)境極為重要)Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.(研究的方法)Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.(研究的結(jié)果)Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.(研究的意義)Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”(突出保護自然生態(tài)的重要性)saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.32.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular.B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.33.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.34.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.35.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy.B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation.D.Interculturalcommunication.?語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。作者通過對一項新的研究結(jié)果及其過程的描述,向讀者介紹了與大自然互動對人類健康的重要性,同時也指出要保護大自然。?語篇圖解32.考查研究背景。根據(jù)第一段中的“accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind”以及“it’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild”可知,在城市里很難接觸大自然。故

項正確。

33.考查研究方法。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategories...begantoemerge.”可知,研究人員這樣做是為了從訪客的總結(jié)材料中找出類別規(guī)律。故

項正確。

BD?思路點撥34.考查研究的意義。根據(jù)第五段所舉的例子“theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfying...afountainontheirlunchbreak”可知,年輕的職業(yè)人士周末可以在公園徒步旅行,在工作日可以沿著噴泉散步,用不同的形式去體驗自然,即同樣的與自然的互動體驗會有不同的表現(xiàn)形式。故

項正確。

35.考查主題的升華。根據(jù)最后一段Kahn的話“Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit”可知,人們在與大自然互動以前需要保護自然,故

項正確。

CB課堂應(yīng)用A(2024浙江1月卷,D)TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Each