Unit1grammar數(shù)詞講解及練習(xí)譯林版（2024）七年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)

譯林版（2024）七年級(jí)下冊(cè)U1grammar數(shù)詞講解及練習(xí)知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖數(shù)詞的主要功能基數(shù)詞與其序數(shù)詞分?jǐn)?shù)【數(shù)詞】分?jǐn)?shù)、倍數(shù)與次數(shù)倍數(shù)基數(shù)詞的常見考點(diǎn)次數(shù)序數(shù)詞的常見考點(diǎn)知識(shí)1數(shù)詞概述一、數(shù)詞的主要功能數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞（在課本單詞表中標(biāo)記為num.）和序數(shù)詞兩種?；鶖?shù)詞用于計(jì)數(shù)，序數(shù)詞用于表示位置或順序。從語法特征上看,基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞均可以放于名詞前作限定詞（如twoboys和thefirsttime）,單獨(dú)使用時(shí)則類似于代詞的用法（如“I’lltakethree,please.”和“Hewasthefirsttoarrive.”）;序數(shù)詞有時(shí)也可作副詞,用于修飾動(dòng)詞或銜接句子（如“Whocamefirstintherace?”和“First,Ihadtodecidewhattowear.“）。二、基數(shù)詞與其序數(shù)詞1.數(shù)字0（零）的表達(dá)方式:zero、nought、nil或字母0（說號(hào)碼等時(shí)表示）Amillioniswrittenasaonefollowedbysixzeros（zeroes/noughts）.一百萬寫作一后面跟著六個(gè)零。noughtpointsevenfive（英式口語）0.75ManUnitedwonthegamethreenil.（英式英語）曼聯(lián)三比零贏了比賽。Mynumberissixodoublethree.我的號(hào)碼是6033。2.100以內(nèi)的基數(shù)詞與其序數(shù)詞數(shù)基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞數(shù)基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞1onefirst11eleveneleventh21twentyonetwentyfirst2twosecond12twelvetwelfth20twenty在基數(shù)詞的基礎(chǔ)上,將y變i加eth(如twentieth)22twentytwotwentysecond3threethird13thirteen在基數(shù)詞的基礎(chǔ)上,在teen后加th(如fifteenth)30thirty33thirtythreethirtythird4fourfourth14fourteen40forty44fortyfourfortyfourth5fivefifth15fifteen50fifty55fiftyfivefiftyfifth6sixsixth16sixteen60sixty66sixtysixsixtysixth7sevenseventh17seventeen70seventy77seventysevenseventyseventh8eighteighth18eighteen80eighty88eightyeighteightyeighth9nineninth19nineteen90ninetyninetynineninetyninth10tententh100onehundredonehundredth基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣：123單獨(dú)記，結(jié)尾tdd,th四加起，8去t,，9去e，5和12好兄弟，ve要用f替，整十把y變?yōu)閕eth，如果遇到幾十幾，只變個(gè)位就可以。3.100以上的基數(shù)詞與其序數(shù)詞數(shù)基數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞(只變化最后一位非零數(shù)字)101onehundredandoneonehundredandfirst123onehundredandtwentythree…andtwentythird1,000onethousandonethousandth12,345twelvethousand,threehundredandfortyfive…andfortyfifth100,000onehundredthousandonehundredthousandth1,000,000onemilliononemillionth12,345,678twelvemillion,threehundredandfortyfivethousand,sixhundredandseventyeight…andseventyeighth1,000,000,000onebilliononebillionth12,345,678,910twelvebillion,threehundredandfortyfivemillion,sixhundredandseventyeightthousand,ninehundredandten…andtenth注：三位數(shù)的讀法：基數(shù)詞+and+幾十幾或者基數(shù)詞+and+幾四位及以上數(shù)字的讀法：從右向左三逗開，一“,”千(thousand)，二“,”百萬(million)，三“,”十億(billion)三、基數(shù)詞的常見用法1.表示概數(shù)hundreds/thousands/millionsof數(shù)百/千/百萬2.表示時(shí)刻、年月、世紀(jì)等fiveten/tenpastfive五點(diǎn)十分 nineteenninetyeight1998年June20242024年6月 twentycentury20世紀(jì)3.表示年齡、時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度等Theyhaveaneightmontholdbaby.他們有個(gè)八個(gè)月大的孩子。（此類復(fù)合形容詞只作定語）Thisbuildingis100metrestall.這棟樓一百米高。（此類詞組常作表語）4.表示時(shí)間段和年齡段thenineteenforties（1940s/1940’s）20世紀(jì)40年代inone'sfifties在某人五十多歲時(shí)5.表示編號(hào)Class8,Grade9九年級(jí)八班Room802802室No.1MiddleSchool第一中學(xué)四、序數(shù)詞的常見用法1.序數(shù)詞通常前面要加定冠詞the，除非前面已有形容詞性物主代詞Thesixthgirlontheleftismycousin.左邊第六個(gè)女孩是我的表妹。Istillremembermyfirstdayofschool.我仍然記得我上學(xué)的第一天。2.“不定冠詞+序數(shù)詞”表示“又一，再一”TheyhaveasecondhomeinItaly.他們?cè)谝獯罄€有一個(gè)家。3.年、月、日中“日”的表達(dá)方法onMay13th,20134.“the/形容詞性物主代詞+序數(shù)詞（+n.）+todosth.“表示”第幾個(gè)做某事（的人/事物）Heisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool.他總是第一個(gè)到學(xué)校。知識(shí)2分?jǐn)?shù)、倍數(shù)與次數(shù)一、分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)(口訣：子基母序，分子大于1，分母加s)分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá):分子是基數(shù)詞或a,分母是序數(shù)詞或half/quarter。如果分子大于1,序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。1/2a/onehalf1/3a/onethird(或onethird)1/4a/onequarter(或a/onefourth)3/4threequarters/threefourths二、倍數(shù)詞與倍數(shù)表達(dá)1.倍數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成:兩倍是twice,其他均由"數(shù)詞+times"組成,如threetimes。（不存在"一倍"的說法,"多一倍"即是兩倍）2.常見的倍數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)（1）倍數(shù)詞+as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as;（2）倍數(shù)詞+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)（如greater,longer,faster）+than;（3）倍數(shù)詞+the+width/length/breadth/size/…of表達(dá)"這個(gè)房間是廚房的兩倍。":（1）Theroomistwiceaslargeasthekitchen.（2）Theroomistwicelargerthanthekitchen.（3）Theroomistwicethesizeofthekitchen.三、次數(shù)的表達(dá)次數(shù)的表達(dá):once"一次"、twice"兩次",其他均由"數(shù)詞+times"組成（均作副詞使用）。Icalledyoutwice.我給你打了兩次。數(shù)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇()1.Eachyear,_____fishesarekilledbythepollutedwaterandmanypeoplearemadesickbythepollutedair.Soweshoulddosomethingtostopit!A.millionofB.millionsofC.twomillionsD.twomillionsof()2.MyfatherjoinedthePartyin_____whenhewasin_____.A.1950's;twenties B.the1950's;histwentiesC.the1950's;thetwenties D.1950's;thetwenties()3.______oftheteachersintheschoolis300,_____ofthemarewomenteachers.A.Thenumber;firstfourth B.Thenumber;onefourthC.Anumber;onesecond D.Anumber;threequarters()4.Inthepasttwoyears,manytallbuildingshavebeenbuiltinourcity.Thetallestisan_____thatstandsinthecenter.A.80floorbuilding B.60floorbuildingC.80floorbuildings D.70floorsbuilding()5.______ofthelandinthatdistrict_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifths;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifth;isD.Twofifths;are()6._____ofthestudentsinourclass_____moneyforthedisabledpeoplenow.A.Twothird;areraising B.Twothirds;israisingC.Twothree;areraising D.Twothirds;areraising()7.Howwasyourweekend?Great!Itwasmygrandfather’s_____birthday.Weenjoyedourselves.A.seventy B.seventieth C.theseventieth D.seventeenth()8.Now,everyone,pleaseturntoPage_____andlookatthe______picture.A.Twelve;fifth B.Twelfth;fifth C.Twelve;five D.Twelfth;five()9.______volunteerswillgiveoutleafletstoaskpeopletoprotectthewetlands.A.Twohundreds B.Hundredsof C.Twohundredof D.Hundredof()10.Thevolunteerssent_____bookstoamountainvillageschoolonChildren’sDay.A.twohundredsofB.twohundredof C.twohundreds D.twohundred()11.Tony'smumlooksyoungandbeautiful.It’shardtoimaginesheisalreadyinher_____.A.fifties B.fifty C.fiftieths D.fiftieth()12.Mum,_______ofmyclassmates______glasses.Oh,myGod.Youneedtoprotectyoureyeswell.A.threefourths;wears B.threefourth;wearC.threefourth;wears D.threefourths;wear()13.–Excuseme,howdoesthisnumber20,135read? –Itreads.A.twentythousandsonehundredandthirtyfiveB.twentythousandonehundredthirtyfiveC.twentythousandonehundredandthirtyfiveD.twentythousandsonehundredthirtyfive()14.Theboycandanceandsingwell.A.fouryearsold B.fouryears’old C.fouryearold D.fouryearsold()15.–Whataretheydiscussing?Themeetinghaslastedfor.–Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.twohourandhalf B.twoandahalfhours C.twoandhalfanhour D.twoandahalfhour()16.Ihavefailedthreetimes,butI’lltrytime.A.other B.theother C.thefourth D.afourth()17.–Whatisonefourthandahalf,doyouknow?–Yes,it’s.A.twosixths B.onethree C.threesixths D.threefourths()18.Shelivesintheroom.A.twelvefeetwideandfifteenfeetlong B.twelvefootwideandfifteenfootlongC.twelvefootwideandfifteenfootlong D.twelvefootswideandfifteenfootslong()19.Heisaboy.Thatistosay,heis.A.fiveyearold,fiveyearold B.fiveyearold,fiveyearsoldC.fiveyearsold,fiveyearsold D.fiveyearsold,fiveyearold()20.It’ssaidthat_______ofthewateraroundtheworld_______polluted.(2013黃石)twothird;has B.twothirds;haveC.twothird;are D.twothirds;is二、詞匯運(yùn)用1.Thisisthe______（第三）timethatIhavebeeninNanjing.2.Hewasborninthe______（ninety）ofthenineteenthcentury.3.Inthe______（nine）centuryinChinawehadpapermoneyforthefirsttime.4.Inhis_____（eighty）,I.M.PeidesignedSuzhouMuseumforhishometown.5.Recently,thereareabout12______（千）pethospitalsinChina,andmanypeoplechoosesmallanimaltreatmentasacareer.6.Thesurvey,carriedoutintheschool,showsthree______（five）oftheteacherswearglasses.7.ToniMorrisonisconsideredasoneofthebestwritersofthe______（二十）century.8.AdocumentaryaboutYanchengwetlandswasshownatthe______（eight）NiceInternationalFilmFestival.9.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,thereare______（四十）twinsamongallthenewbornbabiesinthathospital.10.Heseemstohavea_______（第六）senseforknowingthathisbrotherwillwin.三、完成句子1李平昨晚花了半個(gè)小時(shí)做功課。_________________LiPing_______________________tofinishhishomeworklastnight.他在第35中學(xué)就讀。Hestudiesat__________________________________.他有好幾百本書，但大多束之高閣。Hehas________________booksbutmostofthemarehungbythewall.六歲的孩子就能上學(xué)。Achildcangotoschool_________________________________________.據(jù)說這是大本鐘第四次停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了。Itissaidthatthisis_______________timetheBigBenhasstoppedrunning.國(guó)慶節(jié)這天，成千上萬的人去天安門廣場(chǎng)觀看升國(guó)旗儀式。OnNationalDay,________________peoplegotoTian’anmenSquareandwatchthenationalflaggoup.他家的日常開支占總收入的30%。Theyeverydayexpensemakesup_______________ofthetotalineofhisfamily.我相信他一定會(huì)贏得百米賽跑。I’msurehecanwinthe__________race.在足球比賽中，九個(gè)隊(duì)員是不夠的