Chapter Six Letter of Credit 信用證 國(guó)際結(jié)算 教學(xué)課件.ppt

1、Letter of Credit信用證,Chapter Six,a letter of credit,In simple terms,a letter of credit is a conditional bank undertaking of payment.,Guaranteed by banks creditworthiness 以銀行信譽(yù)擔(dān)保,受益人在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)提交規(guī)定的單據(jù)必須符合信用證條款。,申請(qǐng)人 進(jìn)口商,開 證 行,議付行 通知行,受益人 出口商,貨物,資金,申請(qǐng),開證,通知,交單,議付,寄單,償付,通知贖單,付款贖單,審單,審證,信用證與一般的擔(dān)保業(yè)務(wù)是否相同？,6.1.2

2、 Characteristics 特點(diǎn),1)當(dāng)單證相符時(shí)，獨(dú)立履行付款承諾，不受當(dāng)事人干擾,第一性的付款責(zé)任,1. The issuing bank undertakes to effect payment, quite independent of whether the applicant is bankrupt or is in default or not, provided the documents presented are in compliance with the terms and conditions of the credit.,1. The issuing bank

3、 assume the primarily liability of payments.,drawee： bank,Issuing bank,Nominated bank,Can the applicant Be the drawee?,A credit should not be issued available by Draft(s) on the Applicant. If the Credit nevertheless calls for Draft(s) on the Applicant, banks will consider such Draft(s) as an additio

4、nal document(s).,開立信用證時(shí)，不應(yīng)以申請(qǐng)人作為匯票付款人。如信用證仍規(guī)定匯票付款人為申請(qǐng)人，銀行將視此匯票為附加的單據(jù)。,2）信用證是獨(dú)立文件，與銷售合同分離2.A letter of credit stands independent of the sales contract.,sales contractapplication form credit,.Sales contract=Credit（？）,The relationship among Contract, application form and credit.,An issuing bank states

5、“the documents are not complied with the sale contract”, can this be a due course to dishonor the bill by the issuing bank?,importer,exporter,importer,issuing bank,issuing bank,all parties to credit,3）銀行處理的是單據(jù)，而不是貨物，單據(jù)與貨物分離。,3.In Credit operations all parties deal with documents, and not with goods,

6、 services or other performances to which the documents may relate.,4.Banks assumes no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect of any documents , or for the general and/or particular conditions stipulated in the document(s) or superi

7、mposed thereon; nor do they assume any liability or responsibility for the description, quantity, weight, quality, condition, packing, delivery, value or existence of the goods represented by any document(s), or for the good faith or acts and/or omissions, solvency, performance or standing of the co

8、nsignors, the carriers, the forwarders, the consignees or the insurers of the goods, or any other person whomsoever.,銀行對(duì)于任何單據(jù)的形式、完整性、準(zhǔn)確性、真?zhèn)涡曰蚍尚ЯΓ驅(qū)τ趩螕?jù)上規(guī)定的或附加的一般性及/或特殊性條件，概不負(fù)責(zé)；銀行對(duì)于任何單據(jù)中有關(guān)的貨物描述、數(shù)量、重量、質(zhì)量、狀況、包裝、交貨、價(jià)值或存在與否，對(duì)于貨物的發(fā)貨人、承運(yùn)人、運(yùn)輸行、收貨人或保險(xiǎn)人，其它任何人的誠信、行為及/或疏忽、清償能力、執(zhí)行能力或信譽(yù)概不負(fù)責(zé)。,4）憑表面相符的單據(jù)付款 5）對(duì)第三方的行

9、為不負(fù)責(zé)（如票據(jù)是否遺失，貨物是否中途損失）,單據(jù)真假?,6.1 Introduction,6.1.3 Parties involved in a documentary credit 信用證的當(dāng)事人,一、開證申請(qǐng)人(APPLICANT) 二、開證行(ISSUING BANK/OPENING BANK) 三、通知行(ADVISING BANK) 四、受益人(BENEFICIARY) 五、保兌行(CONFIRMING BANK) 六、議付行(NEGOTIATING BANK) 七、付款行(PAYING BANK) 八、承兌行(ACCEPTING BANK) 九、償付行(REIMBERSING B

10、ANK),Main parties 基本當(dāng)事人,指定銀行 Nominated Bank,6.1.3 Parties involved 當(dāng)事人,Applicant/ importer/ the buyer 開證申請(qǐng)人 Fills out and signs an application form, requesting the banks to issue a credit in favor of an exporter or seller aboard.,申請(qǐng)開證：按合同填寫開證申請(qǐng)書，簽名，指定受益人,契約,交納押金和費(fèi)用,問題1 進(jìn)口商是否有權(quán)拒絕贖取不合格單據(jù)？ 問題2 進(jìn)口商在贖單提貨

11、之后，如發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物規(guī)格，質(zhì)量，數(shù)量等與單據(jù)不符，是否有權(quán)向開證行追究責(zé)任和索還貨款？,2.Issuing/ opening bank/ the buyers bank 開證行,1) issues a letter of credit 2)undertakes full responsibility for payment against proper documents presented by the beneficiary.,開證并承擔(dān)付款責(zé)任,問題1 開證行憑單付款后，進(jìn)口商無力付款，此時(shí)，開證行向議付行追索票款，合理么？,不合理！信用證開出后，開證行要對(duì)信用證獨(dú)立責(zé)任。不能因進(jìn)口商拒絕贖

12、單或無力付款而向議付行，付款行，償付行或出口商追索票款。,問題2,開證行履行付款責(zé)任后，如進(jìn)口商無力付款贖單，開證行是否有權(quán)處理單據(jù)和貨物？,3.Advising bank:通知行,1）Receive the L/C 2） Informing the beneficiary to make preparation for shipping the goods and drafting the documents.,收到信用證，證明信用證的真實(shí)性，并負(fù)責(zé)通知受益人做好交單準(zhǔn)備,一般為出口地銀行,是否必定承擔(dān)議付責(zé)任？,4.Beneficiary/ exporter/the seller受益人,I

13、n whose favor the credit is issued L/C benefits the exporter by its assurance of payment to him.,信用證的受益人，信用證對(duì)出口方的好處是付款確定。 受益人是信用證項(xiàng)下履行義務(wù)后有權(quán)得到付款得受益者。,5.Confirming bank: 保兌行,Add its undertaking to those of the issuing bank and assumes liability under the credit. 是第三家銀行應(yīng)開證行得要求在不可撤銷的信用證上加上保兌， 對(duì)所保兌的信用證項(xiàng)下匯

14、票和單據(jù)承擔(dān)不可撤銷的付款責(zé)任。,6.Negotiating bank: 議付行,Purchases the documents under the credit Sent the drafts and documents to the issuing bank for reimbursement.,買單，寄單索償,Recourse?,Beneficiary,Negotiating bank,1.Documents,2.pay the value and get the right of the documentary bill,Negotiating bank is the holder i

15、n due course,payee,endorsee,議付行對(duì)信用證下匯票議付后，即成為該匯票的正當(dāng)持票人。因此，不論開證行因何種原因不付款或倒閉時(shí)，議付行都有權(quán)向受益人追索。,7.Paying bank/drawee bank 付款行,Authorized by the issuing bank to pay the beneficiary according to the terms and conditions of the credit. 開證行在信用證中規(guī)定的匯票付款人,7. Paying bank 付款行,A bank who is authorized by the issui

16、ng bank to pay the beneficiary according to the terms and conditions of the credit.,sight paying bank,Advising Bank,deferred paying bank,This bank is the drawee bank, when issuing bank dishonor the documents, it has no right of recourse to the beneficiary.,8.Accepting bank: 承兌行,The bank accepting th

17、e drafts under the credit. 對(duì)受益人簽發(fā)的遠(yuǎn)期匯票予以承兌，并到期付款的銀行。,8. Accepting bank 承兌行,A usance credit nominates a bank to accept the usance bill, this bank is the accepting bank under the credit.,This bank is the drawee bank, when issuing bank dishonor the documents, it has no right of recourse to the benefici

18、ary.,9. Reimbursing bank償付行,This bank has no obligation to check the documents.,A bank from which the nominated paying bank or any negotiating bank that has made a payment under the credit may obtain reimbursement.,Applicant,Issuing bank,Beneficiary,Confirming bank,Reimbursing bank,Accepting/ Paying

19、 bank,Negotiating bank,Advising bank,6.2.4Types of letter of credit,Revocable L/C 可撤銷的信用證 Documentary L/C confirmed L/C 保兌 unconfirmed L/C 不保兌 跟單信用證 Irrevocable L/C sight payment 即期付款 不可撤銷的信用證 deferred payment 延期付款 L/C acceptance credit 承兌 negotiation credit 議付 Clean L/C 光票信用證,一、跟單信用證 (Documentary L

20、etter of Credit) 跟單信用證是開證行憑跟單匯票 匯票+單據(jù) 或僅憑單據(jù)付款的信用證。 單據(jù) 二、光票信用證 (Clean Letter of Credit) 光票信用證是指開證行僅憑受益人 匯票 開具的匯票而付款的信用證。,According to whether it can be revoked or not,Irrevocable credit（不可撤銷信用證） Revocable credit（可撤銷信用證）,其實(shí)就是按照開證行責(zé)任的大小來分類,Revocable Credit 可撤銷的信用證,1）Definition 定義 A revocable Credit may

21、 be amended or cancelled or revoked by the Issuing Bank without the Beneficiarys consent and even without prior notice to the Beneficiary up to the moment of payment by the bank at which the Issuing Bank has made the documentary credit available.,可撤銷的信用證可以修改,撤回或注銷,無需經(jīng)受益人同意,甚至不必事先通知受益人,直到開證行的授權(quán)指定銀行對(duì)信

22、用證付款或承兌.,可撤銷信用證中，開證行是否因?yàn)榭蓡畏矫娉蜂N和修改信用證，所以其無須承擔(dān)信用證中的任何責(zé)任？,問題： 可撤銷信用證中議付行于月日審單 相符后議付票款給受益人，月日開 證行向議付行發(fā)出撤銷信用證的通知， 此時(shí)開證行還需要向議付行償付票款嗎？,UCP600 Article 8 B,然而，開證行必須： i.對(duì)辦理可撤銷信用證下即期付款、承 兌或議付的另一家銀行，在其收到修改 或撤銷通知之前已憑表面相符的單據(jù)作 出的任何付款、承兌或議付，予以償付。 ii.對(duì)辦理可撤銷信用證項(xiàng)下延期付款的另一家銀行，在其收到修改或撤銷通知之前已接受表面相符的單據(jù)，予以償付。,This credit is

23、 subject to amendment or cancellation at any time without prior notice to the beneficiary.,）Undertaking Clause,此信用證可以隨時(shí)修改或撤銷, 無需事先告知受益人,Irrevocable Credit 不可撤銷的信用證,）Definition: Definite Undertaking of Payment + Irrevocability 確定的付款承諾和不可撤銷性,definite undertaking of payment,An irrevocable documentary L

24、/C constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank, provided that the stipulated documents are presented to the nominated bank or to the issuing bank and that the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with, to pay, accept draft and/or documents presented under the documentary credit

25、 (ICC Publication No.515),構(gòu)成開證行確定付款承諾的前提是： 受益人將規(guī)定的單據(jù)提交給指定銀行或開證行，并符合信用證的條款和條件。,Irrevocability,An Irrevocable Credit can neither be amended nor cancelled without the agreement of the Issuing Bank, the Confirming Bank, if any, and the Beneficiary. （UCP600 Article 9 ）,不可撤銷信用證的本質(zhì),不可撤銷的信用證未經(jīng)開證行,保兌行(如果有保兌行

26、的話)和受益人的明確同意,該證既不能修改,也不能撤銷,這就是不可撤銷信用證的本質(zhì).,According to the adding of confirmation,Irrevocable Confirmed Credit (不可撤銷保兌信用證） Irrevocable Unconfirmed Credit（不可撤銷不保兌信用證）,Confirmed Credit,1)Definition A Credit that carries the commitment to pay by both the issuing bank and the advising bank.,It gives the beneficiary a double assurance of payment. 雙重的付款保證,是不是每張信用證都需要保兌? P117,It cons