CDM項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)TheCDMprojectdesig

1、2020/7/22,Slide 1,CDM項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)The CDM project design,中國(guó)CDM能力建設(shè)項(xiàng)目培訓(xùn)講義Training Material Building Capacity for the CDM in China,2020/7/22,Slide 2,CDM項(xiàng)目流程： The CDM Project Cycle,設(shè)計(jì),審定/注冊(cè),監(jiān)測(cè),核查/認(rèn)證,簽發(fā)CERs,PP： 項(xiàng)目參與方 DOE：指定經(jīng)營(yíng)實(shí)體 EB： 執(zhí)行理事會(huì) CER： 經(jīng)核證的減排,2020/7/22,Slide 3,項(xiàng)目參與者：Project participants,項(xiàng)目參與者或是指一參與CDM項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)

2、的締約方，或指經(jīng)某締約方批準(zhǔn)在該締約方負(fù)責(zé)之下參與CDM項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的私營(yíng)和/或公共實(shí)體。 In accordance with the use of the term project participant in the CDM modalities and procedures, a project participant is either a Party involved or, in accordance with paragraph 33 of the CDM modalities and procedures, a private and/or public entity autho

3、rized by a Party to participate, under the Partys responsibility, in CDM project activities. 項(xiàng)目參與者是指就如何分配所考慮的項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的CERs 作出決定的締約方或私營(yíng)和/或公共實(shí)體。 Project participants are Parties or private and/or public entities that take decisions on the allocation of CERs from the project activity under consideration.

4、,2020/7/22,Slide 4,項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)文件：第二版, 2004年7月1日：Project Design Document：version 02, July 1, 2004,項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的一般性說(shuō)明 基準(zhǔn)方法學(xué) 項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的起始與期限/減排額計(jì)入期 監(jiān)測(cè)方法學(xué)和計(jì)劃 溫室氣體排放計(jì)算 環(huán)境影響 利害相關(guān)方的評(píng)價(jià) 附 件 附件1：項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)參與方的信息 附件2：政府官方提供資金的信息 附件3：新基準(zhǔn)線(xiàn)方法學(xué) 附件4：新監(jiān)測(cè)方法學(xué) 附件5：表格：基準(zhǔn)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù),General description of project activity Baseline methodology Starting da

5、te and duration of the project activity/Crediting period Monitoring methodology and plan Calculations of GHG emissions Environmental impacts Stakeholder Comments Annexes Annex 1: Information on participants in the project activity Annex 2: Information regarding public funding Annex 3: New baseline m

6、ethodology Annex 4: New monitoring methodology Annex 5: Table: Baseline data,2020/7/22,Slide 5,基本原則：General principles,完整性：Completeness 精確性：Accuracy 可比性：Comparability 透明性：Transparency,2020/7/22,Slide 6,完整性：Completeness,渦輪機(jī)、加熱過(guò)程、鍋爐等 Turbines, process heaters, boilers etc. 燃燒 Flaring 溢散排放 Fugitive emi

7、ssions 焚化 Incinerators 化學(xué)反應(yīng)的揮發(fā) Chemical process vents 運(yùn)輸 Transport 能源輸入/輸出 Imported/exported energy,充分考慮并報(bào)告在確定范圍內(nèi)所有溫室氣體排放的源及活動(dòng)，并對(duì)任何排除在外的情況予以說(shuō)明。 Account for and report on all GHG emission sources and activities within the chosen project boundary. Disclose and justify any specific exclusions.,2020/7/2

8、2,Slide 7,精確性：Accuracy,精確性問(wèn)題可分為：Accuracy can be classified into: 誤差 Errors: 計(jì)算誤差 （不正確的因子、假設(shè)） Calculation errors (inappropriate factors, assumptions etc) 在確定基準(zhǔn)或排放時(shí)缺乏透明性：Lack of clarity within the methods for determining GHG emissions or baselines 數(shù)據(jù)管理的弱點(diǎn)（如人工轉(zhuǎn)記誤差）：Data management weaknesses e.g. manua

9、l transposition errors 不確定性 Uncertainties: 技術(shù)限制： Technological limitations 缺少數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：Lack of source data,所有通過(guò)計(jì)量、計(jì)算、估算的溫室氣體在紀(jì)錄、運(yùn)算、匯總和報(bào)告的過(guò)程中力求正確。 Accuracy means that (e.g.) the GHG data is recorded (through measurement, calculation, estimation), processed, reported and aggregated accurately.,2020/7/22,Sl

10、ide 8,透明性：Transparency,所有的假設(shè)應(yīng)清楚地說(shuō)明 All assumptions are clearly stated 所有背景資料引用應(yīng)清楚 All background material is clearly referenced 使用方法及選擇原理應(yīng)予解釋 The rationale for selection and use of methodologies, as well as the use of such are clearly explained 對(duì)討論的問(wèn)題應(yīng)有一個(gè)清楚地結(jié)論 There is a clear conclusion or decision

11、 from all presented discussions 所有使用的公式應(yīng)予規(guī)定 All formulas used for calculations are stated 所有的計(jì)算應(yīng)是具體的 All calculations are incorporated or referenced 保密信息應(yīng)清楚識(shí)別 Confidential information is clearly identified,2020/7/22,Slide 9,良好的項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐：Good Practice for project design,確定職責(zé) Define Responsi-bilities,識(shí)別排

12、放源Identify GHG Emission Sources （基準(zhǔn)與項(xiàng)目） (Baseline and project),確定計(jì)算方法Determine GHG Calculation Methods （基準(zhǔn)與項(xiàng)目） (Baseline and project),計(jì)算排放量 Calculate Emissions,匯總/總排放整理Collation/ Aggregation of Total Emissions,保持文件體系 Maintain Supporting Documen- tation,匯整PDD或監(jiān)測(cè)報(bào)告 Finalise PDD or monitoring Reports,評(píng)

13、審并改進(jìn)報(bào)告Review and improve the report,2020/7/22,Slide 10,PDD A項(xiàng)：項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的一般性說(shuō)明PDD SECTION A: General description of project activity,A.1 項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)名稱(chēng)：Title of the project activity: A.2. 項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)描述：Description of the project activity: A.3. 項(xiàng)目參與方： Project participants: A.4. 項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的技術(shù)說(shuō)明：Technical description of the proj

14、ect activity: A.4.1.項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的地點(diǎn)：Location of the project activity: A.4.2.項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)類(lèi)別： Category(ies) of project activity: A.4.3.項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)將采用的技術(shù)：Technology to be employed by the project activity: A.4.4.簡(jiǎn)要解釋擬議的清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)將如何減少人為溫室氣體源的人為排放量（包括說(shuō)明為什么當(dāng)沒(méi)有擬議的項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)時(shí)就不會(huì)發(fā)生相應(yīng)的減排量，要考慮到國(guó)家和/或部門(mén)政策和實(shí)情）： Brief explanation of how the a

15、nthropogenic emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHGs) by sources are to be reduced by the proposed CDM project activity, including why the emission reductions would not occur in the absence of the proposed project activity, taking into account national and/or sectoral policies and circumstan

16、ces: A.4.5.項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的政府官方融資：Public funding of the project activity:,2020/7/22,Slide 11,PDD B項(xiàng)：適用的基準(zhǔn)線(xiàn)方法PDD SECTION B: Application of a baseline methodology,B.1. 應(yīng)用于該項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的方法學(xué)名稱(chēng)和參考文獻(xiàn)： Title and reference of the approved baseline methodology applied to the project activity: B.1.1.選擇該方法學(xué)的理由和為什么它可適用于該項(xiàng)目活動(dòng) Just

17、ification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: B.2. 說(shuō)明該方法學(xué)如何應(yīng)用于該項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)： Description of how the methodology is applied in the context of the project activity: B.3. 說(shuō)明各種溫室氣體源的人為排放量如何減少到低于沒(méi)有該已登記的CDM項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)時(shí)所出現(xiàn)的排放水平 Description of how the anthropogenic emissions

18、of GHG by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity: B.4. 說(shuō)明與選用的基準(zhǔn)線(xiàn)方法學(xué)相關(guān)的項(xiàng)目邊界定義如何應(yīng)用于該項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)： Description of how the definition of the project boundary related to the baseline methodology selected is applied to the project activity: B

19、.5. 基準(zhǔn)線(xiàn)確定的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明， 包括基準(zhǔn)線(xiàn)研究完成日期與人員/機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng) Details of baseline information, including the date of completion of the baseline study and the name of person (s)/entity (ies) determining the baseline:,2020/7/22,Slide 12,PDD C項(xiàng)：項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)期限/減排額計(jì)入期 PDD SECTION C: Duration of the project activity / Crediting period,C.1

20、 項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)期限： Duration of the project activity: C.2 排額計(jì)入期的選擇和相關(guān)信息 Choice of the crediting period and related information: C.2.1. 可更新的計(jì)入期(最長(zhǎng)每一期七(7)年) Renewable crediting period C.2.2. 固定的計(jì)入期(最長(zhǎng)十(10)年) Fixed crediting period:,綠色領(lǐng)域的項(xiàng)目一般會(huì)選擇7年、更新2期的計(jì)入期，棕色領(lǐng)域的項(xiàng)目一般會(huì)選擇10年固定計(jì)入期 Experience: “Greenfield” projects of

21、ten select the option of seven years and 2 renewal periods, “brown field” projects often select a 10 years fixed crediting period.,2020/7/22,Slide 13,PDD D項(xiàng)：適用的監(jiān)測(cè)方法和計(jì)劃 PDD SECTION D. Application of a monitoring methodology and plan,D.1. 應(yīng)用于該項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的經(jīng)核準(zhǔn)的方法學(xué)名稱(chēng)和參考文獻(xiàn)： Name and reference of approved monitor

22、ing methodology applied to the project activity: D.2. 選擇該方法學(xué)的理由和為什么它可應(yīng)用于該項(xiàng)目活動(dòng) Justification of the choice of the methodology and why it is applicable to the project activity: D.2. 1.選擇1：監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目和基準(zhǔn)情景的排放 Option 1: Monitoring of the emissions in the project scenario and the baseline scenario D. 2.2. 選擇2：直

23、接監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目的減排量 Option 2: Direct monitoring of emission reductions from the project activity D.2.3. 監(jiān)測(cè)計(jì)劃中泄漏的設(shè)備 Treatment of leakage in the monitoring plan D.2.4. 說(shuō)明用于估算項(xiàng)目減排的公式 Description of formulae used to estimate emission reductions for the project activity D.3. 實(shí)施監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量控制和保證程序 Quality control (QC) a

24、nd quality assurance (QA) procedures are being undertaken for data monitored D.4. 說(shuō)明項(xiàng)目實(shí)施單位為監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目減排及泄漏運(yùn)行和管理結(jié)構(gòu) Please describe the operational and management structure that the project operator will implement in order to monitor emission reductions and any leakage effects, generated by the project acti

25、vity D.5. 確定監(jiān)測(cè)方法人員/機(jī)構(gòu)的信息 Name of person/entity determining the monitoring methodology:,2020/7/22,Slide 14,PDD E項(xiàng)：計(jì)算各種溫室氣體源的排放量PDD SECTION E: Estimation of GHG emissions by sources,E.1.說(shuō)明溫室氣體源的排放量： Estimate of GHG emissions by sources: E.2.預(yù)期的泄漏： Estimated leakage: E.3.E.1和E.2之和表示該項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的排放量： The sum o

26、f E.1 and E.2 representing the project activity emissions: E.4.說(shuō)明溫室氣體源的人為排放量的基準(zhǔn) Estimated anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases of the baseline: E.5. E.4和E.3之差表示該項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的減排量： Difference between E.4 and E.3 representing the emission reductions of the project activity E.6. 列出應(yīng)用上述公式時(shí)得到的數(shù)值

27、的表格： Table providing values obtained when applying formulae above,2020/7/22,Slide 15,項(xiàng)目邊界與泄漏：Project Boundaries and Leakage,項(xiàng)目邊界：Project boundary 項(xiàng)目邊界項(xiàng)目邊界應(yīng)包括在項(xiàng)目參與者控制范圍內(nèi)的、數(shù)量可觀并可合理歸因于清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的所有溫室氣體(GHG)源人為排放量。 The project boundary shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse

28、 gases (GHG) under the control of the project participants that are significant and reasonably attributable to the CDM project activity. 泄漏定義：Leakage: 為項(xiàng)目邊界之外出現(xiàn)的并且是可測(cè)量的和可歸因于清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)的溫室氣體(GHG)源人為排放量的凈變化。 Leakage is defined as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases

29、(GHG) which occurs outside the project boundary, and which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity.,2020/7/22,Slide 16,泄漏：Leakage,確保所有由于項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的排放都應(yīng)予以考慮。泄漏可能是負(fù)面的也可能是正面的。對(duì)正面的泄漏可以根據(jù)保守的原則予以忽略，而對(duì)負(fù)面的泄漏影響則必須考慮。 Ensure that all emissions that are affected by the project are taken into accou

30、nt. Leakage might be positive or negative. When/if identified, positive leakage may not be accounted for in order to be conservative in ER estimation. Negative leakage effects should always be accounted for unless explicitly stated otherwise in the methodology. 例如：Examples: 生物質(zhì)的運(yùn)輸：Transport of biomass 生物質(zhì)的缺乏導(dǎo)致石化燃料消費(fèi)：Scarcity of biomass forces increase in fossil fuel consumption 與施工有關(guān)的排放：Construction related emissions,2020/7/22,Slide 17,溫室氣體排放源：GHG emissions by sources,直接現(xiàn)場(chǎng)排放 Direct on-site emissions 直接非現(xiàn)場(chǎng)排放 Direct off-site emissions 非直接現(xiàn)場(chǎng)排放 I