八年級(jí)練習(xí)與提高要點(diǎn)%5c第一學(xué)期%5c英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語(yǔ)法講解+上學(xué)期.ppt

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法小結(jié) 我們知道現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have（has）+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的，其規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成與過(guò)去式相同，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞則需要加強(qiáng)記憶。現(xiàn)將其主要用法小結(jié)如下： 1表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。例如： I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過(guò)衣服。 （“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）,2表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實(shí)質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這時(shí)往往與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如： I have been here for just over two years. 我

2、到這里才兩年多。 He has worked here since 1989. 從1989年， 他就在這里工作。 3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等， 但可以和never, ever, already, yet, just, for, since 等連用。 例如： Have you finished your work yet? 你已經(jīng)完成你的工作了嗎？ I have never heard that before. 過(guò)去，我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)那件事。,4be的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。 1）表示一種狀

3、態(tài)，表示從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，要與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 例如： There has been a factory near No. 14 Middle School for several years. 十四中學(xué)附近有家工廠，已經(jīng)有幾年了。 2）表示某人剛從某地回來(lái)。例如： Where have you been? I have been to the library. 你到哪里去了？ 我到圖書(shū)館去了。 3）后加地點(diǎn)，表示某人曾經(jīng)到過(guò)某地。 例如： Have you ever been to West Hill Farm? 你曾經(jīng)到過(guò)西山農(nóng)場(chǎng)嗎？,但是“have（has）gone （t

4、o）+地點(diǎn)”則表示已去了某地，不在說(shuō)話者所在的地方。例如： Where is Kate? She has gone to Beijing with her father. 凱特在哪里？ 她和她父親一起去北京了。 5瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。瞬間動(dòng)詞也叫短暫性動(dòng)詞或終止性動(dòng)詞。這種動(dòng)詞是指它們動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始也就意味著動(dòng)作的結(jié)束，所以不能跟表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但可以用其它方式來(lái)表示。象這樣的詞有：buy, sell, begin, start, leave, come, go, borrow, lend, return, die, join等。 例如：,火車離開(kāi)半小時(shí)了。 誤：The train ha

5、s left for half an hour. 正：The train has been away for half an hour. 正：The train left half an hour ago. 正：It has been half an hour since the train left. 正：It is half an hour since the train left. 但是，其完成時(shí)的否定式可與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，表示一種狀態(tài)。例如： I havent received a letter from my father for two months. 我已兩個(gè)月沒(méi)有收到我

6、爸爸的信了。 He hasnt come here for a week. 他一個(gè)星期沒(méi)有來(lái)這里了。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)要點(diǎn)剖析 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去。試比較： The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻鐘以前來(lái)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五

7、年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）,二、短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系 短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等或短語(yǔ)“be+名詞（形容詞、位置副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)）”來(lái)代替短暫性動(dòng)詞， 如：become be, beginhave 或 be on, borrowkeep, buyhave, come(go, a

8、rrive, get) be here/there/in，diebe dead, fall asleep(ill) be asleep(ill), finishbe over, get to knowknow, joinbe in （be a member of ）,leave be away (from), marry be married等；也可以仍用原短暫性動(dòng)詞，用句型“It is since從句（從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）”或用“一般過(guò)去時(shí)+ ago”這一結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表述延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 如： 他入黨五年了。 He has been in the Party for five years. H

9、e has been a Party member for five years. It is five years since he joined the Party. He joined the Party five years ago .,電影開(kāi)始五分鐘了。 The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began The film began five minutes ago. 但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如： I havent bought the bike for a

10、year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來(lái)這兒還沒(méi)有一個(gè)小時(shí)。,三、have been in 與have been to 的用法比較 1?！癶ave been +in+地點(diǎn)名詞”或“have been + 位置副詞”的意思是“在某地呆過(guò)久”，如：Mr. Green has been in China for many years. 格林先生在中國(guó)呆過(guò)好多年。 I have been here since I began to work. 我工作以來(lái)一直呆在這兒。 2?！癶ave been + to +地點(diǎn)名詞”意思是“曾經(jīng)到

11、過(guò)某地（多少次）”。 如： Miss Brown has been to Japan twice. 布朗小姐到日本去過(guò)兩次。 Have you ever been here before? 你以前到過(guò)這嗎？,三、just, lately, recently是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： The train has just arrived. 火車剛到。 Did you see Joan just now? 你剛才看到瓊了嗎？ Have you heard from your family lately/recently? 你

12、最近收到家人的來(lái)信了嗎？,四、in the past few years 意思是“過(guò)去幾年來(lái)”，可作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；in the past意思是“在過(guò)去”，常作一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 如： Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years. 過(guò)去幾年來(lái)，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。 Where did you work in the past? 你過(guò)去在哪里工作？,五、even since then與from then on (after that)都有“打那以后”之意，前者是完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，后者常用作

13、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如： Shes lived here ever since then. 打那以后，她一直住在這。 I didnt hear of Jim from then on/after that. 打那以后，我就沒(méi)有吉姆的消息。 六、before泛指“以前”時(shí)，可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中；ago表示“現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間以前”，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： Ive never been to Japan before. 我以前沒(méi)去過(guò)日本。 She went to Japan a year ago. 她一年前去了日本。,七、ever和never也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。前者意思是“曾經(jīng)”，多見(jiàn)

14、于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中；后者意思是“從來(lái)沒(méi)有”，表示全部否定。如： “Have you ever seen the film?” “No. I have never seen it.” “你曾經(jīng)看過(guò)這部影片嗎？” “沒(méi)有， 從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)?！?Nobody in our class has ever been there. 我們班沒(méi)有人去過(guò)那。,八、so far(到目前為止)， these days(這些天) 也是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. 到目前為止， 還沒(méi)有人到月球以外旅行。 What ha

15、ve you done these days? 這些天來(lái)，你做了什么事？,Exercises： 1So far，she _ her holiday very much Ahas not enjoyed Bdid not enjoy Cdoesnt enjoy Dwas not enjoying 2John caught a cold on Saturday and _ in bed ever since Awas Bhas been Cis Dhave been 3All of those houses _ in the past ten years Awere built Bhad been

16、 built Chave been built Dhave built,A,B,C,4I _ to speak to you for these days Awant Bwanted Chad wanted Dhave wanted 5This is the first time that I _ really relaxed for months Ahad felt Bfelt Chave felt Dam feeling 6There _ a lot of changes in our city recently Aare Bhave been Chas been Dwere,D,C,B,

17、7Its one of the most interesting books that _ AIve ever read BI read CI had ever read DI am reading 8Where is your uncles home？ _ in Boston for the past four years AHes lived BHes living CHe lived DHe lives,A,A,訓(xùn)練 用括號(hào)中所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。 1. Mary _(lose) her pen yesterday. _ you _ (see) it here and the

18、re? 2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet? 3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange. 4. We _already _ (return) the book. 5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?,6. -Has Tom taught you English? -Yes, he _ (teach) us English for two years. 7. I _(not finish) my homework yet. Can you

19、 help me? 8. What _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them. 9. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know? - Sorry, I dont know. 10. My father _ (read) the novel twice.,訓(xùn)練： (A)用already，yet或still填空。 1. The old man is _ living. 2. He wears that old coat _. 3. I have not _ heard from

20、 him. 4. Have your parents come back _? 5. If he hasnt seen the film _ , I may give him a ticket. 6. I have not heard the story_. 7. He has _ turned on the light. 8. They are _ here.,still,still,yet,yet,yet,yet,already,still,B) 試做下列練習(xí)（用for或since填空） 1. He has lived in Nanjing _ two years ago. 2. Ive

21、known him _ we were children. 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.,since,since,since,for,for, 1. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year. 2. The students _(study) in the middle school since l

22、ast month. 3. How long _ you _(know) him? 4. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China. 5. I _(give) my friend a nice book recently. 6. Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see) the old man three times. 7. _ she ever _(teach) you English? 8. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的典型錯(cuò)誤分析你看過(guò)這部電影了嗎？ Did you see the film? Have you seen the film?