托?？谡Z提升速記能力這些信息符號(hào)和單詞縮寫要掌握

1、托?？谡Z提升速記能力這些信息符號(hào)和單詞縮寫要掌握 想要提升速記能力大家需要掌握一些具有特定含義的替代符號(hào)和單詞縮寫，今天給大家?guī)硗懈？谡Z提升速記能力這些信息符號(hào)和單詞縮寫要掌握,希望可以幫助到大家，下面就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。托?？谡Z提升速記能力這些信息符號(hào)和單詞縮寫要掌握托福口語信息速記替代符號(hào)一覽 increase,develop, improvedecrease, reduce, worsen since, so that, cause effect agree, right, reasonable,good, excellent, positive wrong, incorrec

2、t,disagree, negativeabout, approximately,around= just like, similar to, thesame as different from, not thesame as$ dollar feeor+/and, add, plus,whats more% percent:/- explain, mean, saymore than, more托福口語速記如何進(jìn)行單詞縮寫?單詞縮寫的原則上是前面2-3個(gè)字母，加上尾綴如：governmentgovm, educationedut,exercise-ex, teacher-t, geograp

3、hy-geoy, psychology-psy, excited-excd etc.托?？谡Z答題質(zhì)量提升策略托福ibt考試已將口語能力的考核加入，而且分值和閱讀、聽力、寫作對(duì)等。這就使得以前只關(guān)注讀寫聽的考生不得不花時(shí)間和精力來準(zhǔn)備托?？谡Z考試。據(jù)調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)，考生各部分的成績(jī)排列從閱讀、聽力、寫作到口語依次降低，口語的分?jǐn)?shù)在各部分中通常是最低的。這個(gè)現(xiàn)象在考生中引起的巨大的恐慌。另一種狀況是，即便是平時(shí)自認(rèn)為口語能力不錯(cuò)，聽力能力也很好的同學(xué)，也會(huì)對(duì)自己最后較低的口語成績(jī)感到不解。于是口語部分的考核就變得更加令人琢磨不透了。ets 對(duì)口語部分的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定得也相對(duì)模糊，從某種意義說，不能提供給考生

4、清晰的指導(dǎo)。這樣一來，口語能力差的同學(xué)怕考試，口語能力好的同學(xué)也對(duì)之沒有太大信心，口語部分的考核似乎成了考生們的“鬼門關(guān)”。筆者在執(zhí)教托?？谡Z課程的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，目前大多數(shù)考生對(duì)“口語好”的定義似乎都是“說得相對(duì)流利，發(fā)音比較準(zhǔn)確，語速不會(huì)太慢”。這無可厚非。然而，剛才提到的準(zhǔn)則僅僅只是“口語好”的外包裝，大家需要關(guān)注的更重要的是說話的“實(shí)效性”，即思維邏輯，語言組織和詞句質(zhì)量。我覺得沒有必要過多提醒大家關(guān)于語言“外包裝”的問題，因?yàn)檫@絕對(duì)是大家注重的方面，所以在口語強(qiáng)化班里的同學(xué)基本都有練習(xí)過或是系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)過發(fā)音，這很叫人欣慰?？墒牵蠹乙欢ㄒ⒁?，ibt的口語是電腦錄音，評(píng)判者是通過聽錄音來做

5、分?jǐn)?shù)評(píng)估的，所以，“說得快”未必是件好事，說得清楚才是重點(diǎn)?？紤]到評(píng)卷者的“聽覺疲勞”，說話的“斷句”和重點(diǎn)詞匯在重音和語調(diào)上的突出，則是有效傳達(dá)信息的關(guān)鍵。所以同學(xué)們不要一味求快，而要注意斷句，語調(diào)和重音?？纯聪旅娴睦樱?the great wall was the greatest man-made military defense structure in ancient china.這是一個(gè)在口語表述當(dāng)中很上檔次的句子，但如果大家一口氣讀完的話，這個(gè)句子的美感就體現(xiàn)不出來了，而且在錄音的情況下很可能還會(huì)讓評(píng)卷者無法聽清楚。于是我們需要借助短句和重音來表達(dá)，下面我用/作為斷句的標(biāo)志，用

6、來點(diǎn)明重音，于是我們可以這樣來處理這個(gè)句子：the great wall/was the greatest /man-made military defense structure/in ancient china.大家可以試著讀一讀這個(gè)句子。斷句并可以是稍稍停頓，或者是拉長(zhǎng)詞的讀音，我們?cè)趙all 的時(shí)候拉長(zhǎng)讀音，在greatest和structure后稍作停頓，于是這個(gè)句子聽起來就更加容易理解，因?yàn)槲覀儼丫渥拥囊馊簍he great wall、was the greatest、man-made military defense structure、in ancient china劃開了。補(bǔ)

7、充一點(diǎn)，這樣的口語聽來更上檔次。所以在這里，筆者想提醒大家是，為了使表達(dá)效果更好，是語言聽起來更加悅耳，我們不但要注意發(fā)音，還要注意說話時(shí)的斷句和重音。這是語言的外包裝，但做好了這一切是絕對(duì)不夠的。正如每個(gè)人在打開美麗的包裝盒時(shí)所期待的是盒子里面更加誘人的禮物一樣，每個(gè)考官在悅耳的聲音背后更想想吸納入耳的絕對(duì)是有組織，有意義的詞句。所以另一重對(duì)語言的要求也接踵而至，即說話的 “實(shí)效性”：思維邏輯，語言組織和詞句質(zhì)量。在第一和第二題的獨(dú)立口語任務(wù)中，大家需要作的是就自己的經(jīng)歷或向法來回答一些問題。題目主要涉及日常生活和一些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間15秒，答題時(shí)間45秒。這類型考試的形式和面試很相似。1

8、5 的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間形如虛設(shè)，根本無法讓考生繪制一個(gè)好的答案。大家都知道，要想在面試中表現(xiàn)得好，事先必須有所準(zhǔn)備，同理，要想在這兩個(gè)題目上得高分，預(yù)先的素材準(zhǔn)備時(shí)必不可少的。正所謂：有備無患，胸有成竹。信心百倍，微笑說話。我們先來看看關(guān)于如下題目的兩種答案：what is you favorite place for reading?answer 1：i think my favorite place for reading is the library. first because in the library， many students are reading and you will rea

9、d with them. second because in the library， you can get many books easily， so you can get to the information quickly. en so i like to read in the library.answer 2：unlike many people， my favorite place for reading is the park. i just like the atmosphere. reading is tiring， and when i feel tired， i ca

10、n look up from the book and see people jogging on the path and boating on the lake. then i feel relaxed. still， when your eyes feel tired， there are many green trees and lawns to give them a good rest. in the park， you can see many old people taking their beloved birds and dogs for a walk. this give

11、s me inspirations. indeed， i like to read in parks rather than in libraries or classrooms.大家一比較就會(huì)覺得，前者了無生趣，機(jī)械死板，內(nèi)容單薄;而后者新穎敵特，語言豐富，內(nèi)容翔實(shí)。我要求學(xué)學(xué)員在學(xué)習(xí)完畢之后能答出類似后者質(zhì)量的答案，但在15秒的時(shí)間內(nèi)準(zhǔn)備出后面的答案對(duì)大多數(shù)同學(xué)來說是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，而如果提前有所準(zhǔn)備，情況就大為不同。于是第一和第二題的信心來自提前的準(zhǔn)備。但考生又會(huì)有疑問，題目范圍如此之廣，涉題領(lǐng)域如此之大，怎么下手去準(zhǔn)備呢?題目有無數(shù)，準(zhǔn)備題目自然不是上策，而準(zhǔn)備“資料庫”，學(xué)會(huì)“借題發(fā)揮”則

12、不一樣，定會(huì)事半功倍，效果非凡。于是第一和第二題的成敗關(guān)鍵就在于資料庫的搭建和“轉(zhuǎn)話”技巧的培養(yǎng)。第三題和第五題比較類似，都是聽對(duì)話之后回答相關(guān)的問題。聽懂對(duì)話是成功的一半，而如何不失重點(diǎn)，合理有效的組織答案則是成功的另一半。對(duì)于聽力好的同學(xué)而言，學(xué)習(xí)組織答案的技巧是關(guān)鍵。如果連聲累述而沒有重點(diǎn)，或是詞不達(dá)意缺少亮點(diǎn)，豈不白白浪費(fèi)了好的聽力。對(duì)于聽力能力欠佳的同學(xué)而言，如何把握對(duì)話的節(jié)奏，關(guān)注重要的信息，用說話結(jié)構(gòu)的完整來彌補(bǔ)聽力的不足都是重要的技巧。這些都是課堂上講述的重點(diǎn)，也是備考信心的*。第三題：火眼金睛讀材料，熟門熟路記重點(diǎn)。對(duì)話模式心有數(shù)，有效信息盡入耳。第五題：對(duì)話結(jié)構(gòu)我知道，信息

13、丟失不重要。答題要點(diǎn)我抓到，說話結(jié)構(gòu)都知曉。第四和第六題類似，是通過聽一段課堂講座來答題。生僻詞匯，快速語流給同學(xué)們?cè)斐闪寺犃ι系木薮笳系K。于是大家首要解決的問題是如何對(duì)待聽力材料，如何最好的利用聽到何讀到的信息，如何在合理的答題結(jié)構(gòu)中來隱藏聽力的缺失。這樣的題目對(duì)說話的技巧要求是非常高的，而掌握這些技巧就是考試信心的源泉。正是：第四題：火眼金睛讀材料，熟門熟路記重點(diǎn)。講座要點(diǎn)聽于耳，答題套路埋于心。第六題：聽懂講演是重點(diǎn)，記下信息是關(guān)鍵。巧妙避開不利點(diǎn)，結(jié)構(gòu)完美撐門面。托?？谡Z考試準(zhǔn)備階段的最后一個(gè)部分，當(dāng)然就是練習(xí)了。消除了心理的說英語恐懼，也積累了一定的材料并總結(jié)出了自己的答題思路，這個(gè)

14、時(shí)候就要通過實(shí)踐自我考察了。托?？谡Z解題的六大原則independent speaking tasksin the independent speaking portion of the toefl ibt test, you will give two short speeches on topics that are familiar to you. for the personal preference task, you will choose and support a preference from a particular category. for the personal c

15、hoice task, you will make and support a choice between two contrasting options.an effective speech begins with an introductory statement that tells the listener what the speech is about. the body of the speech is made up of explanations and details. a concluding statement completes the speech.1. lis

16、ten carefully to the task and think about what you must do in your response.ask yourself these questions:what is the topic of the task?what am i being asked to do?then make a mental list of the answers to these questions. for example, look at the following task:name a skill you have learned and expl

17、ain why it is important to you. include details and examples to support your explanation.for this task, you would make a mental list like the following:the topic is about a skill i have learned. i need to:name the skilldefine the skill if the listener might not know what it isexplain its importancei

18、nclude details and examples2. quickly decide on a topic.it is easy to run out of preparation time while trying to decide what topic within the given category you will discuss. quickly choose a topic and start thinking about the examples and details you can include for that particular topic. remember

19、, examiners are not interested in what the topic is but in how well you can express yourself.3. restate the task to include the topic that you ate going to speak about.for the task in strategy 1 above, you might choose to focus on the skill of touch-typing. your restatement could be:have learned how

20、 to touch-type, and this has been very important during my studies.4. work through your mental list of requirements.for the task in strategy 1 above, your list might be:name the skill. you have already named the skill in your restatement of the task statement.define the skill. ask yourself if you ne

21、ed to define your topic. will the listener know about the topic you have chosen?explain the importance to you of the topic you have chosen.include details and examples from your own experience.5. know your goal.when studying, record your speech and make a transcript, writing it exactly as you said i

22、t. then make improvements to it: correct mistakes, eliminate long hesitations, and replace words or rephrase sentences to avoid repetition. practice reading the corrected version aloud, and time yourself. read it again while timing yourself, and stop reading at 45 seconds. how far did you get?you wi

23、ll find that 45 seconds is only enough time for you to restate the task with your topic and to give one or two examples and one or two details. eliminate unnecessary examples and details from your transcript and read it again with a timer. once you have eliminated enough to be able to read your resp

24、onse aloud in about 35-40 seconds, and the topic does not suffer from a lack of examples or detail, you know your goal. the remaining 5-10 seconds are for the natural hesitations and corrections a speaker generally makes when talking.6. get ready for the next item.it is easy to get anxious if you run out of time and have not