動(dòng)火作業(yè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)培訓(xùn)演示文檔

,安全環(huán)保部,HOT WORK熱作業(yè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)培訓(xùn),WELDING焊接,and,CUTTING打磨,WELDING is a process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the work pieces and a filler material to form a pool of molten material that cools to become a strong joint, but sometimes pressure is used in conjunction or by itself, to produce the weld. 焊接是通過(guò)普通金屬的熱聚合來(lái)連接材料的過(guò)程。一般通過(guò)溶解工件和填充材料來(lái)形成一個(gè)溶解材料填充池，通過(guò)冷卻是它變成堅(jiān)固的連接點(diǎn)，但是有時(shí)候也通過(guò)壓力來(lái)造成連接，或者它自身來(lái)形成 焊縫。,DEFINITION 定義,COMMON TYPES OF WELDING 普通的 焊接,Electric shock 電擊Fumes and gases 煙和氣Welding sparks 焊渣Arc rays 電弧光,GENRAL WELDING HAZARDS HAZARDS 焊接中的危害,Confined space 受限空間General work area/Falls總的工作區(qū)域/墜落Electric and magnetic fields 電氣和磁場(chǎng)Area Conditions/Fire 工作場(chǎng)所/火災(zāi),GENRAL WELDING HAZARDS HAZARDS 焊接中的危害,電弧焊,電極,弧,焊把線(xiàn),焊機(jī),回流,作業(yè)點(diǎn),8,Potential Hazards: 潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Unprotected combustible materials exposed to hot work. 在動(dòng)火作業(yè)區(qū)域有未保護(hù)的可燃材料Fire and explosion hazards. 火災(zāi)和爆炸Failure to recognize flammable materials such as rubber, foam insulation, wiring, deck covering, wallboard. 對(duì)易燃材料錯(cuò)誤的判斷，例如橡膠、泡沫絕緣，電線(xiàn)、面板敷料，墻板等,General Hot Works Hazards 總的動(dòng)火作業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),9,Potential Hazards: 潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Spark-producing devices not observed by user. 未使用火花產(chǎn)生裝置。Burning of materials causing toxic gases or atmospheres. 燃燒的材料產(chǎn)生有毒有害氣體oxygen-deficent and oxygen enriched atmospheres while performing hot work. 動(dòng)火作業(yè)時(shí)氧氣不足或氧氣過(guò)分充足。,General Hot Works Hazards 總的動(dòng)火作業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),10,Potential Hazards: 潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Performing hot work in non-designated locations. 在非指定區(qū)域動(dòng)火作業(yè)Protective covers that have been moved, become deteriorated, contaminated, or unsuitable for the purpose. 因?yàn)槠茡p、污損或者工作不合適而移走防護(hù)罩Fuel line and oxygen hose breakage. 燃料和氧氣的軟管破損,General Hot Works Hazards 總的動(dòng)火作業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),11,Factors to Consider 考慮的因素,Wetness / Welder in or work piece / Confined space 雨天/焊工站在工件上/受限空間,Precautions 預(yù)防,Good electrical connection, Electrode holder and cable properly insulated 良好的電氣連接，焊把和電源線(xiàn)絕緣All electrical connections to welders, power supply to electrode holder clamps and earthing connection must be made only with the circuit open 在電源接通的狀況下，保持電源連同焊機(jī)，電力通過(guò)焊把，以及接地，形成一個(gè)回路。,ELECTRIC WELDING SHOCK 電焊-電擊,12,Cables and connectors to be capable of handling the maximum possible current 電纜和連接器要能夠承受最大的電流The earth wire must be connected as close as possible to the element to be welded using pliers, clmaps or other systems which garantee good contact 通過(guò)接地棒、夾子和其它的系統(tǒng)使接地線(xiàn)牢固,ELECTRIC WELDING SHOCK 電焊-電擊,Grounds shall not be connected to handrails, stairs, or from steel power or lighting towers, or on any active oil, gas, steam, air, or chemical line: in live plant area ask to plant-owner for suitable ground point 不允許將接地與欄桿，階梯，金屬動(dòng)力或者燈車(chē)，以及油類(lèi)，氣體，蒸汽，空氣或者化學(xué)品管線(xiàn)連接，與激活的設(shè)備連接需要與設(shè)備所有者確定合適的接地點(diǎn)。Ground machine frames: inspect all grounds for mechanical strength adequacy 接地設(shè)備框架：檢查所有的接地是否牢固。Insulate welder from work piece and ground, particularly from wet area 將焊機(jī)與工作場(chǎng)所隔離，尤其是潮濕的區(qū)域。,Wear dry, hole free gloves 佩戴干燥的沒(méi)有破損的手套。Dont touch electrically “hot” parts or electrode or electrically live parts 不要觸摸電源過(guò)熱的區(qū)域或者焊條以及電源流通部件Always inspect the electrode holder before turning the welder on 在打開(kāi)焊機(jī)前，檢查焊把When working at height, use a safety harness 高處作業(yè)使用安全帶,Instruct employees to do also the following: 遵循以下指令Open power switch when leaving, stopping for appreciable times, and moving machines 在離開(kāi)，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間停止作業(yè)以及移動(dòng)設(shè)備的時(shí)候，關(guān)閉電源開(kāi)關(guān)When not in use, remove electrodes from holders and place holders where they cannot make electrical contact with employees or conducting objects 當(dāng)不使用時(shí)，從焊把上移走焊條，不要將焊把放在金屬面或與人體接觸的地方。,ELECTRIC WELDING SHOCK 電焊 電擊,Do not dip hot holders in water for cooling 不要將熱焊把放進(jìn)水里冷卻Report faulty equipment to supervisor 將破損的設(shè)備報(bào)告給管理人員Shield operations with screens that protect other workers 使用防護(hù)屏風(fēng),ELECTRIC WELDING SHOCK 電焊 電擊,Treatment for Electrical Shock: 救援電擊者Turn off the power 關(guān)閉電源Use non-conducting material, such as wood, to pull the victim 使用絕緣體如木頭等拉動(dòng)受害者If the victim is not breathing, administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after breaking contact ONLY IF TRAINED TO DO SO 如果受害者沒(méi)有呼吸，只有受過(guò)培訓(xùn)的人允許使用心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)。,Call a physician and continue CPR until breathing starts or until a physician arrives 呼叫醫(yī)生，繼續(xù)實(shí)施心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)，直到受害者有呼吸或者醫(yī)生到達(dá)Treat an electrical burn as a thermal burn by applying clean, cold(iced) compresses 通過(guò)清洗，冷敷（冰）擠壓等來(lái)治療電擊燒傷Prevent contamination and cover the burn with a clean, dry dressing 使用干凈的，干燥的布清理和覆蓋燒傷部位。,2. Fumes and gases,Factors to Consider 考慮因素,Confined area. 受限區(qū)域Positioning of welders head. 焊機(jī)頭部的位置Lack of general ventilation.缺少通風(fēng)Electrode types. 焊條類(lèi)型Base metal coatings, galvanise, paint. 基礎(chǔ)金屬的外衣，鍍鋅，和油漆,FUMES AND GASES 煙氣,Precautions預(yù)防,Use ventilation or exhaust. 使用通風(fēng)和排氣裝置Use helmet and positioning of head.使用護(hù)罩和規(guī)范焊機(jī)頭部位置Read warnings on electrode container. 閱讀焊條容器上的警告Provide additional ventilation / exhaust . 提供額外的通風(fēng)/排氣Use special care - welding in a confined area. 特別關(guān)注-受限區(qū)域的焊接Do not weld unless ventilation is adequate. 在沒(méi)有足夠通風(fēng)情況下不要焊接Keep your head out of fumes.遠(yuǎn)離煙氣,FUMES AND GASES 煙氣,Nitrogen oxides (TLV 5ppm) 氧化氮Formed by combination of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen by heat of electric arc, or gas torch. 由于電弧或者氣焊把加熱空氣中的氧氣和氮?dú)庑纬蒘ymptoms:Irritating cough, tightness in chest, lung irritation.癥狀：刺激性咳嗽，胸悶，肺部發(fā)炎Ozone (TLV 0.1ppm) 臭氧Formed in small quantities in electric arc welding with coated rods and in gas welding, shielded welding. 由少量的電弧焊和焊接中產(chǎn)生Symptoms are:- Cold, bronchitis, pneumonia.癥狀是： - 冷，支氣管炎，肺炎。,FUMES AND GASES 煙氣,Phosgene(TLV 0.1ppm) 光氣Formed by the action of heat on hydrocarbons. Example insufficiently dried after degreasing. 由加熱烴類(lèi)產(chǎn)生（乙炔)Symptoms are:- Like nitrogen oxide and ozone.癥狀： - 如氮氧化物和臭氧。Carbon monoxide(TLV 50ppm) 一氧化碳Formed when welding is held on varnishes, paints and other carbonaceous coatings.在清漆，油漆等含碳化合物表面焊接Symptoms are:- Asphyxia, headache, nausea etc.癥狀是： - 窒息，頭痛，惡心等,FUMES AND GASES 煙氣,Identify potential toxic exposures that could result from welding or cutting and use sufficient ventilation 確認(rèn)焊接和切割中潛在的有害物資，確保充足的通風(fēng)Use mechanical ventilation or respiratory protection if air contaminants exceed permissible exposure limit (PEL) 如果超過(guò)允許范圍，使用機(jī)械通風(fēng)和呼吸保護(hù)裝置Do not use oxygen for ventilation, cooling, or cleaning 不要使用氧氣通風(fēng)、冷卻和清潔,Breathe Protection 呼吸保護(hù),Use air-line respirators if ventilation insufficient in confined spaces 在受限空間內(nèi)通風(fēng)不足時(shí)使用空氣呼吸器Use safety belts, lifelines, and attendant for confined spaces 受限空間作業(yè)使用安全帶和生命繩,Breathe Protection 呼吸保護(hù),Factors to Consider 考慮因素,Containers held with combustibles. 盛易燃物的容器Flammable materials. 易燃材料,Fire Hazards 火災(zāi),The welding heat can reach temperatures of 5000o C. 火焰的溫度可以達(dá)到5000o CThe spark can travel to10m 火花可以飛濺出10m,WELDING SPARKS 焊接火花,Precaution預(yù)防,Do not weld on containers having combustible materials ( paints / thinner ). 容器上有易燃物時(shí)不要焊接（油漆/稀釋劑）Remove flammable materials from welding area or shield. 移走焊接區(qū)域易燃材料Keep a fire watch 安排監(jiān)火員Keep a fire extinguisher in the welding area. 焊接區(qū)域有滅火器Wear fire retardant clothing 穿戴防火材料制作的工作服,WELDING SPARKS 焊接火花,Sparks are one of the most common fire causes in construction site, both those at ground level and particularly those falling from the upper level underneath. Sparks containment (carpet, shield, etc.) is one of the most important duty of a welder 火花在施工中最容易導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)一種形式，尤其是高空火花在沒(méi)有防護(hù)的情況下,Factors to Consider 注意因素,Gas shielded arc most severe 氣體弧光是最嚴(yán)重的UV and INFRA red lights 紫外線(xiàn)和紅外線(xiàn),ARC RAYS 電弧射線(xiàn),Precaution 預(yù)防,Wear suitable eye protection 使用合適的眼部保護(hù)Select a filter lens. 選擇過(guò)濾鏡片Always use helmet when welding.帶安全帽P(pán)rovide non-flammable shielding.使用不易燃的防護(hù)Wear clothing which protects skin.長(zhǎng)袖衣服Use eye and skin protection to avoid ultraviolet radiation burns 使用眼部和皮膚保護(hù)避免紫外線(xiàn)灼傷,ARC RAYS 電弧射線(xiàn),Metal enclosure.金屬外殼Wetness. 雨天Restricted entry. 限制入口Heavier than air gas. 比重比空氣重的氣體Welder inside or on work piece. 在工件上面或里面焊接,Welding in Confined Space 受限空間的焊接,Factors to Consider注意因素,Carefully evaluate adequacy of ventilation. 注意通風(fēng)Apply basic electric shock precaution. 提供基本電擊預(yù)防Method of welder retrieval from outside enclosure.了解焊機(jī)接通方案General safe work practices for confined space to be apply掌握基本的安全技術(shù)Permit to work shall be apply辦理許可證Always check with your welding supervisor/ foreman or safety officer before to start to work in confined space工作前向管理員/工頭/安全員確認(rèn),Welding in Confined Space 受限空間的焊接,Precaution預(yù)防,Execute Gas Test before to work 工作前進(jìn)行氣體測(cè)驗(yàn)Shut off gas supply at cylinders and torch valves outside confined spaces 關(guān)閉受限空間外氣瓶與焊把閥門(mén)Ensure all containers contacting toxic or flammable substances are either filled with water, cleaned, vented, and tested before welding, cutting, or heating 確保在焊接，切割或者加熱前，所有的容器與有毒有害物資或者易燃物資接觸過(guò)的充滿(mǎn)水，清洗，通風(fēng)以及測(cè)試,Fire Precaution for Confined Space受限空間火災(zāi)預(yù)防,Remove torches and hoses from confined spaces at shift change and overnight 下班后，將焊把和軟管從受限空間內(nèi)拿出來(lái)。Prevent residue buildup. Ensure containers are vented before welding, cutting, or heating 防止殘?jiān)鼩埩?。在焊接，切割和加熱前確保容器有足夠的通風(fēng)CO2 fire extinguisher can not be used 受限空間滅火器不能選擇二氧化碳滅火器,Fire Precaution for Confined Space受限空間火災(zāi)預(yù)防,.,磨光機(jī)的采購(gòu)要求,避免火星向上，應(yīng)向一側(cè)或向下 Avoid sending sparks upward. Where practical, direct sparks sideways or downward 。檢查火花可能傷及到人或財(cái)產(chǎn)的周?chē)鷧^(qū)域，確保沒(méi)有可以點(diǎn)燃的材料 Check the surrounding area for any people or property that might be hit by sparks. Make sure there are no flammables that could be ignited,Grinding machine and operation打磨機(jī)械與操作,在更換或安裝砂輪及刀具前，拔掉工具的插頭。 Always unplug the tool before replacing or installing stones, disks, and cutters使用電焊遮光罩或其他適合的屏障，預(yù)防火花及碎屑 Use welding screens or other suitable barriers to contain sparks and grindings,Grinding machine and operation打磨機(jī)械與操作,Grinding machine and operation打磨機(jī)械與操作,打磨機(jī)械的最大轉(zhuǎn)速應(yīng)有標(biāo)注。The maximum working speed of the grinding machines shall be marked on the Machine.防護(hù)罩應(yīng)最大程度的罩住砂輪，同時(shí)開(kāi)口依據(jù)作業(yè)性質(zhì)盡可能小。A guard shall be provided to enclose the wheel to the greatest possible extent, with the opening as small as possible consistent with the nature of the work.,GUARD防護(hù)罩,Grinding machine and operation打磨機(jī)械與操作,當(dāng)使用打磨機(jī)械與砂輪片時(shí)，需要臉部、眼部防護(hù)。安全眼鏡應(yīng)佩戴。Full face eye protection shall be used when working with grinding machines and abrasive wheels and safety spectacles should be worn under the shield.,砂輪片的轉(zhuǎn)速,磨光機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速,檢查砂輪片與磨光機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速是否匹配（注：磨光機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速不應(yīng)大于砂輪片轉(zhuǎn)速）INSPECT THE SPEED OF THE WHEEL AGAINST MACHINE. THE SPEED OF THE MACHINE MUST NOT BE MORE THAN THE SPEED OF THE WHEEL.,.,41,The right wheel and current use of the manual grinding is fundamental for the basic safe condition of these kind of activities 正確的砂輪片和電流是使用磨光機(jī)的基本安全條件,.,42,Handling Of Wheels 砂輪的處理Often wheel breakage can be attributed to careless handling and storage. Wheels damaged from these causes may appear perfect yet represent a danger to operatives. Manufacturers inspect wheels prior to packing to ensure that they are dispatched in perfect condition Over tightening” on spindles and flanges Shall be avoided as it is possible approach the ultimate crushing strength of to the wheel. 通常，砂輪的損壞是由于粗心操作與儲(chǔ)存。在打包前，廠(chǎng)商對(duì)砂輪進(jìn)行檢查，確保其在錠子上緊固良好。輪緣應(yīng)避免可能的過(guò)度受力。并且要注意防潮,.,注意事項(xiàng)1.砂輪片的保存 保存方法不當(dāng)往往是造成砂輪片消耗的主要原因2.打磨鎢極棒時(shí)必須使用砂輪機(jī),General Work Area Hazards 總的危害,Factors to Consider注意因素,Cluttered area. 凌亂的區(qū)域Indirect work (welding ground) connection. 直接的工作連接Electrical equipment. 電氣設(shè)備Engine driven equipment. 引擎設(shè)備Gas cylinders. 氣瓶Falls from height 高處墜落,General Work Area Hazards 總的危害,Precaution預(yù)防,Keep cables, materials, tools neatly organised.將電纜，材料，工具保持整潔Connect work cable as close as possible. 使電纜盡可能近的靠近工作區(qū)域Use only double properly grounded equipment. 設(shè)備接地Always disconnect power to equipment after use. 停止作業(yè)時(shí)，切斷電源Use in only open, well ventilated areas. 在敞開(kāi)的通風(fēng)區(qū)域作業(yè)S clasp and insulation使用S型鉤并確保絕緣隔離,General Work Area Hazards 總的危害,Precaution預(yù)防,Refuel with engine off. 加油時(shí)關(guān)閉引擎Never touch cylinder with the electrode. 不要用電極觸碰氣瓶Never lift a machine with cylinder attached. 不要將設(shè)備與氣瓶連接Keep cylinder upright and chained to support. 保持氣瓶直立以及使用鐵鏈固定Proper safe accessibility and falls protections. 安全通道和高處作業(yè)防護(hù)Keep enclosure complete and guards in place. 保持四周有圍護(hù)和防護(hù),General Work Area Hazards一般工作區(qū)域的危險(xiǎn),Temporary power lines to port