《英語介詞用法》PPT課件.ppt

英語語法知識(shí) 介詞用法 （ The use of preposition ）,介詞 ( preposition ),一 介詞的分類與語法功能 1.介詞是虛詞， 不能單獨(dú)做句子成分， 必須與名詞、 代詞（ 或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、或從句 ） 構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句子中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。 介詞分為： 簡單介詞（由一個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成）: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to 復(fù)雜介詞（由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單詞構(gòu)成）： within 、 inside 、 onto、throughout 復(fù)雜介詞可以包括兩個(gè)、三個(gè)、甚至四個(gè)單詞，稱為“雙詞介詞”、“三詞介詞”、和“四詞介詞” according to/ out of/because of/instead of by means of/in spite of/at variance with/for fear of/on account of at the expense of/at the mercy of/for the benefit of/for the sake of/on the grounds of/on the score of/under the auspices of,雙重介詞 ： from behind /above / under , until after,分詞介詞 ：considering , including , judging from /by,1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.,2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.,3. He succeeded in passing the final examination .,4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time.,5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.,總結(jié) 1：介詞后常接 名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞 、從句、 不定式組成介詞短語。,總結(jié) 2 : 介詞短語在句子中可作表語、 定語 、狀語和 賓補(bǔ)。,This machine is in good condition . Where is the key to my bike ? Nothing in the world could live without air or water . She always thinks herself above others,二. 介詞搭配 動(dòng)詞 介詞 rob sb of sth ( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc),supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb ( provide / fill ),make sth of / from / into,介詞 the + 人體部位 （strike / catch / hit/,prevent sb from doing,persuade sb into / out of doing sth ( advise/ warn /reason),buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose ),tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read),give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand ),say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper),同一介詞與不同動(dòng)詞 （ to / for / at 同一動(dòng)詞與不同介詞的搭配 ( look / agree / hear / call /stand ,2. 形容詞 介詞 afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good popular / pleased / known / familiar,1. Im afraid _ being late for school because my head teacher is very strict _ us . 2. Einstein was known _ his theory of relativity _ a famous physics scientist _ the world . 3. He is angry _ what his e-pal has said for he is tired _ being laughed at by others . 4. The boy is familiar _ the fiction because it is very popular _ teenagers so far .,3. 名詞 介詞 1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem . 2. The girl has a good way _ studying English . 3. The key _ success lies in diligence and wisdom .,重點(diǎn)介詞的用法歸納與辨析 表示世紀(jì)、年、月、 季、周 用 in / during , in the 1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June,2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕 用 on,3. 在某一時(shí)刻、 或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用 at .,till , until , to 的用法。 1） till / until 與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用，用于肯定句，與短暫 動(dòng)詞連用用在否定句（ 在句首、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 不用till ).,2) to 表終結(jié)常與from 連用 from to from time to time from hand to hand from door to door from house to house,from one + 名詞 to another 表 “依次” 名詞 + by + 同一名詞 one by one ,5. in , after , later,in + 一段時(shí)間 . 常用 一般將來時(shí)。 after + 一段時(shí)間 . 常用一般過去時(shí)。 after + 點(diǎn)時(shí)間 . 用各種時(shí)態(tài)。,一段時(shí)間 later 過去時(shí),6 . 地點(diǎn)介詞 : at , on , in , to , off across , through over , under below , above to （ 靜態(tài) ）, towards ( 動(dòng)態(tài) ）,along,7. 表示方式、手段、 工具 的介詞 by / through ( 表泛指 的方式、手段） by (交通工具類） by / with / in ( 方式、手段）,1.The boy likes writing _ a pen and especially likes writing _ blue and black ink . 2. He got full mark _ his own effort, he often contacts with his epals _ email .,8. 表 “ 除 之外 ” 的介詞 besides , but except ， except for , except that ,注意： 1） 前面有不定代詞、 疑問代詞時(shí)，多用but,All but one are here . Nobody but I likes literature .,2） 后接不定式短語為排除對(duì)象時(shí)，多用but He has nothing to do but wait . 3) 固定短語 have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事） can not but do sth cannot help but do sth (不得不） but for / but that（要不是）,9. between / among (三者以上）,1） Mary is sitting _ Tom and wang Li. 2） She was busy _ cooking , washing , sewing and looking after the baby . 3）Shanghai is _the largest cities in the world . 4） A horse can be seen _ trees now.,1. He didnt come to the meeting _ his illness . 2. The reason _ his being angry is that he lost his cell phone. 3. _ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up. 4. The accident is _ the drivers drinking .,10 表原因的介詞： for , because of , due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of,11. 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的 for , of,1）It is clever _ you to answer such a difficult answer. 2）It is mean _ her to give me so little pocket money . 3）It is quite impossible _ him to explain why . 4） It is hard _ you to learn a foreign language without perseverance .,12 . 兼類詞 （ 兼作連詞和副詞） after since till / until before .,介詞詞組與某些限定分句的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系： 介詞詞組作狀語和名詞修飾成分，與某些作類似用法的限定從屬分句有一定轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系： 1）介詞詞組在意義上相當(dāng)于that-分句 Did anyone inform you of the change of the plans? Did anyone inform you that the plans had been changed? Are you sure about Simons disappearance? Are you sure that Simon has disappeared? The young man convinced everyone of his innocence. The young man convinced everyone that he was innocent.,2) 介詞詞組在意義上相當(dāng)于狀語分句： Because of his mistake several people died. Because he made a mistake, several people died. Despite the citys many attractions, Johnny still preferred his cottage in the country. Although the city has many attractions, Johnny still preferred his cottage in the country. Within my knowledge, nothing ike this has ever happened before. As far as I know, nothing like this has ever happe